767:
1105:
133:
1157:
1015:
937:
102:
838:
810:
914:
2795:
1946:
1136:
1077:
1453:
1049:
328:, for example, are entirely absent in all living paraneopterans (Acercaria meaning without cerci). Other âreductionsâ occur in wing venation, in the number of tarsal segments (no more than three), only four
1766:
Huang, Di-Ying; Bechly, GĂźnter; Nel, Patricia; Engel, Michael S.; Prokop, Jakub; Azar, Dany; Cai, Chen-Yang; van de Kamp, Thomas; Staniczek, Arnold H.; Garrouste, Romain; Krogmann, Lars (March 2016).
1391:. There are 50 families of bark lice with over 200 genera. This is the first insect order to show the beginnings of a transition to sucking mouthparts. Recent studies have found that Psocoptera is
335:
The mouthparts of the
Paraneoptera reflect diverse feeding habits. Basal groups are microbial surface feeders, whereas more advanced groups feed on plant or animal fluids.
2730:
2672:
2652:
2745:
1328:
and others. They range in size from 1 millimetre (0.039 in) to around 15 centimetres (5.9 in), and share a common arrangement of sucking
324:
All of the insects classified here exhibit various âreductionsâ or âsimplificationsâ from the primitive body-plan found in typical polyneopterans.
1768:"New fossil insect order Permopsocida elucidates major radiation and evolution of suction feeding in hemimetabolous insects (Hexapoda: Acercaria)"
1677:
2760:
731:(booklice, barklice or barkflies). However, studies have shown that Phthiraptera is in fact nested deep within Psocoptera, making Psocoptera
2907:
2692:
2667:
2687:
1849:
1729:
C. H. C. Lyal (1985). "Phylogeny and classification of the
Psocodea, with particular reference to the lice (Psocodea: Phthiraptera)".
2894:
1593:
2899:
2912:
1842:
2479:
2966:
132:
1835:
1585:
1436:, the elephant lice, consists of only 3 species that parasitize elephants and wild pigs in Africa. The
1440:(sucking lice) parasitize only mammals. Phthiraptera has been found to be contained within the order
1670:
1358:
do not. Instead the abdomen is drawn out in the shape of a tube. These insects are called thrips.
766:
2938:
2862:
2824:
1861:
110:
1577:
1507:"Higher-level phylogeny of paraneopteran insects inferred from mitochondrial genome sequences"
2961:
2933:
1731:
1505:
Hu Li; Renfu Shao; Nan Song; Fan Song; Pei Jiang; Zhihong Li; Wanzhi Cai (23 February 2015).
2925:
2881:
1779:
1520:
1472:
The extinct order
Permopsocida includes 18 genera divided into 3 families, dating from the
8:
2971:
1104:
1783:
1524:
2770:
2285:
1808:
1767:
1748:
1744:
1701:
1672:
1635:
1610:
1543:
1511:
1506:
329:
254:
127:
1609:
Letsch, H. O.; Meusemann, K.; Wipfler, B.; SchĂźtte, K.; Beutel, R.; Misof, B. (2012).
1350:
includes 5,500 species classified into two suborders distinguished by the ovipositor.
2920:
2720:
1813:
1795:
1706:
1640:
1589:
1569:
1548:
1329:
1752:
1671:
Kevin P. Johnson; Christopher H. Dietrich; Frank
Friedrich; et al. (Dec 2018).
