4176:. The workers went on strike demanding higher pay, back pay, and better safety. The average worker was getting paid $ 2.90/hr and a skilled worker was paid $ 3.52/hr. After the strike average worker was getting paid about $ 4.90/hr and skilled about $ 7.10/hr. The union's secretary general, Genaro Lopez, argued that while some construction jobs would be created by the project, the debt that Panama incurs to build a third set of locks will not be defrayed by increased canal usage and thus an increased part of canal revenues will go toward paying the debt, reducing the waterway's contributions to the national government's general fund, in turn reducing the money available for road projects, public schools, police protection, and other government services.
4248:, former sub-administrator of the Panama Canal Commission Fernando Manfredo, shipping consultant Julio Manduley, and industrial entrepreneur George Richa M. said that the expansion was not necessary; they claimed that the construction of a mega-port on the Pacific side would be sufficient to meet probable future demand. Such a port would be the second in the American Pacific deep enough to handle post-Panamax ships, the first being Los Angeles. As Panama is already a natural trading route, it would be able to handle the movement of containers from the Pacific to the Atlantic side via railroad, where containers would be reloaded to other ships for worldwide distribution. In addition, the following organizations and people oppose the project:
3473:
4256:(COHA) stated in a press release that under the Torrijos government, the expanding Panama Canal would not likely serve the needs of the vast majority of Panamanians. Many of the benefits would be tied to the commercial interests of the country's accountants, bankers, and lawyers, as well as their US counterparts, and world trade. They also said that the administration's rampant corruption and other flaws raised questions about Panama's capacity to supervise such an enormous project. COHA has received some letters pointing out factual errors in its statement, and plans to modify its statement in response.
3792:
4003:
3962:
4040:, alleges that the economic and financial projections are based on manipulated data. Independent engineers, most notably Humberto Reynolds and TomĂĄs Drohan Ruiz, the former head of engineering and dredging of the Panama Canal, said that the project would cost much more than budgeted and that it was too risky for Panama. M. A. Bernal, a professor at the University of Panama, argued that confidence in the ACP's budget is undermined because of the involvement of engineering and consultancy firm Parsons Brinckerhoff.
3908:
the chamber, the top three slices (1, 2, and 3) are emptied, one by one, into three basins, each at a successively lower elevation. That is, water slice 1 is emptied from the chamber, using gravity and valves, into a basin that is at the same level as water slice 2. Then water slice 2 is emptied into a basin at the same level as water slice 3, and slice 3 is emptied into a basin at the same level as slice 4. Water slices 4 and 5 are emptied into the next lock chamber and "lost" (as in the original canal locks).
2419:
2347:
2288:
1255:
1189:
1105:
33:
3869:
3701:
3877:
1794:
1417:
775:
3130:
2793:
2647:
2581:
2444:
2411:
2339:
2280:
2102:
1926:
1272:
1206:
1122:
907:
381:
1801:
1709:
1680:
1672:
1605:
1597:
1545:
1537:
1479:
3066:
2596:
2477:
2160:
2094:
1833:
1520:
1453:
1392:
1308:
1025:
940:
796:
4294:
3341:
3334:
3022:
2902:
2895:
2693:
2686:
2614:
2538:
2484:
2436:
2403:
2361:
2331:
2272:
2218:
2211:
2124:
1900:
1826:
1818:
1810:
1637:
1622:
1614:
1461:
1444:
1377:
1264:
1198:
1182:
1114:
1098:
1065:
961:
834:
560:
553:
438:
431:
272:
209:
4114:
3415:
3388:
3361:
3112:
3094:
3076:
3058:
3040:
2975:
2631:
2622:
2606:
2574:
2556:
2131:
1867:
1738:
1402:
1367:
1359:
1299:
1241:
1175:
1091:
1051:
993:
891:
882:
875:
859:
850:
842:
789:
782:
767:
701:
693:
675:
665:
545:
423:
374:
358:
340:
315:
290:
280:
3599:
3311:
3304:
2991:
2952:
2923:
2916:
2881:
2809:
2779:
2714:
2707:
2672:
2588:
2564:
2546:
2428:
2295:
2184:
2176:
2167:
2053:
2045:
2028:
2020:
2012:
2002:
1994:
1985:
1978:
1630:
1331:
1324:
1248:
1058:
1018:
1002:
926:
803:
759:
723:
657:
583:
574:
537:
461:
452:
415:
3438:
3408:
3211:
3203:
3195:
3186:
3138:
2983:
2966:
2959:
2888:
2817:
2786:
2679:
2470:
2354:
1892:
1875:
1746:
1701:
1664:
1589:
1529:
1471:
1409:
1384:
1316:
1010:
867:
683:
591:
469:
366:
348:
333:
323:
308:
298:
3368:
3120:
3102:
3084:
3048:
3030:
2909:
2800:
2700:
2639:
2491:
2451:
2302:
2225:
2192:
2117:
2110:
2085:
2078:
2037:
1933:
1883:
1754:
1717:
1487:
1425:
1338:
1280:
1214:
1130:
1072:
1032:
968:
954:
947:
933:
899:
716:
709:
567:
445:
3688:
unsustainable and will be reduced via some sort of adjustment in the coming years (although such an imbalance need not be made up by physically shipped goods, but could be made by other trade such as intellectual property as China upgrades its intellectual property protection laws). The ACP, however, presumes that trade will continue to grow for a generation as it has for the past several years.
3820:, each with its own set of locks. The expansion project added a third lane through the construction of lock complexes at each end of the canal. One lock complex is located on the Pacific side, southwest of the existing Miraflores Locks. The other is located east of the existing Gatun Locks. Each of these new lock complexes have three consecutive chambers designed to move
3852:. The new lock chambers are 427 m (1,400.92 ft) long, 55 m (180.45 ft) wide, and 18.3 m (60.04 ft) deep. They use rolling gates instead of miter gates, which are used by the original locks. Rolling gates are used in almost all existing locks with dimensions similar to the new ones, and are a proven technology. The new locks use
4049:
the ACP for the project. Assuming that tolls increase at an annual average rate of 3.5 percent for 20 years, and according to the traffic demand forecast and construction schedule deemed most likely by the ACP, the external financing required would be temporary and in the order of US$ 2.3 billion to cover peak construction activities between 2009 and 2011.
3953:
water system to supply a daily average of 165,000,000 US gal (625,000 m; 137,000,000 imp gal) of additional water. This additional water volume is enough to provide an annual average of approximately 1,100 additional lockages without affecting the water supply for human use, which is also provided from Gatun and
Alhajuela Lakes.
3559:, in a 24 April 2006 speech announcing the project, said that the canal "is like our 'petroleum'. Just like the petroleum that has not been extracted is worthless and that in order to extract it you have to invest in infrastructure, the canal requires to expand its capacity to absorb the growing demand of cargo and generate more wealth for Panamanians".
4158:
related to the project during the peak years of construction. However, officials state that the most important impacts on employment will be medium and long term, and will come from the economic growth brought about by extra income generated by the expanded canal and the economic activities produced by the increase in canal cargo and vessel transits.
3573:
guaranteeing a specific day for transit and crossing the canal in 18 hours or less. ACP sells 24 of these daily slots up to 365 days in advance. Since 2006, ACP has made available a 25th slot, sold through the
Transit Slot Auction to the highest bidder. The second choice is high priority transit. The main customers of the Transit Booking System are
3900:
the Panama Canal, only the first (highest) lock chamber matters for this calculation. None of the lower locks use additional water; they have the same volume. Moreover, the ship's underwater volume does not matter, because that volume is present both before and after the change in water level and thus is part of the non-moved volume.
4053:
incentives in their toll programme, including a loyalty scheme, which are expected to combat the problems raised by increased fees. With the cash flow generated by the expanded canal, investment costs are expected to be recovered in less than 10 years, and financing could be repaid in approximately eight.
4133:(ENSO) and the threat to water supplies posed by El Niño. The ACP has commissioned studies by several consultants about water supply and quality problems. Some of the most prominent critics of the canal expansion plan from the point of view of water quality issues are Eric Jackson (editor of the online
4125:
The proposal says that the project will not permanently reduce water or air quality. The proposed water supply program maximizes the water capacity of Gatun and
Alhajuela Lakes and is designed to use water efficiently so that no new reservoirs will be required and no communities need to be displaced.
