1187:("From the Register of Gentle Ideas"), where he satirizes the Romanian public's reception of literature, Zarifopol looks into the problems faced by Cerna in satisfying his readers. Using one of Cerna's own accounts as the basis for this analysis, he notes that a group of his young "female admirers" where unpleasantly surprised to find out that their idol was "short, pudgy, wide-necked and ruddy-faced." He writes: "the girls ... were thus in full agreement with the philosophical tradition which, since the old days, has set as a supreme ideal a mosaic of perfections that is naive and unlikely."
349:, leaving his family behind. Consequently, Cerna never met his father. By Cerna's own account, his childhood was marked by acute poverty and social isolation: " told to tutor and learn in cold, unfriendly rooms. For a long time, we lived in a house on the outskirts, which was avoided by other men, since a rumor had spread that ghosts haunted its rooms. Can you imagine living in the middle of winter, without a fire on, with doors that barely close, with windows that are glued with paper? A person made of iron would still feel cold down to the bone."
284:
31:
862:
Cerna used in his poetry to be "unacceptable", and argued that they were characterized by banality. This assessment was itself contested by Călinescu, who argued that the lyrics in questions are "actually the acceptable ones", and that the awkward wordings "are entirely lost in lyrical fluency." Among the writings forming the subject of this disagreement was Cerna's
832:) sought to reconcile poetry and philosophy, thus creating a hybrid form of conceptual poetry. Eugen Lovinescu proposed that, although praised by Cerna's contemporaries, this goal was "mediocre", and that the literature it produced "does not express and does not suggest profound spiritual states, but, on the contrary, it expresses by means of
1198:, who stated his belief that an artist's work should be separated from his life. Lovinescu, who commented on Densusianu and his thoughts on Cerna, opined that Densusianu had a tendency to reject all poets who registered popular success, and that he treated Dimitrie Anghel's work in much the same way.
861:
Călinescu, who criticizes the poet for his difficulties with the language, describes him as "not accomplished". Elaborating on this, he states: " declamatory, banal and dry in his use of metaphors, although he displays a touch of the sublime here and there." Lovinescu thought many of the expressions
965:
While rejecting Cerna's conceptual approach, Lovinescu admired his style, for "the amplitude through which is laid out in vast chimes and compact constructions of rhetorical stanzas." Such features, he concluded, surpassed "everything ever written in our country". For George Călinescu, Cerna's
858:, recounted their disagreement when it came to Caragiale, whom Cerna enjoyed only for his power of "observation", but whom he argued lacked "concepts". For Zarifopol, this statement, made with "a fanatical and dogmatic pathos", evidenced a moment of "academic foolishness" in Cerna's career.
665:
Panait Cerna died in
Leipzig, shortly after receiving his diploma. Zarifopol was present when Cerna succumbed, and recorded that Maiorescu's views on poetry where preoccupied his friend even on his deathbed. The poet was buried in the German city, and later exhumed for burial in Bucharest's
594:, in 1910, when Cerna declared himself captivated by Caragiale, whom he described as "one of the richest intelligent minds to have ever been produced by our nation." Two years later, Cerna enthusiastically welcomed the literary debut of Caragiale's other son,
646:, and concluded that "ideas have the purpose of signaling the problematic tensions of the soul." Zarifopol wrote that Cerna was upset over having himself parted with writing poetry, and came to be preoccupied by Maiorescu's German-language dictum:
269:
Along with various love poems, Panait Cerna's writings also evince his intellectual pursuits. This intellectual characteristic earned him a dedicated following, but was criticized by many of his peers, who found it artificial and outdated.
