541:
571:
450:
411:
430:
137:
392:
590:
1397:
124:
2034:
Shoshani, Jeheskel; Goodman, Morris; Czelusniak, John; Braunitzer, Gerhard (1985). "A Phylogeny of
Rodentia and Other Eutherian Orders: Parsimony Analysis Utilizing Amino Acid Sequences of Alpha and Beta Hemoglobin Chains". In Luckett, W. Patrick; Hartenberger, Jean-Louis (eds.).
1753:
Matthee, Conrad A.; Eick, Geeta; Willows-Munro, Sandi; Montgelard, Claudine; Pardini, Amanda T.; Robinson, Terence J. (2007). "Indel evolution of mammalian introns and the utility of non-coding nuclear markers in eutherian phylogenetics".
507:
from the other carnivorous placental mammals. However, these mammals are distinguished between themselves based on the position of the carnassial teeth and the number of molars. The carnassial teeth of the
Carnivoramorpha are located in
1328:
Sean P. Heighton, Rémi Allio, Jérôme
Murienne, Jordi Salmona, Hao Meng, Céline Scornavacca, Armanda D. S. Bastos, Flobert Njiokou, Darren W. Pietersen, Marie-Ka Tilak, Shu-Jin Luo, Frédéric Delsuc, Philippe Gaubert (2023.)
1540:
Gaudin, Timothy J.; Gaubert, Philippe; Billet, Guillaume; Hautier, Lionel; Ferreira-Cardoso, Sérgio; Wible, John R. (1 January 2020), Challender, Daniel W. S.; Nash, Helen C.; Waterman, Carly (eds.),
2281:
Tomiya, S.; Zack, S. P.; Spaulding, M.; Flynn, J. J. (2021). "Carnivorous mammals from the middle Eocene
Washakie Formation, Wyoming, USA, and their diversity trajectory in a post-warming world".
1409:
Kalandadze, N. N. and S. A. Rautian (1992.) "Systema mlekopitayushchikh i istorygeskaya zoogeographei ." Sbornik Trudov
Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Moskovskogo Goschdarstvennoro Universiteta 29:44–152.
2068:
Madsen, Ole; Scally, Mark; Douady, Christophe J.; Kao, Diana J.; DeBry, Ronald W.; Adkins, Ronald; Amrine, Heather M.; Stanhope, Michael J.; de Jong, Wilfried W.; Springer, Mark S. (2001).
2341:
Solé, Floréal; Ladevèze, Sandrine (2017). "Evolution of the hypercarnivorous dentition in mammals (Metatheria,Eutheria) and its bearing on the development of tribosphenic molars".
5049:
1432:
Amrine-madsen, H.; Koepfli, K.P.; Wayne, R.K.; Springer, M.S. (2003). "A new phylogenetic marker, apolipoprotein B, provides compelling evidence for eutherian relationships".
1289:
sister to the
Carnivoramorpha-Mesonychia clade, and other genera allied with creodonts and palaeoryctids. This enlarged Ferae was also found to be the sister group to order
1528:"Dispersals of placental carnivorous mammals (Carnivoramorpha, Oxyaenodonta & Hyaenodontida) near the Paleocene-Eocene boundary: a climatic and almost worldwide story"
1828:
Kitazoe, Yasuhiro; Kishino, Hirohisa; Waddell, Peter J.; Nakajima, Noriaki; Okabayashi, Takahisa; Watabe, Teruaki; Okuhara, Yoshiyasu (2007). Hahn, Matthew (ed.).
3004:
2914:
1242:
3810:
3802:
3535:
2954:
2906:
5406:
5395:
3946:
3916:
3826:
3818:
3196:
2938:
2488:
5216:
5186:
5178:
5128:
5112:
3954:
3471:
3441:
3415:
3309:
2962:
2818:
2505:
842:
687:. Research based on immunodiffusion technique and comparison of protein and DNA sequences revealed the close relationships between pangolins and
5435:
5334:
5266:
5224:
4646:
4524:
4133:
3842:
3794:
3574:
3355:
3293:
3222:
3095:
3057:
2988:
2874:
926:
5380:
4662:
4540:
4516:
4332:
4016:
3986:
3900:
3659:
3519:
2946:
2930:
2898:
2842:
2385:"Introduction. Evolution of South American Mammalian Predators During the Cenozoic: Paleobiogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Contingencies"
5443:
5136:
5120:
4693:
4532:
4476:
4316:
4024:
3834:
3759:
3705:
3582:
3433:
3425:
3262:
2922:
2752:
2736:
1273:
1194:
1138:
1125:
1000:
948:
937:
869:
766:
754:
598:
5342:
5144:
4157:
3751:
3729:
3543:
3511:
3463:
3020:
2890:
2882:
2722:
2714:
2131:
Murphy WJ, Eizirik E, et al. (14 December 2001). "Resolution of the Early
Placental Mammal Radiation Using Bayesian Phylogenetics".
1091:
905:
748:
743:
579:
439:
4436:
4364:
4324:
4308:
3962:
3713:
3689:
3254:
3238:
3012:
915:
2253:
4735:
3503:
3479:
3158:
3111:
3073:
2826:
990:
2449:"The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian"
4206:
2402:, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya"
3613:
2548:
2269:
2052:
1561:
1499:
1889:"Phylogenomic Analysis Resolves the Interordinal Relationships and Rapid Diversification of the Laurasiatherian Mammals"
1644:"Phylogenomic analysis resolves the interordinal relationships and rapid diversification of the Laurasiatherian mammals"
1470:
McKenna, M. C. (1975). "Toward a phylogenetic classification of the
Mammalia". In Luckett, W. P.; Szalay, F. S. (eds.).
2518:
313:
5559:
2310:"Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)"
1527:
1789:
Springer, M.S.; Burk-Herrick, A.; Meredith, R.; Eizirik, E.; Teeling, E.; O'Brien, S.J.; Murphy, W.J. (2007).
4728:
2309:
2190:
17:
691:, with whom they also share a few unusual derived morphological and anatomical traits, such as the ossified
2519:"Diverse phylogenomic datasets uncover a concordant scenario of laurasiatherian interordinal relationships"
1790:
2541:
1591:
Beck, Robin MD; Bininda-Emonds, Olaf RP; Cardillo, Marcel; Liu, Fu-Guo; Purvis, Andy (13 November 2006).
1541:
2517:
Xue Lv, Jingyang Hu, Yiwen Hu, Yitian Li, Dongming Xu, Oliver A. Ryder, David M. Irwin, Li Yu (2021.)
726:(pangolins and their stem-relatives). However, recent studies have shown that Creodonta is an invalid
2264:
S. P. Zack and S. Tomiya (2016.) "New postcrania clarify the affinities of the unusual Eocene mammal
540:
4721:
1419:
1367:
532:. This appears to be a case of a possible evolutionary convergent adaptation toward similar diet.
