149:
111:
3315:
2466:
128:
433:, are common pests of stored products. Psocids, among other arthropods, have been studied to develop new pest control techniques in food manufacturing. One study found that modified atmospheres during packing (MAP) helped to control the reoccurrence of pests during the manufacturing process and prevented further infestation in the final products that go to consumers.
410:
nymphs and vice versa. Booklouse eggs take two to four weeks to hatch and can reach adulthood approximately two months later. Adult booklice can live for six months. Besides damaging books, they also sometimes infest food storage areas, where they feed on dry, starchy materials. Although some psocids
1902:
Kevin P. Johnson; Christopher H. Dietrich; Frank
Friedrich; Rolf G. Beutel; Benjamin Wipfler; Ralph S. Peters; Julie M. Allen; Malte Petersen; Alexander Donath; Kimberly K. O. Walden; Alexey M. Kozlov; Lars Podsiadlowski; Christoph Mayer; Karen Meusemann; Alexandros Vasilikopoulos; Robert M.
312:
Psocids are small, scavenging insects with a relatively generalized body plan. They feed primarily on fungi, algae, lichen, and organic detritus in nature but are also known to feed on starch-based household items like grains, wallpaper glue and book bindings. They have chewing
1562:
are notable for having antennae with 13 segments. They have two- or three-segmented tarsi, this condition being constant (e.g., Psocidae) or variable (e.g., Pseudocaeciliidae) within families. Their wing venation is variable, the most common type being that found in the genus
347:
There is often considerable variation in the appearance of individuals within the same species. Many have no wings or ovipositors, and may have a different shape to the thorax. Other, more subtle, variations are also known, such as changes to the development of the
414:
Psocids can affect the ecosystems in which they reside. Many psocids can affect decomposition by feeding on detritus, especially in environments with lower densities of predacious micro arthropods that may eat psocids. The nymph of a psocid species,
2259:
Riudavets, Jordi; Castañé, Cristina; Alomar, Oscar; Pons, María José; Gabarra, Rosa (April 2009). "Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) as an alternative measure for controlling ten pests that attack processed food products".
419:, is the first known wood-boring psocopteran. These nymphs make their own burrows in woody material, rather than inhabiting vacated, existing burrows. This boring activity can create habitats that other organisms may use.
411:
feed on starchy household products, the majority of psocids are woodland insects with little to no contact with humans, therefore they are of little economic importance. They are scavengers and do not bite humans.
1903:
Waterhouse; Stephen L. Cameron; Christiane
Weirauch; Daniel R. Swanson; Diana M. Percy; Nate B. Hardy; Irene Terry; Shanlin Liu; Xin Zhou; Bernhard Misof; Hugh M. Robertson; Kazunori Yoshizawa (Dec 2018).
1551:(which are similar to lice in morphology), are often found in birds' nests, and it is possible that a similar behavior in the ancestors of lice is at the origin of the parasitism seen today.
329:. Their bodies are soft with a segmented abdomen. Some species can spin silk from glands in their mouth. They may festoon large sections of trunk and branches in dense swathes of silk.
2232:
Stejskal, V.; Hubert, J.; Aulicky, R.; Kucerova, Z. (October 2015). "Overview of present and past and pest-associated risks in stored food and feed products: European perspective".
2294:
1586:), with about 3,600 species in 24 families, ranging from the species-poor Bryopsocidae (2 spp.) to the speciose Psocidae (about 900 spp). Psocomorpha comprises Infraorder
336:
pattern, with few cross-veins. The wings, if present, are held tent-like over the body. The legs are slender and adapted for jumping, rather than gripping, as in the true
289:. Psocodea contains around 11,000 species, divided among four suborders and more than 70 families. They range in size from 1–10 millimetres (0.04–0.4 in) in length.
1787:"Phylogenomics of Parasitic and Nonparasitic Lice (Insecta: Psocodea): Combining Sequence Data and Exploring Compositional Bias Solutions in Next Generation Data Sets"
321:
is modified into a slender rod. This rod is used to brace the insect while it scrapes up detritus with its mandibles. They also have a swollen forehead, large
3873:
3850:
3676:
1567:(rounded, free areola postica, thickened, free pterostigma, r+s two-branched, m three-branched). Additional veins are found in some families and genera (
3772:
3767:
3250:
1603:
3741:
3648:
3192:
3172:
2033:
Green, P.W.C.; Turner, B.D. (January 15, 2004). "Food-selection by the booklouse, Liposcelis bostrychophila
Badonnel (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae)".
3265:
2130:
3686:
3638:
1909:
3840:
3777:
3754:
3696:
3653:
3280:
3835:
3212:
3187:
275:. Despite the greatly differing appearance of parasitic lice (Phthiraptera), they are believed to have evolved from within the former order
4083:
3855:
3845:
3811:
3207:
2369:
2341:
3643:
1850:
C. H. C. Lyal (1985). "Phylogeny and classification of the
Psocodea, with particular reference to the lice (Psocodea: Phthiraptera)".
352:. The significance of such changes is uncertain, but their function appears to be different from similar variations in, for example,
2161:
4298:
332:
Some psocids have small ovipositors that are up to 1.5 times as long as the hindwings, and all four wings have a relatively simple
4324:
2114:
1977:
4329:
371:
typically molt six times before reaching full adulthood. The total lifespan of a psocid is rarely more than a few months.