913:
and, Călinescu argues, it evoked his actual experience with women, as "the regret of not having lived through the great mystery of love." These pieces, the critic notes, point to the influence of classicist authors such as
Eminescu,
1081:
saw in him one of its most important members of the early 20th century, while several historians note that he was so only because, at that stage, the literary society was declining. Mehedinţi's 1914 account of the
650:("An idea is a damned thing when it comes to poetry"). Panait Cerna's first volume of collected poetry was published at home in 1910, and, two years later, resulted in the author being made a co-recipient of the
1109:
The poet's adoption of a mainstream approach to poetry also pleased his public, and, Călinescu notes, schoolbooks of the day celebrated him as a
Romanian classic while completely ignoring more controversial
1098:
twilight, given that this circle had failed to impose "a new literary direction", and was tributary to the legacy of various traditionalist groups. At the same time, both
Dragomirescu and his disciple
418:
Soon after reaching the capital, Cerna became involved in political debates and the literary environment. These early activities are recorded in a 1904 series of articles in the student paper
1094:
argues that this evidenced not just a decline in standards, but also
Mehedinţi's "tastelessness". Also according to Ornea, the association with Dragomirescu was also characteristic for the
488:
Cerna's love of rural life, together with what Călinescu describes as a "social preoccupation", made him an outspoken opponent of the way in which the authorities handled the
718:. In this account, Cerna is one in a group of "conceptual" poets, all of whom were connected with Dragomirescu. For part of his life, Cerna was also formally committed to
590:, providing his "scientific education". Ion Luca Caragiale described Cerna as "a distinguished scientist and a great lover of music". The two writers met a second time in
1201:
The poet's house in Cerna is presently a museum, dedicated in part to his memory, and also housing a permanent exhibit dedicated to the traditional arts and crafts of
777:
also believes that the "matter in which worked" was largely "dominated by
Eminescu." He also cautions that there is a major difference between the two: Cerna is an
622:. Wundt left an enduring impression on his Romanian student. In a letter home, Cerna described his modest appearance, which he claimed recalled that of "decrepit"
1087:
586:(1908–1910). Around 1909, he first came into contact with the Caragiales, and, according to the dramatist's own testimony, tutored his son, the future poet
839:
not only that which can be expressed, but also that which can be proven." Paul
Zarifopol, who notes that Cerna particularly treasured the classicist poets
221:
529:
1887:
545:
1106:. Zarifopol deplores Cerna's submission to traditionalist and classicist goals, arguing that it eventually ruined Cerna as a poet and made him unhappy.
1795:
630:, adding: "But I do love this decrepit exterior beyond measure ..." Volkelt guided Cerna's research in the scientific field, and coordinated his
333:
schoolteacher, also named
Panayot Stachov (Panait Stanciov). He settled in Cerna and married Maria Taşcu. The daughter of local peasants, she was of
1701:
1118:. His contributions have helped shaped the style of 20th-century poets with traditionalist tendencies from different schools. Among them are the
1065:
Panait Cerna's lifetime success and literary fame made him the target of adulation among his fellow traditionalists, a camp which united various
465:
qualifier. He was by then seriously ill with tuberculosis, and sought a change in climate. Cerna spent much of this period traveling through the
2064:
1021:
was lyricized in several contexts. In one such indignant piece, Cerna called on Peace not to arrive until the social issue would be solved. In
619:
2049:
2024:
1099:
695:
383:. He was also attending lectures at the Faculty of Chemistry and Physics. Cerna debuted as a poet in 1897, at the age of sixteen, when his
926:). One of the pieces, written from the perspective of a man who has once failed to gain the object of his affection, features the lyrics:
2129:
2089:
1590:
2059:
2149:
1861:
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attitude. According to
Zarifopol, the poet considered himself an "improved follower" of Eminescu. Cerna was also a late admirer of
485:. As Călinescu notes, he had bought himself a horse from a Rucăr local on credit, and failed to deliver the promised sum on time.
2069:
2044:
1328:
337:
or of
Bulgarian origin. Shortly before Maria gave birth to their son, Romanian administration began taking over in previously
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2099:
2029:
2004:
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368:
1877:
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1994:
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1945:
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559:, a view which implied that all literary men should be academics. This, he argues, was one of the few areas in which
489:
2109:
1684:
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213:. Cerna became the group's main representative during its decline, contributing to both major Junimist magazines,
2139:
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2119:
357:
1999:
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1829:
459:
Despite ongoing financial difficulties, Cerna graduated from university in 1906. His thesis was passed with a
2014:
1989:
723:
642:
for "Contemplative Poetry"). According to Călinescu, Cerna's work stated the primacy of "natural ideas" over
575:
179:
poet, philosopher, literary critic and translator. A native speaker of Bulgarian, Cerna nonetheless wrote in
1229:. The local authorities in Tulcea County organize an annual Panait Cerna National Poetry and Essay Contest.