136:
2448:
5521:
2384:
1331:"Pangolin genomes offer key insights and resources for the world’s most trafficked wild mammals"
5469:
2534:
1696:"Pegasoferae, an unexpected mammalian clade revealed by tracking ancient retroposon insertions"
1548:, Biodiversity of World: Conservation from Genes to Landscapes, Academic Press, pp. 5–23,
1381:
1330:
5531:
5516:
2397:
1302:
1261:. Mesonychians are proposed to be a sister group to carnivoramorphs, while arctocyonids were
2039:. NATO Advanced Science Institutes (ASI) Series. Boston, MA: Springer US. pp. 191–210.
2413:
2140:
2081:
1841:
1707:
704:
2003:
8:
4411:
4393:
692:
372:
2417:
2144:
2085:
1845:
1711:
664:. However, subsequent molecular studies have generally failed to support this proposal.
4861:
3085:
2470:
2429:
2366:
2226:
2164:
2113:
1967:
1913:
1888:
1887:
Zhou, Xuming; Xu, Shixia; Xu, Junxiao; Chen, Bingyao; Zhou, Kaiya; Yang, Guang (2011).
1864:
1829:
1730:
1695:
1670:
1648:
1643:
1619:
1592:
1567:
1553:
1431:
218:
131:
1986:
1791:"The adequacy of morphology for reconstructing the early history of placental mammals"
1445:
3395:
3387:
2474:
2433:
2358:
2231:
2213:
2156:
2105:
2097:
2048:
2016:
2008:
1959:
1938:"Phylogenomic analyses elucidate the evolutionary relationships of bats (Chiroptera)"
1918:
1869:
1810:
1771:
1735:
1675:
1624:
1571:
1557:
1495:
1449:
2465:
2370:
2168:
730:
taxon. Members of this group are now part of clade Pan-Carnivora and sister taxa to
5357:
5315:
4713:
3123:
2460:
2421:
2350:
2321:
2290:
2221:
2205:
2148:
2117:
2089:
2040:
1998:
1971:
1949:
1908:
1900:
1859:
1849:
1802:
1763:
1725:
1715:
1665:
1657:
1614:
1604:
1549:
1441:
1225:
mammals have been proposed to be possible members of Ferae, like members of orders
293:
2425:
484:
canine teeth that are usually large, conical, pointed, thick and stress resistant,
5507:
5159:
5089:
4798:
4787:
4745:
4094:
4082:
3495:
3208:
3133:
2798:
2651:
2526:
1854:
1156:
1044:
731:
723:
619:
According to recent studies, the closest relatives of Ferae are members of clade
496:
351:
2044:
1767:
1489:
714:
into Ferae, they were usually recovered as sister taxon to order
Carnivora. The
570:
449:
5554:
5423:
5255:
5038:
4908:
4682:
4006:
3890:
3453:
3321:
3230:
3178:
3166:
2808:
2594:
1830:"Robust Time Estimation Reconciles Views of the Antiquity of Placental Mammals"
1258:
1250:
1246:
896:
851:
641:
620:
410:
326:
2248:
S. P. Zack, K. D. Rose, M. O'Leary (2022.) "New information on the enimgmatic
1954:
1937:
1806:
5548:
5372:
5075:
4876:
4340:
4269:
3679:
3347:
3103:
2978:
2850:
2642:
2630:
2558:
2217:
2101:
2012:
1254:
1238:
1182:
629:
429:
73:
2446:
2152:
1904:
1720:
1661:
707:
of extant Ferae is supposed to have diversified c. 79.47 million years ago.
5492:
4998:
4987:
4636:
4624:
4614:
4586:
4552:
4502:
4492:
4348:
4261:
4032:
3924:
3908:
3721:
3379:
3371:
3301:
3246:
2362:
2235:
2160:
2109:
2069:
1963:
1922:
1873:
1814:
1775:
1739:
1679:
1628:
1609:
1453:
1262:
727:
500:
2020:
5501:
5300:
5289:
5232:
4895:
4887:
4824:
4444:
4238:
4214:
4117:
3994:
3978:
3487:
3065:
2858:
2834:
2781:
2744:
2672:
2609:
2588:
1307:
1234:
1212:
1114:
1082:
972:
887:
878:
833:
760:
739:
700:
657:
653:
640:
An alternate phylogeny holds that the closest relative to Ferae is order
634:
504:
458:
400:
380:
339:
335:
188:
48:
2294:
1987:"Mammalian phylogeny: comparison of morphological and molecular results"
1936:
Tsagkogeorga, G; Parker, J; Stupka, E; Cotton, JA; Rossiter, SJ (2013).
4920:
4654:
4578:
4570:
4562:
4463:
4403:
4386:
4230:
4179:
4169:
4149:
3936:
3880:
3867:
3782:
3527:
3363:
3339:
3270:
3028:
2996:
2693:
2603:
2070:"Parallel adaptive radiations in two major clades of placental mammals"
1279:
1230:
1226:
1065:
1055:
981:
860:
735:
661:
488:
478:
391:
110:
93:
58:
2354:
2209:
5274:
5095:
5025:
4602:
4594:
4375:
4277:
4141:
4054:
4044:
3741:
3697:
3331:
3188:
2866:
2508:, In book: "Mammals of Europe – Past, Present, and Future" (pp.31–48)
2093:
1285:
1267:
961:
813:
802:
722:
placentals found instead that creodonts might be the sister group to
719:
711:
688:
680:
553:
347:
148:
98:
42:
5463:
1342:
589:
5486:
4837:
4811:
4763:
4356:
4285:
4222:
3636:
3590:
2576:
2033:
1788:
1222:
1172:
823:
734:(carnivorans and their stem-relatives), split in two groups: order
696:
684:
676:
672:
667:
645:
624:
419:
376:
355:
331:
168:
114:
88:
83:
68:
63:
53:
1752:
4964:
4953:
4939:
4850:
4125:
3970:
3667:
2395:
2326:
718:
phylogenetic analysis of hundreds of morphological characters of
559:
103:
78:
2189:
Halliday, Thomas J. D.; Upchurch, Paul; Goswami, Anjali (2015).
1398:"Scientific names of mammal orders: from descriptive to uniform"
4769:
4757:
4452:
3767:
2582:
2570:
1420:"The Zoologist: a monthly journal of natural history. (Vol. 1)"
178:
158:
2506:"Mammalian Phylogenetics: A Short Overview of Recent Advances"
2130:
1935:
710:
While there has been strong support in the inclusion of order
305:
302:
1827:
1590:
2270:"The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 76th annual meeting"
2254:"The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 82nd annual meeting"
2191:"Resolving the relationships of Paleocene placental mammals"
474:
The common features for members of clade Pan-Carnivora are:
371:
The common feature for members of this mirorder is ossified
1400:
Visnyk of Lviv
University, Biology series, Is. 48. P. 33-43
548:
27:
A clade of mammals consisting of carnivorans and pholidotes
1693:
1539:
1293:, even though recent studies dispute this classification.
