2988:
1281:
44:
49:
1267:
1253:
429:
417:
1295:
1239:
750:
such as Moussa Sarr, Njemeh (var: Ndiémé) of Languème and
Njoxona, etc., are those Pangool who are peaceful in nature and character. They even reject anything that symbolizes violence or things that may evoke destruction or death, i.e. iron, weapons, gunpowder, blood and the colour red. They usually
901:
especially those forces outside the control of humanity. The religious practices and representations of the
Pangool helps the Serer people dominate the hostile forces of nature, hence the advent of the Pangool veneration. Through their sacred intercession with the divine, these Pangool act as
622:
There are two main types of
Pangool: non-human Pangool and human Pangool. Both are sacred and ancient, but the former is more ancient as a general rule. The non-human Pangool include ancient sacred places with vital spiritual energies and personalized as such. These Pangool generally are the
947:
Offerings of fruits, vegetables, crops, milk, or the sacrifice of domesticated animals are made to the
Pangool in different places, e.g.: at the foot of trees, in forests, at community shrines, etc. There are Pangools whose scope is therapeutic, those who deliver justice (see also
902:
protectors and transmitters of vital energy to the world of the living. They can be humans, plants, animals, places, supernatural beings, etc. Animals and trees are viewed by the Serers as extended relatives of human beings, because they came from the same divine
2074:
Diouf, Niokhobaye, "Chronique du royaume du Sine", Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources Ă©crites concernant le royaume du Sine par
Charles Becker et Victor Martin. (1972). Bulletin de l'Ifan, Tome 34, Série B, n° 4, (1972). pp 723 (p
1905:
Diouf, Niokhobaye, "Chronique du royaume du Sine", Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources Ă©crites concernant le royaume du Sine par
Charles Becker et Victor Martin. (1972). Bulletin de l'Ifan, Tome 34, Série B, n° 4, (1972). pp 723 (p
540:
were believed to be accompanied by a group of
Pangool as they travelled in search of land to exploit. These Lamanes became guardians of Serer religion and created shrines in honour of the Pangool, thus becoming the custodians of the "Pangool cult".
782:
of Serer religion, oral tradition and archaeological discoveries. Prior to the widespread veneration of the
Pangool, the religious habit of the ancient Serers included holding prayers at the beginning of the rainy season. The branches of the
2056:
R. P. Crétois, Dictionnaire Sereer-Français, Dakar, CLAD, t. 1 (1972), t. 2 (1973), t. 3 (1974), t. 4 (1975), t. 5 (1976), t. 6 (1977), passim. Martin, Victor & Becker, Charles, "Lieux de culte et emplacements célèbres dans les pays
1083:
Husband and wife protectors of Ngol and several villages and towns within its vicinity, where the ceremony and offerings are made to the sacred tree of Ă‘aawul (var : Naawul) believed to be the sacred tree of these two. Headed by the
933:(Serer word for genie) are sometimes used interchangeably. Because some Pangool are linked to Serer lineages, only the head of the lineage schooled in the rituals can make a libation to the relevant Pangool or Fangool (the ancestor).
2060:
Abbé L. Diouf, L’homme dans le monde (Vision sereer), communication aux Journées
Africaines de Théologie, polygraphié, s. d., p. 6. Martin, Victor & Becker, Charles, "Lieux de culte et emplacements célèbres dans les pays
2022:, Frobenius-Institut, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kulturmorphologie, Frobenius Gesellschaft, "Paideuma: Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde, Volumes 43–44", F. Steiner (1997), pp 144–5, (Henry Gravrand, "La civilisation Sereer -Pangool" )
1577:, Frobenius-Institut, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kulturmorphologie, Frobenius Gesellschaft, "Paideuma: Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde, Volumes 43–44", F. Steiner (1997), pp 144–5, (Henry Gravrand, "La civilisation Sereer -Pangool" )
3524:
940:, the ancestors are the actual carrying-holders of transcendent sacred energies. However, the Pangool are superior in title because they were not transformed in the sacred energy. Thus the distinction between a
791:) were fetched by these ancient people because they believed the tree to possess elements which boosted the growth of their crops and produce much fruit. Ritual prayers were made to the supreme spirit
1593:
Galvan, Dennis
Charles, The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal, University of California Press, Berkeley (2004), pp 109–111, 80, 2–281
677:
5. those Pangool whose names are lost to history or did not disclose their identity, but are well known for certain events in Serer history, such as the seizure of certain historical figures, etc.
