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354:, which spanned 1,400 acres (570 ha). For the first few decades of its existence, "City Park" remained mostly open space; lacking trees and covered in native wildflowers, the park was home to bobcats, rattlesnakes, coyotes, and other wildlife. Numerous proposals, some altruistic, some profit-driven, were brought forward for the development and use of the land during this time. During construction of the exposition facilities in 1910, a contest was held that renamed the park after
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426:, with its historical iconography; he sketched two other buildings, provided Winslow and Allen with his photographs and drawings from examples in Spain and Mexico, and reviewed their developed designs. The original ensemble of buildings featured various stylistic and period references. Taken together, they constituted something like a recapitulated history of Spanish colonial in North America, from Renaissance Europe sources, to
596:), an arcaded enclosure often containing Spanish dancers and singers, where both the approach bridge and El Prado terminate. The California State Building and the Fine Arts Building framed the plaza, which was surrounded on three sides by exhibition halls set behind an arcade on the lower story. Those three sides, following the heavy massiveness and crude simplicity of the
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possibility of the human race, not for the exposition only, but for a permanent contribution to the world's progress." The exposition's leadership changed again in early March 1914, when
Collier encountered personal financial issues and resigned. He was replaced by Davidson, who was also joined by several new vice presidents.
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In
November 1916, Gilbert Davidson asked the Park Board for an additional three-month extension into 1917, but the expo was concluded on January 1, 1917. Events on the final day included a military parade in the Plaza de Panama, a mock military battle, and an opera ceremony at the organ pavilion. At
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proposed an exposition to commemorate the completion of the Panama Canal. San Diego's population in 1910 was 37,578, and it would be the least populated city to ever host an international exposition. In contrast, San
Francisco had a population nearly 10 times larger and would ultimately be supported
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were supposed to remain while the cleared building sites would become garden. Goodhue emphasized that "only by thus razing all of the
Temporary Buildings will San Diego enter upon the heritage that is rightfully hers". However, many of the "temporary" buildings were retained and reused for the 1935
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The groundbreaking ceremony for the site of the expo was held on July 19, 1911. To make room for the exposition planned layout, several city buildings, machine shops, and a gunpowder magazine were moved offsite. The first building to begin construction was the
Administration Building, which started
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One of the main considerations for San Diego leaders concerning the Panama–California
Exposition was transportation. At the request of John D. Spreckels and his San Diego Electric Railway Company, the park's layout design incorporated an electric railway that ran near the east gate of the park. To
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By March 1910, $ 1 million ($ 32,700,000 today) was raised for the expo by the Panama–California
Exposition Company through selling subscriptions. A bond measure later that year provided an additional $ 1 million solely for improving permanent fixtures in the park. Funding for the California State
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During the expo, Franklin D. Roosevelt, then
Assistant Secretary of the Navy, told reporters that San Diego would become a Navy port. This declaration would gradually result in multiple Navy installations in and around San Diego that continue today. Shortly after the end of the expo, the Army and
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Admission for adults was $ 0.50 ($ 15 today) and $ 0.25 ($ 8 today) for children. Based on varying sources, the opening day's attendance was between 31,836 and 42,486. By the end of the first month, daily attendance decreased, with an average number of attendees at 4,783 a day, which decreased to
705:, were available for rent by visitors. Constructed by the Los Angeles Exposition Motor Chair Company, these slow-speed transports held two to three people and were used for traveling throughout the majority of the exhibition. Electriquette replicas returned for the centennial celebration in 2015.
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While the west gateway was part of the Fine Arts
Building, the east gateway was designed to be the formal entrance for the California State Building. The East or State Gateway carried the California state coat-of-arms over the arch. The spandrels over the arch were filled with glazed colored tile
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styles, with large formal buildings around large symmetric spaces; San
Francisco's Panama–Pacific International Exposition was largely Beaux-Arts style. Goodhue had already experimented with Spanish Baroque in Havana, at the 1905 La Santisima Trinidad pro-cathedral, and the Hotel Colon in Panama.
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in July 1915, urging San Diego to keep the exhibition buildings permanently. Even before the end of the first year of the expo, an organization was established to determine how the temporary buildings could be developed for museum use. The exposition also led to the eventual establishment of the
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Prior to the end of 1915, plans began circulating for extending the exposition for another year. Most of the board of directors, however, were not able to continue into the new year and resigned. Funding for the 1916 addition came from Los Angeles, local businessman, proceeds from the 1915 expo,
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complex lines of mouldings and dense ornamentation. Next to the frontispiece, at one corner of the dome, rose the 200 feet (61 m) tower of the California Building, which was echoed in the less prominent turrets of the Southern California counties and the Science and Education buildings. The
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architectural styles. Collier was tasked with steering the exposition in "the proper direction," ensuring that every decision made reflected his vision of what the exposition could accomplish. Collier once stated "The purpose of the Panama–California Exposition is to illustrate the progress and
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buildings to be built in Spanish Colonial Revival Style and worked with various government agencies to have the remaining buildings declared National Historic Landmarks in 1977. In the late 1990s, the most deteriorated buildings and burned buildings were rebuilt, preserving the original style.
841:. By this point, international exhibitors from the recently closed San Francisco exhibition had arrived in San Diego, and the expo had exhibits from Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Russia, and Switzerland. Some of these exhibitors were unable to return to Europe due to
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In the early 1960s destruction of a few of the buildings and replacement by modern, architecturally clashing buildings created an uproar in San Diego. In 1967, citizens formed A Committee of One Hundred to protect and preserve the park buildings. They convinced the City Council to require new
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Additional elements of the exposition included an aviary, rose gardens, and animal pens. Throughout the exposition grounds there were over two million plants of 1,200 different types. Peacocks and pheasants freely wandered through the fairgrounds, and pigeons were frequently fed by guests.
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The architecture of the "temporary buildings" was recognized, as Goodhue described, as "being essentially of the fabric of a dream—not to endure but to produce a merely temporary effect. It should provide, after the fashion that stage scenery provides—illusion rather than reality."
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to deny support for San Diego's exposition in exchange for pledged political support for Taft's campaign against Republicans. With no federal and little state government funding, San Diego's exposition would be on a smaller scale with fewer states and countries participating.
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midnight, the lights were turned off and pyrotechnics above the organ spelled "WORLD PEACE–1917". The total attendance for the second year was just under 1.7 million people. Over the two years a slight profit was earned over the total cost of organizing and hosting the expo.
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The City of San Diego held a major observation for the 2015 centennial of the Exposition, with numerous events and exhibits. A proposal to remove vehicle traffic and parking from the central plazas proved controversial and was eventually scrapped.
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Official Guide Book of the Panama-California Exposition, Giving in Detail, Location and Description of Buildings, Exhibits and Concessions, with Floor Plans of the Buildings and Exterior Views ...: San Diego, California, January 1 to December 31,
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860:"It is so beautiful that I wish to make an earnest plea ... I hope that not only will you keep these buildings running for another year but you will keep these buildings of rare, phenomenal taste and beauty permanently."
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at the same site in 1935 was so popular that some buildings were rebuilt to be made more permanent. Many buildings (original or reconstructed) remain in use today, and are used by several museums and theaters in Balboa Park.