2447:
Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020).
1290:
649:
2280:
123:
2188:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
495:
Carnassials are feature that allows distinguishing the
1213:
Alternative classification and possible fossil members
2067:
314:
299:
4743:
2175:
1465:
1463:
2521:, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 157
1684:(Advance Access; published online 7 September 2011)
1593:"A higher-level MRP supertree of placental mammals"
296:
2556:
1491:Classification of Mammals: Above the Species Level
2440:
1460:
1277:as a sister taxa to pantodonts and periptychids,
781:Former classification (McKenna & Bell, 1997):
675:were long thought to be the closest relatives of
5546:
4948:
2383:Prevosti, F. J., & Forasiepi, A. M. (2018).
1425:
668:Position of pangolins and creodonts within clade
547:Comparison of carnassial teeth of a carnivoran (
1700:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
609:
2806:
2487:J. J. Flynn, A. R. Wyss and M. Wolsan (2020.)
1386:(in German). Vol. T.3. Berlin: G. Reimer.
1324:
1322:
524:, and in Hyaenodonta and close relatives are M
4729:
2542:
2307:
1694:Nishihara, H.; Hasegawa, M; Okada, N (2006).
4500:
2641:
2396:Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019).
2377:
2340:
2334:
2308:Borths, Matthew R; Stevens, Nancy J (2017).
1886:
2301:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1487:
1319:
656:, and Pegasoferae is sister taxon to order
4736:
4722:
3878:
2549:
2535:
2498:
2389:
2274:
1494:. Columbia University Press. p. 631.
1483:
1481:
481:teeth that are sharp and for cutting meat,
361:
122:
2481:
2464:
2325:
2225:
2002:
1953:
1912:
1863:
1853:
1729:
1719:
1669:
1618:
1608:
1526:Floréal Solé & Thierry Smith (2013.)
614:
469:
2037:Evolutionary Relationships among Rodents
1984:
1641:
1515:
738:on one side and on the other side order
2511:
1478:
1469:
1379:
1368:"Generelle Morphologie der Organismen."
14:
5547:
1542:"Chapter 1 – Evolution and morphology"
1383:Systematische Phylogenie: Wirbelthiere
1005:(Schmidt-Kittler & Heizmann, 1991)
5468:
5467:
4717:
4080:
3864:
2778:
2628:
2530:
2004:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040389
1756:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1434:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
742:plus its stem-relatives, like family
648:. Together, clade Zooamata and order
325:
1488:McKenna, M. C.; Bell, S. K. (1997).
683:, forming to the now obsolete order
366:
4081:
1474:. New York: Plenum. pp. 21–46.
1343:"'Ferae' – The Linnean Collections"
24:
2406:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1554:10.1016/b978-0-12-815507-3.00001-0
25:
5571:
3865:
2629:
2252:and the affinities of genus", in
633:). Together they form grandorder
2779:
1050:(carnivorans and stem-relatives)
1036:(Flynn, Wyss & Wolsan, 2020)
588:
569:
539:
448:
428:
409:
390:
350:and their fossil relatives) and
292:
253:(Kalandadze & Rautian, 1992)
135:
46:
2495:In book: Phylonyms (pp.979–982)
2466:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13
2258:
2242:
2124:
2061:
2027:
1991:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1978:
1929:
1880:
1821:
1782:
1746:
1687:
1635:
1584:
1533:
1530:Geologica Belgica 16/4: 254–261
1642:Zhou, X.; et al. (2011).
1412:
1403:
1390:
1373:
1360:
1335:
644:, with whom they form a clade
623:(group that includes mirorder
342:, that groups together clades
13:
1:
2426:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222
1446:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00118-0
1313:
1221:various enigmatic Palaeocene
358:and their fossil relatives).
1855:10.1371/journal.pone.0000384
953:(Fox & Youzwyshyn, 1994)
610:Classification and phylogeny
7:
2343:Evolution & Development
2045:10.1007/978-1-4899-0539-0_7
1985:Shoshani, J. (1 May 1986).
1768:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.10.002
1296:
773:
10:
5576:
2314:Palaeontologia Electronica
837:(Scott & Jepsen, 1936)
746:(that only contains genus
5476:
5420:
5390:
5352:
5328:
5310:
5284:
5250:
5196:
5172:
5154:
5106:
5084:
5070:
5035:
5019:
5008:
4982:
4934:
4905:
4871:
4846:
4833:
4820:
4807:
4796:
4752:
4680:
4634:
4612:
4550:
4510:
4490:
4462:
4427:
4401:
4385:
4374:
4302:
4295:
4252:
4189:
4167:
4111:
4104:
4093:
4089:
4076:
4042:
4004:
3934:
3888:
3874:
3860:
3781:
3739:
3677:
3646:
3623:
3600:
3568:
3561:
3451:
3413:
3319:
3280:
3216:
3206:
3176:
3141:
3131:
3121:
3083:
3051:
3042:
2976:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2774:
2730:
2712:
2691:
2670:
2650:
2637:
2624:
2565:
2289:(Supplement S82): 1–115.
1955:10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.014
1807:10.1080/10635150701491149
1472:Phylogeny of the Primates
758:and clade made of genera
224:
217:
213:
208:
132:Scientific classification
130:
121:
34:
5362:(paraphyletic subfamily)
5164:(paraphyletic subfamily)
1597:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1396:Zagorodniuk, I. (2008.)
1048:(Wyss & Flynn, 1993)
784:Current classification:
703:bones in the wrist. The
2400:Simbakubwa kutokaafrika
2283:Journal of Paleontology
2153:10.1126/science.1067179
1721:10.1073/pnas.0603797103
1422:, London, J. Van Voorst
1380:Haeckel, Ernst (1895).
1366:Haeckel, Ernst (1866.)
516:, in Oxyaenodonta are M
362:General characteristics
5560:Mammal unranked clades
1610:10.1186/1471-2148-6-93
1418:Edward Newman (1843.)
1219:Halliday et al. (2015)
716:Halliday et al. (2015)
695:and the fusion of the
615:Sister groups to Ferae
470:In clade Pan-Carnivora
375:and the fusion of the
330:, "wild beasts") is a
5517:Paleobiology Database
5320:(paraphyletic family)
4428:other representatives
3562:other representatives
2504:Frank Zachos (2020.)
1905:10.1093/sysbio/syr089
1662:10.1093/sysbio/syr089
1370:Berlin: Georg Reimer.
1303:Mammal classification
401:Patriomanis americana
265:(Amrine-Madsen, 2003)
968:(false carnivorans)
705:last common ancestor
487:and presence of the
383:bones in the wrist.