2001:
Galvan, Dennis Charles, "The State Must Be Our Master of Fire : How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal", Berkeley, University of California Press (2004)
2250:
730:
and these types of Pangool fulfill a vital role in Serer society, and are seen as one of the most ancient and powerful. The Fangool Ngolum Joof (var: Ngolum Diouf) is one of these
2577:
944:(non-human) and a human-ancestor lies in the mode of their participation in the transcendence. In either case, Roog is the first source of the transcendence of sacred energies.
2736:
2587:
2200:
3183:
2032:
Bressers, Hans, Rosenbaum, Walter A., Achieving sustainable development: the challenge of governance across social scales, Greenwood Publishing Group, (2003) p. 151
929:
at the time human beings were created. They were believed to have been created by the divine in order to help human kind. It is for this reason why the terms Pangool and
2592:
2185:
2205:
1609:
Bressers, Hans, Rosenbaum, Walter A., Achieving sustainable development: the challenge of governance across social scales, Greenwood Publishing Group, (2003) p. 151
2582:
2572:
848:
with his brother Ndik following a disagreement with his relative the king of Lambaye. After his migration, he founded Tukar, previously in the Serer pre-colonial
3511:
3504:
3492:
1558:
Niangoran-Bouah, Georges, "L'univers Akan des poids à peser l'or : les poids dans la société", Les nouvelles éditions africaines – MLB, (1987), p 25,
343:
631:. Through their intercession with the divine, they form a link which transmits vital energies. Not every dead ancient ancestor is canonized as Pangool.
338:
2245:
2071:" (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. Version légèrement remaniée par rapport à celle qui est parue en 1986–87. p 19
2009:
Niangoran-Bouah, Georges, "L'univers Akan des poids à peser l'or : les poids dans la société", Les nouvelles éditions africaines – MLB, (1987),
1492:" (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. Version légèrement remaniée par rapport à celle qui est parue en 1986–87. p 19
3245:
1978:
Kalis, Simone, "Médecine traditionnelle, religion et divination ches les Seereer Siin du Sénégal" –La connaissance de la nuit, L’Harmattan (1997),
1010:
1461:
R. P. Crétois, "Dictionnaire Sereer-Français", Dakar, CLAD, t. 1 (1972), t. 2 (1973), t. 3 (1974), t. 4 (1975), t. 5 Martin & Becker (pp 7–8)
1365:
Galvan, Dennis Charles, "The State Must Be Our Master of Fire : How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal", Berkeley,
2502:
2052:
1782:
2047:
Martin, Victor & Becker, Charles, "Lieux de culte et emplacements célèbres dans les pays sereer" (Sénégal), Publié dans le Bulletin de l’
1775:
Martin, Victor & Becker, Charles, "Lieux de culte et emplacements célèbres dans les pays sereer" (Sénégal), Publié dans le Bulletin de l’
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2308:
2158:
2042:
Niang, Mor Sadio, "CEREMONIES ET FÊTES TRADITIONNELLES", Ethiopiques n 31 révue socialiste de culture négro-africaine 3e trimestre (1982)
1747:
Niang, Mor Sadio, "CEREMONIES ET FÊTES TRADITIONNELLES", Ethiopiques n 31 révue socialiste de culture négro-africaine 3e trimestre (1982)
925:
have a Master of Pangool who knows how to evokes the ancestor. The earlier Pangool were not human beings, but superior beings created by
1934:. The word "cult" has negative and pejorative connotations especially when referring to other people's spiritual beliefs and traditions.
2962:
2210:
3390:
3230:
2676:
460:
2691:
2617:
2235:
2048:
1776:
658:
4. a Fangool made known to an individual and thus became the personal Fangool of the individual in question, such as the Fangool
803:), totally distinct from the prayers that would later become afforded to other Serer spiritual entities such as the Pangool. In
2781:
2686:
2671:
2666:
2100:
1146:
769:
663:
650:
533:
627:
forces. Human Pangool on the other hand became Pangool once they are canonized after death. Thus some are ancient, others are
3380:
638:
1. those Pangool who are known and revered in a particular region, such as the tombs of ancient Serer kings and queens (see
2993:
2791:
1286:
823:). The exact date as to when the veneration of the Pangool became prevalent cannot be stated with a degree of accuracy.