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The Isthmus was surrounded by concessions, amusement rides and games, a replica gem mine, an ostrich farm, and a 250-foot (76 m) replica of the Panama Canal. One of the concessions along the isthmus was a "China Town".
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4,360 by February. However, the expo made ($ 1,204,737 today) profit in its first three months. By May, the average daily attendance had increased to 5,800 and in July the total attendance had reached a million visitors.
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service the large number of people that were to attend the exposition, streetcars were built that could handle the traffic of the event as well as the growing population of San Diego. The routes ultimately spanned from
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269:. Although representatives from San Francisco urged San Diego to end its planning, San Diego pressed forward for a simultaneous exposition. Several San Franciscans persuaded both members of Congress and President
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From the start, the Cabrillo Bridge, the domed-and-towered California State Building and the low-lying Fine Arts Building were intended to be permanent additions to the park; the latter two are now part of the
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button in Washington, D.C. to open the expo by turning on the power and lights at the park. In addition, a lit balloon located 1,500 feet above the park further brightened the exposition. Guns at the nearby
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which had been raging since 1914. Additional exhibits included an ice rink, an alligator farm, and performance shows. Some of the original buildings from the prior year were repurposed for new exhibits.
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supporting an entablature, with figures symbolizing the Atlantic and Pacific oceans joining waters together, in commemoration of the opening of the Panama Canal. These figures were the work of
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The "temporary buildings" were formally and informally set on either side of the wide, tree-lined central avenue. El Prado extended along the axis of the bridge and was lined with trees and
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in November 1911 and completed in March 1912. Visitors interested in watching the ongoing construction before the exposition's official opening were charged admission of $ 0.25 ($ 8 today).
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made a brief three-day appearance in November 1915. At the end of 1915, total visitors reached over two million and the expo had turned a small profit of $ 56,570 ($ 1,703,799 today).
741:. In contrast, the San Francisco Panama-Pacific Exposition featured exhibits from 22 countries and 28 U.S. states. Various countries participated in the exposition's 1916 extension.
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Goodhue and Winslow advocated a design that turned away from the more modest, indigenous, horizontally oriented Pueblo Revival and Mission Revival, towards a more ornate and urban
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The Cabrillo Bridge was built to span the canyon, and its long horizontal stretch ending in a great upright pile of fantasy buildings would be the crux of the whole composition.
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fair. Four of them were demolished and rebuilt in their original style toward the end of the 20th century; they are now called the House of Charm, the House of Hospitality,
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After the Exposition, Goodhue moved on to other national projects, while Winslow stayed on in southern California, continuing to produce his own variations of the style at
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in Los Angeles. Winslow was also instrumental in persuading the city of Santa Barbara to adopt Spanish Colonial Revival as the officially mandated civic style after its
394:. For American world's fairs, this was a novelty. The design was an intentional contrast to most previous Eastern U.S. and European expositions, which had been done in
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The Exposition left a permanent mark in Balboa Park, which had been mostly open space before the fair. Former President Theodore Roosevelt spoke to San Diegans at the
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545:-sponsored 'Painted Desert' (called "Indian Village" by guests), a 5-acre (2.0 ha), 300-person exhibit populated by seven Native American tribes including the
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908:-covered structures then in existence, contained a rare collection of tropical and semitropical plants. It is well back from the Prado behind the long pool,
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leftover funding from the Panama–Pacific International Exposition, and chambers of commerce outside of San Diego. On March 18, 1916, Secretary of the Navy
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The United States Marines, Army, and Navy were featured at the expo, with exhibits, onsite tent cities, parades, band concerts, and live mock battles.
698:, even briefly serving as a link to the U.S.–Mexico border. Today, only three of the original twenty-four Class 1 streetcars remain in existence.
479:. The location was also moved from a small hillock to a larger and more open area, most of which was intended to be reclaimed by the park as gardens.
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The temporary installations, decoration, and landscapes of Balboa Park were created with some large spaces and numerous paths, small spaces, and
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and led straight to the dramatic West Gate (or City Gate), with the city's coat-of-arms at its crown. The archway was flanked by engaged
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The exposition did not initially feature any buildings representing foreign countries, though a handful of U.S states held exhibits:
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636:. The Prado was intended to become the central path of a great and formally designed public garden. The fair's pathways, pools, and
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The Panama–California Exposition Company was formed in September 1909 and its board of directors was soon led by president
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Near a large parking lot, the North gate led to the 'Painted Desert' and 2,500-foot (760 m) long Isthmus street. The
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would assist open-air concerts in its auditorium. The Botanical Building was completed for $ 53,400 ($ 1,624,353 today).
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1361:"Table 22. Nativity of the Population for Urban Places Ever Among the 50 Largest Urban Places Since 1870: 1850 to 1990"
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style, were without ornamentation. This contrasted with the front facade of the California State Building, 'wild' with
446:, which the Exposition popularized in the United States. Prior to the exposition, San Diego had predominately featured
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289:, was made president of the exposition. He was responsible for selecting both the location in the city park and the
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925:, which is in the form of a Spanish ship; one of the most recognizable sights in San Diego as "San Diego's Icon".
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430:, to Mexican Baroque, to the vernacular styles adopted by the Franciscan missions up the California coast. The
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The layout of the 640-acre (260 ha) expo was contained by three entrances on the west, north, and east.
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Building was provided through appropriation bills totaling $ 450,000 ($ 14,715,000 today) signed by Governor
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as their supervisory architect. With Howard unavailable, on January 27, 1911, they chose New York architect
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There were arcades by major Exposition buildings, such as this decorated one on the United States Building
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in the park, which grew out of abandoned exotic animal exhibitions from the Isthmus portion of the expo.
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244:, California, between January 1, 1915, and January 1, 1917. The exposition celebrated the opening of the
816:. The attempt to "put San Diego on the map" with national attention was successful. Even Pennsylvania's
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557:. The 'Painted Desert', which design and construction was supervised by the Southwestern archeologist
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2793:"San Diego's Balboa Park decked out to celebrate centennial of 1915 Panama-California Exposition"
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by politicians in California and Washington, D.C. for the official Panama Canal exposition, the
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946:(south side of Fine Arts Building); now the Saint Francis Chapel operated by the Museum of Us.
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California Bell Tower, completed 1914, 198 feet (60 m) feet tall to the top of the iron
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One of the San Diego Electric Railway streetcars at 5th and Broadway in San Diego, CA (1915)
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1981:
Visualizing Orientalness: Chinese Immigration and Race in U.S. Motion Pictures, 1910s-1930s
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454:. The popularity of the expo led to more emphasis on mission architecture within the city.
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Marines temporarily used several empty expo buildings until nearby bases were completed.
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A Room of Their Own: The Contribution of Women to the Panama-California Exposition, 1915
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Fine Arts Building (on south side of Plaza of California), now part of the Museum of Us.
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3071:"Safeguarding the Innocent: Travelers' Aid at the Panama-California Exposition, 1915",
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Yellowface: Creating the Chinese in American Popular Music and Performance, 1850s-1920s
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342:, likewise left the project, and were replaced by fair official Frank P. Allen Jr.