3360:
2183:
2017:
1766:
2362:
445:
group in recent studies. Their next closest relatives are traditionally recognized as the monophyletic grouping
4365:
1993:
2999:
4264:
4259:
4246:
2355:
2009:
1785:
De Moya, Robert S.; Yoshizawa, Kazunori; Walden, Kimberly K. O.; Sweet, Andrew D.; et al. (2021).
429:
292:
The species known as booklice received their common name because they are commonly found amongst old
148:
1901:
2292:
C. Lienhard & C. N. Smithers (2002). "Psocoptera (Insecta): World
Catalogue and Bibliography".
2201:"Psilopsocus mimulus Smithers (Psocoptera: Psilopsocidae), The first known wood boring psocopteran"
271:. It was formerly considered a superorder, but is now generally considered by entomologists as an
2176:
Invertebrates as webmasters in ecosystems: Keystone arthropods as webmasters in desert ecosystems
4355:
363:
Psocids lay their eggs in minute crevices or on foliage, although a few species are known to be
4403:
4199:
3353:
2381:
2330:
461:. However, this is somewhat unclear, as analysis has shown that Psocodea could instead be the
2001:
1750:
4413:
4350:
4342:
2337:
1852:
1966:
2072:
1918:
1861:
1786:
1758:
314:
8:
4408:
4375:
2076:
1922:
1865:
642:
Here is an alternative cladogram showing
Paraneoptera as paraphyletic, with Psocodea as
4237:
3290:
2805:
2217:
2200:
2144:
2124:
1941:
1904:
1877:
1873:
360:, and the presence of males may even vary between different races of the same species.
143:
4398:
4337:
4285:
4121:
4035:
3720:
3564:
3346:
3240:
2179:
2110:
2084:
2013:
1973:
1946:
1808:
1762:
1675:
1595:
1517:
1428:
318:
2315:
1881:
4290:
4050:
3728:
3477:
3469:
3182:
3033:
2719:
2269:
2241:
2212:
2080:
2063:
Gullan & Granston (2005). "The
Insects: An Outline of Entomology 3rd Edition".
2042:
1997:
1936:
1926:
1869:
1798:
1479:
1367:
941:
333:
4007:
3663:
3601:
3326:
3260:
3177:
3167:
3144:
2711:
1537:
1509:
1443:
1068:
368:
272:
260:
4251:
3104:
4222:
4126:
4098:
4060:
4030:
4002:
3868:
3746:
3691:
3596:
3591:
3569:
3554:
3544:
3536:
3500:
3492:
3449:
3319:
3275:
3270:
3255:
3202:
2273:
2245:
2046:
1679:
1627:
1591:
1533:
1529:
1521:
1501:
1475:
1455:
1447:
1343:
1151:
1101:
1053:
1022:
965:
4392:
4154:
4116:
4108:
4078:
4045:
4012:
3997:
3987:
3979:
3969:
3961:
3860:
3759:
3706:
3230:
3222:
2448:
2440:
1803:
1697:
1671:
1659:
1639:
1631:
1623:
1615:
1607:
1276:
1243:
1166:
897:
738:
562:
446:
357:
322:
119:
99:
62:
2104:
1931:
4144:
4093:
4088:
4068:
3992:
3918:
3891:
3883:
3795:
3733:
3579:
3559:
3524:
3454:
3429:
3413:
3338:
3162:
2935:
2912:
2904:
2846:
2801:
2633:
2576:
2405:
1950:
1812:
1689:
1667:
1663:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1619:
1583:
1541:
1513:
1490:
1459:
1439:
1424:
1410:
1371:
1307:
877:
852:
751:
702:
670:
647:
643:
575:
537:
525:
500:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
442:
286:
282:
246:
238:
233:
200:
1431:
with many segments (22–50 antennomeres) and always three-segmented tarsi.
4311:
4231:
4149:
4073:
4040:
4022:
3949:
3668:
3549:
3285:
3217:
3149:
3050:
2951:
2881:
2732:
2670:
2546:
1693:
1655:
1599:
1559:
1505:
1467:
1219:
1123:
367:. The young are born as miniature, wingless versions of the adult. These
297:
228:
37:
1442:), with about 340 species in 7 families, ranging from the fossil family
480:
showing the traditional relationships with a monophyletic
Paraneoptera:
4303:
4179:
3926:
3914:
3821:
3235:
2959:
2769:
2678:
2662:
2646:
2474:
1826:
682:
512:
364:
277:
136:
82:
47:
1544:(lice), and are therefore paraphyletic, as are Psocoptera as a whole.