2009:
1984:
866:("From Far Away"), which Lovinescu believed was marked by the use of repetitive and banal poetic images:
1405:
844:
583:
1600:
1840:
295:
2019:
1152:, another author to have been influenced by Cerna's style, dedicated his mentor a poem which read:
571:
346:
1595:
730:
legacy. He was thus known as the translator of works by Romantic poets, as well as for adopting a
235:
1413:
1244:
Călinescu, p.651. The second date is reported to have been once communicated by Cerna himself
1073:
contributors. According to Călinescu, this group saw him as Romania's answer to Schiller and
726:, whose aesthetic ideals he merged with his lyrical style, and sought to recover part of the
679:
607:
247:
2084:
2079:
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1103:
1074:
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470:
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243:
8:
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and various other pieces, Panait Cerna (called a "reflexive poet" by contemporary critic
493:
353:
215:
206:
1902:
1856:
444:
439:
364:, he always had some difficulties conversing in Romanian, but could write it with ease.
361:
227:
210:
138:
840:
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579:
517:
251:
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promotion of the "original manifestations of Romanian culture" listed Cerna alongside
1958:
1941:
1924:
1713:
1706:Études de littérature roumaine et d'écrits slaves et grecs des principautés roumaines
1351:
1126:
974:
of the phthisic." One of his better-known pieces from the series of love poems read:
687:
180:
155:
1709:
1111:
1102:
upheld him as a model to follow, equating him with the mid-19th century classicist
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906:
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966:"euphoric thirst for life" recalled the work of Parnassian and Symbolist author
1791:
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1122:
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762:
678:
Cerna was a traditionalist poet, listed by Călinescu among the contributors to
667:
587:
541:
388:
338:
255:
202:
1416:'s Department of Neo-Latin Languages and Literatures; retrieved April 18, 2008
1978:
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1202:
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852:
829:
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611:
533:
319:
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288:
239:
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47:
1797:
Din registrul ideilor gingaşe: Neînţelegeri inocente între public şi artişti
1194:
rejected most of Cerna's contributions. One of the first to have done so is
955:
What does a bolt want, and where does it go? Who should even care! ...
448:, and his poems also appeared sporadically in other publications, including
910:
715:
525:
294:
Cerna's early name, rendered in Bulgarian as Панайот Станчов, was commonly
263:
192:
101:
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1950:
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800:
758:
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After completing primary school in his native village, he graduated from
342:
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1962:
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were weakened by his father's departure, Cerna, who was baptized in the
818:
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610:, where he attended courses held by the philosophers and psychologists
482:
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119:
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30:
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957:
It is enough that, for a moment, it makes the night more beautiful.
761:
notes the influence exercised on Cerna and other traditionalists by
376:
1933:
1824:
1091:
833:
778:
735:
1025:, he appeals to the Sun to wash out the blood of peasant victims:
574:, but, following the advice of Maiorescu, decided in favor of the
474:
1145:
790:
691:
591:
556:
513:
259:
197:
176:
132:
67:
51:
183:, and developed a traditionalist style which was connected with
175:; August 26 or September 25, 1881 – March 26, 1913) was a
1603:
1206:
971:
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So that I reconcile with my life and forget you are a stranger.
427:
372:
1399:
1222:
1205:. It also features a bust of the poet. The county library in
109:
379:, then enrolled at the Faculty of Letters and Philosophy in
225:. He also contributed pieces to the traditionalist magazine
1333:
751:
658:
Award. Some of his new poems were still being published by
508:, Cerna became one of his main collaborators. The group of
360:, became fluent in Bulgarian. According to literary critic
231:, and was briefly affiliated with other literary journals.
1837:
85:
poet, philosopher, literary critic, translator, journalist
1173:
A giant you have been in a world filled only with dwarfs,
940:
Ce vrea şi unde merge un fulger? Cui ce-i pasă! ...