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Goodhue personally designed the largest and most ornate building on the site, the
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The American Exhibition of the Products, Arts and Manufactures of Foreign Nations
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decoration would be used, with influences from the Islamic and Persian styles in
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renamed Electrical Building and lost in a 1978 arson fire, reconstructed as the
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At the beginning of the exposition, 200 small wicker motorized chairs, known as
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trolley cars winding up from the city through the southern portion of the park.
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Foreign & Domestic Building (1916); Palace of Food & Beverages (1935)
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Arts & Crafts Building (tentative); Russia & Brazil Building (1916)
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The Official Guide Book of the Panama California Exposition San Diego 1915.
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to commemorate "Exposition Dedication Day". The fair was rechristened the
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2643:"MCASD Downtown: The Gateway to the Panama-California Exposition of 1915"
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358:, the first European to cross Central America and see the Pacific Ocean.
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In 1909, San Diego's Chamber of Commerce president and local businessman
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to assist him. By September 1911 Gill had resigned and was replaced by
3062:"The Southwest on Display at the Panama-California Exposition, 1915",
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National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Balboa Park
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2453:"How San Diego's, San Francisco's rival 1915 expositions shaped them"
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582:. The Botanical Building would protect heat-loving plants, while the
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1623:. University of California, Berkeley. June 10, 2009. Archived from
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Science of Man exhibit, Palace of Science & Photography (1935)
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Bone Rooms: From Scientific Racism to Human Prehistory in Museums.
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1640:"People & Events: The Panama Pacific International Exposition"
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2929:(1st ed.). San Diego: The Union-Tribune Publishing Company.
1714:"The Spanish Colonial Revival in Southern California (1895–1930)"
722:
632:, with the front of most buildings lined with covered arcades or
404:
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Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2006.
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Theosophical Headquarters (1916); United Nations/House of Italy
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Casa de Balboa, as rebuilt in the 1980s, and the El Prado Arcade
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2987:
California Vieja: Culture and Memory in a Modern American Past.
2971:
The San Diego World's Fairs and Southwestern Memory, 1880–1940.
2891:(1st ed.). Charleston, South Carolina: The History Press.
1363:. United States Census Bureau. October 31, 2011. Archived from
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demolished in 1964 (exhibit inspired creation of Museum of Us)
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pushed a button in Washington, D.C. that sounded a gong in the
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285:. After Grant resigned in November 1911, real estate developer
252:. The park held a second Panama-California exposition in 1935.
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Bronx International Exposition of Science, Arts and Industries
1571:"Balboa Park, 1909–1911 The Rise and Fall of the Olmsted Plan"
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3053:"The Making of the Panama-California Exposition, 1909–1915",
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403:
Some of his specific stylistic sources for San Diego are the
32:
For the 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition in San Francisco, see
2749:"Panama-California Exposition Centennial Celebration Events"
2730:"Balboa Park Centennial Exhibitions at 11 San Diego Museums"
2154:"Restored historic streetcar showcased at Trolley Barn Park"
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The Architecture and the Gardens of the San Diego Exposition
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designed in the spirit of Mission San Luis Rey in Oceanside
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of Goodhue's office. The original landscape architects, the
1465:"The Making of the Panama-California Exposition, 1909–1915"
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Canadian Building (1916); Palace of Better Housing (1935)
2910:(4th ed.). San Diego: San Diego Historical Society.
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American Historical Review and Motion Picture Exposition
935:. The design was inspired by the church of San Diego in
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style of the frontispiece was repeated around the fair.
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greenhouse. This mix of influences is representative of
386:. Contrasting with bare walls, rich Mexican and Spanish
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California Pacific International Exposition half dollar
1820:. National Park Service. April 19, 2004. Archived from
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Amero, Richard. "Chapter 1: Planning and Preparation".
780:
Attendance at the expo in 1915 totaled over two million
2592:"Jesse L. Nusbaum and the Painted Desert in San Diego"
1212:
The Exposition was the setting for a 1915 comedy film
1033:
Varied Industries & Food Products Building (1915)
890:
Buildings from the exposition still standing include:
534:
commemorating the 1769 arrival of Spain and the 1846
3226:
South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition
3185:
California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894
1074:
Pan-Pacific Building (1916) Cafe of the World (1935)
965:
Exposition Buildings later used for Military purposes
784:
Notable visitors to the expo included Vice President
3279:
National Star-Spangled Banner Centennial Celebration
5123:
Spanish Colonial Revival architecture in California
2069:"History of the California Building in Balboa Park"
1727:(2). Society of Architectural Historians: 131–147.
1646:. WGBH Educational Foundation. 2002. Archived from
592:
The focus of the fair was the Plaza de California (
4845:California Pacific International Exposition (1935)
2699:"National Historic Landmark Program – Balboa Park"
2196:"Electriquette' Returns to Service in Balboa Park"
2075:. Balboa Park Online Collaborative. Archived from
1721:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
1229:
931:, completed October 2, 1914, which now houses the
4769:House of Pacific Relations International Cottages
3199:Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition
3190:Cotton States and International Exposition (1895)
2598:(2). San Diego Historical Society. Archived from
1471:(1). San Diego Historical Society. Archived from
1283:San Diego's Balboa Park (Postcard History Series)
1092:rebuilt to exacting specification in 1996 as the
500:The Cabrillo Bridge looking towards the West Gate
434:was designed by Winslow with help from Allen and
5064:
3075:61:3&4 (Summer/Fall 2015), by Eric C. Cimino
2018:Panama-California Exposition Commission (1915).
1977:
997:(completed March 1912) now holds offices of the
1997:
1313:California Pacific Exposition San Diego 1935-36
1028:in 1935, reconstructed to be permanent in 1997
417:Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption, Oaxaca
5103:History of the West Coast of the United States
2948:(1st ed.). Norfolk: The Donning Company.
645:, and Casa de Balboa, and are included in the
4662:
3416:
3100:
2583:
2548:
1675:Americans and the California dream, 1850–1915
1121:Southern California Counties Building (1915)
507:The East Gateway was approached by drive and
3165:North, Central and South American Exposition
3080:Panama-California Exposition Digital Archive
1355:
1353:
752:At midnight on December 31, 1914, President
5031:Fatty and Mabel at the San Diego Exposition
3347:Greater Texas & Pan-American Exposition
3332:California Pacific International Exposition
3035:Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 2016.
2769:"Guide: Balboa Park Centennial Celebration"
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2480:
2478:
2419:
2417:
2407:
2405:
2395:
2393:
2391:
1964:
1962:
1876:. Los Angeles: Rosebud Books. p. 129.
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1768:. University of Arizona Press. p. 13.
1600:. San Francisco City Guides. Archived from
1562:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1236:California Pacific International Exposition
1215:Fatty and Mabel at the San Diego Exposition
1127:burned down in 1925, replaced in 1933 with
518:'s entrance was marked with blooming giant
5128:Spanish Revival architecture in California
5113:Mission Revival architecture in California
4669:
4655:
3423:
3409:
3337:Texas Centennial Central Exposition (1936)
3287:Negro Historical and Industrial Exposition
3107:
3093:
2728:Deery, Danielle Susalla (August 7, 2015).
2381:
2379:
2377:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2276:
2274:
2246:
2244:
2181:
2179:
2120:
2118:
1984:. Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar. p. 127.