1432:
is the largest suborder and parasitize mostly birds and some groups of mammals. The
2662:
2513:
2199:
1803:
1787:
1740:
1696:
1686:
1630:
1622:
1573:
1538:
1528:
1246:
2806:
2740:
2657:
2647:
2624:
2191:
1481:
1282:
1117:
886:
282:
2584:
2799:
2755:
2750:
2735:
2682:
1043:
908:
864:
1611:"Insect phylogenomics: Results, problems and the impact of matrix composition"
2955:
2847:
2710:
2702:
1928:
1920:
1799:
1130:
1099:
994:
648:
468:
352:
59:
1691:
1156:
1014:
548:
Here is an alternative cladogram showing
Paraneoptera as paraphyletic, with
2642:
2415:
2392:
2384:
2326:
2113:
2056:
1885:
1817:
1710:
1644:
1626:
1552:
1467:
1456:
1433:
1417:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1151:
1008:
930:
850:
804:
747:
739:
732:
724:
661:
612:
580:
557:
553:
481:
431:
406:
376:
372:
368:
360:
348:
310:
245:
230:
1488:), Permopsocida are more closely related to thrips and bugs than to lice.
936:
2873:
2856:
2765:
2697:
2629:
2530:
2431:
2361:
2212:
2150:
2026:
1388:
1351:
1313:
1071:
832:
101:
34:
1568:
386:
showing the traditional relationships with a monophyletic
Paraneoptera:
2715:
2439:
2249:
2158:
2142:
2126:
1954:
1485:
1473:
1441:
1429:
1372:
1367:
1355:
1321:
1317:
728:
592:
418:
318:
314:
294:
214:
184:
79:
44:
1791:
1533:
853: (paraphyletic with respect to Phthiraptera)
2677:
2521:
2481:
2456:
2309:
2220:
2179:
2166:
1997:
1984:
1879:
1425:
1241:
1236:
1028:
743:
677:
497:
383:
356:
306:
236:
164:
144:
119:
84:
2818:
1399:
nested deep within
Psocoptera, within the now-paraphyletic suborder
2841:
2725:
2634:
2423:
2293:
2085:
1891:
1477:
1437:
1376:
790:
751:
720:
627:
567:
549:
456:
393:
364:
344:
290:
208:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
1297:
913:
837:
809:
2886:
2064:
1945:
1424:, includes 5,000 described species divided into 4 suborders. The
1301:
89:
64:
1827:
1135:
2401:
2301:
2228:
2134:
2043:
2035:
1873:
1858:
1504:
1452:
1375:, the bark lice, include 4,400 described species arranged in 3
1347:
1341:
1305:
1286:
325:
302:
286:
174:
154:
115:
2794:
1428:
is the most basal group and parasitize birds and mammals. The
1270:
1608:
1421:
1412:
1325:
1309:
1048:
298:
220:
1076:
2489:
1273:
1252:
2499:
1261:
1673:"Phylogenomics and the evolution of hemipteroid insects"
2442:(net-winged insects: lacewings, mantidflies, antlions)
1354:
have a well-developed conical ovipositor, while the
1267:
1264:
309:, the true bugs. It also includes the extinct order
242:
1765:
1258:
1255:
1249:
2953:
1678:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2279:
1843:
1728:
332:, and only one complex of abdominal ganglia.
746:showing the internal relationships, and how
2111:
1919:
363:(thrips). However, analysis has shown that
2025:
1850:
1836:
1584:. Volume 1 of Cambridge Evolution Series.
1564:
1562:
100:
1807:
1700:
1690:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1634:
1542:
1532:
1403:, making Psocoptera an invalid grouping.