3469:
121:
43:
2786:
1996:
1983:
1959:
1663:
1598:
1354:
844:
founder of Tukar c. 11th century, is reported to have been accompanied by a group of Pangool when he migrated from
333:
2019:
1574:
3585:
1926:
The Serer do not refer to their religious practices as cults. They refer to these supernatural beings simply as
544:
There are several Pangool in Serer religion and each one is associated with a specific attribute, have their own
3480:
2445:
2440:
2037:
2027:
2014:
2005:
1973:
1614:
1582:
1563:
1539:
1366:
252:
3016:
655:
3. those Pangool who are known, revered and venerated in a particular square such as the founder of the square
116:
3260:
3153:
3101:
2955:
913:
Many Pangool are spirits of early ancestors who had died. They represent both Pangool of the paternal line (
2987:
1280:
1209:
According to Serer oral tradition, during the reigne of Maad a Sinig Boukar Tjilas Mahe Soum Joof (king of
860:, and the Pangool affiliated with it are devotedly venerated in the Serer religious calendar, such as the '
681:
In addition to these, Pangool can be further categorized depending on their character and nature, such as:
453:
1349:, "La Civilisation Sereer – Pangool", vol.2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, (1990), p 278,
3026:
351:
3561:
3543:
2492:
2487:
2328:
2093:
857:
545:
159:
1780:
3300:
3011:
2681:
2455:
765:
517:
305:
300:
257:
169:
48:
3530:
3415:
3405:
3210:
2948:
2731:
2068:
1489:
891:
3580:
3420:
3305:
3240:
2802:
2512:
2497:
2168:
1337:
and Martin & Becker, "Lieux de culte et emplacements célèbres dans les pays sereer", pp 7–8
922:
446:
433:
397:
23:
3537:
3400:
3360:
3345:
3330:
3285:
3225:
3046:
2701:
2696:
2632:
2470:
2387:
2265:
1030:
987:
961:
894:
of the divine. In the Serer home, the altar of the Pangool can not conceal that of the divine.
845:
521:
392:
295:
3517:
3173:
2450:
3350:
2776:
2118:
2086:
991:
861:
639:
421:
402:
3548:
3455:
3430:
3275:
3270:
3250:
3220:
3205:
3081:
2741:
2622:
2190:
374:
8:
3498:
3464:
3440:
3410:
3395:
3375:
3365:
3355:
3320:
3315:
3265:
3215:
3190:
3146:
2726:
2195:
1313:
1130:
A typical Fangool that delivers justice and have many devotees. Canonized at the time of
885:
804:
643:
242:
1988:
1655:
649:
2. those Pangool who are known and revered in a particular village or town, such as the
323:
3450:
3445:
3385:
3335:
3295:
3195:
3131:
3106:
3071:
3041:
3036:
2971:
2721:
1658:, "Mort et Naissance le monde Sereer", Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines (1983), p 43,
1104:
788:
184:
2285:
111:
68:
3486:
3425:
3370:
3325:
3310:
3290:
3280:
3255:
3200:
3158:
3121:
3096:
3051:
2920:
2661:
2358:
2133:
2033:
2023:
2010:
1992:
1979:
1969:
1955:
1659:
1610:
1594:
1578:
1559:
1350:
1272:
1131:
841:
832:
285:
189:
1099:
Offerings are made at the village of Nianiane (founded by Nokhor Choro Joof) to the
3435:
3340:
3235:
3126:
3111:
3001:
2712:
2522:
2430:
1318:
960:
The following table provides a sample of Pangool, their attributes and the part of
800:
481:
237:
2043:
1748:
1538:
Lericollais, André, "La mort des arbres à Sob, en pays Sereer" (Sénégal), pp 3–5
3168:
3136:
3091:
3086:
3021:
2651:
2527:
2425:
2138:
2004:
Lericollais, André, "La mort des arbres à Sob, en pays Sereer" (Sénégal), pp 3–5
1991:, "Mort et Naissance le monde Sereer", Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines (1983),
1786:
1300:
1210:
1150:
1002:
849:
671:
290:
174:
3141:
3116:
3066:
3061:
3056:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2460:
2230:
1947:
1832:
1346:
1244:
1036:
937:
881:
693:
513:
477:
144:
35:
106:
3574:
3006:
2642:
2537:
2532:
2435:
2400:
1258:
1055:
907:
735:
328:
2925:
2854:
2612:
2395:
2153:
2148:
2128:
2109:
2064:
1485:
1221:
998:
898:
779:
628:
497:
280:
247:
194:
31:
3163:
2915:
2910:
2849:
2824:
2819:
2771:
2761:
2348:
1085:
1068:, one of the best known Fangool. She possess the attributes of a typical
869:
897:
The Pangool provide the vital energies relating to the realities of the
778:
The history regarding the veneration of the Pangool is found within the
2363:
2343:
2143:
1815:
Variation : Dioulang Diouf & Ngojil Diouf (French spelling in
1061:
580:) – the "masters of the Pangool cult", i.e. the Serer priestly class –
509:
149:
2940:
808:
727:
3031:
2766:
2415:
2373:
2275:
2240:
1294:
903:
865:
734:. In many cases, offerings of alcohol rather than the sacrifice of
667:
581:
232:
204:
73:
751:
are the protectors of Serer cities and the defenders of the weak.