4316:
3922:
3787:
3782:
3681:
3658:
3630:
3459:
3441:
3401:
3389:
3197:
3041:
3001:
2976:
2829:
2740:
2699:
2686:
2517:
2504:
2399:
1992:
1463:
1328:
998:
824:
767:
591:
477:
450:
180:
160:
87:
31:
4277:
4193:
4272:
4216:
4159:
4136:
3407:
3245:
3154:
2943:
2605:
2411:
1726:
1701:
1684:
1413:
1204:
926:
657:
487:
110:
77:
72:
57:
52:
42:
2325:
3803:
2584:
2465:
1409:
The order
Psocodea (formerly 'Psocoptera') is divided into three
92:
67:
2347:
3395:
3383:
2921:
2821:
2748:
2654:
2563:
2555:
2393:
2378:
1751:"Taxobox 17 – Psocodea: "Psocoptera" (bark lice and book lice)"
406:″). Some species are wingless and they are easily mistaken for
341:
326:
301:
281:, which contained the bark lice and book lice, now found to be
264:
190:
170:
3314:
4183:
3615:
2231:
407:
353:
268:
127:
3009:
2320:
2145:"Psocoptera - Barklice, Booklice, Psocids -- Discover Life"
1784:
1493:
have antennae with 15–17 segments and two-segmented tarsi.
349:
337:
293:
2258:
1748:
374:
Booklice range from approximately 1 mm to 2 mm in length (
3019:
2291:
1905:"Phylogenomics and the evolution of hemipteroid insects"
1540:). Troctomorpha are now known to also contain the order
1434:
Trogiomorpha is the smallest suborder of the
Psocoptera
300:. The barklice are found on trees, feeding on algae and
1963:
285:. They are often regarded as the most primitive of the
2962:(net-winged insects: lacewings, mantidflies, antlions)
1578:
Psocomorpha is the largest suborder of the Psocoptera
1450:(over 200 species). Trogiomorpha comprises infraorder
2105:
Hoell, H.V., Doyen, J.T. & Purcell, A.H. (1998).
2062:
2107:
Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 2nd ed
1965:
3614:
4390:
1910:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1446:with only a handful of species to the speciose
2162:"Stored Product Pests: Booklice (Psocids) FAC"
3354:
2799:
2363:
2109:. Oxford University Press. pp. 404–406.
1849:
1725:Johnson, Kevin P.; Smith, Vincent S. (2021).
1720:
1718:
1716:
4178:Order Psocodea is comprised of paraphyletic
3368:
2129:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1780:
1778:
1724:
457:(thrips), which all combined form the group
2631:
2439:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2164:. US Army Public Health Command fact sheet.
2032:
1968:Firefly Encyclopedia of Insects and Spiders
1727:"Psocodea species file online, Version 5.0"
827:showing the relationships within Psocodea:
3361:
3347:
2545:
2370:
2356:
1749:P. J. Gullan & P. S. Cranston (2010).
1713:
1466:, and fossil families Archaeatropidae and
422:
126:
109:
3522:
3427:
2216:
2178:. UK: CAB International. pp. 25–43.
1940:
1930:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1802:
1775:
1575:in Epipsocidae, many Calopsocidae, etc.)
356:. Like aphids, however, many psocids are
118:An unidentified bark louse in the family
3947:
3091:Four most speciose orders are marked in
2681:(crickets, wetas, grasshoppers, locusts)
2280:
2198:
2173:
1744:
1742:
1485:
1419:
340:. The abdomen has nine segments, and no
267:comprising the bark lice, book lice and
4186:, both previously classified as orders.
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
1554:
4391:
1888:
1496:Troctomorpha comprises the Infraorder
307:
4198:
4197:
3946:
3521:
3426:
3342:
3129:
2424:
2351:
2058:
2056:
1755:The Insects: an Outline of Entomology
1739:
818:
469:, which would render Paraneoptera as
436:
2954:(alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies)
2091:
4180:Psocoptera (book lice or bark lice)
2262:Journal of Stored Products Research
2234:Journal of Stored Products Research
2035:Journal of Stored Products Research
1843:
1819:
13:
2218:10.1111/j.1440-6055.1995.tb01299.x
2053:
1874:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1985.tb00525.x
296:—they feed upon the paste used in
14:
4425:
2377:
2316:National Barkfly Recording Scheme
2309:
1404:
441:Psocodea has been recovered as a
427:Some species of psocids, such as
3313:
2464:
2205:Australian Journal of Entomology
2085:10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01454.x
147:
35:
3925:comprise paraphyletic suborder
2252:
2225:
2192:
2167:
2155:
2137:
2026:
2008:. Cambridge Evolution Series.
1986:
1957:
317:, and the central lobe of the
1:
4373:Psocodea Species File (new):
4363:Psocodea Species File (old):
2884:(sawflies, wasps, ants, bees)
1707:
2832:(cicadas, aphids, true bugs)
1964:Christopher O'Toole (2002).
7:
3130:
2344:Featured Creatures Web site
2295:Instrumenta Biodiversitatis
1547:Some Troctomorpha, such as
10:
4430:
3022:(gnats, mosquitoes, flies)
2915:(twisted-winged parasites)
2587:(dragonflies, damselflies)
2425:
2274:10.1016/j.jspr.2008.10.001
2246:10.1016/j.jspr.2014.12.006
2047:10.1016/j.jspr.2004.01.002
2010:Cambridge University Press
2002:"The paraneopteran orders"
1972:. Toronto: Firefly Books.