1154:(cicadas, leafhoppers, spittlebugs, etc)
2571:Four most speciose orders are marked in
2161:(crickets, wetas, grasshoppers, locusts)
1451:
1559:
2954:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1651:
2823:
2822:
2609:
1904:
1831:
375:, which would render Paraneoptera as
313:, known from fossils dating from the
2434:(alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies)
1717:
1300:), comprising around 50,000â80,000
1074:(shield bugs, assassin bugs, etc)
13:
1745:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1985.tb00525.x
14:
2983:
1857:
1759:
1498:
2793:
1944:
1615:Proceedings. Biological Sciences
1245:
1155:
1134:
1103:
1075:
1047:
1013:
935:
912:
836:
808:
765:
131:
32:
1447:
1406:
1602:
1:
2364:(sawflies, wasps, ants, bees)
1491:
1361:
2312:(cicadas, aphids, true bugs)
1230:
351:, the monophyletic grouping
338:
7:
2610:
1225:
10:
2988:
2502:(gnats, mosquitoes, flies)
2395:(twisted-winged parasites)
2067:(dragonflies, damselflies)
1905:
1586:Cambridge University Press
1578:"The Paraneopteran Orders"
1465:
1410:
1365:
1339:
1234:
742:, here is a more detailed
2831:
2787:
2620:
2616:
2605:
2567:
2512:
2470:
2455:
2414:
2383:
2374:
2356:
2325:
2275:
2248:
2211:
2178:
2122:
2107:
2084:
2055:
2034:
2021:
1996:
1980:
1953:
1942:
1915:
1911:
1900:
1868:
1335:
1149:
1128:
1121:
1097:
1090:
1069:
1062:
1041:
1034:
1005:
998:
927:
906:
899:
884:
877:
862:
855:
830:
823:
802:
795:
783:
762:
738:Assuming Paraneoptera is
735:and an invalid grouping.
675:
659:
652:
625:
610:
603:
596:
578:
571:
495:
479:
472:
454:
447:
429:
422:
404:
397:
347:(lice), along with their
343:Paraneoptera consists of
260:
253:
205:
200:
128:Scientific classification
126:
108:
99:
30:Late CarboniferousâRecent
23:
2153:(stick and leaf insects)
1582:Evolution of the Insects
1289:most often known as the
723:contains the two orders
2580:are paraphyletic groups
2223:(cockroaches, termites)
1987:(silverfish, firebrats)
1692:10.1073/pnas.1815820115
1461:Psocorrhyncha burmitica
1032: (true bugs)
1931:(jumping bristletails)
1627:10.1098/rspb.2012.0744
1463:
111:Magicicada septendecim
2934:Paleobiology Database
1732:Systematic Entomology
1455:
719:Within Paraneoptera,
367:could instead be the
16:Superorder of insects
2533:(moths, butterflies)
1588:. pp. 261â330.
1784:2016NatSR...623004H
1685:(50): 12775â12780.
1621:(1741): 3282â3290.
1525:2015NatSR...5E8527L
2967:Insect superorders
2800:Insects portal
2771:Triadophlebioptera
1772:Scientific Reports
1512:Scientific Reports
1464:
330:Malpighian tubules
2949:
2948:
2921:Open Tree of Life
2825:Taxon identifiers
2816:
2815:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2721:Palaeodictyoptera
2706:
2638:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2534:
2525:
2503:
2493:
2485:
2463:
2451:
2450:
2443:
2435:
2427:
2405:
2396:
2365:
2321:
2320:
2313:
2305:
2297:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2232:
2224:
2203:
2200:Mantophasmatodea
2195:
2184:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2130:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2047:
2036:Ephemeropteroidea
1988:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1792:10.1038/srep23004
1595:978-0-521-82149-0
1570:David A. Grimaldi
1534:10.1038/srep08527
1222:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1177:
1176:
1168:
1167:
984:
983:
975:
974:
966:
965:
957:
956:
948:
947:
716:
715:
707:
706:
698:
697:
689:
688:
638:
637:
545:
544:
536:
535:
527:
526:
518:
517:
509:
508:
382:Here is a simple
272:
271:
2979:
2942:
2941:
2929:
2928:
2916:
2915:
2903:
2902:
2890:
2889:
2877:
2876:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2820:
2819:
2798:
2797:
2731:Permoplectoptera
2704:
2663:Diaphanopterodea
2636:
2618:
2617:
2607:
2606:
2532:
2523:
2514:Amphiesmenoptera
2501:
2495:
2491:
2483:
2473:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2459:
2441:
2433:
2425:
2403:
2394:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2363:
2354:
2353:
2311:
2303:
2296:(barklice, lice)
2295:
2287:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2230:
2222:
2201:
2193:
2192:Grylloblattodea