5396:Propalaeanodontinae
2418:2019JVPal..39E0222B
2295:10.1017/jpa.2020.74
2145:2001Sci...294.2348M
2139:(5550): 2348–2351.
2086:2001Natur.409..610M
1846:2007PLoSO...2..384K
1712:2006PNAS..103.9929N
693:tentorium cerebelli
557:) and an oxyaenid (
551:), a hyaenodontid (
373:tentorium cerebelli
247:(Zagorodniuk, 2008)
3086:Indohyaenodontidae
2198:Biological Reviews
1893:Systematic Biology
1795:Systematic Biology
1649:Systematic Biology
1347:linnean-online.org
1130:(Gheerbrant, 1995)
627:and extinct genus
420:Vulpavus profectus
5542:
5541:
5470:Taxon identifiers
5461:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5416:
5415:
5363:
5321:
5246:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5165:
5099:
5066:
5065:
5062:
5061:
4978:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4930:
4929:
4859:See in template:
4744:Mammals of clade
4711:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4676:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4486:
4485:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4248:
4247:
4072:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4063:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3777:
3776:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3038:
3037:
3005:Minimovellentodon
2972:
2971:
2915:Paracynohyaenodon
2770:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2557:Mammals of clade
2493:, new clade name"
2355:10.1111/ede.12219
2210:10.1111/brv.12242
2080:(6820): 610–614.
2054:978-1-4899-0539-0
1948:(22): 2262–2267.
1563:978-0-12-815507-3
1501:978-0-231-52853-5
1210:
1209:
1095:(Gingerich, 1981)
1086:(Van Valen, 1967)
1060:(Van Valen, 1971)
942:(Van Valen, 1966)
909:(Gingerich, 1981)
599:Simidectes medius
580:Wyolestes dioctes
459:Patriofelis ferox
367:In mirorder Ferae
336:placental mammals
327:[ˈfɛrae̯]
285:
284:
228:list of synonyms:
204:
16:(Redirected from
5567:
5535:
5534:
5525:
5524:
5512:
5511:
5510:
5497:
5496:
5495:
5465:
5464:
5361:
5358:Metacheiromyinae
5326:
5325:
5319:
5316:Metacheiromyidae
5290:Escavadodontidae
5170:
5169:
5163:
5104:
5103:
5093:
5082:
5081:
5017:
5016:
4946:
4945:
4844:
4843:
4831:
4830:
4818:
4817:
4805:
4804:
4738:
4731:
4724:
4715:
4714:
4508:
4507:
4498:
4497:
4383:
4382:
4300:
4299:
4109:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4091:
4090:
4078:
4077:
3886:
3885:
3876:
3875:
3862:
3861:
3566:
3565:
3214:
3213:
3139:
3138:
3129:
3128:
3124:Hyainailouroidea
3049:
3048:
2804:
2803:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2776:
2775:
2648:
2647:
2639:
2638:
2626:
2625:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2515:
2509:
2502:
2496:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2468:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2278:
2272:
2262:
2256:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2229:
2195:
2186:
2173:
2172:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2094:10.1038/35054544
2065:
2059:
2058:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2006:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1957:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1916:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1867:
1857:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1733:
1723:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1673:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1622:
1612:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1537:
1531:
1524:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1485:
1476:
1475:
1467:
1458:
1457:
1429:
1423:
1416:
1410:
1407:
1401:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1377:
1371:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1339:
1333:
1326:
1243:Didelphodontidae
1199:
1188:(stem-pangolins)
1187:
1177:
1162:
1144:
1131:
1120:
1096:
1087:
1070:
1061:
1049:
1037:
1025:
1024:(Linnaeus, 1758)
1006:
995:
986:
977:
967:
954:
943:
932:
921:
910:
901:
892:
883:
874:
865:
856:
847:
838:
828:
819:
807:
798:
797:(Linnaeus, 1758)
778:
777:
592:
573:
543:
489:carnassial teeth
452:
440:Thinocyon medius
432:
413:
394:
329:
324:
317:
312:
311:
308:
307:
304:
301:
298:
278:
272:
266:
260:
254:
251:Carnivoramorpha
248:
242:
236:
202:
140:
139:
126:
108:
45:
38:Temporal range:
32:
31:
21:
5575:
5574:
5570:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5565:
5564:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5530:
5528:
5520:
5515:
5506:
5505:
5500:
5491:
5490:
5485:
5472:
5462:
5449:
5427:
5412:
5398:
5393:
5386:
5364:
5360:
5355:
5348:
5322:
5318:
5313:
5306:
5292:
5287:
5280:
5258:
5253:
5238:
5208:
5206:
5192:
5166:
5162:
5160:Epoicotheriinae
5157:
5150:
5100:
5092:
5090:Epoicotheriidae
5087:
5078:
5073:
5058:
5050:Pholidota sp. (
5042:
5031:
5013:
5012:representatives
5011:
5004:
4990:
4988:Eurotamanduidae
4985:
4970:
4956:
4951:
4942:
4937:
4926:
4912:
4901:
4879:
4874:
4867:
4853:
4849:
4840:
4836:
4827:
4823:
4814:
4810:
4801:
4799:Pholidotamorpha
4792:
4788:Pholidotamorpha
4748:
4746:Pholidotamorpha
4742:
4712:
4699:
4668:
4630:
4608:
4546:
4482:
4468:Carnivoraformes
4467:
4458:
4415:
4397:
4378:
4370:
4291:
4244:
4185:
4163:
4097:
4095:Carnivoraformes
4085:
4083:Carnivoramorpha
4060:
4038:
4000:
3930:
3870:
3848:
3811:Sarcotherichnus
3803:Dischidodacylus
3785:
3773:
3735:
3673:
3642:
3619:
3596:
3549:
3536:Paratritemnodon
3496:Ekweeconfractus
3447:
3401:
3315:
3276:
3209:Hyainailourinae
3202:
3172:
3134:Hyainailouridae
3117:
3079:
3044:
3034:
2968:
2955:Protoproviverra
2907:Paenoxyaenoides
2799:Hyaenodontoidea
2784:
2758:
2726:
2708:
2687:
2666:
2661:Carnivoramorpha
2652:Carnivoramorpha
2633:
2620:
2561:
2555:
2525:
2516:
2512:
2503:
2499:
2486:
2482:
2459:(13): 185–214.
2445:
2441:
2412:(1): e1570222.
2394:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2339:
2335:
2306:
2302:
2279:
2275:
2263:
2259:
2247:
2243:
2193:
2187:
2176:
2129:
2125:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2032:
2028:
1983:
1979:
1942:Current Biology
1934:
1930:
1885:
1881:
1826:
1822:
1787:
1783:
1751:
1747:
1706:(26): 9929–34.