4015:
The main purpose of the canal expansion program is to increase Panama's ability to benefit from the growing traffic demand. This growing demand is manifested in both the increased cargo volumes and the size of vessels that will use the Panama route. In this sense, with a third set of locks, the canal
4048:
According to the ACP, the third set of locks would be financially profitable, producing a 12 percent internal rate of return. The project's financing is separate from the governmental budget. The state, which has a lower credit rating than the ACP, does not guarantee or endorse any loans borrowed by
4032:
to cover risks and unforeseen events, such as accidents, design changes, price increases, and possible delays. The cost of interest paid on loans during construction is not included. The largest cost is that associated with constructing the two new lock complexesâone each on the
Atlantic and Pacific
3952:
was raised by approximately 0.45 meters (1.5 feet) from the previous PLD level of 26.7 meters (88 feet) to a PLD level of 27.1 meters (89 feet). Combined with the widening and deepening of the navigational channels, this has increased Gatun Lake's usable water reserve capacity and allows the canal's
3907:
The water-saving basins function as follows: The volume of water moved by the lock chamber (e.g., a height of 30 ft (9 m)) can be divided into five equal horizontal "slices" (here, 1.8 m each). When the canal begins operation, the chamber is filled once from Gatun Lake. Then, when emptying
3895:
For the new locks, three basins are associated with each lock chamber. The volume lost per cycle is two-fifths of the "moving water" chamber volume. The other three-fifths is reused. An equal savings of water, based on the same principle, could be reached by adding more lock chambers. Constructing a
3891:
Operation of the locks, old and new, uses water from Gatun Lake. Even in the original situation with two lock lanes, water supply can be limited at the end of Panama's dry season, when the lake's water level is low. The addition of a third set of locks meant that this water supply issue needed to be
3722:
to commercial traffic could pose an alternative to the canal in the long term. Warmer waters in the Arctic Ocean could open the passage for an increasing number of months each year, making it more attractive as a major shipping route. However, the passage through the Arctic would require significant
3691:
One of the central points made by critics of canal expansion, most prominently former canal administrator
Fernando Manfredo, is that it is unrealistic to attempt to predict canal usage trends over a generation, improbable to expect that US imports from China will continue to grow for a generation as
4140:
Jackson contends that the ACP's public statements often do not match the findings of their studies. He argues that studies by Delft
Hydraulics, WPSI Inc., and DHI say that the proposed water-saving basins will allow more salt water into Gatun Lake, from which about half of Panama's population takes
3683:
cargo has replaced dry bulk as the canal's main income generator, moving it to second place. Vehicle carriers have become the third-largest income generator, replacing the liquid bulk segment. Shipping industry analyses conducted by the ACP and top industry experts indicate that the canal expansion
4092:
The financing is not tied; that is, contracts can be awarded to firms from any country. The loans are for 20 years, including a 10-year grace period. Under a common terms agreement, all five financial institutions agreed to provide the same loan conditions to the ACP. Shortly before, credit rating
3903:
The water used per lock operating cycle is therefore equal to the amount of water that flows into the first (upper) lock chamber when filling it from Gatun Lake. Reducing this volume requires reducing the chamber's width, length, or elevating height. Note that the elevating height has already been
3899:
Water usage is calculated per single lock cycle. It is determined by the water volume in a lock chamber between the levels it handles. Essentially, each cycle uses the volume of water discharged by the lock chamber (its width multiplied by its height and depth). When the locks are in stairs, as in
135:
It was initially announced that the Canal expansion would be completed by August 2014 to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the opening of the Panama Canal, but various setbacks, including strikes and disputes with the construction consortium over cost overruns, pushed the completion date back
3983:
Sixteen new lock gates were installed as part of the canal expansion: eight on the
Atlantic side, and eight on the Pacific. The installation process began in December 2014, with a 3,285-ton gate's installation on the Atlantic side; it concluded in April 2015, with the installation of a 4,232-ton
3973:
The construction of the third set of locks project was originally slated to take seven or eight years, with the new locks beginning operations between fiscal years 2014 and 2015, roughly 100 years after the canal first opened. In July 2012, however, it was announced that the expansion project had
3911:
When the lock moves a ship upward, the chamber is closed, and the water from the basin at level 4 is first let into the chamber, filling slice 5. Then basin level 3 fills chamber level 4, and basin level 2 fills chamber level 3. Next, chamber levels 2 and 1 are filled from Gatun Lake, "costing" a
3782:
The former head of the Panama Canal's dredging division, Thomas Drohan, a critic of the expansion plan, discounted allegations that this is a problem in the short term. He argued that if the supply of any good or service becomes short, businesses can raise their prices; this would apply to Panama
3687:
The growth in usage of the Panama Canal over the past few years has been almost entirely driven by increased US imports from China passing through the canal en route to ports on the US East and Gulf coasts. But it is increasingly recognized in both the US and China that this imbalance in trade is
3527:
ships, which have a greater cargo capacity than the current locks can handle. The new lock chambers are 180 ft (54.86 m) wide, 1,400 ft (426.72 m) long, and 60 ft (18.29 m) deep. These dimensions allow for an estimated 79% of all cargo-carrying vessels to transit the
4161:
The labor required for construction of the third set of locks was largely done by
Panamanians. To ensure the availability of Panamanian labor necessary for the third set of locks project and its connected activities, the ACP and public and private authorities worked jointly to train the required
4121:
The ACP's proposal claims that the project will not permanently harm the environment, communities, primary forests, national parks or forest reserves, relevant patrimonial or archaeological sites, agricultural or industrial production areas, or tourist or port areas. It says that any harm can be
3990:
In August 2015, a crack was reported in a concrete sill at the new CocolĂ locks, but it was not initially anticipated to affect the project completion timeline. By
November 2015, however, cracks discovered over the previous months threatened to delay project completion. Sill reinforcements were,
3745:
The proposal states that strengthening the canal's competitive position will allow it to accommodate demand and serve its customers. If the canal had the capacity to serve the growing demand, Panama could become the most important connectivity hub on the continent by joining together northâsouth
3741:
and their larger cargo volumes. According to the ACP, the growing usage of such ships in transcontinental routes competing with the canal is irreversible. It was estimated that by 2011 approximately 37% of the capacity of the world's container ship fleet would consist of vessels that did not fit
4157:
According to the ACP, the canal expansion's impact on employment was first to be observed in jobs directly generated by its construction. Approximately 35,000â40,000 new jobs were created during the construction of the third set of locks, including 6,500â7,000 additional jobs that were directly
4052:
The ACP's revenue projections are based on questionable assumptions about increased canal usage and shippers' willingness to pay higher tolls instead of seeking competing routes. In a bid to attract new business as well as keeping the current customers, the ACP is looking to implement financial
3562:
While the canal expansion was being completed, and considering the high operational costs of the vessels, the long queues that occur during the high season
December through March (sometimes up to a seven-day delay), and the high value of some of the cargo transported through the canal, the ACP
3572:
basis, as the canal historically has operated; or (2) booked service for a feeâa congestion charge. The booked service allows two options of fees. The Transit Booking System, available online, allowing customers who do not want to wait in queue to pay an additional 15% over the regular tolls,
4144:
However, one of the leading environmental organizations in Panama, the National Association for Nature Conservation (ANCON), says that the studies and projections of operations of the third set of locks, including the water-saving basins, credibly state that there will be very low levels of
3746:
continental routes and eastâwest transcontinental routes. Accordingly, the canal will continue to be viable and competitive in all of its routes and segments, and contribute significantly to Panama's development and growth while maintaining its position as a major world trade route.
3754:
According to the studies conducted by the ACP in 2005, the canal would reach its maximum sustainable capacity between 2009 and 2012. When it reached this capacity it would not be able to continue to handle growth in demand, resulting in a reduction in the competitiveness of the
3531:
All of the canal-widening studies since the 1930s determined that the best way to increase canal capacity was by building a third set of locks larger than the 1914 locks. The US began excavations for new locks in 1939, but abandoned them in 1942 because of the outbreak of
5376:
In June, 2016, a major expansion of the canal was completed, and the first ship through was an enormous Chinese freighter, designed to fit the new dimensions. "I got a big American naval ship to park right outside the locks, where the Chinese ship would see it," Feeley
3770:
Critics such as former legislator Keith Holder, co-author of the legislation that created the ACP, pointed out that canal usage is seasonal and that even during the few months when it is most crowded, the bottleneck that slows traffic is not the locks but the narrow
3920:
According to the plan, a 3.2 km (2.0 mi)-long access channel was excavated to connect the new Atlantic locks with the existing sea entrance of the canal. To connect the new Pacific-side locks with the existing channels, two new access channels were built:
3655:
The Panama Canal Authority predicts that the volume of cargo transiting the canal will grow by an average of 3% per year, doubling the 2005 tonnage by 2025. Allowing larger vessels to transit the canal will move more cargo per transit and volume of water used.
3994:
By January 2016, Panama's President Varela indicated that he anticipated the expansion to be complete around May 2016. The expanded canal began commercial operation on 26 June 2016. The first ship to cross the canal using the third set of locks was a modern
4169:, noting that according to the ACP's own studies, at the peak of construction there would be fewer than 6,000 jobs created, and that some of these would be highly skilled posts filled by foreigners because there are no Panamanians qualified to fill them.
3766:
The proposed expansion of the canal by the construction of a third set of locks would allow it to capture the entire demand projected through 2025 and beyond. Together, the existing and new locks approximately double the capacity of the canal.
3896:
stair of eight chambers (instead of three) to elevate 85 ft (26 m) would use an 11 ft (3.25 m) water slice per cycle. However, this would require ships to travel through eight locks, making ship handling less efficient.
3762:
As approved by the Panamanian people, construction for the expansion project was slated to conclude by April 2016. The ACP said it would use all possible means to stretch capacity until the construction was completed.
4191:
ANCON (the National Association for Nature Conservation) approved the environmental studies of the proposal and gave some recommendations before the project was approved. The following had also endorsed the proposal:
3723:
investment in escort vessels and staging ports. The Canadian commercial marine transport industry does not anticipate that this route will be a viable alternative to the Panama Canal within the next 10 to 20 years.
3929:, circumventing Miraflores Lake. This channel runs along the new Borinquen Dam that separates it from Miraflores Lake (which has a water level that is 9 m lower, due to the dislocation of the Pedro Miguel locks).
5889:
4137:), Gonzalo Menendez (former head of Panama's National Environmental Authority), and Ariel Rodriguez (a biologist at the University of Panama), and former Vice Minister of Public Works Grettel Villalaz de Allen.
3778:
Although the canal was nearing its maximum capacity, it did not mean that ships were unable to transit it. Rather, the canal's growth capacity stagnated and that it could not capture additional cargo volumes.
3567:
to allow a better management of the scarce capacity available and to increase the level of service offered to the shipping companies. The scheme gives users two choices: (1) transit by order of arrival on a
4056:
The $ 2.3 billion financing package for the canal expansion, signed in December 2008 in the midst of the global financial crisis, includes loans from the following government-owned financial institutions:
4162:
workforce, with sufficient lead time, so that it had the necessary competencies, capabilities, and certifications. The costs of these training programs were included in the cost estimates of the project.
4488:
3831:
Each chamber has three lateral water-saving basins, for a total of nine basins per lock and 18 basins in total. Just like the original locks, the new locks and their basins will be filled and emptied by
3512:(ACP) estimated that the canal would reach its maximum sustainable capacity between 2009 and 2012. The long-term solution for the congestion was the expansion of the canal with a third set of locks.
4270:
Most of the Panamanian left and most of the labor movement, including CONUSI (National Independent Syndicate Union) and FRENADESO (the National Front for the Defence of Social and Economic Rights).
3974:
fallen six months behind schedule, pushing the opening date back from October 2014 to April 2015. By September 2014, the new gates were projected to be open for transit at the "beginning of 2016."
136:
several times. Following additional difficulties including seepage from the new locks, the expansion was opened on 26 June 2016. The expansion doubled the Canalâs capacity. On March 2, 2018, the
5484:
3904:
reduced by staging the total 85 ft (26 m) elevation change into three locks. Were this change done in a single lock chamber, the water volume lost would be three times as much.
81:
by adding a new traffic lane, enabling more ships to transit the waterway, and increasing the width and depth of the lanes and locks, allowing larger ships to pass. The new ships, called
6079:
5268:
3912:
volume of 12 ft (3.6 m) instead of 30 ft (9 m) over the chamber area (2/5 of the elevation height). The ship is now at the level of Gatun Lake and can cross it.
4873:
4179:
Critics also claim that the project lacks an accompanying social development plan. Then-President Torrijos has since accepted the request to develop one with the mediation of the
3948:
Canal elevations are referred to using the Precise Level Datum (PLD), which is close to the mean sea level of the Atlantic and Pacific entrances. The maximum operational level of
3991:
however, anticipated to be completed by January, 2016. In early February 2016, the ACP reported that sill reinforcements, repairing the cracks detected earlier, were complete.