4206:
4176:
4135:
4107:
4059:
4021:
3978:
3960:
3956:
3942:
3927:Mallophaga (chewing lice)
3912:
3882:
3820:
3807:(crab lice or pubic lice)
3705:
3629:
3610:
3587:
3578:
3535:
3531:
3517:
3491:
3468:
3440:
3436:
3422:
3378:
3307:
3140:
3136:
3125:
3087:
3032:
2990:
2975:
2934:
2903:
2894:
2876:
2845:
2795:
2768:
2731:
2698:
2642:
2627:
2604:
2575:
2554:
2541:
2516:
2500:
2473:
2462:
2435:
2431:
2420:
2388:
1365:
1341:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1274:
1241:
1217:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1164:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1099:
1066:
1051:
1044:
1020:
996:
963:
939:
924:
917:
910:
895:
888:
881:
871:
864:
857:
845:
838:
800:
765:
749:
742:
715:
700:
693:
686:
668:
661:
589:
573:
566:
548:
541:
523:
516:
498:
491:
430:Liposcelis bostrychophila
225:
220:
144:Scientific classification
142:
134:
125:
117:
108:
23:
2673:(stick and leaf insects)
2006:Evolution of the Insects
3100:are paraphyletic groups
2743:(cockroaches, termites)
2507:(silverfish, firebrats)
2199:Smithers, C.N. (1995).
2174:Whitford, W.G. (2000).
1932:10.1073/pnas.1815820115
423:Interaction with humans
3791:(body lice, head lice)
2451:(jumping bristletails)
2326:Tree of Life: Psocodea
1804:10.1093/sysbio/syaa075
4351:Paleobiology Database
2334:, a webbing barklouse
1853:Systematic Entomology
1759:John Wiley & Sons
1486:Suborder Troctomorpha
1420:Suborder Trogiomorpha
3053:(moths, butterflies)
2149:www.discoverlife.org
2012:. pp. 216–330.
1555:Suborder Psocomorpha
4184:Phthiraptera (lice)
3874:Trichophilopteridae
3672:(chicken body lice)
2077:2005AusEc..30..612A
1923:2018PNAS..11512775J
1917:(50): 12775–12780.
1866:1985SysEn..10..145L
770:(true bugs)
417:Psilopsocus mimulus
308:Anatomy and biology
3851:Heptapsogasteridae
3320:Insects portal
3291:Triadophlebioptera
1791:Systematic Biology
819:Internal phylogeny
437:External phylogeny
4386:
4385:
4338:Open Tree of Life
4200:Taxon identifiers
4191:
4190:
4182:and monophyletic
4172:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4122:Pseudocaeciliidae
4036:Dolabellopsocidae
3938:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3721:Echinophthiriidae
3677:Pseudomenoponidae
3565:Protroctopsocidae
3513:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3336:
3335:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3241:Palaeodictyoptera
3226:
3158:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3054:
3045:
3023:
3013:
3005:
2983:
2971:
2970:
2963:
2955:
2947:
2925:
2916:
2885:
2841:
2840:
2833:
2825:
2817:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2752:
2744:
2723:
2720:Mantophasmatodea
2715:
2704:
2690:
2682:
2674:
2666:
2658:
2650:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2588:
2567:
2556:Ephemeropteroidea
2508:
2460:
2459:
2452:
2332:Archipsocus nomas
2116:978-0-19-510033-4
1979:978-1-55297-612-8
1682:) and Infraorder
1676:Pseudocaeciliidae
1596:Dolabellopsocidae
1582:(i.e., excluding
1524:) and Infraorder
1518:Protroctopsocidae
1470:) and infraorder
1454:(extant families
1438:(i.e., excluding
1401:
1400:
1392:
1391:
1383:
1382:
1354:
1353:
1296:
1295:
1287:
1286:
1263:
1262:
1254:
1253:
1230:
1229:
1177:
1176:
1112:
1111:
1088:
1087:
1079:
1078:
1033:
1032:
1009:
1008:
985:
984:
976:
975:
952:
951:
815:
814:
797:
796:
788:
787:
779:
778:
728:
727:
639:
638:
630:
629:
621:
620:
612:
611:
603:
602:
476:Here is a simple
254:
253:
216:
103:
4421:
4379:
4378:
4369:
4368:
4359:
4358:
4346:
4345:
4333:
4332:
4320:
4319:
4307:
4306:
4294:
4293:
4281:
4280:
4268:
4267:
4255:
4254:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4195:
4194:
4051:Spurostigmatidae
3958:
3957:
3944:
3943:
3865:
3829:
3828:
3808:
3800:
3799:(spiny rat lice)
3792:
3773:Neolinognathidae
3768:Microthoraciidae
3764:
3751:
3738:
3729:Enderleinellidae
3725:
3714:
3713:
3673:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3612:
3611:
3585:
3584:
3533:
3532:
3519:
3518:
3484:
3483:
3478:Prionoglarididae
3470:Prionoglaridetae
3438:
3437:
3424:
3423:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3340:
3339:
3318:
3317:
3251:Permoplectoptera
3224:
3183:Diaphanopterodea
3156:
3138:
3137:
3127:
3126:
3052:
3043:
3034:Amphiesmenoptera
3021:
3015:
3011:
3003:
2993:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2979:
2961:
2953:
2945:
2923:
2914:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2883:
2874:
2873:
2831:
2823:
2816:(barklice, lice)
2815:
2807:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2750:
2742:
2721:
2713:
2712:Grylloblattodea
2702:
2688:
2680:
2672:
2664:
2656:
2648:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2586:
2565:
2552:
2551:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2506:
2498:
2497:
2468:
2450:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2422:
2421:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2349:
2348:
2304:
2303:
2289:
2278:
2277:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2128:
2120:
2102:
2089:
2088:
2060:
2051:
2050:
2030:
2024:
2023:
1998:Michael S. Engel
1990:
1984:
1983:
1971:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1944:
1934:
1899:
1886:
1885:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1806:
1782:
1773:
1772:
1757:(4th ed.).