356:
3076:
2834:
2318:
2215:
1816:
1224:
came into conflict with the great Fangool of Ndiob – Tamba Faye.
1065:
853:
816:
501:
101:
83:
1954:", vol.2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, (1990),
1093:
Ngolum Joof (var : Ngolum Diouf, proper : Ngolum Juuf)
698:: those who require the sacrifice of domesticated animals (i.e.
2884:
2879:
2829:
2597:
2420:
2405:
2338:
2313:
2220:
2078:
2051:, Tome 41, Série B, n° 1, janvier 1979, p. 133–189 (p 15)
1820:
1005:, in the 15th century). Homage made to him at the festival of
949:
864:
which takes place once a year on the second Thursday after the
820:
773:
699:
624:
585:
537:
505:
222:
164:
154:
78:
1779:, Tome 41, Série B, n° 1, janvier 1979, p. 133-189 (pp 15–34)
1060:
A female protector of the Fatick Region, offering made to the
2814:
2607:
2602:
2368:
1968: : les origines", Nouvelles Editions africaines (1983),
1308:
1124:
921:). These ancestors guide and protect their descendants. Many
836:
812:
717:
687:
607:
549:
199:
2844:
2839:
2410:
2353:
2290:
2280:
2255:
926:
796:
792:
707:
529:
525:
262:
179:
139:
63:
548:, means of worship, etc. The symbol of the Pangool is the
1819:
respectively), the surname Joof (English spelling in the
952:– spirit of justice) and those who are personal Pangool
16:
Ancient saints and ancestral spirits of the Serer people
496:), are the ancient saints and ancestral spirits of the
872:
of Tukar) play a vital role in this religious affair.
2983:
1234:
868:
in April. The descendants of Lamane Jegan Joof (the
997:Canonized king of the Pangool during the reign of
1964:Gravrand, Henry, "La civilisation Sereer, VOL.1,
1839:is the proper spelling of the surname Joof/Diouf.
1823:) or Diouf (French spelling in Senegal) is spelt
3572:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1543:
1035:Village founded by Jaan Fadé represented by the
1072:, yet at the same time she is a blood Fangool.
1039:. Homage headed by the Jaan clan. Njoxona is a
524:between the living world and the supreme being
1893:Variation : Boukar Tjilas Mahé Soum Diouf
1120:Lunguñ Joof (Serer proper : Lunguñ Juuf)
403:Index of all articles relating to Serer people
2956:
2094:
1677:
1415:
1413:
1411:
454:
1436:
1434:
555:
398:Index of articles relating to Serer religion
811:, as they were the first things created on
393:Index of articles relating to Serer history
2963:
2949:
2101:
2087:
1408:
461:
447:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1469:
1467:
1431:
1064:. She appears to humans in the form of a
712:: those who require the offerings of milk
2677:Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1149:(var : Maysa Waaly Dione), king of
1009:, one of the religious festivals in the
955:
634:Pangool can be subdivided further into:
2692:Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof
1768:
1766:
1764:
1481:
1479:
534:ancient Serer village and town founders
3573:
2970:
2782:The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof
2687:Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh
2672:Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof
2667:Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof
1642:
1640:
1464:
1147:Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh
770:States headed by ancient Serer Lamanes
664:Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh
2944:
2082:
1495:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
520:. In a religious sense, they act as
512:. The Pangool play a crucial role in
2994:Traditional African religions portal
2792:The Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof
2049:Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire
1884:Gravrand, "Pangool", p 344 & 352
1777:Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire
1761:
1476:
1107:. Headed by the Joof family and the
666:, var: Maysa Waaly Dione, the first
552:, represented by two coiled snakes.