1692:
1688:
1640:
1636:
1589:
1585:
1576:
1574:
1564:
1538:
1534:
1525:
1516:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1486:
1479:
1468:
1461:
1430:
1426:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1395:
1391:
1378:
1374:
1365:
1361:
1351:
1349:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1327:
1320:
1316:
1299:
1237:, and families
1215:
1206:
1198:(McKenna, 1975)
1197:
1186:(Matthew, 1918)
1185:
1175:
1160:
1157:Pholidotamorpha
1142:
1129:
1118:
1094:
1085:
1068:
1059:
1047:
1045:Carnivoramorpha
1035:
1023:
1013:
1004:
994:(Crochet, 1988)
993:
984:
975:
965:
952:
941:
931:(Cifelli, 1990)
930:
919:
908:
899:
890:
881:
873:(McKenna, 1975)
872:
863:
854:
846:(McKenna, 1975)
845:
836:
826:
818:(McKenna, 1975)
817:
806:(Bowdich, 1821)
805:
796:
776:
732:Carnivoramorpha
724:Pholidotamorpha
670:
617:
612:
607:
606:
605:
604:
603:
602:
593:
585:
584:
583:
574:
566:
565:
564:
544:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
497:Carnivoramorpha
472:
467:
466:
465:
464:
463:
462:
453:
445:
444:
443:
437:
433:
425:
424:
423:
414:
406:
405:
404:
395:
369:
364:
352:Pholidotamorpha
346:(that includes
322:
315:
295:
291:
281:
277:(Haeckel, 1895)
276:
270:
264:
258:
252:
246:
241:(Haeckel, 1895)
240:
235:(Haeckel, 1866)
234:
230:
229:
201:
134:
117:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5573:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5536:
5526:
5513:
5498:
5482:
5480:
5474:
5473:
5459:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5447:
5439:
5430:
5428:
5424:Incertae sedis
5421:
5418:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5407:Propalaeanodon
5401:
5399:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5376:
5367:
5365:
5353:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5346:
5338:
5329:
5323:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5295:
5293:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5270:
5261:
5259:
5256:Ernanodontidae
5251:
5248:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5228:
5220:
5211:
5209:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5182:
5173:
5167:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5140:
5132:
5124:
5116:
5107:
5101:
5085:
5079:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5056:
5045:
5043:
5039:Incertae sedis
5036:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5020:
5014:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5002:
4993:
4991:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4959:
4957:
4949:
4943:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4915:
4913:
4909:Incertae sedis
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4891:
4882:
4880:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4856:
4854:
4847:
4841:
4834:
4828:
4821:
4815:
4808:
4802:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4781:
4772:
4766:
4760:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4741:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4718:
4709:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4688:
4686:
4683:Incertae sedis
4678:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4658:
4650:
4641:
4639:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4619:
4617:
4615:Ictidopappinae
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4598:
4590:
4582:
4574:
4566:
4557:
4555:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4536:
4528:
4520:
4511:
4505:
4495:
4488:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4471:
4469:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4448:
4440:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4409:
4407:
4399:
4398:
4391:
4389:
4380:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4360:
4352:
4344:
4336:
4328:
4320:
4312:
4303:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4281:
4273:
4265:
4256:
4254:
4250:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4234:
4226:
4218:
4210:
4201:
4199:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4174:
4172:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4153:
4145:
4137:
4129:
4121:
4112:
4106:
4099:
4087:
4086:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4049:
4047:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4028:
4020:
4011:
4009:
4007:Palaeonictinae
4002:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3990:
3982:
3974:
3966:
3958:
3950:
3947:Argillotherium
3941:
3939:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3920:
3917:Isphanatherium
3912:
3904:
3895:
3893:
3891:Machaeroidinae
3883:
3872:
3871:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3838:
3830:
3827:Hyaenodontipus
3822:
3819:Zanclonychopus
3814:
3806:
3798:
3789:
3787:
3786:of Hyaenodonta
3779:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3763:
3755:
3746:
3744:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3725:
3717:
3709:
3701:
3693:
3684:
3682:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3663:
3654:
3652:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3631:
3629:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3608:
3606:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3586:
3578:
3569:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3539:
3531:
3523:
3515:
3507:
3499:
3491:
3483:
3475:
3467:
3458:
3456:
3454:Teratodontinae
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3437:
3429:
3420:
3418:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3391:
3383:
3375:
3367:
3359:
3351:
3343:
3335:
3326:
3324:
3322:Hyainailourini
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3305:
3297:
3288:
3286:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3266:
3258:
3250:
3242:
3234:
3231:Megistotherium
3226:
3217:
3211:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3197:Quasiapterodon
3192:
3183:
3181:
3179:Apterodontinae
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3167:Orienspterodon
3162:
3153:
3151:
3148:Orienspterodon
3136:
3126:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3107:
3099:
3090:
3088:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3069:
3061:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3024:
3016:
3008:
3000:
2992:
2983:
2981:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2958:
2950:
2942:
2939:Prodissopsalis
2934:
2926:
2918:
2910:
2902:
2894:
2886:
2878:
2870:
2862:
2854:
2846:
2838:
2830:
2822:
2813:
2811:
2809:Hyaenodontidae
2801:
2786:
2785:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2748:
2740:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2719:
2717:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2698:
2696:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2677:
2675:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2656:
2654:
2645:
2635:
2634:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2597:
2595:Laurasiatheria
2591:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2554:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2531:
2524:
2523:
2510:
2497:
2480:
2439:
2388:
2376:
2333:
2300:
2273:
2257:
2241:
2204:(1): 521–550.
2174:
2123:
2060:
2053:
2026:
1997:(3): 222–242.
1977:
1928:
1899:(1): 150–164.
1879:
1820:
1801:(4): 673–684.
1781:
1762:(3): 827–837.
1745:
1686:
1634:
1583:
1562:
1532:
1514:
1500:
1477:
1459:
1440:(2): 225–240.