1746:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1722:
1604:Neurostigmatidae
1480:Prionoglarididae
1368:Prionoglaridetae
1322:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1145:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1047:
1046:
942:Rhynchophthirina
920:
919:
913:
912:
891:
890:
884:
883:
874:
873:
867:
866:
860:
859:
848:
847:
841:
840:
831:
830:
754:(thrips)
745:
744:
696:
695:
689:
688:
664:
663:
654:
653:
569:
568:
544:
543:
519:
518:
494:
493:
484:
483:
453:(true bugs) and
405:
403:
402:
399:
396:
389:
387:
386:
383:
380:
214:
152:
151:
130:
113:
98:
97:
34:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
16:Order of insects
4429:
4428:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4374:
4372:
4364:
4362:
4354:
4349:
4341:
4336:
4328:
4323:
4315:
4310:
4302:
4297:
4289:
4284:
4276:
4271:
4263:
4258:
4250:
4245:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4202:
4192:
4187:
4164:
4131:
4103:
4055:
4017:
4008:Paracaeciliidae
3974:
3952:
3930:
3919:Rhyncophthirina
3896:
3884:Rhyncophthirina
3878:
3863:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3816:
3806:
3798:
3790:
3762:
3750:(armoured lice)
3749:
3742:Hamophthiriidae
3737:(ungulate lice)
3736:
3723:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3701:
3671:
3664:Laemobothriidae
3649:Colpocephalidae
3620:
3619:
3618:
3606:
3602:Sphaeropsocidae
3574:
3527:
3505:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3464:
3432:
3418:
3374:
3367:
3337:
3332:
3312:
3295:
3261:Protelytroptera
3193:Eudiaphanoptera
3178:Coxoplectoptera
3173:Carbotriplurida
3168:Campylopteridae
3145:Aethiocarenodea
3132:
3113:
3059:
3028:
3004:(scorpionflies)
2991:
2980:
2978:
2967:
2930:
2895:
2890:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2837:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2756:
2727:
2701:
2694:
2689:(angel insects)
2632:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2592:
2571:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2512:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2469:
2456:
2427:
2416:
2384:
2376:
2312:
2307:
2290:
2281:
2257:
2253:
2230:
2226:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2172:
2168:
2160:
2156:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2103:
2092:
2065:Austral Ecology
2061:
2054:
2031:
2027:
2020:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1962:
1958:
1900:
1889:
1848:
1844:
1835:
1833:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1761:. p. 479.
1747:
1740:
1731:
1729:
1723:
1714:
1710:
1557:
1538:Sphaeropsocidae
1510:Electrentomidae
1488:
1444:Archaeatropidae
1422:
1407:
1402:
1393:
1384:
1355:
1297:
1288:
1264:
1255:
1231:
1178:
1113:
1089:
1080:
1069:Sphaeropsocidae
1034:
1010:
986:
977:
953:
821:
816:
807:
806:
798:
789:
780:
729:
640:
631:
622:
613:
604:
439:
425:
400:
397:
394:
393:
391:
384:
381:
378:
377:
375:
310:
261:taxonomic group
213:
146:
104:
96:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4427:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4370:
4360:
4347:
4334:
4321:
4308:
4295:
4282:
4269:
4256:
4243:
4228:
4212:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4189:
4188:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4141:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4127:Trichopsocidae
4124:
4119:
4113:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4099:Sabulopsocidae
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4065:
4063:
4061:Homilopsocidea
4057:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4031:Cladiopsocidae
4027:
4025:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4003:Dasydemellidae
4000:
3995:
3990:
3984:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3966:
3964:
3954:
3953:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3892:Haematomyzidae
3888:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3869:Trichodectidae
3866:
3864:(paraphyletic)
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3832:
3830:
3827:(paraphyletic)
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3801:
3793:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3757:
3752:
3747:Hoplopleuridae
3744:
3739:
3734:Haematopinidae
3731:
3726:
3717:
3715:
3712:(sucking lice)
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3692:Trimenoponidae
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3635:
3633:
3624:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3597:Pachytroctidae
3594:
3592:Liposcelididae
3588:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3570:Troctopsocidae
3567:
3562:
3557:
3555:Manicapsocidae
3552:
3547:
3545:Amphientomidae
3541:
3539:
3537:Amphientometae
3529:
3528:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3501:Psyllipsocidae
3497:
3495:
3493:Psyllipsocetae
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3482:(paraphyletic)
3474:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3450:Lepidopsocidae
3446:
3444:
3434:
3433:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3386:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3366:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3343:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3323:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3276:Protozygoptera
3273:
3271:Protorthoptera
3268:
3266:Protephemerida
3263:
3258:
3256:Protanisoptera
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3225:(griffinflies)
3223:Meganisoptera
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3203:Glosselytrodea
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3152:
3147:
3141:
3134:
3133:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3101:
3095:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3047:
3038:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3016:
2996:
2994:
2985:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2957:
2949:
2944:Raphidioptera
2940:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2918:
2909:
2907:
2898:
2896:Neuropteroidea
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2877:
2871:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2827:
2819:
2810:
2808:
2790:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2746:
2737:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2717:
2714:(ice-crawlers)
2708:
2706:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2684:
2676:
2668:
2660:
2652:
2643:
2637:
2622:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2581:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2564:Ephemeroptera
2560:
2558:
2549:
2536:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2501:
2495:
2471:
2470:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:Archaeognatha
2445:
2443:
2429:
2428:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2396:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2375:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2311:
2310:External links
2308:
2306:
2305:
2279:
2251:
2224:
2211:(2): 117–120.