2182:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2144:
2136:
2128:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2066:
2045:
2032:
2031:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2018:
1986:
1978:
1977:
1948:
1930:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1902:
1901:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1829:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1811:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1726:
1715:
1714:
1704:
1694:
1668:
1649:
1648:
1638:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1574:Michael S. Engel
1566:
1557:
1556:
1546:
1536:
1502:
1434:Rhynchophthirina
1280:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1159:
1138:
1124:
1123:
1107:
1093:
1092:
1079:
1065:
1064:
1051:
1037:
1036:
1017:
1001:
1000:
939:
916:
902:
901:
880:
879:
858:
857:
840:
826:
825:
812:
798:
797:
786:
785:
769:
758:
757:
655:
654:
606:
605:
599:
598:
574:
573:
564:
563:
475:
474:
450:
449:
425:
424:
400:
399:
390:
389:
359:(true bugs) and
244:
136:
135:
104:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2937:
2932:
2924:
2919:
2911:
2906:
2898:
2893:
2885:
2880:
2872:
2870:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2827:
2817:
2812:
2792:
2775:
2741:Protelytroptera
2673:Eudiaphanoptera
2658:Coxoplectoptera
2653:Carbotriplurida
2648:Campylopteridae
2625:Aethiocarenodea
2612:
2593:
2539:
2508:
2484:(scorpionflies)
2471:
2460:
2458:
2447:
2410:
2375:
2370:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2317:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2236:
2207:
2181:
2174:
2169:(angel insects)
2112:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2072:
2051:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1992:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1949:
1936:
1907:
1896:
1864:
1856:
1826:
1825:
1764:
1760:
1727:
1718:
1669:
1652:
1607:
1603:
1596:
1567:
1560:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1482:Late Cretaceous
1480:) to the early
1470:
1450:
1415:
1409:
1370:
1364:
1344:
1338:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1133:(planthoppers)
1118:Auchenorrhyncha
985:
976:
967:
958:
949:
887:Sphaeropsocidae
717:
708:
699:
690:
639:
546:
537:
528:
519:
510:
341:
289:which includes
130:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2985:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2930:
2917:
2904:
2891:
2878:
2868:
2853:
2837:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2803:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2756:Protozygoptera
2753:
2751:Protorthoptera
2748:
2746:Protephemerida
2743:
2738:
2736:Protanisoptera
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2705:(griffinflies)
2703:Meganisoptera
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2683:Glosselytrodea
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2632:
2627:
2621:
2614:
2613:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2581:
2575:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2527:
2518:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2496:
2476:
2474:
2465:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2437:
2429:
2424:Raphidioptera
2420:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2398:
2389:
2387:
2378:
2376:Neuropteroidea
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2357:
2351:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2307:
2299:
2290:
2288:
2270:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2226:
2217:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2197:
2194:(ice-crawlers)
2188:
2186:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2148:
2140:
2132:
2123:
2117:
2102:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2061:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:Ephemeroptera
2040:
2038:
2029:
2016:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1981:
1975:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:Archaeognatha
1925:
1923:
1909:
1908:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1832:
1824:
1823:
1758:
1739:(2): 145â165.
1716:
1650:
1601:
1594:
1558:
1519:(8527): 8527.