1424:
1411:
1402:
1389:
1372:
1359:
1334:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1298:
1295:
1265:, with genera
1259:Triisodontidae
1251:Palaeoryctidae
1247:Nyctitheriidae
1214:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1179:
1161:(Gaudin, 2009)
1149:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1121:
1097:
1088:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1051:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1007:
996:
989:"Subfamily:" †
987:
978:
973:Hyaenodontidae
957:
956:
955:
944:
933:
922:
911:
904:"Subfamily:" †
902:
897:Palaeoryctidae
893:
884:
875:
866:
857:
848:
839:
830:
809:
789:
786:
785:
782:
775:
772:
669:
666:
642:Perissodactyla
621:Pan-Euungulata
616:
613:
611:
608:
595:
594:
587:
586:
577:Lower jaws of
576:
575:
568:
567:
546:
545:
538:
537:
536:
535:
534:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
493:
492:
485:
482:
471:
468:
455:
454:
447:
446:
435:
434:
427:
426:
416:
415:
408:
407:
397:
396:
389:
388:
387:
386:
385:
368:
365:
363:
360:
338:in grandorder
283:
282:
280:
279:
273:
271:(Newman, 1843)
267:
261:
259:(Newman, 1843)
255:
249:
243:
237:
227:
226:
225:
222:
221:
215:
214:
211:
210:
206:
205:
203:Linnaeus, 1758
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
128:
127:
119:
118:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
37:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5572:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5533:
5527:
5523:
5518:
5514:
5509:
5503:
5499:
5494:
5488:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5466:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5438:
5437:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5419:
5409:
5408:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5389:
5383:
5382:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5373:Metacheiromys
5369:
5368:
5366:
5359:
5351:
5345:
5344:
5339:
5337:
5336:
5331:
5330:
5327:
5324:
5317:
5309:
5303:
5302:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5283:
5277:
5276:
5271:
5269:
5268:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5249:
5235:
5234:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5221:
5219:
5218:
5217:Epoicotherium
5213:
5212:
5210:
5205:
5201:
5200:Epoicotherium
5195:
5189:
5188:
5187:Tetrapassalus
5183:
5181:
5180:
5179:Pentapassalus
5175:
5174:
5171:
5168:
5161:
5153:
5147:
5146:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5129:Auroratherium
5125:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5115:
5114:
5113:Alocodontulum
5109:
5108:
5105:
5102:
5097:
5091:
5083:
5080:
5077:
5076:Palaeanodonta
5069:
5055:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5034:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5021:
5018:
5015:
5007:
5001:
5000:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4981:
4967:
4966:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4947:
4944:
4941:
4933:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4904:
4898:
4897:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4877:Patriomanidae
4870:
4864:
4863:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4845:
4842:
4839:
4832:
4829:
4826:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4806:
4803:
4800:
4795:
4789:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4754:
4751:
4747:
4739:
4734:
4732:
4727:
4725:
4720:
4719:
4716:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4633:
4627:
4626:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4583:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4493:Viverravoidea
4489:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4465:
4461:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4413:
4408:
4406:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4341:Procynodictis
4337:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4298:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4270:Palaearctonyx
4266:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4241:
4240:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4193:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4170:Quercygalidae
4166:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4079:
4075:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3955:Dipsalidictis
3951:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3859:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3680:Limnocyonidae
3676:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3472:Brychotherium
3468:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3442:Thereutherium
3438:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3416:Prionogalidae
3412:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3348:Hyainailouros
3344:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3310:Ischnognathus
3306:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3104:Indohyaenodon
3100:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3043:†Afro‑Arabian
3041:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2979:Proviverridae
2975:
2965:
2964:
2963:Quercytherium
2959:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2851:Cynohyaenodon
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2819:Alienetherium
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2773:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2718:
2716:
2711:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2690:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2669:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2643:Pan-Carnivora
2640:
2636:
2632:
2631:Pan-Carnivora
2627:
2623:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2559:Pan-Carnivora
2552:
2547:
2545:
2540:
2538:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2520:
2514:
2507:
2501:
2494:
2492:
2491:Pan-Carnivora
2484:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2453:Geodiversitas
2450:
2443:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2337:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2277:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2064:
2056:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2030:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1883:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1824:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1749:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1690:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1656:(1): 150–64.
1655:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1503:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1484:
1482:
1473:
1466:
1464:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1415:
1406:
1399:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1376:
1369:
1363:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1325:
1323:
1318:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1255:Periptychidae
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1239:Arctocyonidae
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1183:Palaeanodonta
1180:
1176:(Weber, 1904)
1174:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1150:
1143:(Stock, 1933)
1141:
1140:
1135:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:(unranked): †
1098:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1075:(unranked): †
1074:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1033:Pan-Carnivora
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1003:
1002:
997:
992:
988:
983:
979:
976:(Leidy, 1869)
974:
970:
969:
964:
963:
958:
951:
950:
945:
940:
939:
934:
929:
928:
923:
918:
917:
912:
907:
903:
900:(Winge, 1917)
898:
894:
891:(Marsh, 1875)
889:
885:
880:
876:
871:
867:
862:
858:
853:
849:
844:
843:Didelphodonta
840:
835:
831:
827:(Weber, 1904)
825:
821:
820:
816:
815:
810:
808:(carnivorans)
804:
800:
799:
795:
791:
790:
788:
787:
783:
780:
779:
771:
769:
768:
763:
762:
757:
756:
751:
750:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
665:
663:
660:within clade
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
638:
636:
632:
631:
630:Protungulatum
626:
622:
601:
600:
596:Lower jaw of
591:
582:
581:
572:
562:
561:
556:
555:
550:
542:
533:
506:
502:
498:
490:
486:
483:
480:
477:
476:
475:
461:
460:
451:
442:
441:
431:
422:
421:
412:
403:
402:
393:
384:
382:
378:
374:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
344:Pan-Carnivora
341:
337:
333:
328:
320:
319:
310:
289:
274:
268:
262:
256:
250:
244:
238:
232:
231:
223:
220:
216:
212:
207:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
138:
133:
129:
125:
120:
116:
112:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
44:
41:79.47–0
33:
30:
19:
18:Pan-Carnivora
5477:
5442:
5436:Arcticanodon
5434:
5422:
5405:
5379:
5371:
5341:
5335:Brachianodon
5333:
5299:
5273:
5267:Asiabradypus
5265:
5231:
5225:Molaetherium
5223:
5215:
5203:
5199:
5185:
5177:
5143:
5135:
5127:
5119:
5111:
5096:paraphyletic
5051:
5037:
5024:
4999:Eurotamandua
4997:
4963:
4936:Superfamily:
4919:
4907:
4894:
4886:
4860:
4835:Superfamily:
4783:
4778:
4774:
4692:
4681:
4661:
4653:
4647:Simpsonictis
4645:
4637:Viverravinae
4625:Ictidopappus
4623:
4601:
4593:
4587:Pristinictis
4585:
4577:
4569:
4561:
4553:Didymictinae
4539:
4531:
4525:Pappictidops
4523:
4515:
4503:Viverravidae
4475:
4451:
4443:
4435:
4402:
4363:
4355:
4349:Prodaphaenus
4347:
4339:
4331:
4323:
4315:
4307:
4284:
4276:
4268:
4262:Dormaalocyon
4260:
4237:
4229:
4221:
4213:
4205:
4195:
4191:
4178:
4156:
4148:
4140:
4134:Simamphicyon
4132:
4124:
4116:
4053:
4045:Tytthaeninae
4033:Palaeonictis
4031:
4023:
4015:
3993:
3985:
3977:
3969:
3961:
3953:
3945:
3925:Machaeroides
3923:
3915:
3909:Diegoaelurus
3907:
3899:
3868:Oxyaenodonta
3843:Sarjeantipes
3841:
3833:
3825:
3817:
3809:
3801:
3795:Creodontipus
3793:
3766:
3758:
3750:
3728:
3722:Prolimnocyon
3720:
3712:
3704:
3696:
3688:
3666:
3658:
3648:
3635:
3625:
3612:
3602:
3589:
3581:
3575:Eoproviverra
3573:
3542:
3534:
3526:
3518:
3510:
3502:
3494:
3486:
3478:
3470:
3462:
3440:
3432:
3424:
3394:
3386:
3380:Isohyaenodon
3378:
3372:Sivapterodon
3370:
3362:
3356:Parapterodon
3354:
3346:
3338:
3330:
3308:
3302:Hemipsalodon
3300:
3294:Akhnatenavus
3292:
3283:Akhnatenavus
3282:
3269:
3261:
3253:
3247:Metapterodon
3245:
3237:
3229:
3223:Leakitherium
3221:
3195:
3187:
3165:
3157:
3147:
3143:
3110:
3102:
3096:Glibzegdouia
3094:
3072:
3064:
3058:Parvavorodon
3056:
3027:
3019:
3011:
3003:
2995:
2989:Allopterodon
2987:
2961:
2953:
2945:
2937:
2929:
2921:
2913:
2905:
2897:
2889:
2881:
2875:Leonhardtina
2873:
2865:
2857:
2849:
2841:
2833:
2825:
2817:
2751:
2743:
2735:
2721:
2703:Oxyaenodonta
2702:
2694:Oxyaenodonta
2681:
2660:
2615:
2608:Grandorder:
2599:
2593:Superorder:
2587:Infraclass:
2513:
2500:
2490:
2483:
2456:
2452:
2442:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2391:
2379:
2349:(2): 56–68.