2191:
2184:
2166:
2154:
2136:
2115:
2090:
2071:(5): 499–505.
2052:
2041:(1): 103–113.
2025:
2018:
1994:David Grimaldi
1985:
1978:
1956:
1887:
1860:(2): 145–165.
1842:
1818:
1797:(4): 719–738.
1774:
1767:
1738:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1680:Trichopsocidae
1636:Homilopsocidea
1634:), Infraorder
1628:Dasydemellidae
1610:), Infraorder
1592:Cladiopsocidae
1556:
1553:
1534:Pachytroctidae
1530:Liposcelididae
1522:Troctopsocidae
1502:Amphientomidae
1498:Amphientometae
1487:
1484:
1476:Psyllipsocidae
1472:Psocathropetae
1456:Lepidopsocidae
1448:Lepidopsocidae
1421:
1418:
1406:
1405:Classification
1403:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1344:Psyllipsocetae
1340:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1152:Homilopsocidea
1148:
1143:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1102:Amphientometae
1098:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1054:Pachytroctidae
1050:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:Liposcelididae
1019:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
995:
992:
991:
988:
987:
983:
982:
979:
978:
974:
973:
970:
969:
966:Trichodectidae
962:
959:
958:
955:
954:
950:
949:
946:
945:
938:
935:
934:
931:
930:
923:
918:
916:
911:
909:
906:
905:
902:
901:
894:
889:
887:
882:
880:
872:
870:
865:
863:
858:
856:
846:
844:
839:
837:
829:
820:
817:
813:
812:
809:
808:
802:
801:
799:
795:
794:
791:
790:
786:
785:
782:
781:
777:
776:
773:
772:
764:
761:
760:
757:
756:
748:
743:
741:
735:
734:
731:
730:
726:
725:
722:
721:
714:
711:
710:
707:
706:
699:
694:
692:
687:
685:
679:
678:
675:
674:
667:
662:
660:
652:
637:
636:
633:
632:
628:
627:
624:
623:
619:
618:
615:
614:
610:
609:
606:
605:
601:
600:
597:
596:
588:
585:
584:
581:
580:
572:
567:
565:
559:
558:
555:
554:
547:
542:
540:
534:
533:
530:
529:
522:
517:
515:
509:
508:
505:
504:
497:
492:
490:
482:
449:that contains
438:
435:
424:
421:
309:
306:
269:parasitic lice
252:
251:
250:
249:
244:
243:
242:
231:
223:
222:
218:
217:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
140:
139:
132:
131:
123:
122:
115:
114:
106:
105:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4426:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4404:Insect orders
4402:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4377:
4371:
4367:
4361:
4357:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4248:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4229:
4224:
4218:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4196:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4155:Psilopsocidae
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4117:Philotarsidae
4115:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4109:Philotarsetae
4106:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4079:Lachesillidae
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4046:Ptiloneuridae
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4014:
4013:Stenopsocidae
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3998:Caeciliusidae
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3988:Amphipsocidae
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3980:Caeciliusetae
3977:
3971:
3970:Archipsocidae
3968:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3962:Archipsocetae
3959:
3955:
3951:
3945:
3941:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3911:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3862:
3861:Philopteridae
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3805:
3802:
3797:
3794:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3761:
3760:Linognathidae
3758:
3756:
3753:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3687:Somaphantidae
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3639:Ancistronidae
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3520:
3516:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3421:
3415:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3372:
3364:
3359:
3357:
3352:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3231:Megasecoptera
3229:
3227:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3128:
3124:
3110:
3108:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3056:
3055:
3048:
3046:
3044:(caddisflies)
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3017:
3014:
3010:Siphonaptera
3007:
3006:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:(Mecopterida)
2974:
2964:
2958:
2956:
2950:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2919:
2917:
2913:Strepsiptera
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2844:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2822:Thysanoptera