631:
403:("Orientals"), saw print two years later in the magazine
1907:
Istoria literaturii române de la origini până în prezent
1838:
Tulcea Institute for Environmental Studies and Museology
1957:, Vols. II-III, Editura Minerva, Bucharest, 1970–1971.
1401:
Cronologia della letteratura rumena moderna (1780–1914)
811:, it builds on themes which recalled Byron's 1821 play
341:-ruled Northern Dobruja. Stanchov, who was a Bulgarian
1050:
So that the ancestors in their graves could not grasp
532:. In 1908, he decided to continue his studies in the
1728:
Călinescu, p. 805–806; Lovinescu, p. 84–85
938:Încât mă-mpac cu viaţa-mi şi uit că-mi eşti străină.
567:, which was more open to less elitist environments.
1017:Cerna's protest over the violent repression of the
262:at the age of thirty-one, after a long battle with
1888:Romanian Ministry of Education, Research and Youth
1686:Artişti şi idei literare române: Geniul neprihănit
1568:Artişti şi idei literare române: Poezie filozofică
1162:Un gigant ai fost pe-o lume plină numai cu pitici,
895:But merely have been often watching you from afar,
893:I never sent you bouquets, mistress of my dreams,
765:, Romania's major mid-19th-century classicist and
738:perspective on life (notably present in his poems
648:In der Poesie ist der Gedanke ein verfluchtes Ding
1209:city is named after him, as are a high school in
922:(the latter poet had also been quoted in Cerna's
345:, refused to accept this change and left for the
250:, befriending the self-exiled Romanian dramatist
1976:
1175:A lonely evening star among so many fire flies.
891:I never spoke with you, and through open windows
882:Iluminat de gânduri nespuse, ne-nţelese ...
536:. The decision was influenced and encouraged by
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1348:През прозореца на едно полустолетие (1900–1950)
876:Nu ţi-am vorbit vrodată, şi pe fereşti deschise
606:From late 1910 to early 1912, Cerna was at the
1673:
1671:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1591:"Vieaţa literară în 1911 (o privire generală)"
1528:
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1477:
1475:
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1471:
1469:
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1465:
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1033:
982:
942:Destul că face noaptea, o clipă, mai frumoasă.
934:
878:Nu ţi-am trimis buchete, stăpâna mea din vise,
874:
1940:, Vol. II, Editura Minerva, Bucharest, 1998.
1784:
1782:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1365:
1363:
1350:, Iztok-Zapad, Sofia, 2004, p. 449–450.
1329:"Panait Cerna, poetul meleagurilor dobrogene"
1164:Un luceafăr singuratic între-atâţia licurici.
552:. Călinescu describes this as a sign of late
1712:, Leiden, New York & Köln, 1985, p.397.
1634:
1632:
1630:
1544:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1090:and other minor writers. Literary historian
1697:
1695:
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1650:
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1577:
1523:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
686:", as do those of Dragomirescu, Mehedinţi,
601:
469:, and several times visited regions of the
1817:
1815:
1779:
1745:
1743:
1498:
1496:
1440:
1360:
1052:Whose it was—and who it was that shed it.
1001:We were brought together by a clear flame,
1868:, official site; retrieved April 17, 2008
1627:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1140:, whose career later took him through an
387:("The Past")—an adaptation of a piece by
1692:
1574:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1247:
951:My thin path is being flooded in light,
880:Ci numai de departe te-am urmărit adese,
781:, while Eminescu most often projected a
673:
282:
1921:Istoria literaturii române contemporane
1812:
1740:
1493:
1424:
1422:
1009:We embrace the Earth, the whole world.
936:Cărarea mea subţire se umple de lumină,
314:. The poet's preferred name alluded to
1977:
1372:
984:Noi ne-am cuprins de-o flacără curată,
817:, and constituted an interrogation of
205:, as well as by Maiorescu's disciples
2065:20th-century deaths from tuberculosis
1599:, Nr. 3/1912, p.62 (digitized by the
1520:Călinescu, p.602; Vianu, Vol.II, p.13
1283:
1125:, later known as an official poet of
1037:Să nu priceapă-n groapa lor strămoşii
909:was one of the major ones in Cerna's
897:Illuminated by untold, unknown words
793:Romanticism, and translated from his
430:. By that time, he was discovered by
238:, Cerna completed his studies in the
154:
2050:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
2025:Romanian people of Bulgarian descent
1923:, Editura Minerva, Bucharest, 1989.