5872:
4141:
its drinking water. The ACP says that the problem can be reduced by "flushing" the new locks with fresh water from Gatun Lake, but this would defeat the water-saving feature.
6498:
5679:
4797:
4079:
3999:
vessel, the Chinese-owned container ship "Cosco Shipping Panama." The United States dispatched a navy ship to Panama to demonstrate U.S. naval power to the Chinese ship.
3523:, which are 110 ft (33.53 m) wide and 1,050 ft (320.04 m) long, and 41.2 ft (12.56 m) deep. The third set of locks allow transit of larger,
6438:
5886:
4922:
132:
approved the proposal by a 76.8 percent majority on 22 October the same year, and the Cabinet and National Assembly followed suit. The project formally began in 2007.
3711:
The most direct competition to the canal comes from alternative routes that present options for transporting cargo between the same points of origin and destination.
6297:
2936:
4420:
4016:
will be able to manage the traffic demand forecast beyond 2025; total inflation-adjusted revenues for that year are predicted to amount to over USD $ 6.2 billion.
3888:
to reduce the volume of water that is needed in lock operation. The operation of both the old and new locks uses gravity and valves. There is no pumping involved.
4033:
sidesâwith estimated costs of US$ 1.11 billion and US$ 1.03 billion each, plus a US$ 590 million provision for possible contingencies during their construction.
5467:
4492:
3987:
In June 2015, flooding of the new locks began: first on the Atlantic side, then on the Pacific; by then, the canal's re-inauguration was slated for April 2016.
5996:
5933:
5833:
4402:
4024:
In 2006, ACP estimated the cost of the third set of locks project at US$ 5.25 billion. This figure includes design, administration, construction, testing,
3803:
wait to cross the locks. At bottom, is the exit canal to the Atlantic Ocean. At left of the existing locks is the construction area for the new locks and
5488:
3734:. The main ports and merchandise distribution centers in these routes are investing in capacity, location, and maritime and land infrastructure to serve
5714:
4676:
5854:
5340:
5195:
6044:
6039:
5697:
3980:
In June 2012, a 100-foot-tall reinforced concrete monolith was completed, the first of 46 such monoliths that line the new Pacific-side lock walls.
5559:
4474:
4036:
Opponents contend the project is based on uncertain projections about maritime trade and the world economy. Roberto N. MĂ©ndez, an economist at the
5142:
5063:
6482:
4588:
3552:) for its 2025 master plan confirm that a third, larger set of locks is the most suitable, profitable, and environmentally responsible option.
17:
5512:
4149:
and that these levels will preserve the biological separation of the oceans while safekeeping biodiversity and water quality for human use.
6049:
5531:
5278:
3659:
Historically, the dry and liquid bulk segments have generated most of the canal's revenues. Bulk cargo includes dry goods, such as grains (
4877:
5905:
5768:
4692:
6472:
3845:
172:
3977:
In October 2011, the Panama Canal Authority announced the completion of the third phase of excavation for the Pacific access channel.
3684:
will be beneficial to both the canal and its users because of the demand that will be served by allowing the transit of more tonnage.
5622:
4846:
4626:
4117:
New Panama Canal Agua Clara locks (Atlantic side). The three sets of water-saving basins are shown on top of the canal locks, 2017.
4061:
3932:
The 1.8 km (1.1 mi) south access channel, which connects the new lock with the existing sea entrance on the Pacific Ocean
3848:
and suspended in 1942 because of World War II. The new locks are connected to the existing channel system through new navigational
5975:
5954:
5676:
5580:
5448:
5427:
5406:
4801:
4744:
5648:
5596:
4232:
3742:
through the canal, as it existed prior to 2016, and a great part of this fleet could be used on routes that compete with Panama.
3500:, requiring more transit time in the locks and channels. Also, periodic maintenance on the aging canal required shutdowns of the
1910:
1504:
129:
5315:
6331:
6119:
5367:
3564:
4930:
4824:
4436:
4180:
3476:
The Panama Canal has been working at full capacity for several years. Shown above are several dozen vessels queuing at the
5116:
4566:
4642:
2062:
6605:
6073:
6027:
5090:
4540:
4085:
3642:
733:
6523:
6243:
5390:
3624:
741:
6059:
4607:
4129:
Critics of the project contend that there are many environmental issues to be considered, such as the link between
3885:
3804:
3508:, and many users required a guaranteed level of service. Despite the gains which have been made in efficiency, the
5993:
5930:
5826:
3860:. As with rolling gates, tugs are successfully and widely used for these purposes in locks of similar dimensions.
6626:
6065:
4393:
4318:
4073:
5220:
4975:
3936:
The new channels on both the Atlantic and the Pacific sides are at least 218 meters (715 feet) wide, permitting
4253:
3609:
3423:
165:
5906:"Guillermo Endara's Vanguardia Moral de la Patria New party nears ballot status, prepares for first campaign"
5711:
4673:
4264:
4208:
Stanley Heckadon, former director of the INRENARE agency, predecessor of the National Environmental Authority
5851:
89:
size and can carry over twice as much cargo. The expanded canal began commercial operation on 26 June 2016.
6487:
6422:
3727:
5887:
Regarding COHAâs 8 August Release "Expanding the Panama Canal: A Wider Canal or More Governmental Payola?"
4770:
6642:
6351:
4267:
Party, MOLIRENA, a conservative, business-oriented party that normally gets about 10 percent of the vote.
5556:
5169:
3616:
3472:
6427:
6391:
6112:
5247:
5146:
5067:
5041:
5019:
4718:
3692:
they have the past few years, and irresponsible to bet Panama's financial future on such a projection.
6066:
Panama Canal Expansion Study â Phase I Report: Developments in Trade and National and Global Economies
4997:
4953:
4900:
3925:
The 6.2 km (3.9 mi) north access channel, which connects the new Pacific-side lock with the
6518:
6432:
6190:
4592:
4489:"Canal ampliado alcanza tres mil trĂĄnsitos neopanamax en 20 meses de operaciĂłn | Canal Ampliado"
2140:
190:
158:
4067:
4025:
3841:
3569:
737:
6381:
6336:
6205:
6069:
5873:
Expanding the Panama Canal: A wider canal or more government payola? â Press release of COHA
5509:
3966:
3620:
976:
54:
50:
5535:
6621:
6579:
6386:
6366:
6195:
6142:
4102:
3541:
3520:
3509:
3489:
3166:
137:
4172:
Among those who opposed the canal expansion proposal is Panama's construction workers' union,
2848:
2744:
6671:
6528:
6238:
6105:
5909:
5798:
5776:
4696:
4098:
3857:
628:
506:
4219:
6401:
6371:
6200:
4328:
4037:
4006:
Panoramic view of the construction works of the Panama Canal expansion project in July 2015
2144:
114:
6054:
4274:
8:
6443:
5626:
4850:
3849:
3505:
100:, one each on the Atlantic and Pacific sides, and excavated new channels to the new locks
5532:"Some worrisome environmental aspects of the Panama Canal expansion by Gonzalo Menendez"
5468:
EXCLUSIVE: New Panama Canal toll structure to be 'innovative' says Administrator Quijano
4623:
4456:
4277:(Grettel Villalaz de Allen and Gonzalo Menendez, mentioned above, and former legislator
3791:
3536:. This conclusion was again reached in the 1980s by the tripartite commission formed by
6554:
6406:
6158:
5972:
5951:
5852:
Statement by former President Illueca and others about the megaport in the Pacific side
5577:
5445:
5424:
5403:
3817:
3715:
2252:
97:
5652:
5600:
3556:
117:
6477:
6461:
6396:
6376:
6233:
4002:
3719:
6060:"Enlarging the Panama Canal For Larger Battleships", September 1940, Popular Science
6248:
4260:
4029:
3700:
3545:
2518:
66:
6228:
3961:
623:
501:
6559:
6031:
6000:
5979:
5958:
5937:
5893:
5858:
5837:
5749:
5735:
5718:
5683:
5584:
5563:
5516:
5452:
5431:
5410:
4680:
4630:
4406:
4313:
3582:
2387:
5248:"UPDATE: GUPC Announces Sill Reinforcements Work to be Complete in January 2016"
3488:
had limited capacity determined by operational times and cycles of the existing
32:
6304:
6292:
4307:
3738:
3578:
3257:
2932:
2854:
2750:
1780:
248:
144:
ships had crossed the canal expansion during its first 20 months of operation.
5269:"Repairs completed on cracks in new Panama Canal locks | Fox News Latino"
4745:"Engineering Design for the Panama Canal Third Set of Locks Expansion Program"
4517:
3868:
1646:
6665:
6180:
4299:
4245:
4223:
4215:
4212:
3705:
3680:
3477:
3251:
1850:
1841:
1500:
254:
5042:"Panama Canal Expansion Marks Key Milestone with Installation of Final Gate"
4649:
1572:
6584:
6549:
6128:
4278:
4228:
Canal customers, many in the maritime industries and the business community
3937:
3533:
3524:
3485:
78:
41:
6024:
3492:
and was further constrained by the current trend towards larger (close to
1495:
120:
formally proposed the project on 24 April 2006, saying it would transform
6569:
6544:
6309:
6276:
6185:
5510:
Propaganda, studies differ about Gatun Lake water quality by Eric Jackson
4545:
4323:
3996:
3926:
3796:
3772:
3672:
3574:
3170:
1960:
1157:
141:
125:
82:
6050:
Disney Director George Scribner to Document Canal Expansion over 9 Years
6574:
6564:
6271:
6175:
4146:
4094:
3949:
3876:
3840:. The location of the new locks uses a significant portion of the area
3825:
3800:
3731:
3668:
1846:
107:
37:
5143:"Panama Canal Expansion Moves Ahead with Filling of New Pacific Locks"
4130:
6600:
6170:
5300:
4441:
4205:
The government-aligned CONATO (National Council of Organized Workers)
3676:
3775:, which has a limited capacity for large ships to pass one another.
3627:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
5273:
4874:"Panama Canal Authority updates Maersk Line on expansion programme"
4847:"Panama Canal Authority updates Maersk Line on expansion programme"
4173:
4166:
4113:
3501:
6255:
5769:"Stanley Heckadon defends canal expansion, expresses his concerns"
5578:
Buscando Camino -Especial Canal â El agua del Canal de PanamĂĄ
6341:
6163:
3965:
New Agua Clara Locks, with rolling gate is shown partially open.