2820:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2767:
2753:
2747:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2683:
2677:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2665:(webspinners)
2661:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2603:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2472:
2467:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2373:
2368:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2255:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2187:
2185:0-85199-394-X
2181:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2132:
2126:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2057:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2021:
2019:9780521821490
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1981:
1975:
1970:
1969:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1846:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1781:
1779:
1770:
1768:9781444317671
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1743:
1728:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1712:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1698:Psilopsocidae
1695:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1672:Philotarsidae
1669:
1665:
1661:
1660:Lachesillidae
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1640:Archipsocidae
1637:
1633:
1632:Stenopsocidae
1629:
1625:
1624:Caeciliusidae
1621:
1617:
1616:Amphipsocidae
1613:
1612:Caeciliusetae
1609:
1608:Ptiloneuridae
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1580:sensu stricto
1576:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1552:
1550:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1436:sensu stricto
1432:
1430:
1426:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1397:
1396:
1388:
1387:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1292:
1291:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:Archipsocetae
1272:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1259:
1258:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1244:Philotarsetae
1239:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1167:Caeciliusetae
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
994:
993:
990:
989:
981:
980:
972:
971:
968:
967:
961:
960:
957:
956:
948:
947:
944:
943:
937:
936:
933:
932:
929:
928:
922:
921:
915:
914:
908:
907:
904:
903:
900:
899:
898:Philopteridae
893:
892:
886:
885:
879:
876:
875:
869:
868:
862:
861:
855:
854:
850:
849:
843:
842:
836:
833:
832:
828:
826:
811:
810:
805:
793:
792:
784:
783:
775:
774:
771:
769:
763:
762:
759:
758:
755:
753:
747:
746:
740:
739:Condylognatha
737:
736:
733:
732:
724:
723:
720:
719:
713:
712:
709:
708:
705:
704:
698:
697:
691:
690:
684:
681:
680:
677:
676:
673:
672:
666:
665:
659:
656:
655:
651:
649:
645:
635:
634:
626:
625:
617:
616:
608:
607:
599:
598:
595:
593:
587:
586:
583:
582:
579:
577:
571:
570:
564:
563:Condylognatha
561:
560:
557:
556:
553:
552:
546:
545:
539:
536:
535:
532:
531:
528:
527:
521:
520:
514:
511:
510:
507:
506:
503:
502:
496:
495:
489:
486:
485:
481:
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:Condylognatha
444:
434:
432:
431:
420:
418:
412:
409:
372:
370:
366:
361:
359:
358:parthenogenic
355:
351:
345:
343:
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
323:compound eyes
320:
316:
305:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
284:
280:
279:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
248:
245:
240:
237:
236:
235:
232:
230:
227:
226:
224:
219:
212:
209:
206:
205:
202:
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
150:
145:
141:
138:
133:
129:
124:
121:
120:Stenopsocidae
116:
112:
107:
101:
100:Late Jurassic
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
33:
22:
19:
4414:Paraneoptera
4207:
4145:Hemipsocidae
4094:Peripsocidae
4089:Mesopsocidae
4069:Ectopsocidae
3993:Asiopsocidae
3841:Dasyonygidae
3796:Polyplacidae
3778:Pecaroecidae
3755:Hybothiridae
3697:Trinotonidae
3654:Gliricolidae
3616:Phthiraptera
3580:Nanopsocetae
3560:Musapsocidae
3525:Troctomorpha
3455:Psoquillidae
3430:Trogiomorpha
3414:Paraneoptera
3412:Superorder:
3406:Infraclass:
3370:
3325:
3311:
3281:Syntonoptera
3163:Caloneurodea
3155:Blattoptera
3106:
3097:
3092:
3051:Lepidoptera
3049:
3042:Trichoptera
3018:
3000:
2952:Megaloptera
2946:(snakeflies)
2936:Neuropterida
2920:
2905:Coleopterida
2882:Hymenoptera
2880:
2813:
2802:Paraneoptera
2800:
2722:(gladiators)
2671:Phasmatodea
2649:(stoneflies)
2634:Polyneoptera
2577:Odonatoptera
2441:Monocondylia
2406:Pancrustacea
2404:(unranked):
2331:
2299:
2293:
2268:(2): 91–96.