1496:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1466:Main article:
1449:
1446:
1411:Main article:
1408:
1405:
1366:Main article:
1363:
1360:
1340:Main article:
1337:
1334:
1235:Main article:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1044:Sternorrhyncha
1040:
1035:
1033:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1004:
999:
997:
991:
990:
987:
986:
982:
981:
978:
977:
973:
972:
969:
968:
964:
963:
960:
959:
955:
954:
951:
950:
946:
945:
942:
941:
926:
923:
922:
919:
918:
909:Liposcelididae
905:
900:
898:
895:
894:
891:
890:
883:
878:
876:
873:
872:
869:
868:
865:Amphientometae
861:
856:
854:
847:
846:
843:
842:
829:
824:
822:
819:
818:
815:
814:
801:
796:
794:
784:
782:
776:
775:
772:
771:
764:Other insects
761:
756:
714:
713:
710:
709:
705:
704:
701:
700:
696:
695:
692:
691:
687:
686:
683:
682:
674:
671:
670:
667:
666:
658:
653:
651:
645:
644:
641:
640:
636:
635:
632:
631:
624:
621:
620:
617:
616:
609:
604:
602:
597:
595:
589:
588:
585:
584:
577:
572:
570:
562:
543:
542:
539:
538:
534:
533:
530:
529:
525:
524:
521:
520:
516:
515:
512:
511:
507:
506:
503:
502:
494:
491:
490:
487:
486:
478:
473:
471:
465:
464:
461:
460:
453:
448:
446:
440:
439:
436:
435:
428:
423:
421:
415:
414:
411:
410:
403:
398:
396:
388:
355:that contains
340:
337:
270:
269:
268:
267:
264:
258:
257:
251:
250:
249:
248:
240:
234:
228:
227:
226:
225:
224:
203:
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
124:
123:
106:
105:
97:
96:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2984:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2940:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2864:
2858:
2854:
2849:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2711:Megasecoptera
2709:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2608:
2604:
2590:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2536:
2535:
2528:
2526:
2524:(caddisflies)
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2497:
2494:
2490:Siphonaptera
2487:
2486:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:(Mecopterida)
2454:
2444:
2438:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2399:
2397:
2393:Strepsiptera
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2324:
2314:
2308:
2306:
2302:Thysanoptera
2300:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2247:
2233:
2227:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2149:
2147:
2145:(webspinners)
2141:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2083:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2015:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1952:
1947:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1853:
1848:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1754:
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1738:
1734:
1733:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1712:
1708:
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1698:
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1688:
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1620:
1616:
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1571:
1565:
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1554:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1501:
1497:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1474:Early Permian
1469:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1243:
1238:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1208:
1200:
1199:
1191:
1190:
1182:
1181:
1173:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1132:
1131:Fulgoromorpha
1126:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1101:
1100:Coleorrhyncha
1095:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1003:
1002:
996:
995:Condylognatha
993:
992:
989:
988:
980:
979:
971:
970:
962:
961:
953:
952:
944:
943:
940:
938:
933:
932:
925:
924:
921:
920:
917:
915:
910:
904:
903:
897:
896:
893:
892:
889:
888:
882:
881:
875:
874:
871:
870:
867:
866:
860:
859:
852:
849:
848:
845:
844:
841:
839:
834:
828:
827:
821:
820:
817:
816:
813:
811:
806:
800:
799:
793:
792:
788:
787:
781:
778:
777:
774:
773:
770:
768:
760:
759:
755:
753:
750:falls within
749:
745:
741:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
712:
711:
703:
702:
694:
693:
685:
684:
681:
679:
673:
672:
669:
668:
665:
663:
657:
656:
650:
649:Condylognatha
647:
646:
643:
642:
634:
633:
630:
629:
623:
622:
619:
618:
615:
614:
608:
607:
601:
600:
594:
591:
590:
587:
586:
583:
582:
576:
575:
569:
566:
565:
561:
559:
555:
551:
541:
540:
532:
531:
523:
522:
514:
513:
505:
504:
501:
499:
493:
492:
489:
488:
485:
483:
477:
476:
470:
469:Condylognatha
467:
466:
463:
462:
459:
458:
452:
451:
445:
442:
441:
438:
437:
434:
433:
427:
426:
420:
417:
416:
413:
412:
409:
408:
402:
401:
395:
392:
391:
387:
385:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
353:Condylognatha
350:
346:
336:
333:
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
315:Early Permian
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:Paraneoptera
265:
262:
261:
259:
256:
252:
247:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
222:
219:
218:
216:
213:
212:
210:
207:
206:
204:
199:
196:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
134:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
98:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
22:
19:
2962:Paraneoptera
2863:Paraneoptera
2833:Paraneoptera
2832:
2805:
2791:
2761:Syntonoptera
2643:Caloneurodea
2635:Blattoptera
2586:
2577:
2572:
2531:Lepidoptera
2529:
2522:Trichoptera
2498:
2480:
2432:Megaloptera
2426:(snakeflies)
2416:Neuropterida
2400:
2385:Coleopterida
2362:Hymenoptera
2360:
2282:Paraneoptera
2281:
2280:
2202:(gladiators)
2151:Phasmatodea
2129:(stoneflies)
2114:Polyneoptera
2057:Odonatoptera
1921:Monocondylia
1886:Pancrustacea
1884:(unranked):
1778:(1): 23004.