3853:
3833:
3735:
3540:, Japan, and the US. More recently, the studies developed by the
3516:
3493:
86:
5196:"Panama Canal: Lock cracks unlikely to delay expansion schedule"
4998:"Panama Canal Completes First Monolith at the New Pacific Locks"
4635:
3726:
The two main current competitors of the Panama Canal are the US
6449:
6097:
5316:"Panama canal expansion to be complete 'around May': president"
3756:
3537:
121:
6092:
5341:"Panama to Open $ 5.3B Canal Expansion June 26 or 'Lose Face'"
4973:
4310:, an American bridge raised to accommodate post-Panamax ships
3837:
3660:
3497:
5698:
Press release of the UNDP-Panama about the mediation process
6040:
9 Facts about the Panama Canal Expansion â Infographic
5221:"Panama canal expansion could suffer new delay - spokesman"
3821:
6045:
Controversy Over Expansion, An Overview of Issues Involved
6062:
article on some of the earliest plans to expand the canal
4080:
CAF â Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean
3664:
5712:
Editorial of la Prensa Newspaper in favor of the project
5425:"Estimated cost of the Third Locks" by Humberto Reynolds
5301:"Sill reinforcements complete in new Panama Canal locks"
4954:"Panama Canal Completes Major Step in Expansion Program"
4043:
3943:
5550:
4901:"Panama Canal Updates Maersk Line on Expansion Program"
4421:"Canal, Consortium Reach Deal to Complete Work" by the
3515:
The size of ships that could transit the canal, called
2595:
2587:
2580:
2573:
5245:
5140:
5061:
5039:
5017:
4995:
4951:
4898:
4674:
Analysis: Expanding the Panama Canal By INGRID VASQUEZ
4475:"Molina & Co | Panama News | World News"
5446:"The real cost of the expansion" by Tomas Drohan Ruiz
3671:, coal, and liquid goods, such as chemical products,
5952:
CONUSI's 10 big reasons to vote no on the referendum
5388:
5064:"Panama Canal Expansion Begins Filling of New Locks"
5020:"Gate Installation Begins at Panama Canal Expansion"
4923:"Maritime panel to hold sessions on port congestion"
4871:
4844:
4798:"Panama Canal Celebrates Anniversary with New Locks"
4289:
4122:
mitigated using existing procedures and technology.
27:
2007-16 construction of larger locks on Panama Canal
4974:Occupational Health and Safety (28 November 2011).
4825:"Delay Confirmed on Panama Canal Expansion Project"
4624:
Why the U.S.âChina Trade Imbalance is Unsustainable
5485:"Financing deal for Panama Canal expansion signed"
4605:
4539:
4693:"The "no" campaign holds a forum by Eric Jackson"
4643:"Arctic Marine Transport Workshop September 2004"
4512:
4510:
1416:
1408:
1401:
6663:
5368:"The Diplomat Who Quit the Trump Administration"
4589:"Hasta 150 mil dĂłlares por reservar en el Canal"
4437:"Panama Canal turns 100 as expansion hits snags"
3219:
3147:
2844:
2826:
2740:
2722:
2499:
2369:
2233:
1941:
1762:
1553:
1138:
618:
600:
496:
478:
217:
151:
6483:United States District Court for the Canal Zone
5487:. Ordons News. 24 December 2008. Archived from
5167:
4822:
4202:Chamber of Commerce, Industries and Agriculture
3565:Transit Booking System and Transit Slot Auction
2523:2 chambers, +16.5 m (54 ft); spillway
1391:
1383:
1376:
4865:
4838:
4789:
4719:"First Panama Canal Water-Saving Basin Filled"
4507:
4395:Proposal for the Expansion of the Panama Canal
85:, are about one and a half times the previous
6113:
5799:"Panama Canal at the crossroads Editorial of
5404:"A bad business for Panama" by Roberto Mendez
3783:Canal tolls as much as it does to petroleum.
2316:(2016) 3 chambers, 3 water saving basins each
1228:(2016) 3 chambers, 3 water saving basins each
166:
5134:
5055:
5033:
5011:
4989:
4945:
4892:
4186:
4097:gave the ACP an A1 investment grade rating.
3704:Container ship routes to North America from
2418:
2346:
2287:
1254:
1188:
1104:
106:Raised the maximum operating water level of
5973:FRENADESO: Why we say no to the ACP project
5307:
5018:Panama Canal Authority (15 December 2014).
4389:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4365:
3940:vessels to navigate in a single direction.
3872:Diagram of water-saving basins (descending)
2410:
2402:
2338:
2330:
2279:
2271:
1271:
1263:
1205:
1197:
1121:
1113:
6120:
6106:
6055:Engineering and Expansion Project Overview
5845:
5705:
5474:, 5 January 2015. Accessed: 5 January 2015
5246:Panama Canal Authority (1 December 2015).
5117:"Workers fill newly expanded Panama Canal"
5091:"Flooding of Expanded Panama Canal Begins"
4952:Panama Canal Authority (12 October 2011).
4816:
4795:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4345:
3880:Diagram of water-saving basins (ascending)
3504:. Demand was growing due to the growth of
2101:
2093:
347:
339:
332:
322:
314:
307:
173:
159:
5966:
5418:
5333:
4914:
4899:Panama Canal Authority (20 August 2014).
4872:Dredging News Online (1 September 2014).
4586:
4568:Panama to Vote on Canal Expansion Oct. 22
4560:
3643:Learn how and when to remove this message
1460:
1452:
5924:
5672:
5670:
5524:
5397:
5114:
5040:Panama Canal Authority (28 April 2015).
4876:. Hellenic Shipping News. Archived from
4152:
4112:
4062:Japan Bank for International Cooperation
4001:
3960:
3956:
3915:
3875:
3867:
3790:
3699:
3471:
3321:(maximum draft: 39.5 feet (12.0 m))
3065:
3057:
1817:
1809:
1621:
1613:
31:
5766:
5503:
5439:
5141:Panama Canal Authority (22 June 2015).
5062:Panama Canal Authority (11 June 2015).
4996:Panama Canal Authority (19 June 2012).
4967:
4845:Dredging News Online (29 August 2014).
4342:
4108:
3969:, under construction, is in background.
3585:, and non-containerized cargo vessels.
2613:
2605:
1708:
1700:
1671:
1663:
1596:
1588:
1536:
1528:
1478:
1470:
841:
833:
279:
271:
14:
6664:
5987:
5945:
5731:
5729:
5391:"Panama Canal Forecast for the Future"
5193:
4849:. Dredging News Online. Archived from
4239:
4105:helped develop the financing package.
4028:, and commissioning costs, as well as
3863:
3667:, and wheat, among others), minerals,
3137:
3129:
2545:
2537:
2435:
2427:
1649:, causeway, Monte Lirio railway bridge
1366:
1358:
700:
692:
103:Widened and deepened existing channels
6101:
5880:
5667:
5589:
5088:
4920:
4548:from the original on 11 December 2022
4541:"Panama Canal banks on $ 5.3bn locks"
4044:Estimated profitability and financing
3944:Maximum operating level of Gatun Lake
3519:, was constrained by the size of the
3426:(passenger station, freight station)
2563:
2555:
1899:
1891:
766:
758:
664:
656:
544:
536:
422:
414:
5866:
5827:Official results of the referendum,
5691:
5615:
5365:
4181:United Nations Development Programme
3592:
3376:Dock, industrial or logistical area
3029:
3021:
2982:
2974:
2183:
2175:
2019:
2011:
2001:
1993:
1874:
1866:
1745:
1737:
1315:
1307:
866:
858:
682:
674:
365:
357:
297:
289:
5898:
5791:
5726:
5641:
5557:Panama News Spanish Opinion Section
5313:
5170:"Enormous Crack Rocks Panama Canal"
4976:"Panama Canal's Expansion on Track"
3856:to position the vessels instead of
3550:Autoridad del Canal de PanamĂĄ (ACP)
3480:waiting to enter the canal in 2013.
3119:
3111:
3101:
3093:
3083:
3075:
3047:
3039:
2816:
2808:
2638:
2630:
2257:1 chamber, +9.5 m (31 ft)
1162:3 chambers, +26 m (85 ft)
1009:
1001:
898:
890:
590:
582:
468:
460:
24:
5767:Jackson, Eric (2 September 2006).
5597:"Delft study on the water quality"
5168:Port Technology (24 August 2015).
4457:"Deal over Panama Canal expansion"
3202:
3194:
2044:
2036:
1793:
25:
6683:
6606:PSA Panama International Terminal
6074:U.S. Department of Transportation
6013:
5994:Los promotores del âsĂâ y el ânoâ
5931:El Molirena rechaza la ampliaciĂłn
5194:Bonney, Joseph (24 August 2015).
4921:Smith, Bruce (9 September 2014).
4544:. Financial Times. 26 June 2016.
4086:International Finance Corporation
4019:
3679:, and oil derivatives. Recently,
3003:railway station; freight terminal
1800:
1604:
815:railway station; freight terminal
774:
6127:
4518:"Hydroelectric Plants in Panama"
4292:
4273:Most members of the nationalist
3597:
3436:
3413:
3406:
3386:
3366:
3359:
3339:
3332:
3309:
3302:
3209:
3201:
3193:
3184:
3136:
3128:
3118:
3110:
3100:
3092:
3082:
3074:
3064:
3056:
3046:
3038:
3028:
3020:
2989:
2981:
2973:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2815:
2807:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2646:
2645:
2637:
2629:
2620:
2612:
2604:
2594:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2562:
2554:
2544:
2536:
2489:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2434:
2426:
2417:
2409:
2401:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2337:
2329:
2311:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2278:
2270:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2190:
2182:
2174:
2165:
2158:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2100:
2092:
2083:
2076:
2051:
2043:
2035:
2026:
2018:
2010:
2000:
1992:
1983:
1976:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1898:
1890:
1881:
1873:
1865:
1832:
1831:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1799:
1792:
1752:
1744:
1736:
1715:
1707:
1699:
1678:
1670:
1662:
1635:
1628:
1620:
1612:
1603:
1595:
1587:
1543:
1535:
1527:
1519:
1518:
1485:
1477:
1469:
1459:
1451:
1442:
1423:
1415:
1407:
1400:
1390:
1382:
1375:
1365:
1357:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1314:
1306:
1297:
1278:
1270:
1262:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1223:
1212:
1204:
1196:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1128:
1120:
1112:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1008:
1000:
991:
966:
959:
952:
945:
939:
938:
931:
924:
906:
905:
897:
889:
880:
873:
865:
857:
848:
840:
832:
801:
794:
787:
780:
773:
765:
757:
721:
714:
707:
699:
691:
681:
673:
663:
655:
589:
581:
572:
565:
558:
551:
543:
535:
467:
459:
450:
443:
436:
429:
421:
413:
380:
379:
372:
364:
356:
346:
338:
331:
321:
313:
306:
296:
288:
278:
270:
207:
46:
6342:New Panamax / Post-Panamax
5820:
5760:
5750:Conato supports Canal project,
5743:
5571:
5477:
5460:
5382:
5359:
5293:
5261:
5239:
5213:
5187:
5161:
5115:Zamorano, Juan (14 June 2015).