1943:
1941:
1895:
1893:
1865:
1005:Commerce & Industries Building (1915)
839:Panama–California International Exposition
47:
3136:Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations
2905:
2451:Reynolds, Christopher (January 3, 2015).
1404:
1402:
1400:
1350:
1343:
1341:
1339:
255:
2535:
2523:
2475:
2450:
2435:
2426:
2414:
2402:
2388:
2223:
2090:
2004:. Rutgers University Press. p. 82.
1959:
1950:
1861:. San Francisco: Paul Elder and Company.
1839:
1667:
1665:
1526:
1451:
1280:
1259:
1199:
1110:Science & Education Building (1915)
960:
952:
892:
775:
660:
615:
495:
365:
313:
5098:History of San Diego County, California
5009:Barnes-Wallace v. Boy Scouts of America
3283:Panama–Pacific International Exposition
3057:36:1 (Winter 1990), by Richard W. Amero
2924:
2852:
2821:
2790:
2514:
2505:
2463:from the original on September 10, 2024
2374:
2347:
2331:
2319:
2310:
2301:
2292:
2283:
2271:
2253:
2241:
2232:
2176:
2136:
2127:
2115:
2091:Michelle, Tom Grimm (October 7, 1979).
2029:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1890:
1871:
1854:
1782:from the original on September 10, 2024
1761:
1711:
1544:
1535:
1517:
1420:"California Tower may open to visitors"
1417:
1185:Santa Fe Depot Baggage Building (1915)
904:Botanical Building, one of the largest
769:also were fired to signal the opening.
568:
267:Panama–Pacific International Exposition
224:Panama–Pacific International Exposition
34:Panama–Pacific International Exposition
27:Exposition in California, United States
14:
5065:
3181:World's Fair Prize Winners' Exposition
2973:University of New Mexico Press, 2005.
2691:
2589:
2151:
1568:
1442:
1411:
1397:
1388:
1379:
1336:
611:
322:Fair officials first sought architect
4650:
3430:
3404:
3236:Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition
3088:
3066:36:4 (Fall 1990), by Richard W. Amero
2943:
2886:
2824:"Plaza plan for Balboa Park unveiled"
2766:
2727:
2562:from the original on October 30, 2019
2025:. National views Company. p. 39.
1671:
1662:
1598:"San Francisco's Finest World's Fair"
1553:
1462:
444:Spanish Colonial Revival architecture
378:A glimpse of the San Diego Exposition
362:Spanish Colonial Revival architecture
53:Cover art for the official guide book
3443:Bureau International des Expositions
3360:Golden Gate International Exposition
2647:Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego
1818:National Register of Historic Places
1418:Showley, Roger (November 12, 2012).
1193:Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego
647:National Register of Historic Places
576:National Register of Historic Places
102:Panama–California Exposition Company
4931:Veterans Museum and Memorial Center
4840:Panama-California Exposition (1915)
4619: Postponed to 2021 due to the
4325:British Empire Exhibition 1924–1925
3271:International Mercantile Exposition
2889:Balboa Park and the 1915 Exposition
2853:Showley, Roger (February 5, 2013).
2791:Richard, Terry (February 4, 2015).
1678:. Oxford University Press. p.
1100:San Joaquin Valley Building (1915)
24:
18:Panama-California Exposition (1915)
3208:California's Golden Jubilee (1898)
2963:
2822:Showley, Roger (August 31, 2010).
2803:from the original on July 11, 2015
2779:from the original on March 3, 2017
2755:from the original on March 3, 2017
2751:. Save Our Heritage Organization.
2736:from the original on March 3, 2017
2152:Hurley, Morgan M. (June 8, 2012).
1978:Björn A. Schmidt (November 2016).
1750:from the original on March 3, 2016
1146:Sacramento Valley Building (1915)
413:Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral
345:
25:
5154:
3046:
2202:from the original on May 30, 2023
1874:San Diego: An Illustrated History
1855:Winslow, Carleton Monroe (1916).
1811:"Santa Barbara County Courthouse"
1672:Starr, Kevin (December 4, 1986).
1595:
1463:Amero, Richard A. (Winter 1990).
1309:
1175:Washington State Building (1915)
1057:New Mexico State Building (1915)
708:
656:
4916:San Diego Natural History Museum
4881:San Diego Air & Space Museum
4629:
3275:National Conservation Exposition
3073:The Journal of San Diego History
3064:The Journal of San Diego History
3055:The Journal of San Diego History
3019:The Journal of San Diego History
2050:Balboa Park Online Collaborative
1575:The Journal of San Diego History
1264:Detailed map of the expo in 1915
1129:San Diego Natural History Museum
4906:San Diego Model Railroad Museum
4676:
4376:Bryant Park, New York City 1853
3390:1984 Louisiana World Exposition
3256:Alaska–Yukon–Pacific Exposition
3252:International Mining Exposition
3146:International Cotton Exposition
2855:"Jacobs exits Balboa Park plan"
2846:
2815:
2767:Quach, Hoa (January 31, 2015).
2721:
2661:
2635:
2574:Accompanying 18 photos, undated
2549:Carolyn Pitts (July 19, 1977),
2496:
2487:
2444:
2365:
2356:
2262:
2214:
2188:
2145:
2038:
1971:
1803:
1794:
1705:
1696:
1589:
1569:Montes, Gregory (Winter 1982).
1508:
1230:Later exposition and rebuilding
991:Administration Building (1915)
482:
5042:Naval Medical Center San Diego
4921:Reuben H. Fleet Science Center
3290:Lincoln Jubilee and Exposition
2946:San Diego: A Pictorial History
2093:"Growing Years of Balboa Park"
1303:
1274:
1149:United States Building (1916)
1047:Montana State Building (1915)
973:(dedicated December 31, 1914).
13:
1:
5133:Festivals established in 1915
3231:Louisiana Purchase Exposition
3173:International Industrial Fair
2052:. Balboa Park. Archived from
1268:
1246:
1135:Kansas State Building (1915)
1071:Home Economy Building (1915)
1019:Foreign Arts Building (1915)
994:Gill Administration Building
812:, and automobile businessman
3320:Pacific Southwest Exposition
3312:California's Diamond Jubilee
3294:Panama–California Exposition
3249:World's Pure Food Exposition
3204:Trans-Mississippi Exposition
3177:World's Columbian Exposition
2925:Pourade, Richard F. (1965).
2906:Christman, Florence (1985).
2732:. San Diego Museum Council.
2590:Adkins, Lynn (Spring 1983).
2198:. San Diego History Center.
1086:Indian Arts Building (1915)
823:
392:Moorish Revival architecture
234:Panama–California Exposition
78:Panama–California Exposition
7:
5118:Pueblo Revival architecture
5078:World's fairs in California
4896:San Diego Hall of Champions
4891:San Diego Automotive Museum
4871:Museum of Photographic Arts
4866:Mingei International Museum
4784:Morley Field Sports Complex
3316:Sesquicentennial Exposition
3241:Irish Industrial Exposition
1765:Hispanic Arizona, 1536–1856
1166:later used by military and
1060:Palace of Education (1935)
976:
350:The exposition was held in
10:
5159:
5025:California State Route 163
4861:Centro Cultural de la Raza
4809:Spanish Village Art Center
4774:Japanese Friendship Garden
3370:1964 New York World's Fair
3355:1939 New York World's Fair
3217:National Export Exposition
3212:Greater America Exposition
3021:, 61, no. 1 (Winter 2015).