2265:
2261:
2254:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2208:
2204:
2194:
2175:
2169:
2157:
2148:
2139:
2106:
2068:
2064:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2005:
1988:
1967:
1959:
1914:
1908:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1834:. Retrieved
1830:
1821:
1794:
1790:
1754:
1730:. Retrieved
1690:Hemipsocidae
1683:
1668:Peripsocidae
1664:Mesopsocidae
1652:Ectopsocidae
1648:Calopsocidae
1644:Bryopsocidae
1635:
1620:Asiopsocidae
1611:
1587:
1584:Phthiraptera
1579:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1548:
1546:
1542:Phthiraptera
1526:Nanopsocetae
1525:
1514:Musapsocidae
1497:
1495:
1491:Troctomorpha
1489:
1471:
1460:Psoquillidae
1451:
1440:Phthiraptera
1435:
1433:
1425:Trogiomorpha
1423:
1408:
1372:paraphyletic
1366:
1342:
1327:
1308:Trogiomorpha
1306:
1275:
1242:
1218:
1203:
1165:
1150:
1122:
1100:
1067:
1052:
1021:
997:
964:
940:
925:
896:
878:Phthiraptera
853:Troctomorpha
851:
834:
822:
804:Paraneoptera
803:
766:
752:Thysanoptera
750:
717:
716:
703:Holometabola
701:
671:Polyneoptera
669:
648:Holometabola
644:sister taxon
641:
594:(true bugs)
590:
576:Thysanoptera
574:
550:
549:
538:Paraneoptera
526:Holometabola
524:
501:Polyneoptera
499:
475:
471:paraphyletic
467:Holometabola
463:sister taxon
459:Paraneoptera
455:Thysanoptera
443:monophyletic
440:
428:
426:
416:
413:
373:
362:
346:
331:
325:, and three
311:
291:
287:hemipteroids
283:paraphyletic
276:
256:
255:
247:Trogiomorpha
239:Phthiraptera
234:Troctomorpha
215:Hennig, 1966
210:
201:Paraneoptera
197:(unranked):
18:
4312:iNaturalist
4232:Wikispecies
4150:Myopsocidae
4074:Elipsocidae
4041:Epipsocidae
4023:Epipsocetae
3950:Psocomorpha
3836:Bovicolidae
3788:Pediculidae
3783:Pedicinidae
3763:(pale lice)
3724:(seal lice)
3669:Menoponidae
3550:Compsocidae
3327:Wikispecies
3286:Titanoptera
3218:Lapeyriidae
3213:Hypoperlida
3188:Eoblattodea
3157:(roachoids)
3150:Archodonata
2992:Antliophora
2960:Neuroptera
2922:Coleoptera
2733:Dictyoptera
2703:(Xenonomia)
2679:Orthoptera
2663:Embioptera
2655:Dermaptera
2647:Plecoptera
2547:Palaeoptera
2410:Subphylum:
2240:: 122–132.
1694:Myopsocidae
1656:Elipsocidae
1600:Epipsocidae
1588:Epipsocetae
1569:Dicropsocus
1560:Psocomorpha
1506:Compsocidae
1468:Empheriidae
1220:Epipsocetae
1124:Psocomorpha
229:Psocomorpha
30:163–0
4409:Psocoptera
4393:Categories
4084:Lesneiidae
3915:Ischnocera
3856:Lipeuridae
3846:Goniodidae
3822:Ischnocera
3812:Ratemiidae
3400:Subclass:
3390:Arthropoda
3236:Miomoptera
3002:Mecoptera
2830:Hemiptera
2751:(mantises)
2741:Blattodea
2687:Zoraptera
2566:(mayflies)
2505:Zygentoma
2400:Arthropoda
1836:2021-11-01
1827:"Psocodea"
1732:2021-11-01
1708:References
1688:(families
1638:(families
1614:(families
1590:(families
1549:Liposcelis
1528:(families
1500:(families
1474:(families
823:Here is a
683:Eumetabola
513:Eumetabola
365:viviparous
278:Psocoptera
221:Suborders
181:Arthropoda
137:body louse
3948:Suborder
3923:Amblycera
3804:Pthiridae
3682:Ricinidae
3659:Gyropidae
3631:Amblycera
3523:Suborder
3460:Trogiidae
3442:Atropetae
3428:Suborder
3402:Pterygota
3382:Kingdom:
3208:Heraridea
3198:Geroptera
3103:Based on
2977:Panorpida
2924:(beetles)
2814:Psocodea
2749:Mantodea
2700:Notoptera
2657:(earwigs)
2392:Kingdom:
2321:Psoco Net
2125:cite book
1565:Caecilius
1464:Trogiidae
1452:Atropetae
1414:suborders
1329:Atropetae
999:Amblycera
825:cladogram
768:Hemiptera
592:Hemiptera
578:(thrips)
478:cladogram
451:Hemiptera
315:mandibles
167:Kingdom:
161:Eukaryota
4399:Psocodea
4273:BugGuide
4252:Psocodea
4238:Psocodea
4223:Q3409994
4217:Wikidata
4208:Psocodea
4160:Psocidae
4137:Psocetae
3707:Anoplura
3644:Boopidae
3408:Neoptera
3388:Phylum:
3384:Animalia
3373:families
3371:Psocodea
3246:Paoliida
3020:Diptera
2824:(thrips)
2585:Odonata
2412:Hexapoda
2398:Phylum:
2394:Animalia
2000:(2005).
1951:30478043
1882:86331606
1813:32979270
1702:Psocidae
1685:Psocetae
1429:antennae
1205:Psocetae
927:Anoplura
835:Psocodea
718:Psocodea
658:Neoptera
551:Psocodea
488:Neoptera
334:venation
257:Psocodea
211:Psocodea
177:Phylum:
171:Animalia
157:Domain:
102:– Recent
24:Psocodea
4366:1191648
4343:6320580
4304:7612838
3396:Insecta
3394:Class:
3369:Extant
3131:Extinct
3105:Sasaki
3012:(fleas)
2806: *
2336:on the
2073:Bibcode
1942:6294958
1919:Bibcode
1862:Bibcode
404:
392:
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319:maxilla
298:binding
265:insects
207:Order:
191:Insecta
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4330:998435
4265:737139
3621:(lice)
3109:(2013)
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354:aphids
327:ocelli
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241:(lice)
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390:″ to
350:setae
342:cerci
294:books
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