5108:
5089:Stone, Kathryn (10 June 2015).
5082:
4823:Ship and Bunker (2 July 2012).
4763:
4737:
4711:
4685:
4667:
4617:
4599:
4580:
4231:77% of Panamanian voters, in a
4199:newspaper, in an editorial note
4074:Inter-American Development Bank
3824:from sea level to the level of
3588:
3496:-sized) vessels transiting the
3340:
3333:
2901:
2894:
2692:
2685:
2483:
2360:
2217:
2210:
2123:
1825:
1679:
1636:
1544:
1443:
1181:
1097:
1064:
960:
559:
552:
437:
430:
208:
6244:Enrique Adolfo Jiménez Airport
6093:Official Panama Canal Homepage
6025:Official Panama Canal Homepage
4771:"Unlocking Panama's Potential"
4532:
4481:
4467:
4449:
4429:
4414:
4254:Council on Hemispheric Affairs
3786:
3749:
3695:
3414:
3387:
3360:
2621:
2159:
1298:
1240:
1174:
1090:
1050:
1024:
992:
881:
874:
849:
795:
788:
781:
373:
77:, doubled the capacity of the
71:ampliaciĂłn del Canal de PanamĂĄ
63:Panama Canal expansion project
18:Panama Canal Expansion Project
13:
1:
6488:1977 TorrijosâCarter Treaties
6423:1903 HayâBunau-Varilla Treaty
4800:. Design News. Archived from
4334:
4265:Vanguardia Moral de la Patria
3799:. At top, several vessels in
3310:
3303:
2990:
2951:
2922:
2915:
2880:
2778:
2713:
2706:
2671:
2294:
2166:
2052:
2027:
1984:
1977:
1629:
1330:
1323:
1247:
1057:
1017:
925:
802:
722:
573:
451:
147:
5623:"WPSI study about the water"
4591:(in Spanish). Archived from
3437:
3407:
3210:
3185:
2965:
2958:
2887:
2785:
2678:
2469:
2353:
2130:
7:
6428:1921 ThomsonâUrrutia Treaty
5736:The people behind the "yes"
5677:ANCON approves the proposal
5227:. Reuters. 26 November 2015
4285:
4010:
3714:The opening of the Russian
3623:the claims made and adding
3367:
2908:
2799:
2699:
2490:
2450:
2301:
2224:
2191:
2116:
2109:
2084:
2077:
1932:
1882:
1753:
1716:
1486:
1424:
1337:
1279:
1213:
1129:
1071:
1031:
967:
953:
946:
932:
715:
708:
566:
444:
10:
6688:
6392:George Washington Goethals
5389:WSP Parsons Brinckerhoff.
4796:Al Presher (24 May 2011).
4145:salinization of waters of
3984:gate on the Pacific side.
2937:M.A. Gelabert Airport
75:Third Set of Locks Project
57:is seen in the background.
6635:
6614:
6593:
6537:
6511:
6496:
6459:
6433:Isthmian Canal Commission
6415:
6359:
6350:
6322:
6285:
6264:
6221:
6214:
6151:
6135:
5682:29 September 2007 at the
4187:In support of the project
3445:
3430:
3422:
3400:
3395:
3380:
3375:
3353:
3348:
3326:
3318:
3296:
3249:
3241:
3236:
3178:
3164:
3012:
2998:
2944:
2930:
2873:
2764:
2658:
2654:
2528:
2516:
2462:
2458:
2393:
2386:
2321:
2309:
2262:
2250:
2203:
2199:
2152:
2138:
2070:
2060:
1970:
1958:
1918:
1908:
1857:
1840:
1786:
1779:
1728:
1724:
1691:
1687:
1654:
1644:
1579:
1570:
1512:
1494:
1436:
1432:
1349:
1345:
1291:
1287:
1233:
1221:
1167:
1155:
1083:
1079:
1043:
1039:
985:
975:
918:
914:
824:
810:
749:
742:E.A. Jiménez Airport
730:
647:
520:
399:
394:Manzanillo Bay Breakwater
391:
262:
246:
238:
234:
201:
6030:29 November 2014 at the
5999:16 February 2007 at the
5978:17 February 2007 at the
5957:17 February 2007 at the
5936:16 February 2007 at the
5649:"DHI "study of studies""
5583:17 February 2007 at the
5562:20 November 2006 at the
5451:17 February 2007 at the
5430:17 February 2007 at the
5409:17 February 2007 at the
4679:18 February 2007 at the
4608:"ACP Expansion Proposal"
4606:Panama Canal Authority.
4587:La Prensa (9 May 2006).
4281:are prominent examples).
4165:Critics dismiss this as
4068:European Investment Bank
4026:environmental mitigation
3811:
3570:first-come, first-served
1507:(22.5 MW), spillway
40:ship passes through the
6397:William Crawford Gorgas
6382:William Nelson Cromwell
6070:Maritime Administration
5857:2 November 2006 at the
5717:2 November 2006 at the
4103:Shearman & Sterling
3816:The original canal has
6387:David du Bose Gaillard
6367:Philippe Bunau-Varilla
6196:Bridge of the Americas
6143:Panama Canal Authority
5892:1 October 2006 at the
5472:Seatrade Global Online
5314:AFP (3 January 2016).
5095:The Maritime Executive
4629:12 August 2006 at the
4399:Panama Canal Authority
4118:
4064:(JBIC)âUS$ 800 million
4007:
3970:
3881:
3873:
3808:
3708:
3549:
3542:Panama Canal Authority
3510:Panama Canal Authority
3481:
3446:City, village or town
3167:Bridge of the Americas
138:Panama Canal Authority
96:Built two new sets of
70:
58:
4235:; the turnout was 43%
4153:Employment generation
4116:
4099:Mizuho Corporate Bank
4088:(IFC)âUS$ 300 million
4082:(CAF)âUS$ 300 million
4076:(IDB)âUS$ 400 million
4070:(EIB)âUS$ 500 million
4005:
3964:
3957:Construction timeline
3916:Navigational channels
3879:
3871:
3846:United States in 1939
3836:, without the use of
3828:and back down again.
3805:water-saving chambers
3794:
3703:
3475:
3396:Water flow direction
2063:Continental watershed
140:announced that 3,000
130:A national referendum
35:
6627:Balboa Naval Station
6402:Ferdinand de Lesseps
6372:Ephraim S. Claybourn
6201:Panama Canal Railway
5807:The Washington Times
5801:The Washington Times
5515:18 July 2006 at the
4933:on 11 September 2014
4595:on 7 September 2009.
4405:21 July 2011 at the
4329:Panama Canal Railway
4109:Environmental impact
4038:University of Panama
3858:electric locomotives
3528:canal, up from 45%.
3424:Panama Canal Railway
3349:Non-navigable water
2145:Pan-American Highway
115:Panamanian President
6444:Panama Canal Museum
5836:22 May 2011 at the
5366:Anderson, Jon Lee.
5281:on 16 February 2016
4853:on 3 September 2014
4725:. News Panama Canal
4572:The Washington Post
4423:Wall Street Journal
4240:Against the project
3886:water-saving basins
3884:The new locks have
3864:Water-saving basins
3506:international trade
1911:hydroelectric power
1505:hydroelectric power
392:Atlantic Entrance,
73:), also called the
6643:Balboa High School
6407:John Frank Stevens
5303:. 7 February 2016.
4927:Charlotte Observer
4880:on 27 October 2014
4220:Rosa MarĂa Britton
4119:
4008:
3971:
3882:
3874:
3809:
3716:Northern Sea Route
3709:
3608:possibly contains
3482:
2253:Pedro Miguel Locks
2147:, via Panama City)
59:
6659:
6658:
6655:
6654:
6651:
6650:
6478:Canal Zone Police
6473:List of governors
6377:John G. Claybourn
6318:
6317:
6191:Centennial Bridge
5912:on 23 August 2014
5655:on 6 October 2014
5629:on 6 October 2014
5603:on 6 October 2014
5538:on 23 August 2014
4699:on 23 August 2014
4445:. 16 August 2014.
4319:Tehuantepec Route
4275:Panameñista Party
4259:Former President
4244:Former President
4101:and the law firm
3720:Northwest Passage
3718:and the Canadian
3653:
3652:
3645:
3610:original research
3470:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3281:
3280:
3237:Pacific Entrance
3232:
3231:
3160:
3159:
3008:
3007:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2861:
2839:
2838:
2758:
2757:
2735:
2734:
2512:
2511:
2382:
2381:
2246:
2245:
2141:Centennial Bridge
1954:
1953:
1775:
1774:
1566:
1565:
1151:
1150:
820:
819:
732:Cruise terminal,
642:
641:
636:
635:
613:
612:
514:
513:
491:
490:
230:
229:
92:The project has:
16:(Redirected from
6679:
6509:
6508:
6357:
6356:
6219:
6218:
6122:
6115:
6108:
6099:
6098:
6036:
6006:
6005:
5991:
5985:
5984:
5970:
5964:
5963:
5949:
5943:
5942:
5928:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5917:
5908:. Archived from
5902:
5896:
5884:
5878:
5877:
5870:
5864:
5863:
5849:
5843:
5842:
5824:
5818:
5817:
5815:
5813:
5795:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5784:
5775:. Archived from
5764:
5758:
5757:
5747:
5741:
5740:
5733:
5724:
5723:
5709:
5703:
5702:
5695:
5689:
5688:
5674:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5660:
5651:. Archived from
5645:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5634:
5625:. Archived from
5619:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5608:
5599:. Archived from
5593:
5587:
5575:
5569:
5568:
5554:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5543:
5534:. Archived from
5528:
5522:
5521:
5507:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5496:
5481:
5475:
5464:
5458:
5457:
5443:
5437:
5436:
5422:
5416:
5415:
5401:
5395:
5394:
5386:
5380:
5379:
5363:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5337:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5326:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5297:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5277:. Archived from
5265:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5254:
5243:
5237:
5236:
5234:
5232:
5217:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5206:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5180:
5165:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5154:
5145:. Archived from
5138:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5127:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5101:
5086:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5066:. Archived from
5059:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5048:
5037:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5015:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5004:
4993:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4982:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4938:
4929:. Archived from
4918:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4885:
4869:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4842:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4820:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4741:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4715:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4695:. Archived from
4689:
4683:
4671:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4655:on 8 August 2007
4654:
4648:. Archived from
4647:
4639:
4633:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4603:
4597:
4596:
4584:
4578:
4577:
4564:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4543:
4536:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4514:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4491:. Archived from
4485:
4479:
4478:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4463:. 14 March 2014.