1857:Variation : Nokhor Tioro Diouf
1637:
1287:Traditional African religion portal
13:
1875:Gravrand, "Pangool", pp 342–3, 349
1443:
1359:
917:) and those of the maternal line (
722:: those who reside in water, etc.,
352:Serer views on interfaith marriage
14:
3597:
2787:The Royal House of Jogo Siga Joof
875:
807:, trees play a vital role in the
726:Blood is a sign of life in Serer
702:) in their veneration, or alcohol
3525:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
3246:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2986:
2108:
1293:
1279:
1265:
1251:
1237:
759:
428:
427:
416:
415:
47:
42:
1941:
1896:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1809:
1800:
1791:
1752:
1738:
1729:
1720:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1668:
1649:
1628:
1619:
1603:
1587:
1568:
1552:
1529:
1422:
890:The Pangool are related to the
826:
2446:Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune
2441:States headed by Serer Lamanes
1920:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1367:University of California Press
1340:
1331:
651:Serer village or town founders
357:Serer views on heaven and hell
318:Relations with other religions
253:States headed by Serer Lamanes
1:
3154:Traditional African religions
2020:Universität Frankfurt am Main
1646:Gravrand, "Pangool", pp 307–8
1575:Universität Frankfurt am Main
1324:
1214:
1134:. Headed by the Joof family.
532:. In a historical sense, the
2737:Lingeer Selbeh Ndoffene Joof
2654:(ancient kings / landowners)
1950:, "La Civilisation Sereer –
1848:Gravrand, "Pangool", p 332-3
1717:Gravrand, "Pangool", p 342-4
1549:Gravrand, "Pagool", pp 283–4
1173:Moussa Sarr (or : Saar)
1153:, reigned : 1350–1370.
602:comes from the Serer phrase
7:
3306:Ivory Coast (CĂ´te d'Ivoire)
3027:Traditional Berber religion
1428:Granvrand, "Pangool", p 327
1230:
1077:Julang Joof and Ngojil Joof
1013:. Veneration headed by the
815:by the divine, followed by
10:
3602:
3562:African diaspora religions
2713:Queens & Queen Mothers
1806:Gravrand, "Pangool", p 327
1758:Gravrand, "Pangool", p 320
1735:Gravrand, "Pangool", p 386
1726:Gravrand, "Pangool", p 363
1708:Gravrand, "Pangool", p 330
1634:Gravrand, "Pangool", p 305
1526:Gravrand, "Pangool", p 338
1473:Gravrand, "Pangool", p 344
1419:Gravrand, "Pangool", p 313
1405:Gravrand, "Pangool", p 311
1158:Njemeh (var : Ndiémé)
879:
852:, now part of independent
830:
763:
754:
564:– the singular of Pangool
324:Serer views on incarnation
3558:
3463:
3182:
3012:Ancient Egyptian religion
2978:
2904:
2897:
2800:
2750:
2710:
2682:Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof
2640:
2631:
2565:
2511:
2478:
2469:
2456:Timeline of Serer history
2386:
2327:
2299:
2264:
2176:
2167:
2117:
1625:Gravrand, "Pangool, p 241
1194:Veneration headed by the
766:Timeline of Serer history
662:(the personal Fangool of
614:. Fangool means serpent.
556:Etymology and terminology
306:Index of Serer matriarchs
301:Index of Serer patriarchs
258:Timeline of Serer history
170:Senegambian stone circles
3231:Central African Republic
2191:Classical Ndut teachings
1913:
1690:Gravrand, "Pangool", 352
1378:Gravrand, "Pangool", p 9
617:
2069:Histoire du Sine-Saloum
1866:Var : Lungun Diouf
1490:Histoire du Sine-Saloum
1080:Ngol and several others
610:the plural of which is
606:which means the sacred
546:sacred place of worship
434:Serer religion category
3586:Veneration of the dead
2702:Maad Semou Njekeh Joof
2697:Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof
1017:matriclan (var :
1001:Waasila Faye (king of
988:Foundiougne Department
979:Attributes / comments
856:. Tukar is one of the
674:, reigned: 1350–1370).