3003:Arcadia Publishing, 2007,
2944:Starr, Raymond G. (1986).
2908:The Romance of Balboa Park
2887:Amero, Richard W. (2013).
1762:Officer, James E. (1990).
1617:"Hard Times, High Visions"
1039:1971 reconstruction named
944:St. Francis of Assisi
918:(completed April 12, 1914)
747:
509:San Diego Electric Railway
31:
5108:Bertram Goodhue buildings
5088:1916 in the United States
5083:1915 in the United States
5052:Zoro Garden Nudist Colony
5000:
4962:William Templeton Johnson
4939:
4853:
4832:
4686:
4615:
4575:
4504:
4363:
4122:
4054:
4023:
4014:
3887:
3688:
3582:
3452:
3438:
3323:Yorktown Sesquicentennial
3261:Hudson–Fulton Celebration
3126:
2558:, National Park Service,
1204:California State Building
929:California State Building
853:
491:
461:in La Jolla and the 1926
309:
219:
214:
209:
198:January 1, 1917
194:
183:January 1, 1915
179:
174:
137:
127:
119:
111:
106:
98:
90:
82:
74:
63:
58:
46:
41:
4901:San Diego History Center
4709:Ballet Folklorico Aztlan
3001:San Diego's Balboa Park.
2673:Committee of One Hundred
2073:San Diego History Center
1998:Krystyn R. Moon (2005).
1318:San Diego History Center
1281:Marshall, David (2007).
983:Later or alternate name
971:Spreckels Organ Pavilion
957:Spreckels Organ pavilion
880:Spreckels Organ Pavilion
871:Spreckels Organ Pavilion
584:Spreckels Organ Pavilion
538:Convention at Monterey.
5073:Balboa Park (San Diego)
4911:San Diego Museum of Art
4886:San Diego Art Institute
4754:George W. Marston House
4496:New York City 1964–1965
4486:San Francisco 1939–1940
4371:New York City 1826–1897
3303:California Liberty Fair
3221:Pan-American Exposition
3161:World Cotton Centennial
3131:American Institute Fair
2268:Christman (1985), p. 45
2220:Christman (1985), p. 46
1712:Gebhard, David (1967).
1559:Christman (1985), p. 16
1514:Christman (1985), p. 43
1188:Jacobs Building (2007)
1154:San Diego Museum of Art
910:La Laguna de Las Flores
898:La Laguna de Las Flores
756:ceremoniously pushed a
287:"Colonel" D. C. Collier
262:Gilbert Aubrey Davidson
210:Specialized expositions
86:640 acres (260 ha)
70:Unrecognized exposition
4046:Johannesburg 1936–1937
3342:Great Lakes Exposition
3268:Admission Day Festival
2623:Cite journal requires
2511:Pourade (1965), p. 218
2385:Pourade (1965), p. 199
2353:Pourade (1965), p. 194
2344:Pourade (1965), p. 197
2316:Pourade (1965), p. 195
2307:Pourade (1965), p. 193
2280:Pourade (1965), p. 183
2124:Pourade (1965), p. 198
1496:Cite journal requires
1408:Pourade (1965), p. 186
1265:
1255:
1205:
1161:Painted Desert (1915)
1081:built on site in 1965
966:
958:
900:
862:
790:William Jennings Bryan
781:
666:
621:
501:
463:Carthay Circle Theatre
450:with some elements of
448:Victorian architecture
379:
319:
256:Proposal and formation
159:32.73139°N 117.15028°W
5047:San Diego High School
4724:California Quadrangle
4431:Portland, Oregon 1905
4087:Taihoku (Taipei) 1935
3365:Century 21 Exposition
3141:Centennial Exposition
3116:List of world's fairs
2999:Marshall, David AIA.
2703:National Park Service
2502:Showley (2000), p. 94
2158:San Diego Uptown News
1872:Brandes, Ray (1981).
1324:on September 22, 2012
1263:
1203:
1170:; demolished in 1946
964:
956:
896:
858:
798:Franklin D. Roosevelt
796:and future President
794:Secretary of the Navy
788:, Secretary of State
779:
765:and on Navy ships in
664:
619:
594:California Quadrangle
580:California Quadrangle
499:
377:
356:Vasco Núñez de Balboa
317:
4926:Timken Museum of Art
4779:Moreton Bay Fig Tree
4764:House of Hospitality
4714:Bea Evenson Fountain
4567:Wellington 1939–1940
4426:Charleston 1901–1902
4386:Louisville 1883–1887
4107:Chiang Mai 2011–2012
3974:Chiang Mai 2006–2007
3245:Jamestown Exposition
3192:(Atlanta Exposition)
2969:Bokovoy, Matthew R.
2865:on November 28, 2014
2834:on November 29, 2014
2709:on December 13, 2010
2602:on November 29, 2014
2532:Amero (2013), p. 139
2493:Amero (2013), p. 127
2484:Amero (2013), p. 116
2441:Amero (2013), p. 114
2432:Amero (2013), p. 117
2423:Amero (2013), p. 108
2411:Amero (2013), p. 106
2399:Amero (2013), p. 133
2371:Starr (1986), p. 128
2362:Amero (2013), p. 101
2229:Amero (2013), p. 148
2164:on November 29, 2014
2079:on November 22, 2014
2056:on November 22, 2014
1968:Starr (1986), p. 129
1956:Amero (2013), p. 165
1800:Starr (1986), p. 127
1650:on November 22, 2014
1627:on November 22, 2014
1604:on November 22, 2014
1532:Amero (2013), p. 222
1367:on November 29, 2014
1079:Timken Museum of Art
1026:House Of Hospitality
1024:altered and renamed
800:, former presidents
569:Permanent structures
536:State Constitutional
279:Ulysses S. Grant Jr.
164:32.73139; -117.15028
5037:Municipal Gymnasium
4799:San Diego Velodrome
4699:Balboa Park Gardens
4603:Rio de Janeiro 1922
4476:Cleveland 1936–1937
4466:San Diego 1935–1936
4451:San Diego 1915–1917
4041:Kimberley 1892–1893
3964:Haarlemmermeer 2002
3609:Port-au-Prince 1949
3327:Century of Progress
3169:Piedmont Exposition
3156:Southern Exposition
2679:on October 25, 2014
2520:Amero (2013), p. 99
2328:Amero (2013), p. 85
2298:Amero (2013), p. 54
2289:Amero (2013), p. 53
2259:Amero (2013), p. 71
2250:Amero (2013), p. 62
2238:Amero (2013), p. 49
2185:Amero (2013), p. 56
2142:Amero (2013), p. 51
2133:Amero (2013), p. 27
2035:Amero (2013), p. 47
1947:Amero (2013), p. 60
1935:Amero (2013), p. 48
1926:Amero (2013), p. 57
1917:Amero (2013), p. 50
1908:Amero (2013), p. 36
1899:Amero (2013), p. 35
1827:on December 8, 2014
1702:Amero (2013), p. 46
1644:American Experience
1581:(1). Archived from
1550:Amero (2013), p. 19
1541:Amero (2013), p. 39
1523:Amero (2013), p. 34
1448:Amero (2013), p. 26
1394:Amero (2013), p. 17
1385:Amero (2013), p. 16
1347:Amero (2013), p. 13
802:William Howard Taft
612:Temporary buildings
514:From the west, the
459:the Bishop's School
440:Spanish Renaissance
424:California Building
281:and vice president
271:William Howard Taft
155: /
42:1915–1916 San Diego
5093:1910s in San Diego
4719:Botanical Building
4557:Auckland 1913–1914
4401:San Francisco 1894
4062:Calcutta 1883–1884
3892:exhibitions (AIPH)
3604:New York 1939–1940
3559:San Francisco 1915
3031:Redman, Samuel J.