4453:
4447:
4446:
4433:
4427:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4391:
4302:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4261:Guillermo Endara
3759:maritime route.
3648:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3628:
3625:inline citations
3601:
3600:
3593:
3583:vehicle carriers
3440:
3439:
3417:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3390:
3389:
3370:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3343:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3319:Navigable canal
3313:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3294:
3293:
3220:
3213:
3212:
3205:
3204:
3197:
3196:
3188:
3187:
3169:(ArraijĂĄn–
3148:
3140:
3139:
3132:
3131:
3122:
3121:
3114:
3113:
3104:
3103:
3096:
3095:
3086:
3085:
3078:
3077:
3068:
3067:
3060:
3059:
3050:
3049:
3042:
3041:
3032:
3031:
3024:
3023:
2993:
2992:
2985:
2984:
2977:
2976:
2968:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2925:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2845:
2827:
2819:
2818:
2811:
2810:
2802:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2767:
2766:
2741:
2723:
2716:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2660:
2659:
2649:
2648:
2641:
2640:
2633:
2632:
2624:
2623:
2616:
2615:
2608:
2607:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2566:
2565:
2558:
2557:
2548:
2547:
2540:
2539:
2519:Miraflores Locks
2500:
2493:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2453:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2438:
2437:
2430:
2429:
2421:
2420:
2413:
2412:
2405:
2404:
2370:
2363:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2341:
2340:
2333:
2332:
2304:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2282:
2281:
2274:
2273:
2234:
2227:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2194:
2193:
2186:
2185:
2178:
2177:
2169:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2133:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2104:
2103:
2096:
2095:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2055:
2054:
2047:
2046:
2039:
2038:
2030:
2029:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2013:
2004:
2003:
1996:
1995:
1987:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1942:
1935:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1893:
1885:
1884:
1877:
1876:
1869:
1868:
1835:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1763:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1747:
1740:
1739:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1710:
1703:
1702:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1673:
1666:
1665:
1639:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1623:
1616:
1615:
1607:
1606:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1590:
1554:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1530:
1522:
1521:
1489:
1488:
1481:
1480:
1473:
1472:
1463:
1462:
1455:
1454:
1446:
1445:
1427:
1426:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1394:
1393:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1360:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1317:
1310:
1309:
1301:
1300:
1282:
1281:
1274:
1273:
1266:
1265:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1224:Agua Clara Locks
1216:
1215:
1208:
1207:
1200:
1199:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1139:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1115:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1074:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1012:
1011:
1004:
1003:
995:
994:
970:
969:
963:
962:
956:
955:
949:
948:
942:
941:
935:
934:
928:
927:
909:
908:
901:
900:
893:
892:
884:
883:
877:
876:
869:
868:
861:
860:
852:
851:
844:
843:
836:
835:
805:
804:
798:
797:
791:
790:
784:
783:
777:
776:
769:
768:
761:
760:
734:Manzanillo (MIT)
725:
724:
718:
717:
711:
710:
703:
702:
695:
694:
685:
684:
677:
676:
667:
666:
659:
658:
629:CristĂłbal (city)
619:
601:
593:
592:
585:
584:
576:
575:
569:
568:
562:
561:
555:
554:
547:
546:
539:
538:
523:
522:
507:CristĂłbal (city)
497:
479:
471:
470:
463:
462:
454:
453:
447:
446:
440:
439:
433:
432:
425:
424:
417:
416:
401:
400:
383:
382:
376:
375:
368:
367:
360:
359:
350:
349:
342:
341:
335:
334:
325:
324:
317:
316:
310:
309:
300:
299:
292:
291:
282:
281:
274:
273:
218:
211:
210:
199:
198:
175:
168:
161:
152:
21:
6687:
6686:
6682:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6676:
6662:
6661:
6660:
6647:
6631:
6610:
6589:
6533:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6492:
6466:
6464:
6455:
6439:Health measures
6411:
6346:
6337:Atlantic Bridge
6332:2006 referendum
6314:
6298:Albrook Airport
6281:
6260:
6210:
6206:Atlantic Bridge
6147:
6131:
6126:
6076:, November 2013
6034:
6032:Wayback Machine
6016:
6011:
6010:
6009:
6003:
6001:Wayback Machine
5992:
5988:
5982:
5980:Wayback Machine
5971:
5967:
5961:
5959:Wayback Machine
5950:
5946:
5940:
5938:Wayback Machine
5929:
5925:
5915:
5913:
5904:
5903:
5899:
5894:Wayback Machine
5885:
5881:
5875:
5871:
5867:
5861:
5859:Wayback Machine
5850:
5846:
5840:
5838:Wayback Machine
5825:
5821:
5811:
5809:
5797:
5796:
5792:
5782:
5780:
5779:on 5 March 2012
5773:The Panama News
5765:
5761:
5755:
5748:
5744:
5738:
5734:
5727:
5721:
5719:Wayback Machine
5710:
5706:
5700:
5696:
5692:
5686:
5684:Wayback Machine
5675:
5668:
5658:
5656:
5647:
5646:
5642:
5632:
5630:
5621:
5620:
5616:
5606:
5604:
5595:
5594:
5590:
5585:Wayback Machine
5576:
5572:
5566:
5564:Wayback Machine
5555:
5551:
5541:
5539:
5530:
5529:
5525:
5519:
5517:Wayback Machine
5508:
5504:
5494:
5492:
5483:
5482:
5478:
5465:
5461:
5455:
5453:Wayback Machine
5444:
5440:
5434:
5432:Wayback Machine
5423:
5419:
5413:
5411:Wayback Machine
5402:
5398:
5387:
5383:
5364:
5360:
5350:
5348:
5347:. 22 March 2016
5339:
5338:
5334:
5324:
5322:
5312:
5308:
5299:
5298:
5294:
5284:
5282:
5267:
5266:
5262:
5252:
5250:
5244:
5240:
5230:
5228:
5219:
5218:
5214:
5204:
5202:
5192:
5188:
5178:
5176:
5174:Port Technology
5166:
5162:
5152:
5150:
5139:
5135:
5125:
5123:
5121:The Denver Post
5113:
5109:
5099:
5097:
5087:
5083:
5073:
5071:
5070:on 14 June 2015
5060:
5056:
5046:
5044:
5038:
5034:
5024:
5022:
5016:
5012:
5002:
5000:
4994:
4990:
4980:
4978:
4972:
4968:
4958:
4956:
4950:
4946:
4936:
4934:
4919:
4915:
4905:
4903:
4897:
4893:
4883:
4881:
4870:
4866:
4856:
4854:
4843:
4839:
4829:
4827:
4821:
4817:
4807:
4805:
4794:
4790:
4780:
4778:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4754:
4752:
4743:
4742:
4738:
4728:
4726:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4702:
4700:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4681:Wayback Machine
4672:
4668:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4645:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4631:Wayback Machine
4622:
4618:
4610:
4604:
4600:
4585:
4581:
4575:
4565:
4561:
4551:
4549:
4538:
4537:
4533:
4523:
4521:
4516:
4515:
4508:
4498:
4496:
4495:on 29 June 2018
4487:
4486:
4482:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4419:
4415:
4409:
4407:Wayback Machine
4392:
4343:
4337:
4314:Nicaragua Canal
4298:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4242:
4189:
4155:
4111:
4046:
4022:
4013:
3967:Atlantic Bridge
3959:
3946:
3918:
3866:
3814:
3795:Aerial view of
3789:
3752:
3739:container ships
3730:system and the
3698:
3649:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3614:
3602:
3598:
3591:
3579:container ships
3557:MartĂn Torrijos
3441:
3418:
3411:
3391:
3371:
3364:
3344:
3337:
3322:
3314:
3307:
3288:
3261:
3234:
3214:
3207:
3206:
3199:
3198:
3189:
3174:
3162:
3142:
3141:
3134:
3133:
3124:
3123:
3116:
3115:
3106:
3105:
3098:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3080:
3079:
3070:
3069:
3062:
3061:
3052:
3051:
3044:
3043:
3034:
3033:
3026:
3025:
3004:
2994:
2987:
2986:
2979:
2978:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2940:
2933:Diablo (hamlet)
2926:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2869:
2841:
2821:
2820:
2813:
2812:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2737:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2650:
2643:
2642:
2635:
2634:
2625:
2618:
2617:
2610:
2609:
2600:
2599:
2592:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2568:
2567:
2560:
2559:
2550:
2549:
2542:
2541:
2524:
2514:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2439:
2432:
2431:
2422:
2415:
2414:
2407:
2406:
2388:Miraflores Lake
2384:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2334:
2317:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2283:
2276:
2275:
2258:
2248:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2195:
2188:
2187:
2180:
2179:
2170:
2163:
2148:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2105:
2098:
2097:
2088:
2081:
2066:
2056:
2049:
2048:
2041:
2040:
2031:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2015:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1997:
1988:
1981:
1966:
1956:
1936:
1929:
1914:
1904:
1903:
1896:
1895:
1886:
1879:
1878:
1871:
1870:
1853:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1821:
1814:
1813:
1804:
1797:
1777:
1757:
1750:
1749:
1742:
1741:
1720:
1713:
1712:
1705:
1704:
1683:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1667:
1650:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1617:
1608:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1592:
1568:
1548:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1532:
1523:
1508:
1490:
1483:
1482:
1475:
1474:
1465:
1464:
1457:
1456:
1447:
1428:
1421:
1420:
1413:
1412:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1388:
1387:
1380:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1362:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1311:
1302:
1283:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1267:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1229:
1217:
1210:
1209:
1202:
1201:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1163:
1153:
1133:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1117:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1013:
1006:
1005:
996:
981:
977:Atlantic Bridge
971:
964:
957:
950:
943:
936:
929:
910:
903:
902:
895:
894:
885:
878:
871:
870:
863:
862:
853:
846:
845:
838:
837:
816:
806:
799:
792:
785:
778:
771:
770:
763:
762:
745:
738:Free Trade Zone
726:
719:
712:
705:
704:
697:
696:
687:
686:
679:
678:
669:
668:
661:
660:
643:
615:
595:
594:
587:
586:
577:
570:
563:
556:
549:
548:
541:
540:
493:
473:
472:
465:
464:
455:
448:
441:
434:
427:
426:
419:
418:
395:
389:
384:
377:
370:
369:
362:
361:
352:
351:
344:
343:
336:
327:
326:
319:
318:
311:
302:
301:
294:
293:
284:
283:
276:
275:
258:
232:
212:
193:
184:
183:
179:
150:
118:MartĂn Torrijos
55:Atlantic Bridge
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6685:
6675:
6674:
6657:
6656:
6653:
6652:
6649:
6648:
6646:
6645:
6639:
6637:
6633:
6632:
6630:
6629:
6624:
6618:
6616:
6612:
6611:
6609:
6608:
6603:
6597:
6595:
6591:
6590:
6588:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6541:
6539:
6535:
6534:
6532:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6515:
6513:
6506:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6469:
6467:
6465:(1904â1979/99)
6460:
6457:
6456:
6454:
6453:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6430:
6425:
6419:
6417:
6413:
6412:
6410:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6363:
6361:
6354:
6348:
6347:
6345:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6328:
6326:
6320:
6319:
6316:
6315:
6313:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6301:
6300:
6289:
6287:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6279:
6274:
6268:
6266:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6253:
6252:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6239:CristĂłbal port
6236:
6225:
6223:
6216:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6167:
6166:
6155:
6153:
6149:
6148:
6146:
6145:
6139:
6137:
6133:
6132:
6125:
6124:
6117:
6110:
6102:
6096:
6095:
6089:
6088:
6084:
6083:
6077:
6063:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6021:
6020:
6015:
6014:External links
6012:
6008:
6007:
5986:
5965:
5944:
5923:
5897:
5879:
5865:
5844:
5819:
5790:
5759:
5742:
5725:
5704:
5690:
5666:
5640:
5614:
5588:
5570:
5549:
5523:
5502:
5491:on 25 May 2012
5476:
5459:
5438:
5417:
5396:
5381:
5372:The New Yorker
5358:
5332:
5306:
5292:
5260:
5238:
5212:
5186:
5160:
5149:on 2 July 2015
5133:
5107:
5081:
5054:
5032:
5010:
4988:
4966:
4944:
4913:
4891:
4864:
4837:
4815:
4804:on 27 May 2011
4788:
4762:
4736:
4710:
4684:
4666:
4634:
4616:
4598:
4579:
4559:
4531:
4506:
4480:
4466:
4448:
4428:
4413:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4308:Bayonne Bridge
4304:
4303:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4271:
4268:
4257:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4229:
4226:
4222:, and painter
4209:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4188:
4185:
4154:
4151:
4110:
4107:
4090:
4089:
4083:
4077:
4071:
4065:
4045:
4042:
4021:
4020:Estimated cost
4018:
4012:
4009:
3958:
3955:
3945:
3942:
3934:
3933:
3930:
3917:
3914:
3865:
3862:
3813:
3810:
3788:
3785:
3751:
3748:
3697:
3694:
3651:
3650:
3605:
3603:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3563:implemented a
3468:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3258:Gulf of Panama
3255:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3217:
3215:
3208:
3200:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3165:
3163:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3145:
3143:
3135:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3117:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3099:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3081:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3063:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3045:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3027:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3005:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2988:
2980:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2850:Port of Balboa
2842:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2824:
2822:
2814:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2746:Port of Balboa
2738:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2720:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2644:
2636:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2619:
2611:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2593:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2561:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2543:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2515:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2497:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2433:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2416:
2408:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2367:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2336:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2308:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2277:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2249:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2231:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2189:
2181:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2099:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2050:
2042:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2025:
2017:
2009:
2008:
2007:
1999:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1965:(Gaillard Cut)
1964:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1939:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1897:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1872:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1815:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1758:
1751:
1743:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1714:
1706:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1677:
1669:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1619:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1602:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1551:
1549:
1542:
1534:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1484:
1476:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1422:
1414:
1406:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1389:
1381:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1364:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1313:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1277:
1269:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1220:
1218:
1211:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1136:
1134:
1127:
1119:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1007:
999:
998:
997:
990:
988:
986:
983:
982:
979:
974:
972:
965:
958:
951:
944:
937:
930:
923:
921:
919:
916:
915:
913:
911:
904:
896:
888:
887:
886:
879:
872:
864:
856:
855:
854:
847:
839:
831:
830:
829:
827:
825:
822:
821:
818:
817:
811:
809:
807:
800:
793:
786:
779:
772:
764:
756:
755:
754:
752:
750:
747:
746:
731:
729:
727:
720:
713:
706:
698:
690:
689:
688:
680:
672:
671:
670:
662:
654:
653:
652:
650:
648:
645:
644:
640:
639:
637:
634:
633:
631:
616:
611:
610:
606:
605:
598:
596:
588:
580:
579:
578:
571:
564:
557:
550:
542:
534:
533:
532:
530:
528:
526:
521:
518:
517:
515:
512:
511:
509:
494:
489:
488:
484:
483:
476:
474:
466:
458:
457:
456:
449:
442:
435:
428:
420:
412:
411:
410:
408:
406:
404:
397:
396:
393:
390:
387:
385:
378:
371:
363:
355:
354:
353:
345:
337:
330:
329:
328:
320:
312:
305:
304:
303:
295:
287:
286:
285:
277:
269:
268:
267:
265:
263:
260:
259:
252:
249:Atlantic Ocean
245:
243:
241:
239:
236:
235:
233:
228:
227:
223:
222:
215:
213:
206:
204:
202:
195:
194:
189:
186:
185:
181:
180:
178:
177:
170:
163:
155:
149:
146:
111:
110:
104:
101:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6684:
6673:
6670:
6669:
6667:
6644:
6641:
6640:
6638:
6634:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6622:Galeta Island
6620:
6619:
6617:
6613:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6598:
6596:
6592:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6542:
6540:
6536:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6510:
6507:
6504:
6503:installations
6495:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6470:
6468:
6463:
6462:US Canal Zone
6458:
6452:
6451:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6420:
6418:
6414:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6349:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6325:
6321:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6299:
6296:
6295:
6294:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6284:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6263:
6257:
6254:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6231:
6230:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6222:Atlantic side
6220:
6217:
6213:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6181:Chagres River
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6165:
6162:
6161:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6150:
6144:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6134:
6130:
6123:
6118:
6116:
6111:
6109:
6104:
6103:
6100:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6086:
6085:
6082:, NYT article
6081:
6078:
6075:
6071:
6067:
6064:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6033:
6029:
6026:
6023:
6022:
6018:
6017:
6002:
5998:
5995:
5990:
5981:
5977:
5974:
5969:
5960:
5956:
5953:
5948:
5939:
5935:
5932:
5927:
5911:
5907:
5901:
5895:
5891:
5888:
5883:
5874:
5869:
5860:
5856:
5853:
5848:
5839:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5823:
5808:
5804:
5802:
5794:
5778:
5774:
5770:
5763:
5754:
5753:
5746:
5737:
5732:
5730:
5720:
5716:
5713:
5708:
5699:
5694:
5685:
5681:
5678:
5673:
5671:
5654:
5650:
5644:
5628:
5624:
5618:
5602:
5598:
5592:
5586:
5582:
5579:
5574:
5565:
5561:
5558:
5553:
5537:
5533:
5527:
5518:
5514:
5511:
5506:
5490:
5486:
5480:
5473:
5469:
5463:
5454:
5450:
5447:
5442:
5433:
5429:
5426:
5421:
5412:
5408:
5405:
5400:
5392:
5385:
5378:
5373:
5369:
5362:
5346:
5345:bloomberg.com
5342:
5336:
5321:
5317:
5310:
5302:
5296:
5280:
5276:
5275:
5270:
5264:
5249:
5242:
5226:
5222:
5216:
5201:
5197:
5190:
5175:
5171:
5164:
5148:
5144:
5137:
5122:
5118:
5111:
5096:
5092:
5085:
5069:
5065:
5058:
5043:
5036:
5021:
5014:
4999:
4992:
4977:
4970:
4955:
4948:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4917:
4902:
4895:
4879:
4875:
4868:
4852:
4848:
4841:
4826:
4819:
4803:
4799:
4792:
4776:
4772:
4766:
4750:
4746:
4740:
4724:
4720:
4714:
4698:
4694:
4688:
4682:
4678:
4675:
4670:
4651:
4644:
4638:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4620:
4613:. p. 36.