296:Maad Semou Njekeh Joof
117:Intercession of saints
3391:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
3381:Republic of the Congo
2777:Joos Maternal Dynasty
1164:Njemeh is one of the
956:List of Serer Pangool
880:Further information:
742:. In contrast to the
640:Serer ancient history
570:– a group of Fangool
422:Serer people category
2742:Serer maternal clans
1145:Personal Fangool of
1048:Mindiss (var :
736:domesticated animals
623:personifications of
375:Ndut initiation rite
3147:Serer creation myth
2732:Lingeer Ngoné Dièye
2727:Lingeer Ndoye Demba
2451:Battle of Logandème
2416:Kingdom of Biffeche
1314:Snakes in mythology
1123:FA Oye, Ngouye and
1111:matriclan. He is a
919:pangool o Ćeen yaay
906:at the time of the
886:Serer creation myth
644:Serer creation myth
243:Serer creation myth
160:Index of holy sites
3132:Malagasy mythology
3042:Bushongo mythology
2972:Religion in Africa
2722:Lingeer Fatim Beye
1785:2016-03-03 at the
1369:(2004), pp 53, 185
1029:Nakhar village in
809:creation narrative
789:bauhinia rufescens
738:are made to these
3568:
3567:
3474:other territories
3261:Equatorial Guinea
3159:Tumbuka mythology
3122:Lugbara mythology
3107:Khoe/San religion
3052:Dahomean religion
2938:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2921:Toucouleur people
2893:
2892:
2662:Lamane Jegan Joof
2561:
2560:
2421:kingdom of Saloum
2382:
2381:
2359:Point of Sangomar
1989:Faye, Louis Diène
1656:Faye, Louis Diène
1440:Kalis, pp 122–123
1273:Mauritania portal
1228:
1227:
1132:Lamane Jegan Joof
915:pangool o kurcala
842:Lamane Jegan Joof
833:Lamane Jegan Joof
598:The etymology of
584:, previously the
471:
470:
286:Lamane Jegan Joof
190:Point of Sangomar
3593:
3184:Sovereign states
3127:Maasai mythology
3112:Lotuko mythology
3002:Akamba mythology
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858:Serer holy sites
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238:Serer prehistory
217:Related articles
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3137:Mbuti mythology
3092:Isoko mythology
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2426:Kingdom of Sine
2411:Kingdom of Baol
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2286:Kopé Tiatie Cac
2266:Supreme deities
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805:Serer cosmogony
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3544:Western Sahara
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1699:Kalis, p 123-4
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1007:Tourou Peithie
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2436:Serer history
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2401:Cekeen Tumuli
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:Other deities
2298:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2196:Creation myth
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2104:
2099:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2065:Sarr, Alioune
2063:
2059:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1997:2-7236-0868-9
1994:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1984:2-7384-5196-9
1981:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1960:2-7236-1055-1
1957:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1933:
1930:, singular —
1929:
1923:
1919:
1899:
1890:
1881:
1872:
1863:
1854:
1845:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1755:
1749:
1741:
1732:
1723:
1714:
1705:
1696:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1671:
1665:
1664:2-7236-0868-9
1661:
1657:
1652:
1643:
1641:
1631:
1622:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1599:9780520235915
1596:
1590:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1546:
1540:
1532:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1491:
1487:
1486:Sarr, Alioune
1482:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1425:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1402:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1355:2-7236-1055-1
1352:
1348:
1343:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1291:
1288:
1282:
1277:
1274:
1263:
1260:
1259:Gambia portal
1249:
1246:
1235:
1223:
1220:– 1763), the
1212:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1113:blood Fangool
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1070:water Fangool
1067:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1056:Fatick Region
1054:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
993:
989:
986:
983:
982:
978:
975:
972:
971:
968:
967:
964:they protect
963:
962:Serer country
953:
951:
945:
943:
939:
934:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
911:
909:
905:
900:
895:
893:
892:transcendence
887:
883:
873:
871:
867:
863:
862:Raan festival
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
838:
834:
824:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
781:
775:
771:
767:
760:Early history
752:
749:
745:
744:blood Pangool
741:
740:blood Pangool
737:
733:
732:blood Pangool
729:
721:
719:
714:
711:
709:
704:
701:
697:
695:
690:
689:
684:
683:
682:
676:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
654:
652:
648:
645:
641:
637:
636:
635:
632:
630:
626:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
593:
590:
587:
586:Lamanic class
583:
579:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
559:
553:
551:
547:
542:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
464:
459:
457:
452:
450:
445:
444:
442:
441:
436:
435:
426:
424:
423:
414:
413:
412:
411:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
390:
384:
383:
376:
373:
372:
366:
365:
358:
355:
353:
350:
345:
344:By Christians
342:
340:
337:
336:
335:
332:
330:
329:Serer history
327:
325:
322:
321:
315:
314:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
278:
272:
271:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
220:
214:
213:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
137:
134:Sacred places
131:
130:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
99:
93:
92:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
70:
67:
65:
62:
61:
55:
54:
50:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
3536:
3523:
3510:
3465:Dependencies
3416:South Africa
3406:Sierra Leone
3211:Burkina Faso
3047:Christianity
3017:Baháʼà Faith
2926:Wolof people
2855:Maad a Sinig
2807:royal titles
2754:royal houses
2646:
2528:Lehar/Laalaa
2471:Demographics
2396:Amar Godomat
2329:Sacred sites
2225:
1965:
1951:
1942:Bibliography
1931:
1927:
1922:
1898:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1862:
1853:
1844:
1836:
1828:
1824:
1811:
1802:
1797:Kalis, p 123
1793:
1754:
1740:
1731:
1722:
1713:
1704:
1695:
1674:Kalis, p 153
1670:
1651:
1630:
1621:
1605:
1589:
1570:
1554:
1545:
1531:
1424:
1401:
1396:Kalis, p 122
1392:
1387:Kalis, p 300
1383:
1374:
1361:
1342:
1333:
1222:Maad a Sinig
1195:
1181:milk Fangool
1180:
1166:milk Pangool
1165:
1112:
1108:
1100:
1069:
1049:
1041:milk Fangool
1040:
1018:
1014:
1006:
999:Maad a Sinig
994:and Peithie)
976:Protector of
965:
959:
946:
941:
935:
930:
918:
914:
912:
899:Serer people
896:
889:
840:
827:Medieval Era
785:Njambayargin
784:
780:hermeneutics
777:
748:milk Pangool
747:
743:
739:
731:
725:
716:
706:
692:
686:
680:
659:
633:
621:
611:
603:
599:
597:
591:
578:yaal pangool
577:
576:(var :
573:
567:
561:
543:
498:Serer people
493:
489:
488:(var :
485:
484:) singular:
473:
472:
432:
420:
281:Amar Godomat
248:Serer people
227:
195:Thiouthioune
3421:South Sudan
3164:Waaqeffanna
2916:Lebu people
2911:Jola people
2875:Sene family
2870:Sarr family
2865:Njie family
2860:Ngum family
2850:Maad Saloum
2825:Joof family
2820:Faye family
2772:Joof family
2762:Faye family
2588:Inheritance
2349:Sine-Saloum
2309:Kumba Njaay
2291:Roog (main)
1903:(in French)
1773:(in French)
1745:(in French)
1536:(in French)
1459:(in French)
1218: 1750
1198:matriclan.
1105:baobab tree
1086:Joof family
938:other world
870:Joof family
522:interceders
334:Persecution
3575:Categories
3560:See also:
3551:(Tanzania)
3538:Somaliland
3531:St. Helena
3495:(Portugal)
3470:autonomies
3401:Seychelles
3361:Mozambique
3346:Mauritania
3331:Madagascar