1647:Vianu, Vol.II, p.213; Vol.III, p.322
1419:
1154:
1027:
976:
928:
868:
442:. After 1903, Cerna contributed to
1190:Like Lovinescu, other advocates of
1039:Al cui a fost - şi cine l-a vărsat.
1005:And we steal luck away from no one,
807:, where Adam confronts God. Titled
496:parted with Mehedinţi to establish
399:magazine. His first original poem,
13:
2130:20th-century Romanian male writers
2090:20th-century Romanian philosophers
1213:and streets in Bucharest, Brăila,
970:, but was tempered by "the mellow
14:
2161:
1968:
992:Îmbrăţişăm pământul, lumea toată.
2060:Expatriates in the German Empire
1428:Ornea, p.78; Vianu, Vol.II, p.11
410:
201:, he was promoted by its leader
29:
2150:Romanian expatriates in Germany
1871:
1850:
1803:
1770:
1761:
1752:
1731:
1722:
1641:
1618:
1609:
1535:
1514:
1505:
1484:
1048:Be quick to dry the red fields,
578:, where he studied Philosophy,
434:, and began collaborating with
358:Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church
287:Panait Cerna Memorial House in
2070:Tuberculosis deaths in Germany
2045:University of Bucharest alumni
1431:
1340:
1238:
799:. One of Cerna's poems was an
504:agenda while standing against
1:
1896:
1858:"Panait Cerna" County Library
1604:Transsylvanica Online Library
1185:Din registrul ideilor gingaşe
988:Şi nu furăm norocul nimănuie,
986:Ce niciodată n-are să apuie -
329:Panait Cerna's father was an
278:
1878:The Panait Cerna High School
1758:Lovinescu, p. 31–32, 84
1003:Which shall never damp down—
990:Ci în iubire tânără, bogată,
473:, in particular the area of
273:
16:Romanian writer and academic
7:
2100:20th-century Romanian poets
2030:Bulgarian Eastern Catholics
2005:19th-century Romanian poets
1826:Casa memorială Panait Cerna
1035:Usucă iute câmpurile roşii,
10:
2166:
1890:; retrieved April 17, 2008
1847:; retrieved April 17, 2008
1737:Călinescu, p. 805–806
1615:Călinescu, p. 641–660
845:Louise-Victorine Ackermann
682:whose work "steers toward
584:German language literature
2115:19th-century male writers
2075:Burials at Bellu Cemetery
2055:Leipzig University alumni
2040:People from Tulcea County
1995:Romanian literary critics
1060:
628:Romanian Jewish community
242:. There, he attended the
156:[panaˈitˈt͡ʃerna]
115:
97:
89:
81:
73:
57:
37:
28:
21:
2145:Eastern Catholic writers
2135:20th-century journalists
2105:19th-century translators
2095:20th-century translators
2035:Romanian Greek-Catholics
1232:
1144:stage and eventually to
1007:But in young, rich love,
746:, "Days of Sorrow"; and
724:local Symbolist movement
602:Studies abroad and death
572:University of Heidelberg
490:peasant uprising of 1907
347:Principality of Bulgaria
254:and the literary critic
45:August or September 1881
2110:Romanian male essayists
1601:Babeş-Bolyai University
1398:, biographical note in
1114:such as Macedonski and
236:University of Bucharest
152:Romanian pronunciation:
2140:Eastern Catholic poets
2125:20th-century essayists
2120:19th-century essayists
1490:Ornea, p. 136–137
1414:University of Florence
1171:
1161:
1158:
1046:
1034:
1031:
999:
983:
980:
949:
935:
932:
889:
875:
872:
803:piece inspired by the
742:, "Flower and Chasm";
512:writers also included
352:Although his links to
291:
2000:Romanian philosophers
1938:Junimea şi junimismul
1886:entry; hosted by the
1624:Călinescu, p.652, 657
1511:Călinescu, p.602, 651
1369:Călinescu, p.651, 652
1088:Alexandru G. Florescu
674:Literary contribution
608:University of Leipzig
546:Minister of Education
500:, which advertised a