1287:Arcadia Publishing
1266:
1206:
967:
959:
901:
869:, speaking at the
867:Theodore Roosevelt
806:Theodore Roosevelt
786:Thomas R. Marshall
782:
667:
622:
598:California mission
502:
438:in the style of a
432:Botanical Building
380:
320:
306:in 1911 and 1913.
5060:
5059:
4789:Old Globe Theatre
4644:
4643:
4621:COVID-19 pandemic
4611:
4610:
4598:Buenos Aires 1910
4552:Christchurch 1906
4461:Philadelphia 1926
3871:Buenos Aires 2023
3489:Philadelphia 1876
3432:World exhibitions
3398:
3397:
3385:1982 World's Fair
3351:Pan American Fair
3309:French Exposition
3041:978-0-674-66041-0
3013:McClain, Molly. "
3009:978-0-7385-4754-1
2985:Kropp, Phoebe S.
2898:978-1-62619-345-1
2457:Los Angeles Times
2103:on April 11, 2013
2097:Los Angeles Times
2011:978-0-8135-3507-4
1991:978-3-412-50532-5
1775:978-0-8165-1152-5
1296:978-0-7385-4754-1
1198:
1197:
1124:Civic Auditorium
409:Seville Cathedral
375:
324:John Galen Howard
283:John D. Spreckels
230:
229:
16:(Redirected from
5150:
4992:Carleton Winslow
4744:El Prado Complex
4680:
4671:
4664:
4657:
4648:
4647:
4636:World portal
4634:
4633:
4391:New Orleans 1884
4155:London 1871–1874
4021:
4020:
3810:New Orleans 1984
3780:San Antonio 1968
3755:Helsingborg 1955
3425:
3418:
3411:
3402:
3401:
3265:Portolá Festival
3109:
3102:
3095:
3086:
3085:
2959:
2940:
2921:
2902:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2861:. Archived from
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2830:. Archived from
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2705:. Archived from
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2675:. Archived from
2665:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2649:. April 14, 2015
2639:
2633:
2632:
2626:
2621:
2619:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2557:
2546:
2533:
2530:
2521:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2433:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2412:
2409:
2400:
2397:
2386:
2383:
2372:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2345:
2342:
2329:
2326:
2317:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2281:
2278:
2269:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2239:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2160:. Archived from
2149:
2143:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2125:
2122:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2099:. Archived from
2088:
2086:
2084:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2015:
1995:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1957:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1936:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1888:
1887:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1852:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1826:
1815:
1807:
1801:
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1759:
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1755:
1749:
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1700:
1694:
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1657:
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1634:
1632:
1621:Bancroft Library
1613:
1611:
1609:
1596:Smith, James R.
1593:
1587:
1586:
1585:on June 4, 2011.
1566:
1560:
1557:
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1524:
1521:
1515:
1512:
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1499:
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1484:
1482:
1480:
1475:on July 22, 2014
1460:
1449:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1426:. Archived from
1415:
1409:
1406:
1395:
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1386:
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1377:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1357:
1348:
1345:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1320:. Archived from
1307:
1301:
1300:
1278:
1065:Balboa Park Club
980:Exposition name
977:
874:
873:on July 27, 1915
831:Josephus Daniels
651:El Prado Complex
559:Jesse L. Nusbaum
543:Santa Fe Railway
528:Furio Piccirilli
452:classical styles
436:Thomas B. Hunter
428:Spanish colonial
376:
340:Olmsted Brothers
336:Carleton Winslow
238:world exposition
205:
203:
190:
188:
170:
169:
167:
166:
165:
160:
156:
153:
152:
151:
148:
51:
39:
38:
21:
5158:
5157:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5063:
5062:
5061:
5056:
5015:Cabrillo Bridge
4996:
4982:Salvador Torres
4947:Bertram Goodhue
4935:
4849:
4828:
4794:Plaza de Panama
4682:
4678:
4675:
4645:
4640:
4628:
4625: Cancelled
4607:
4571:
4500:
4359:
4320:Gothenburg 1923
4300:Kristiania 1914
4185:Copenhagen 1888
4140:Manchester 1857
4118:
4113:Udon Thani 2026
4050:
4016:
4010:
3949:Zoetermeer 1992
3891:
3889:
3883:
3760:Beit Dagan 1956
3692:
3690:
3684:
3586:
3584:
3578:
3456:
3454:
3448:
3434:
3429:
3399:
3394:
3122:
3113:
3049:
2966:
2964:Further reading
2956:
2937:
2927:Gold in the Sun
2918:
2899:
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2016:
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1433:
1431:
1430:on May 27, 2024
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1258:
1249:
1232:
1220:Roscoe Arbuckle
916:Cabrillo Bridge
876:
864:
856:
835:Plaza de Panama
826:
750:
711:
659:
614:
605:Churrigueresque
571:
516:Cabrillo Bridge
494:
485:
477:Spanish gardens
467:1925 earthquake
388:Churrigueresque
384:Spanish Baroque
366:
364:
348:
346:Exposition site
328:Bertram Goodhue
312:
295:Mission Revival
258:
226:(San Francisco)
201:
199:
186:
184:
163:
161:
157:
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54:
37:
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23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5156:
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5143:1916 festivals
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5138:1915 festivals
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4997:
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4989:
4987:A.R. Valentien
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4967:Samuel Parsons
4964:
4959:
4954:
4952:George Marston
4949:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4819:Starlight Bowl
4816:
4814:Organ Pavilion
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4759:House of Charm
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4734:Casa del Prado
4731:
4729:Casa de Balboa
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4704:Balboa Stadium
4701:
4696:
4694:Alcazar Garden
4690:
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4585:
4579:
4577:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4542:Melbourne 1888
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4522:Melbourne 1875
4519:
4514:
4512:Melbourne 1866
4508:
4506:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4446:Knoxville 1913
4443:
4438:
4436:Jamestown 1907
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4411:Nashville 1897
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4355:Stockholm 1943
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4335:Stockholm 1930
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4315:Marseille 1922
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4245:Marseille 1906
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4220:Stockholm 1897
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4195:Frankfurt 1891
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4175:Liverpool 1886
4172:
4170:Amsterdam 1883
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4150:Stockholm 1866
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4109:
4104:
4099:
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4074:
4069:
4064:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4036:Cape Town 1877
4033:
4027:
4025:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3954:Stuttgart 1993
3951:
3946:
3941:
3939:Liverpool 1984
3936:
3931:
3929:Amsterdam 1982
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3909:Amsterdam 1972
3906:
3901:
3899:Rotterdam 1960
3895:
3893:
3888:BIE-recognized
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3874:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3825:Vancouver 1986
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3805:Knoxville 1982
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3735:Jerusalem 1953
3732:
3727:
3722:
3720:Stockholm 1949
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3700:Stockholm 1936
3696:
3694:
3689:BIE-recognized
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3590:
3588:
3583:BIE-recognized
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3564:Barcelona 1929
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3529:St. Louis 1904
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3504:Barcelona 1888
3501:
3499:Melbourne 1880
3496:
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3471:
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3048:
3047:External links
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2690:
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2625:|journal=
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1937:
1928:
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1733:10.2307/988417
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1094:House of Charm
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1041:Casa del Prado
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1013:Casa de Balboa
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822:
763:Fort Rosecrans
754:Woodrow Wilson
749:
746:
710:
709:Other features
707:
703:electriquettes
658:
657:Transportation
655:
643:Casa del Prado
613:
610:
570:
567:
520:century plants
493:
490:
484:
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363:
360:
347:
344:
330:and appointed
311:
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291:Pueblo Revival
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4983:
4980:
4978:
4977:Kate Sessions
4975:
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4972:Richard Requa
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4957:Ephraim Morse
4955:
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4804:San Diego Zoo
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4749:Ford Building
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4739:Electriquette
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4588:Santiago 1875
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4576:South America
4574:
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4550:
4548:
4545:
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4537:Adelaide 1887
4535:
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4527:Brisbane 1876
4525:
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4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4364:North America
4362:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4260:Zaragoza 1908
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4102:Shenyang 2006
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4082:Hangzhou 1929
4080:
4078:
4077:Semarang 1914
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4031:Freetown 1865
4029:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4019:
4013:
4007:
4006:
4005:Yokohama 2027
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3924:Montreal 1980
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3890:horticultural
3886:
3880:
3879:
3878:Belgrade 2027
3875:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3855:Zaragoza 2008
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3830:Brisbane 1988
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3785:Budapest 1971
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3705:Helsinki 1938
3703:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3656:Shanghai 2010
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3646:Hannover 2000
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3624:Montreal 1967
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3614:Brussels 1958
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3594:Brussels 1935
3592:
3591:
3589:
3581:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3544:Brussels 1910
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3519:Brussels 1897
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3453:Retroactively
3451:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3433:
3426:
3421:
3419:
3414:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3375:HemisFair '68
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3120:United States
3117:
3110:
3105:
3103:
3098:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3051:
3050:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2996:
2995:0-520-24364-1
2992:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2979:0-8263-3642-6
2976:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2957:
2955:0-89865-484-X
2951:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2936:0-913938-04-1
2932:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2917:0-918740-03-7
2913:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2890:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2864:
2860:
2859:U-T San Diego
2856:
2849:
2833:
2829:
2828:U-T San Diego
2825:
2818:
2802:
2798:
2797:The Oregonian
2794:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2754:
2750:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2694:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2630:
2617:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2586:
2576:
2575:
2561:
2554:
2553:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2517:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2479:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2447:
2438:
2429:
2420:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2368:
2359:
2350:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2325:
2323:
2313:
2304:
2295:
2286:
2277:
2275:
2265:
2256:
2247:
2245:
2235:
2226:
2217:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2182:
2180:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2139:
2130:
2121:
2119:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2032:
2024:
2023:
2013:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1974:
1965:
1963:
1953:
1944:
1942:
1932:
1923:
1914:
1905:
1896:
1894:
1885:
1883:0-86558-006-5
1879:
1875:
1868:
1860:
1859:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1806:
1797:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1699:
1691:
1689:0-19-504233-6
1685:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1668:
1666:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1511:
1503:
1490:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1445:
1429:
1425:
1424:U-T San Diego
1421:
1414:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1391:
1382:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1354:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1306:
1298:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1277:
1273:
1262:
1253:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1224:Mabel Normand
1221:
1217:
1216:
1210:
1202:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1000:
996:
993:
990:
989:
985:
982:
979:
978:
972:
969:
968:
963:
955:
948:
945:
941:
938:
934:
930:
927:
924:
920:
917:
914:
911:
907:
903:
902:
899:
895:
891:
888:
886:
885:San Diego Zoo
881:
875:
872:
868:
861:
851:
847:
844:
840:
836:
832:
821:
819:
815:
811:
810:Thomas Edison
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
778:
774:
770:
768:
767:San Diego Bay
764:
759:
755:
745:
742:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
715:
706:
704:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
680:Mission Hills
677:
673:
663:
654:
652:
648:
644:
639:
635:
631:
626:
618:
609:
606:
602:
599:
595:
590:
587:
585:
581:
577:
566:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
537:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
512:
510:
505:
498:
489:
480:
478:
475:
470:
468:
464:
460:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
405:Giralda Tower
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
359:
357:
353:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
316:
307:
305:
304:Hiram Johnson
299:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
275:
272:
268:
263:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
225:
222:
218:
213:
208:
197:
193:
182:
178:
173:
168:
140:
136:
133:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:United States
114:
110:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
66:
62:
57:
50:
45:
40:
35:
30:
19:
5029:
5007:
4876:Museum of Us
4839:
4562:Dunedin 1925
4547:Dunedin 1889
4491:Chicago 1940
4450:
4441:Seattle 1909
4421:Buffalo 1901
4406:Atlanta 1895
4396:Atlanta 1887
4381:Atlanta 1881
4350:Glasgow 1938
4330:Antwerp 1930
4290:Cologne 1914
4270:Dresden 1911
4225:Glasgow 1901
4190:Glasgow 1888
4111:
4072:Nanking 1910
4003:
3989:Beijing 2019
3984:Antalya 2016
3969:Rostock 2003
3959:Kunming 1999
3914:Hamburg 1973
3876:
3869:
3835:Plovdiv 1991
3820:Tsukuba 1985
3815:Plovdiv 1985
3800:Plovdiv 1981
3795:Okinawa 1975
3790:Spokane 1974
3677:
3670:
3641:Seville 1992
3635:Chicago 1992
3633:
3619:Seattle 1962
3574:Chicago 1933
3569:Seville 1929
3514:Chicago 1893
3293:
3072:
3063:
3054:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3000:
2986:
2970:
2945:
2926:
2907:
2888:
2881:Bibliography
2869:November 22,
2867:. Retrieved
2863:the original
2858:
2848:
2838:November 22,
2836:. Retrieved
2832:the original
2827:
2817:
2805:. Retrieved
2796:
2781:. Retrieved
2772:
2757:. Retrieved
2738:. Retrieved
2723:
2713:December 14,
2711:. Retrieved
2707:the original
2693:
2683:November 22,
2681:. Retrieved
2677:the original
2672:
2663:
2651:. Retrieved
2646:
2637:
2616:cite journal
2604:. Retrieved
2600:the original
2595:
2585:
2573:
2564:, retrieved
2551:
2516:
2507:
2498:
2489:
2465:. Retrieved
2456:
2446:
2437:
2428:
2367:
2358:
2349:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2264:
2255:
2234:
2225:
2216:
2204:. Retrieved
2190:
2166:. Retrieved
2162:the original
2157:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2105:. Retrieved
2101:the original
2096:
2083:November 22,
2081:. Retrieved
2077:the original
2072:
2060:November 22,
2058:. Retrieved
2054:the original
2049:
2040:
2031:
2020:
2000:
1980:
1973:
1952:
1931:
1922:
1913:
1904:
1873:
1867:
1857:
1831:November 22,
1829:. Retrieved
1822:the original
1817:
1805:
1796:
1786:November 22,
1784:. Retrieved
1764:
1754:November 22,
1752:. Retrieved
1724:
1720:
1707:
1698:
1674:
1654:November 22,
1652:. Retrieved
1648:the original
1643:
1631:November 22,
1629:. Retrieved
1625:the original
1620:
1608:November 22,
1606:. Retrieved
1602:the original
1591:
1583:the original
1578:
1574:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1537:
1528:
1519:
1510:
1489:cite journal
1477:. Retrieved
1473:the original
1468:
1444:
1432:. Retrieved
1428:the original
1423:
1413:
1390:
1381:
1371:November 16,
1369:. Retrieved
1365:the original
1326:. Retrieved
1322:the original
1312:
1305:
1282:
1276:
1250:
1241:
1233:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1191:now used by
1152:replaced by
1077:demolished;
1063:now used by
999:Museum of Us
933:Museum of Us
909:
897:
889:
877:
863:
859:
848:
838:
827:
818:Liberty Bell
783:
771:
751:
743:
716:
712:
700:
668:
638:watercourses
633:
630:streetlights
627:
623:
591:
588:
572:
563:
540:
532:
524:Doric orders
513:
506:
503:
486:
483:Construction
471:
456:
421:
396:neoclassical
381:
349:
321:
300:
276:
259:
246:Panama Canal
233:
231:
215:Simultaneous
99:Organized by
29:
4833:Expositions
4824:Zoro Garden
4687:Attractions
4679:Balboa Park
4532:Sydney 1879
4517:Sydney 1870
4481:Dallas 1937
4471:Dallas 1936
4310:London 1921
4295:London 1914
4280:London 1912
4275:London 1911
4265:London 1910
4255:London 1908
4250:Dublin 1907
4240:London 1906
4235:London 1905
4215:Berlin 1896
4210:Oporto 1894
4200:Prague 1891
4180:London 1886
4165:Vienna 1873
4135:Dublin 1853
4130:London 1760
4092:Nagoya 1937
3994:Almere 2022
3934:Munich 1983
3919:Vienna 1974
3865:Astana 2017
3850:Lisbon 1998
3845:Taejŏn 1993
3775:Munich 1965
3765:Berlin 1957
3745:Naples 1954
3693:expositions
3691:specialized
3679:Riyadh 2030
3587:expositions
3484:Vienna 1873
3474:London 1862
3464:London 1851
3457:expositions
2653:January 24,
1180:demolished
1105:demolished
1052:demolished
923:weathervane
843:World War I
808:, inventor
692:Golden Hill
672:Ocean Beach
352:Balboa Park
332:Irving Gill
250:Balboa Park
162: /
150:117°09′01″W
138:Coordinates
132:Balboa Park
5067:Categories
4593:Quito 1909
4456:Bronx 1918
4416:Omaha 1898
4345:Porto 1934
4340:Paris 1931
4305:Malmö 1914
4145:Porto 1865
4097:Clark 1998
4067:Hanoi 1902
4017:recognized
3979:Venlo 2012
3944:Osaka 1990
3904:Paris 1969
3860:Yeosu 2012
3840:Genoa 1992
3770:Turin 1961
3750:Turin 1955
3730:Lille 1951
3715:Paris 1947
3710:Liège 1939
3672:Osaka 2025
3666:Dubai 2020
3661:Milan 2015
3651:Aichi 2005
3629:Osaka 1970
3599:Paris 1937
3554:Ghent 1913
3549:Turin 1911
3539:Milan 1906
3534:Liège 1905
3524:Paris 1900
3509:Paris 1889
3494:Paris 1878
3479:Paris 1867
3469:Paris 1855
3455:recognized
3195:Irish Fair
2669:"About Us"
2606:January 3,
1269:References
1247:Centennial
1168:Boy Scouts
942:Chapel of
937:Guanajuato
814:Henry Ford
735:Washington
731:New Mexico
696:Kensington
688:North Park
674:, through
415:, and the
400:Beaux-Arts
202:1917-01-01
187:1915-01-01
147:32°43′53″N
4583:Lima 1872
4285:Lyon 1914
4230:Cork 1902
4205:Lyon 1894
4160:Lyon 1872
3999:Doha 2023
3740:Rome 1953
3725:Lyon 1949
3585:Universal
2046:"History"
1328:March 24,
1218:starring
939:, Mexico.
824:Extension
758:telegraph
474:courtyard
242:San Diego
123:San Diego
94:3,747,916
4015:Not BIE-
3380:Expo '74
2807:March 2,
2801:Archived
2783:March 2,
2777:Archived
2759:March 2,
2753:Archived
2740:March 2,
2734:Archived
2566:June 22,
2560:archived
2461:Archived
2200:Archived
2168:June 18,
1780:Archived
1745:Archived
1479:June 28,
1434:June 28,
1156:in 1926
684:Coronado
676:Downtown
649:-listed
634:portales
578:-listed
240:held in
175:Timeline
107:Location
91:Visitors
59:Overview
5001:Related
4854:Museums
4505:Oceania
3118:in the
2206:May 30,
2107:July 7,
748:Opening
723:Montana
407:at the
200: (
195:Closure
185: (
180:Opening
112:Country
4940:People
4123:Europe
4024:Africa
3238:(1905)
3214:(1899)
3039:
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2933:
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2895:
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2467:May 6,
2008:
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1880:
1772:
1741:988417
1739:
1686:
1293:
986:Notes
854:Legacy
737:, and
727:Nevada
719:Kansas
694:, and
553:, and
551:Navajo
547:Apache
492:Layout
411:, the
310:Design
236:was a
67:-class
3445:(BIE)
2556:(PDF)
1825:(PDF)
1814:(PDF)
1748:(PDF)
1737:JSTOR
1717:(PDF)
601:adobe
220:Other
128:Venue
4055:Asia
3037:ISBN
3005:ISBN
2991:ISBN
2975:ISBN
2950:ISBN
2931:ISBN
2912:ISBN
2893:ISBN
2871:2014
2840:2014
2809:2017
2785:2017
2773:KPBS
2761:2017
2742:2017
2715:2014
2685:2014
2655:2022
2629:help
2608:2015
2571:and
2568:2009
2469:2017
2208:2023
2170:2014
2109:2017
2085:2014
2062:2014
2022:1915
2006:ISBN
1986:ISBN
1878:ISBN
1833:2014
1788:2014
1770:ISBN
1756:2014
1684:ISBN
1656:2014
1633:2014
1610:2014
1502:help
1481:2014
1436:2014
1373:2014
1330:2013
1291:ISBN
1234:The
1222:and
906:lath
804:and
739:Utah
555:Tewa
398:and
293:and
232:The
120:City
83:Area
75:Name
3017:."
1729:doi
1680:405
1256:Map
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