3286:The Gambia
3226:Cape Verde
3082:Irreligion
2493:Mauritania
2364:Tattaguine
2344:Sine River
2177:Key topics
2038:0275978028
2028:3515028420
2015:2723614034
1974:2723608778
1615:0275978028
1583:3515028420
1564:2723614034
1325:References
1203:Tamba Faye
1062:River Sine
984:Laga Ndong
908:coronation
799:among the
592:Pangool ke
510:Mauritania
339:By Muslims
112:Divination
3351:Mauritius
2979:Religions
2513:Languages
2479:By region
2246:Symbolism
2206:Festivals
2201:Criticism
1109:Karé-Karé
728:cosmogony
604:Fang Qool
582:Saltigues
369:Education
122:Rainmaker
107:Astronomy
3549:Zanzibar
3520:(France)
3512:Puntland
3501:(France)
3456:Zimbabwe
3431:Tanzania
3276:Ethiopia
3271:Eswatini
3251:Djibouti
3221:Cameroon
3206:Botswana
3072:Hinduism
3037:Buddhism
2803:Families
2767:Guelowar
2593:Marriage
2374:Yaboyabo
2276:Kokh Kox
2241:Saltigue
2231:Religion
2169:Religion
2139:Niominka
1783:Archived
1231:See also
1161:Languème
1142:Personal
1096:Nianiane
1015:Taa'boor
904:placenta
866:new moon
670:king of
668:Guelowar
629:medieval
387:See also
233:Saltigue
205:Yaboyabo
74:Kokh Kox
24:a series
22:Part of
3518:RĂ©union
3507:(Spain)
3505:Melilla
3499:Mayotte
3493:Madeira
3489:(Spain)
3483:(Spain)
3441:Tunisia
3411:Somalia
3396:Senegal
3376:Nigeria
3366:Namibia
3356:Morocco
3321:Liberia
3316:Lesotho
3266:Eritrea
3241:Comoros
3216:Burundi
3191:Algeria
3102:Judaism
3097:Jainism
2835:Lingeer
2652:Lamanes
2633:Royalty
2566:Culture
2498:Senegal
2388:History
2319:Tiurakh
2226:Pangool
2216:Junjung
2211:Jaaniiw
2119:Peoples
2061:sereer"
2057:sereer"
1952:Pangool
1932:fangool
1928:pangool
1817:Senegal
1139:Ginaaru
1066:manatee
1026:Njoxona
942:fangool
936:In the
854:Senegal
846:Lambaye
817:animals
755:History
720:Pangool
710:Pangool
696:Pangool
660:Ginaaru
625:natural
612:pangool
608:serpent
600:fangool
568:Pangool
562:Fangool
550:serpent
538:Lamanes
536:called
518:history
502:Senegal
486:Fangool
474:Pangool
228:Pangool
150:Fandène
102:Animism
84:Tiurakh
58:Deities
3451:Zambia
3446:Uganda
3386:Rwanda
3336:Malawi
3296:Guinea
3196:Angola
2885:Thilas
2880:Teigne
2830:Lamane
2598:Mbalax
2523:Cangin
2488:Gambia
2406:Khasso
2339:Fatick
2314:Takhar
2221:Lamane
2129:Laalaa
2112:topics
2036:
2026:
2013:
1995:
1982:
1972:
1966:Cosaan
1958:
1821:Gambia
1662:
1613:
1597:
1581:
1562:
1353:
1196:Cofaan
1188:Harwak
1050:Mindis
1037:python
1031:Nakhar
992:Djilor
950:Takhar
821:humans
801:Cangin
787:tree (
774:Lamane
772:, and
746:, the
700:cattle
506:Gambia
504:, the
494:Fangol
490:Pangol
482:Cangin
223:Lamane
165:Saloum
155:Fatick
79:Takhar
32:Serers
3487:Ceuta
3472:, and
3426:Sudan
3371:Niger
3326:Libya
3311:Kenya
3291:Ghana
3281:Gabon
3256:Egypt
3201:Benin
3087:Islam
2815:Buumi
2649:) and
2643:Kings
2618:Tassu
2608:Sabar
2603:Njuup
2583:Death
2573:Birth
2553:Serer
2548:Safen
2543:Palor
2369:Tukar
2251:Women
2236:Sadax
2154:Saafi
2149:Palor
2110:Serer
1914:Notes
1309:Nommo
1206:Ndiob
1191:Fayil
1125:Tukar
1103:and
1101:Ngane
1019:Tabor
931:Nguus
837:Tukar
819:(non-
813:Earth
718:Water
688:Blood
618:Types
478:Serer
200:Tukar
3533:(UK)
3436:Togo
3341:Mali
3236:Chad
2845:Maad
2840:Loul
2647:Maad
2623:Njom
2613:Tama
2538:Noon
2533:Ndut
2354:Somb
2281:Koox
2256:Xooy
2186:CiiÉ—
2159:Seex
2144:Noon
2134:Ndut
2034:ISBN
2024:ISBN
2011:ISBN
1993:ISBN
1980:ISBN
1970:ISBN
1956:ISBN
1837:Juuf
1825:Juuf
1660:ISBN
1611:ISBN
1595:ISBN
1579:ISBN
1560:ISBN
1351:ISBN
1211:Sine
1151:Sine
1003:Sine
927:Roog
884:and
835:and
797:Koox
795:(or
793:Roog
708:Milk
672:Sine
642:and
530:Koox
526:Roog
516:and
508:and
492:and
480:and
476:(in
263:Xooy
180:Somb
175:Sine
140:Baol
64:Roog
34:and
2805:and
2075:14)
2067:, "
1906:14)
1831:in
1829:Juf
1827:or
1488:, "
1021:).
715:3.
705:2.
694:red
691:or
685:1.
528:or
500:of
3577::
1835:.
1763:^
1679:^
1639:^
1497:^
1478:^
1466:^
1445:^
1433:^
1410:^
1215:c.
1213:,
1183:.
1179:A
1168:.
1115:.
1088:.
1043:.
910:.
768:,
26:on
3467:,
2964:e
2957:t
2950:v
2645:(
2102:e
2095:t
2088:v
1176:?
1127:.
1052:)
990:(
966::
646:)
588:.
462:e
455:t
448:v
346:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