286:
248:University of Leipzig
2015:Romanian translators
1990:Romanian journalists
1192:modernist literature
1104:Grigore Alexandrescu
1075:Percy Bysshe Shelley
968:Alexandru Macedonski
576:University of Berlin
563:still differed from
471:Southern Carpathians
438:, a magazine led by
318:, his birthplace in
244:University of Berlin
2010:Romanian male poets
789:, a main figure of
757:Literary historian
680:Romanian literature
660:Convorbiri Literare
506:Convorbiri Literare
494:Mihail Dragomirescu
436:Convorbiri Literare
216:Convorbiri Literare
207:Mihail Dragomirescu
41:Panayot Stanchov or
1985:Romanian essayists
1864:2007-12-01 at the
1843:2008-04-14 at the
1832:2007-11-14 at the
1408:2021-10-18 at the
1394:2011-06-05 at the
841:Friedrich Schiller
826:Plânsetul lui Adam
809:Plânsetul lui Adam
748:Plânsetul lui Adam
704:Corneliu Moldovanu
700:Cincinat Pavelescu
570:Cerna visited the
518:Corneliu Moldovanu
510:Convorbiri Critice
498:Convorbiri Critice
391:—was published in
292:
252:Ion Luca Caragiale
234:A graduate of the
222:Convorbiri Critice
1913:, Bucharest, 1986
1334:Ziua de Constanţa
1181:
1180:
1127:Communist Romania
1058:
1057:
1015:
1014:
963:
962:
924:Die Gedankenlyrik
903:
902:
851:, as well as the
688:Henri Sanielevici
636:Die Gedankenlyrik
426:is the object of
397:Foaia Interesantă
354:Bulgarian culture
298:into Romanian as
195:literary society
191:. Praised by the
163:: Панайот Черна,
145:
144:
116:Literary movement
2157:
1955:Scriitori români
1903:George Călinescu
1891:
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1541:Călinescu, p.898
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1280:Călinescu, p.651
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1028:
994:
977:
944:
929:
920:Giacomo Leopardi
884:
869:
849:Jean-Marie Guyau
740:Floare şi genune
712:Alexandru Davila
652:Romanian Academy
634:thesis of 1913,
492:. That year, as
479:Bucegi Mountains
440:Simion Mehedinţi
420:Tipuri şi Ticuri
362:George Călinescu
331:ethnic Bulgarian
324:Northern Dobruja
258:. Cerna died in
211:Simion Mehedinţi
169:Panayot Stanchov
158:
153:
64:
33:
19:
18:
2165:
2164:
2160:
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2158:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2020:Symbolist poets
1975:
1974:
1971:
1917:Eugen Lovinescu
1911:Editura Minerva
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1894:
1876:
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1866:Wayback Machine
1855:
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1384:
1373:
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1345:
1341:
1337:, April 8, 2008
1327:Mirela Stîngă,
1324:
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1196:Ovid Densusianu
1177:
1174:
1168:
1163:
1150:Demostene Botez
1138:Ion Sân-Giorgiu
1133:
1116:Dimitrie Anghel
1069:affiliates and
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907:unrequited love
905:The subject of
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856:Sully Prudhomme
805:Book of Genesis
775:Eugen Lovinescu
708:Mihail Codreanu
676:
656:Vasile Adamachi
626:members of the
616:Eduard Spranger
604:
540:and its leader
530:Gheorghe Vâlsan
462:magna cum laude
454:Revista Modernă
450:Floare Albastră
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300:Panait Stanciov
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66:
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1969:External links
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754:'s Sobbing").