4609:
4602:
4594:
4590:
4583:
4574:
4573:
4569:
4563:
4547:
4542:
4535:
4520:. 5 July 2015
4519:
4513:
4511:
4494:
4490:
4484:
4476:
4470:
4462:
4458:
4452:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4432:
4425:
4424:
4417:
4408:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4341:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4300:Panama portal
4290:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:Jorge Illueca
4234:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4224:Olga Sinclair
4221:
4217:
4216:Justine Pasek
4214:
4213:Miss Universe
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4184:
4182:
4177:
4175:
4170:
4168:
4163:
4159:
4150:
4148:
4142:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4127:
4123:
4115:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4041:
4039:
4034:
4031:
4030:contingencies
4027:
4017:
4004:
4000:
3998:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3975:
3968:
3963:
3954:
3951:
3941:
3939:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3887:
3878:
3870:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3793:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3774:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3758:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3706:Asian Pacific
3702:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3682:
3681:containerized
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3657:
3647:
3644:
3636:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3606:This article
3604:
3595:
3594:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3560:
3558:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3484:The original
3479:
3478:Pacific Ocean
3474:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3443:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3393:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3373:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3346:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3316:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3252:Pacific Ocean
3247:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3172:
3168:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3002:
2996:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2864:
2858:
2856:
2855:Balboa (city)
2852:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2843:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2760:
2754:
2752:
2751:Balboa (city)
2748:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2456:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2307:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2197:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2064:
2058:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1906:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1851:Alajuela Lake
1848:
1843:
1842:Chagres River
1838:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1722:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1685:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1648:
1642:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1501:Chagres River
1497:
1492:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1343:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1285:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1037:
989:
987:
984:
978:
973:
922:
920:
917:
912:
828:
826:
823:
814:
808:
753:
751:
748:
743:
739:
735:
728:
651:
649:
646:
638:
632:
630:
626:
625:
624:Port of ColĂłn
621:
620:
617:
608:
607:
603:
602:
597:
531:
529:
527:
525:
524:
519:
516:
510:
508:
504:
503:
502:Port of ColĂłn
499:
498:
495:
486:
485:
481:
480:
475:
409:
407:
405:
403:
402:
398:
386:
266:
264:
261:
256:
255:Caribbean Sea
251:
250:
244:
242:
240:
237:
225:
224:
220:
219:
214:
205:
203:
200:
197:
196:
192:
188:
187:
176:
171:
169:
164:
162:
157:
156:
154:
153:
145:
143:
139:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:
109:
105:
102:
99:
95:
94:
93:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
56:
53:in 2019. The
52:
49:
48:
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
6672:Panama Canal
6524:France Field
6448:
6416:Construction
6323:
6286:Pacific side
6129:Panama Canal
6035:(in English)
6004:(in Spanish)
5989:
5983:(in Spanish)
5968:
5962:(in Spanish)
5947:
5941:(in Spanish)
5926:
5914:. Retrieved
5910:the original
5900:
5882:
5876:(in English)
5868:
5862:(in Spanish)
5847:
5841:(in Spanish)
5828:
5822:
5810:. Retrieved
5806:
5800:
5793:
5781:. Retrieved
5777:the original
5772:
5762:
5756:(in Spanish)
5751:
5745:
5739:(in Spanish)
5722:(in Spanish)
5707:
5701:(in Spanish)
5693:
5687:(in Spanish)
5657:. Retrieved
5653:the original
5643:
5631:. Retrieved
5627:the original
5617:
5605:. Retrieved
5601:the original
5591:
5573:
5567:(in Spanish)
5552:
5540:. Retrieved
5536:the original
5526:
5520:(in English)
5505:
5493:. Retrieved
5489:the original
5479:
5471:
5462:
5456:(in Spanish)
5441:
5435:(in Spanish)
5420:
5414:(in Spanish)
5399:
5384:
5375:
5371:
5361:
5349:. Retrieved
5344:
5335:
5323:. Retrieved
5319:
5309:
5295:
5283:. Retrieved
5279:the original
5272:
5263:
5251:. Retrieved
5241:
5229:. Retrieved
5224:
5215:
5203:. Retrieved
5199:
5189:
5177:. Retrieved
5173:
5163:
5151:. Retrieved
5147:the original
5136:
5124:. Retrieved
5120:
5110:
5098:. Retrieved
5094:
5084:
5072:. Retrieved
5068:the original
5057:
5045:. Retrieved
5035:
5023:. Retrieved
5013:
5001:. Retrieved
4991:
4979:. Retrieved
4969:
4957:. Retrieved
4947:
4937:11 September
4935:. Retrieved
4931:the original
4926:
4916:
4904:. Retrieved
4894:
4882:. Retrieved
4878:the original
4867:
4855:. Retrieved
4851:the original
4840:
4828:. Retrieved
4818:
4806:. Retrieved
4802:the original
4791:
4779:. Retrieved
4774:
4765:
4753:. Retrieved
4748:
4739:
4727:. Retrieved
4722:
4713:
4701:. Retrieved
4697:the original
4687:
4669:
4657:. Retrieved
4650:the original
4637:
4619:
4601:
4593:the original
4582:
4576:(in English)
4571:
4567:
4562:
4550:. Retrieved
4534:
4522:. Retrieved
4497:. Retrieved
4493:the original
4483:
4469:
4460:
4451:
4440:
4431:
4422:
4416:
4410:(in English)
4398:
4394:
4279:Gloria Young
4243:
4196:
4190:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4143:
4139:
4134:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4091:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4035:
4023:
4014:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3947:
3938:Post-Panamax
3935:
3919:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3883:
3830:
3815:
3781:
3777:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3753:
3744:
3736:post-Panamax
3725:
3713:
3710:
3690:
3686:
3658:
3654:
3639:
3630:
3607:
3589:Cargo volume
3575:cruise ships
3561:
3554:
3534:World War II
3530:
3525:Post-Panamax
3514:
3486:Panama Canal
3483:
3250:
3000:
2849:
2745:
2517:
2312:CocolĂ Locks
2310:
2251:
1959:
1913:(36 MW)
1571:
1222:
1156:
812:
622:
500:
247:
182:Panama Canal
134:
112:
91:
79:Panama Canal
74:
62:
60:
45:
42:Panama Canal
29:
6519:Albrook AFB
6501:US military
6435:(1904â1906)
6310:Panama City
6277:Culebra Cut
6249:BahĂa LimĂłn
6186:Culebra Cut
6080:A Risky Bet
5495:21 December
5231:27 November
4981:30 November
4959:30 November
4906:3 September
4884:2 September
4857:2 September
4781:28 February
4755:28 February
4751:. Tetratech
4729:28 February
4426:(en inglés)
4324:Megaproject
4135:Panama News
3997:New Panamax
3927:Culebra Cut
3892:addressed.
3797:Gatun Locks
3787:The project
3773:Culebra Cut
3750:Predictions
3696:Competition
3673:propane gas
3669:fertilizers
3171:Panama City
1961:Culebra Cut
1647:GatĂșn River
1158:GatĂșn Locks
142:New Panamax
126:First World
83:New Panamax
6560:De Lesseps
6529:Howard AFB
6272:Gatun Lake
6176:Gatun Lake
6152:Structures
6136:Management
5285:9 February
5253:9 December
4335:References
4233:referendum
4147:Gatun Lake
3950:Gatun Lake
3826:Gatun Lake
3801:Gatun Lake
3732:Suez Canal
3728:intermodal
3617:improve it
3555:President
1847:Madden Dam
1573:GatĂșn Lake
148:Background
108:Gatun Lake
47:Agua Clara
38:Neopanamax
6636:Education
6601:Coco Solo
6512:Airfields
6324:Expansion
6234:Arco Iris
6215:Locations
6171:Gatun Dam
5916:4 October
5831:newspaper
5829:La Prensa
5812:4 October
5783:3 January
5752:La Prensa
5659:4 October
5633:4 October
5607:4 October
5542:4 October
5325:3 January
5320:yahoo.com
5205:25 August
5179:24 August
4777:. ingenia
4749:tetratech
4703:4 October
4442:USA Today
4218:, writer
4197:La Prensa
3842:excavated
3818:two lanes
3677:crude oil
3633:July 2014
3621:verifying
1496:GatĂșn Dam
128:country.
6666:Category
6580:Randolph
6028:Archived
5997:Archived
5976:Archived
5955:Archived
5934:Archived
5890:Archived
5855:Archived
5834:Archived
5715:Archived
5680:Archived
5581:Archived
5560:Archived
5513:Archived
5449:Archived
5428:Archived
5407:Archived
5274:Fox News
4723:PanCanal
4677:Archived
4627:Archived
4546:Archived
4461:BBC News
4403:Archived
4286:See also
4263:and his
4174:SUNTRACS
4167:demagogy
4011:Finances
3854:tugboats
3850:channels
3502:waterway
2065:, summit
813:Atlantic
6585:Sherman
6550:Clayton
6352:History
6265:Passage
6164:Panamax
6087:Spanish
6019:English
5225:Reuters
5200:JOC.com
5126:16 June
5100:16 June
5074:12 June
5047:13 June
5025:13 June
5003:20 June
4775:ingenia
4552:26 June
4524:26 June
4397:by the
4211:Former
4131:El Niño
4095:Moody's
4093:agency
3844:by the
3834:gravity
3822:vessels
3615:Please
3546:Spanish
3517:Panamax
3494:Panamax
3001:Corozal
124:into a
87:Panamax
67:Spanish
6570:Gulick
6545:Amador
6499:Former
6450:Box 25
6360:People
6305:Gamboa
6293:Balboa
5153:1 July
4830:7 July
4808:24 May
4659:9 July
3757:Panama
3538:Panama
3287:Legend
3151:
1781:Gamboa
980:(2019)
191:Legend
122:Panama
6615:Radio
6594:Ports
6575:Kobbe
6565:Grant
6555:Davis
6538:Forts
6256:GatĂșn
6229:ColĂłn
6159:Locks
5377:said.
5351:7 May
4653:(PDF)
4646:(PDF)
4611:(PDF)
4499:8 May
3838:pumps
3812:Locks
3521:locks
3498:canal
3490:locks
3233:
3218:
3161:
3156:total
3146:
2840:
2825:
2736:
2721:
2513:
2498:
2383:
2368:
2247:
2232:
1955:
1940:
1776:
1761:
1567:
1552:
1152:
1137:
614:
599:
492:
477:
231:
216:
113:Then-
98:locks
5918:2014
5814:2014
5785:2011
5661:2014
5635:2014
5609:2014
5544:2014
5497:2011
5353:2016
5327:2016
5287:2016
5255:2015
5233:2015
5207:2015
5181:2015
5155:2015
5128:2015
5102:2015
5076:2015
5049:2015
5027:2015
5005:2012
4983:2011
4961:2011
4939:2014
4908:2014
4886:2014
4859:2014
4832:2012
4810:2011
4783:2022
4757:2022
4731:2022
4705:2014
4661:2007
4554:2016
4526:2016
4501:2018
4252:The
3661:corn
3228:47.9
3223:77.1
2830:13.2
2726:13.2
1945:12.6
1562:15.0
1557:24.2
61:The
51:lock
3665:soy
3619:by
2835:8.2
2731:8.2
2508:1.1
2503:1.7
2378:1.1
2373:1.7
2242:0.9
2237:1.4
1950:7.8
1771:5.3
1766:8.5
1147:1.2
1142:1.9
609:5.4
604:8.7
487:5.4
482:8.7
44:'s
6668::
6072:,
6068:,
5805:.
5771:.
5728:^
5669:^
5470:"
5374:.
5370:.
5343:.
5318:.
5271:.
5223:.
5198:.
5172:.
5119:.
5093:.
4925:.
4773:.
4747:.
4721:.
4570:,
4509:^
4459:.
4439:.
4344:^
4183:.
3675:,
3663:,
3581:,
3577:,
3548::
2935:,
2853:,
2749:,
1849:,
1844:,
1503:,
1498:,
740:,
736:,
627:,
505:,
226:mi
221:km
69::
36:A
6121:e
6114:t
6107:v
5920:.
5816:.
5803:"
5787:.
5663:.
5637:.
5611:.
5546:.
5499:.
5466:"
5393:.
5355:.
5329:.
5289:.
5257:.
5235:.
5209:.
5183:.
5157:.
5130:.
5104:.
5078:.
5051:.
5029:.
5007:.
4985:.
4963:.
4941:.
4910:.
4888:.
4861:.
4834:.
4812:.
4785:.
4759:.
4733:.
4707:.
4663:.
4556:.
4528:.
4503:.
4477:.
3807:.
3646:)
3640:(
3635:)
3631:(
3613:.
3544:(
3260:)
3256:(
3173:)
2939:,
2143:(
744:,
388:0
257:)
253:(
174:e
167:t
160:v
65:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