2346:
2342:
2336:
2327:10.26879/776
2317:
2313:
2303:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2265:
2260:
2249:
2244:
2201:
2197:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2077:
2073:
2063:
2036:
2029:
1994:
1990:
1980:
1945:
1941:
1931:
1896:
1892:
1882:
1837:
1833:
1823:
1798:
1794:
1784:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1703:
1699:
1689:
1653:
1647:
1637:
1600:
1596:
1586:
1575:, retrieved
1545:
1535:
1507:16 September
1505:. Retrieved
1490:
1471:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1414:
1405:
1392:
1382:
1375:
1362:
1350:. Retrieved
1346:
1337:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1263:polyphyletic
1218:
1216:
1166:
1165:(unranked):
1155:
1151:
1137:
1124:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1076:
1069:(Cope, 1877)
1056:Oxyaenodonta
1054:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1020:
999:
985:(Cope, 1877)
966:(Cope, 1875)
960:
947:
936:
927:Avitotherium
925:
914:
882:(Cope, 1876)
864:(Cope, 1873)
855:(Ding, 1987)
812:
793:
792:Grandorder:
765:
759:
753:
747:
736:Oxyaenodonta
728:polyphyletic
715:
709:
671:
658:Artiodactyla
639:
628:
618:
597:
578:
558:
552:
501:Oxyaenodonta
494:
473:
457:
456:Forefoot of
438:
418:
417:Forefoot of
399:
398:Forefoot of
370:
343:
287:
286:
275:Sarcotheria
198:
185:Grandorder:
29:
5502:Wikispecies
5381:Palaeanodon
5301:Escavadodon
5233:Xenocranium
5204:Xenocranium
4896:Patriomanis
4888:Cryptomanis
4825:Eupholidota
4663:Viverriscus
4541:Variviverra
4517:Orientictis
4445:Dawsonicyon
4379:(Clade "E")
4333:Neovulpavus
4239:Paroodectes
4215:Gracilocyon
4192:Gracilocyon
4118:Messelogale
4098:(Clade "A")
4017:Ambloctonus
3995:Sarkastodon
3987:Protopsalis
3979:Patriofelis
3901:Apataelurus
3660:Boualitomus
3520:Masrasector
3488:Dissopsalis
3066:Tritemnodon
2947:Propterodon
2931:Preregidens
2899:Oxyaenoides
2859:Eurotherium
2843:Consobrinus
2835:Cartierodon
2782:Hyaenodonta
2745:Altacreodus
2715:Wyolestidae
2682:Hyaenodonta
2673:Hyaenodonta
2610:Ferungulata
2589:Placentalia
1840:(4): e384.
1577:26 February
1352:26 February
1308:Ferungulata
1235:Taeniodonta
1178:(pangolins)
1119:(Fox, 2015)
1115:Altacreodus
1102:Altacreodus
1092:Wyolestidae
1083:Hyaenodonta
1077:Hyaenodonta
920:(Fox, 1989)
906:Wyolestinae
888:Tillodontia
886:Suborder: †
879:Taeniodonta
877:Suborder: †
868:Suborder: †
859:Suborder: †
852:Ernanodonta
850:Suborder: †
841:Suborder: †
834:Apatotheria
832:Suborder: †
829:(pangolins)
761:Altacreodus
744:Wyolestidae
740:Hyaenodonta
689:carnivorans
681:xenarthrans
654:Pegasoferae
652:form clade
635:Ferungulata
505:Hyaenodonta
436:Forefoot of
348:carnivorans
340:Ferungulata
263:Ostentoria
189:Ferungulata
5549:Categories
5444:Melaniella
5392:Subfamily:
5354:Subfamily:
5156:Subfamily:
5137:Dipassalus
5121:Amelotabes
4940:Eomanoidea
4921:Necromanis
4694:Ravenictis
4655:Viverravus
4579:Intyrictis
4571:Didymictis
4563:Bryanictis
4533:Preonictis
4477:Falcatipes
4412:Feliformia
4404:Feliformia
4394:Caniformia
4387:Caniformia
4317:Harpalodon
4231:Paramiacis
4180:Quercygale
4150:Xinyuictis
4025:Dipsalodon
3937:Oxyaeninae
3881:Oxyaenidae
3835:Quiritipes
3760:Prototomus
3706:Oxyaenodon
3583:Gazinocyon
3528:Metasinopa
3434:Prionogale
3426:Namasector
3364:Sectisodon
3340:Falcatodon
3271:Simbakubwa
3263:Paroxyaena
3029:Proviverra
2997:Lesmesodon
2923:Praecodens
2753:Tinerhodon
2737:Simidectes
2614:Mirorder:
2604:Scrotifera
2320:(3): 55A.