744:Zile de durere
675:
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668:Bellu Cemetery
603:
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588:Luca Caragiale
548:granted him a
542:Titu Maiorescu
415:
409:
389:Nikolaus Lenau
296:transliterated
280:
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203:Titu Maiorescu
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165:Panayot Cherna
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1183:In his essay
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1502:Ornea, p.137
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526:I. Dragoslav
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196:
193:conservative
172:
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164:
148:Panait Cerna
147:
146:
137:
131:
102:lyric poetry
77:Panait Cerna
63:(1913-03-26)
23:Panait Cerna
2085:1913 deaths
2080:1881 births
1951:Tudor Vianu
1749:Ornea, p.78
1131:Sămănătorul
1100:Ion Trivale
1071:Sămănătorul
1019:1907 revolt
911:lyric poems
819:divine laws
783:pessimistic
759:Tudor Vianu
696:Ion Trivale
565:Sămănătorul
550:scholarship
467:Old Kingdom
445:Sămănătorul
424:P. Stanciov
343:nationalist
228:Sămănătorul
139:Sămănătorul
106:epic poetry
1979:Categories
1897:References
1883:School Map
1836:, at the
1596:Luceafărul
1148:politics.
1112:Symbolists
853:Parnassian
834:rhetorical
787:Lord Byron
684:classicism
544:, who, as
483:Jiu Valley
481:, and the
422:, where a
279:Early life
185:classicism
120:classicism
82:Occupation
1412:, at the
1227:Petroşani
1219:Hunedoara
1120:socialist
837:dialectic
773:theorist
771:Modernist
732:Messianic
720:Symbolism
662:in 1911.
644:reasoning
401:Orientale
381:Bucharest
335:Aromanian
312:Stancioff
274:Biography
161:Bulgarian
128:symbolism
93:1897–1913
1934:Z. Ornea
1862:Archived
1841:Archived
1830:Archived
1406:Archived
1403:database
1392:Archived
1215:Bistriţa
1096:Junimist
1092:Z. Ornea
1084:Junimist
779:optimist
767:Junimist
736:Humanist
728:Romantic
722:and the
624:Orthodox
554:Junimist
502:Junimist
385:Trecutul
375:port of
308:Stanciof
246:and the
181:Romanian
177:Romanian
74:Pen name
1963:7431692
1146:fascist
1079:Junimea
1067:Junimea
791:English
692:D. Nanu
592:Leipzig
580:English
561:Junimea
557:elitism
538:Junimea
514:D. Nanu
432:Junimea
412:Junimea
371:in the
339:Ottoman
304:Stancov
260:Leipzig
198:Junimea
167:, born
133:Junimea
68:Leipzig
52:Romania
1961:
1944:
1927:
1716:
1354:
1211:Brăila
1207:Tulcea
1129:, and
1061:Legacy
972:anemia
918:, and
769:poet.
640:German
596:Mateiu
477:, the
428:satire
405:Carmen
377:Brăila
373:Danube
90:Period
1593:, in
1331:, in
1233:Notes
1223:Lugoj
1134:'
475:Rucăr
414:years
316:Cerna
110:essay
98:Genre
48:Cerna
1959:OCLC
1942:ISBN
1925:ISBN
1714:ISBN
1352:ISBN
1225:and
847:and
814:Cain
801:epic
752:Adam
734:and
714:and
618:and
582:and
528:and
452:and
219:and
209:and
187:and
58:Died
38:Born
824:In
750:, "
654:'s
632:PhD
395:'s
310:or
171:or
1981::
1953:,
1936:,
1919:,
1909:,
1905:,
1880:,
1814:^
1794:,
1781:^
1742:^
1708:,
1704:,
1694:^
1683:,
1668:^
1652:^
1629:^
1589:,
1576:^
1565:,
1546:^
1525:^
1495:^
1442:^
1421:^
1374:^
1362:^
1285:^
1249:^
1221:,
1217:,
1136:s
1077:.
843:,
821:.
710:,
706:,
702:,
698:,
694:,
690:,
670:.
614:,
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524:,
520:,
516:,
456:.
407:.
326:.
322:,
306:,
302:,
266:.
159:;
136:,
130:,
126:,
122:,
108:,
104:,
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1606:)
638:(
150:(
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