1775:
1771:
1761:
1736:
1730:
1682:
1676:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1581:
1516:
1510:
1500:
1471:
1468:Permopsocida
1460:
1457:Permopsocida
1448:Permopsocida
1418:Phthiraptera
1416:
1407:Phthiraptera
1401:Troctomorpha
1397:Phthiraptera
1393:paraphyletic
1385:Troctomorpha
1381:Trogiomorpha
1371:
1348:Thysanoptera
1345:
1314:planthoppers
1294:
1290:
1240:
1152:Cicadomorpha
1150:
1129:
1102:(moss bugs)
1098:
1070:
1042:
1027:
1009:Thysanoptera
1007:
1006:
931:Phthiraptera
929:
928:
907:
885:
863:
851:Troctomorpha
831:
805:Trogiomorpha
803:
789:
780:Paraneoptera
779:
763:
748:Phthiraptera
740:monophyletic
737:
733:paraphyletic
725:Phthiraptera
718:
680:(true bugs)
676:
662:Thysanoptera
660:
626:
613:Holometabola
611:
581:Polyneoptera
579:
558:Holometabola
554:sister taxon
547:
500:(true bugs)
496:
482:Thysanoptera
480:
455:
444:Paraneoptera
443:
432:Holometabola
430:
407:Polyneoptera
405:
381:
377:paraphyletic
373:Holometabola
369:sister taxon
361:Thysanoptera
349:sister clade
342:
334:
323:
311:Permopsocida
278:
274:
273:
266:Hemipterodea
246:Permopsocida
231:Thysanoptera
221:Phthiraptera
217:â bark lice
195:Paraneoptera
194:
191:(unranked):
181:(unranked):
109:
24:Paraneoptera
18:
2857:Wikispecies
2807:Wikispecies
2766:Titanoptera
2698:Lapeyriidae
2693:Hypoperlida
2668:Eoblattodea
2637:(roachoids)
2630:Archodonata
2472:Antliophora
2440:Neuroptera
2402:Coleoptera
2213:Dictyoptera
2183:(Xenonomia)
2159:Orthoptera
2143:Embioptera
2135:Dermaptera
2127:Plecoptera
2027:Palaeoptera
1890:Subphylum:
1389:Psocomorpha
1352:Terebrantia
1322:shield bugs
1318:leafhoppers
1072:Heteroptera
911:(booklice)
835:(barklice)
833:Psocomorpha
807:(barklice)
727:(lice) and
317:to the mid-
307:hemipterans
239:â true bugs
223:â true lice
2972:Eumetabola
2956:Categories
2716:Miomoptera
2482:Mecoptera
2310:Hemiptera
2231:(mantises)
2221:Blattodea
2167:Zoraptera
2046:(mayflies)
1985:Zygentoma
1880:Arthropoda
1492:References
1486:Cenomanian
1442:Psocoptera
1430:Ischnocera
1373:Psocoptera
1368:Psocoptera
1362:Psocoptera
1356:Tubulifera
1330:mouthparts
729:Psocoptera
593:Eumetabola
419:Eumetabola
319:Cretaceous
283:superorder
215:Psocoptera
185:Eumetabola
165:Arthropoda
2688:Heraridea
2678:Geroptera
2583:Based on
2457:Panorpida
2404:(beetles)
2294:Psocodea
2229:Mantodea
2180:Notoptera
2137:(earwigs)
1872:Kingdom:
1800:2045-2322
1426:Amblycera
1377:suborders
1291:true bugs
1242:Hemiptera
1237:Hemiptera
1231:Hemiptera
1046:(aphids)
1029:Hemiptera
1012:(thrips)
744:cladogram
678:Hemiptera
664:(thrips)
498:Hemiptera
484:(thrips)
384:cladogram
357:Hemiptera
339:Phylogeny
299:true lice
295:bark lice
279:Acercaria
263:Acercaria
237:Hemiptera
151:Kingdom:
145:Eukaryota
120:Hemiptera
2887:10459947
2871:BioLib:
2842:Wikidata
2726:Paoliida
2500:Diptera
2304:(thrips)
2065:Odonata
1892:Hexapoda
1878:Phylum:
1874:Animalia
1818:26961785
1753:86331606
1711:30478043
1645:22628473
1576:(2005).