2266:Simidectes
1314:References
1291:Chiroptera
1280:Goniacodon
1274:Loxolophus
1231:Pantodonta
1227:Mesonychia
1195:Pantolesta
1139:Simidectes
1126:Tinerhodon
1106:Tinerhodon
1066:Oxyaenidae
1019:Mirorder:
1001:Prionogale
991:Koholiinae
982:Oxyaenidae
949:Ravenictis
938:Pararyctes
870:Pantolesta
861:Pantodonta
822:Suborder:
767:Tinerhodon
755:Simidectes
662:Scrotifera
650:Chiroptera
625:Euungulata
479:heterodont
245:Carnivora
239:Carnassia
209:Subgroups
195:Mirorder:
111:Cretaceous
5343:Mylanodon
5275:Ernanodon
5145:Tubulodon
5026:Euromanis
4954:Eomanidae
4822:Suborder:
4812:Pholidota
4756:Kingdom:
4603:Raphictis
4595:Protictis
4464:ichnotaxa
4376:Carnivora
4296:Clade "D"
4278:Vassacyon
4253:Clade "C"
4158:Zodiocyon
4142:Uintacyon
4105:Clade "B"
4055:Tytthaena
3783:ichnotaxa
3752:Acarictis
3742:Sinopidae
3730:Thinocyon
3698:Limnocyon
3544:Teratodon
3512:Kyawdawia
3464:Anasinopa
3332:Exiguodon
3189:Apterodon
3021:Parvagula
2891:Neosinopa
2883:Matthodon
2867:Hyaenodon
2723:Wyolestes
2569:Kingdom:
2475:219585388
2434:145972918
2250:Wyolestes
2218:1464-7931
2102:1476-4687
2013:0737-4038
1603:(1): 93.
1572:214085088
1546:Pangolins
1286:Eoconodon
1268:Arctocyon
1223:eutherian
1173:Pholidota
1167:Pholidota
1090:Family: †
1064:Family: †
980:Family: †
971:Family: †
962:Creodonta
895:Family: †
824:Pholidota
814:Cimolesta
803:Carnivora
752:), genus
749:Wyolestes
720:Paleocene
712:Creodonta
673:Pangolins
554:Hyaenodon
356:pangolins
233:Carnaria
155:Kingdom:
149:Eukaryota
5487:Wikidata
5052:BC 16’08
4838:Manoidea
4770:Mammalia
4764:Chordata
4762:Phylum:
4758:Animalia
4437:Africtis
4365:Walshius
4357:Tapocyon
4325:Lycarion
4309:Ceruttia
4286:Vulpavus
4223:Oodectes
4196:Oodectes
3963:Malfelis
3714:Prolaena
3690:Iridodon
3637:Galecyon
3626:Galecyon
3591:Pyrocyon
3396:Pterodon
3388:Kerberos
3255:Pakakali
3239:Mlanyama
3013:Morlodon
2583:Mammalia
2577:Chordata
2575:Phylum:
2571:Animalia
2371:46774007
2363:28181377
2236:28075073
2169:34367609
2161:11743200
2110:11214318
1964:24184098
1923:21900649
1874:17440620
1834:PLOS ONE
1815:17661234
1776:17101283
1740:16785431
1680:21900649
1629:17101039
1454:12878460
1297:See also
1193:Order: †
1181:Order: †
1136:Genus: †
1123:Genus: †
1112:Genus: †
1081:Order: †
1053:Order: †
998:Genus: †
959:Order: †
946:Genus: †
935:Genus: †
924:Genus: †
916:Alostera
913:Genus: †
774:Taxonomy
697:scaphoid
685:Edentata
677:aardvark
646:Zooamata
377:scaphoid
332:mirorder
269:Rapacia
219:Synonyms
179:Mammalia
169:Chordata
165:Phylum:
159:Animalia
145:Domain:
5532:5720232
5312:Family:
5286:Family:
5252:Family:
5098:family)
5086:Family:
4984:Family:
4965:Eomanis
4950:Family:
4873:Family:
4862:Manidae
4851:Manidae
4848:Family:
4768:Class:
4126:Miocyon
3971:Oxyaena
3668:Lahimia
3649:Lahimia
3504:Furodon
3480:Buhakia
3159:Maocyon
3144:Maocyon
3112:Yarshea
3074:Koholia
2827:Boritia
2705:below ↓
2684:below ↓
2663:below ↓
2581:Class:
2414:Bibcode
2227:6849585
2141:Bibcode
2133:Science
2118:4398233
2082:Bibcode
2021:3127652
1972:9133016
1914:3243735
1865:1849890
1842:Bibcode
1731:1479866
1708:Bibcode
1671:3243735
1620:1654192
1171:Order:
811:Order:
801:Order:
560:Oxyaena
257:Ferina
175:Class:
115:present
5529:uBio:
5522:159623
5493:Q20868
5072:Order:
4809:Order:
4453:Miacis
4207:Eogale
3768:Sinopa
2473:
2432:
2369:
2361:
2268:", in
2234:
2224:
2216:
2167:
2159:
2116:
2108:
2100:
2074:Nature
2051:
2019:
2011:
1970:
1962:
1921:
1911:
1872:
1862:
1813:
1774:
1738:
1728:
1678:
1668:
1627:
1617:
1570:
1560:
1498:
1452:
701:lunate
381:lunate
323:Latin:
5555:Ferae
5508:Ferae
5478:Ferae
5207:clade
5010:other
4784:Clade
4779:Ferae
4775:Clade
4410:(See
4392:(See
4198:clade
3651:clade
3628:clade
3614:Arfia
3605:clade
3603:Arfia
3285:clade
3150:clade
3045:clade
2616:Ferae
2600:Clade
2471:S2CID
2430:S2CID
2367:S2CID
2194:(PDF)
2165:S2CID
2114:S2CID
1968:S2CID
1568:S2CID
1152:Clade
1108:clade
1041:Clade
1029:Clade
1021:Ferae
794:Ferae
528:and m
520:and m
512:and m
288:Ferae
199:Ferae
109:Late
35:Ferae
2701:See
2680:See
2659:See
2359:PMID
2232:PMID
2214:ISSN
2157:PMID
2106:PMID
2098:ISSN
2049:ISBN
2017:PMID
2009:ISSN
1960:PMID
1919:PMID
1870:PMID
1811:PMID
1772:PMID
1736:PMID
1676:PMID
1625:PMID
1579:2020
1558:ISBN
1509:2024
1496:ISBN
1450:PMID
1354:2020
1283:and
1271:and
1257:and
1233:and
764:and
699:and
679:and
549:wolf
503:and
379:and
316:FEER
49:PreꞒ
2461:doi
2422:doi
2351:doi
2322:doi
2291:doi
2222:PMC
2206:doi
2149:doi
2137:294
2090:doi
2078:409
2041:doi
1999:doi
1950:doi
1909:PMC
1901:doi
1860:PMC
1850:doi
1803:doi
1764:doi
1726:PMC
1716:doi
1704:103
1666:PMC
1658:doi
1615:PMC
1605:doi
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1442:doi
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334:of
318:-ee
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