1553:25704094
1478:Asselian
1438:Anoplura
1326:bed bugs
1226:Taxonomy
791:Psocodea
752:Psocodea
721:Psocodea
628:Psocodea
568:Neoptera
550:Psocodea
457:Psocodea
394:Neoptera
365:Psocodea
345:Psocodea
255:Synonyms
233:â thrips
209:Psocodea
161:Phylum:
155:Animalia
141:Domain:
2848:Q641145
2611:Extinct
2585:Sasaki
2492:(fleas)
2286: *
1809:4785345
1780:Bibcode
1702:6294958
1636:3385742
1544:4336943
1521:Bibcode
1459:fossil
1395:, with
1306:cicadas
1302:species
1287:insects
934:(lice)
287:insects
211:- lice
201:Orders
175:Insecta
171:Class:
2939:235307
2926:815352
2900:914214
2589:(2013)
2587:et al.
2578:Italic
1906:Extant
1862:orders
1859:Insect
1816:
1806:
1798:
1751:
1709:
1699:
1643:
1633:
1592:
1572:&
1551:
1541:
1420:, the
1387:, and
1346:Order
1342:thrips
1336:Thrips
1310:aphids
1281:is an
305:, and
303:thrips
116:cicada
2913:33342
2874:16812
1749:S2CID
1413:louse
1283:order
326:Cerci
281:is a
2908:NCBI
2895:ITIS
2573:bold
1814:PMID
1796:ISSN
1707:PMID
1641:PMID
1590:ISBN
1549:PMID
1422:lice
297:and
291:lice
114:, a
35:Preę
2882:EoL
1804:PMC
1788:doi
1741:doi
1697:PMC
1687:doi
1683:115
1631:PMC
1623:doi
1619:279
1539:PMC
1529:doi
1304:of
1298:bug
1295:cf.
1285:of
556:to
552:as
371:to
321:.
301:),
285:of
277:or
2958::
2936::
2923::
2910::
2897::
2884::
2859::
2844::
2488:+
1812:.
1802:.
1794:.
1786:.
1774:.
1770:.
1747:.
1737:10
1735:.
1719:^
1705:.
1695:.
1681:.
1675:.
1653:^
1639:.
1629:.
1617:.
1613:.
1580:.
1561:^
1547:.
1537:.
1527:.
1515:.
1509:.
1444:.
1383:,
1379:,
1332:.
1324:,
1320:,
1316:,
1312:,
1308:,
1271:Ér
754::
560::
379:.
122:)
85:Pg
2349:a
2347:l
2345:o
2343:b
2341:a
2339:t
2337:e
2335:m
2333:o
2331:l
2329:o
2327:H
2268:a
2266:l
2264:o
2262:b
2260:a
2258:t
2256:e
2254:m
2252:u
2250:E
2100:a
2098:r
2096:e
2094:t
2092:p
2090:o
2088:e
2086:N
2014:a
2012:t
2010:o
2008:g
2006:y
2004:r
2002:e
2000:t
1998:P
1973:a
1971:i
1969:l
1967:y
1965:d
1963:n
1961:o
1959:c
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