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Paranoia

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495:), "mind". The term was used to describe a mental illness in which a delusional belief is the sole or most prominent feature. In this definition, the belief does not have to be persecutory to be classified as paranoid, so any number of delusional beliefs can be classified as paranoia. For example, a person who has the sole delusional belief that they are an important religious figure would be classified by Kraepelin as having "pure paranoia". The word "paranoia" is associated from the Greek word "para-noeo". Its meaning was "derangement", or "departure from the normal". However, the word was used strictly and other words were used such as "insanity" or "crazy", as these words were introduced by Aurelius Cornelius Celsus. The term "paranoia" first made an appearance during plays of Greek tragedians, and was also used by philosophers such as Plato and Hippocrates. Nevertheless, the word "paranoia" was the equivalent of "delirium" or "high fever". Eventually, the term made its way out of everyday language for two millennia. "Paranoia" was soon revived as it made an appearance in the writings of the 286:
the biases of blaming others for one's problems serve to alleviate the distress produced by the feeling of being humiliated, and helps to repudiate the belief that the self is to blame for such incompetence. This intra-psychic perspective emphasizes that the cause of paranoid cognitions is inside the head of the people (social perceiver), and dismisses the possibility that paranoid cognition may be related to the social context in which such cognitions are embedded. This point is extremely relevant because when origins of distrust and suspicion (two components of paranoid cognition) are studied many researchers have accentuated the importance of social interaction, particularly when social interaction has gone awry. Even more, a model of trust development pointed out that trust increases or decreases as a function of the cumulative history of interaction between two or more persons.
540:, that has its origins in social determinants more than intra-psychic conflict. This perspective states that in milder forms, paranoid cognitions may be very common among normal individuals. For instance, it is not strange that people may exhibit in their daily life, self-centered thought such as they are being talked about, suspicion about others' intentions, and assumptions of ill-will or hostility (e.g., people may feel as if everything is going against them). According to Kramer (1998), these milder forms of paranoid cognition may be considered as an adaptive response to cope with or make sense of a disturbing and threatening social environment. 594:
relationship: more hypervigilance generates more rumination, whereupon more rumination generates more hypervigilance. Hypervigilance can be thought of as a way to appraise threatening social information, but in contrast to adaptive vigilance, hypervigilance will produce elevated levels of arousal, fear, anxiety, and threat perception. Rumination is another possible response to threatening social information. Rumination can be related to the paranoid social cognition because it can increase negative thinking about negative events, and evoke a pessimistic explanatory style.
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different variations of actions brought on as a result of delusions. Wessely et al. (1993) did just this by studying individuals with delusions of which more than half had reportedly taken action or behaved as a result of these delusions. However, the overall actions were not of a violent nature in most of the informants. The authors note that other studies such as one by Taylor (1985), have shown that violent behaviors were more common in certain types of paranoid individuals, mainly those considered to be offensive such as prisoners.
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either specific individuals or groups" (p. 518). Three components of paranoid cognition have been identified by Robins & Post: "a) suspicions without enough basis that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving them; b) preoccupation with unjustified doubts about the loyalty, or trustworthiness, of friends or associates; c) reluctance to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the information will be used maliciously against them" (1997, p. 3).
645: 2535: 564:, people categorize themselves in terms of characteristics that made them unique or different from others under certain circumstances. Gender, ethnicity, age, or experience may become extremely relevant to explain people's behavior when these attributes make them unique in a social group. This distinctive attribute may have influence not only in how people are perceived, but may also affect the way they perceive themselves. 2523: 568:
remembered events that they interpreted as significant to their degree of trust in their advisors when compared with their advisors. This suggests that students are more willing to pay more attention to their advisor than their advisor is motivated to pay attention to them. Also students spent more time ruminating about the behaviors, events, and their relationship in general.
258:, enhanced by social situations. Paranoid symptoms were associated with an attitude of mistrust and an external locus of control. Citing research showing that women and those with lower socioeconomic status are more prone to locating locus of control externally, the researchers suggested that women may be especially affected by the effects of socioeconomic status on paranoia. 629: 524:
environment. The attention to threat itself has been proposed as one of the major contributors of violent actions in paranoid people, although there has been much deliberation about this as well. Other studies have shown that there may only be certain types of delusions that promote any violent behaviors, persecutory delusions seem to be one of these.
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Having resentful emotions towards others and the inability to understand what other people are feeling seem to have an association with violence in paranoid individuals. This was based on a study of people with paranoid schizophrenia (one of the common mental disorders that exhibit paranoid symptoms)
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Other researchers have found associations between childhood abusive behaviors and the appearance of violent behaviors in psychotic individuals. This could be a result of their inability to cope with aggression as well as other people, especially when constantly attending to potential threats in their
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The overly personalistic construal of social interaction: Refers to the inclination that paranoid perceiver has to interpret others' action in a disproportional self-referential way, increasing the belief that they are the target of others' thoughts and actions. A special kind of bias in the biased
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P. J. McKenna, "As a noun, paranoia denotes a disorder which has been argued in and out of existence, and whose clinical features, course, boundaries, and virtually every other aspect of which is controversial. Employed as an adjective, paranoid has become attached to a diverse set of presentations,
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Another relevant difference can be discerned among "pathological and non-pathological forms of trust and distrust". According to Deutsch, the main difference is that non-pathological forms are flexible and responsive to changing circumstances. Pathological forms reflect exaggerated perceptual biases
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Paranoid cognition has been conceptualized by clinical psychology almost exclusively in terms of psychodynamic constructs and dispositional variables. From this point of view, paranoid cognition is a manifestation of an intra-psychic conflict or disturbance. For instance, Colby (1981) suggested that
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Colby (1981) defined paranoid cognition as "persecutory delusions and false beliefs whose propositional content clusters around ideas of being harassed, threatened, harmed, subjugated, persecuted, accused, mistreated, killed, wronged, tormented, disparaged, vilified, and so on, by malevolent others,
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Uncertainty about social standing: The knowledge about the social standing is another factor that may induce paranoid social cognition. Many researchers have argued that experiencing uncertainty about a social position in a social system constitutes an adverse psychological state, one which people
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Based on data obtained by the Dutch NEMESIS project in 2005, there was an association between impaired hearing and the onset of symptoms of psychosis, which was based on a five-year follow up. Some older studies have actually declared that a state of paranoia can be produced in patients that were
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It has generally been agreed upon that individuals with paranoid delusions will have the tendency to take action based on their beliefs. More research is needed on the particular types of actions that are pursued based on paranoid delusions. Some researchers have made attempts to distinguish the
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Self-consciousness was characterized as an aversive psychological state. According to this model, people experiencing self-consciousness will be highly motivated to reduce it, trying to make sense of what they are experiencing. These attempts promote hypervigilance and rumination in a circular
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conduces to a hypervigilant and ruminative mode to process social information that finally will stimulate a variety of paranoid-like forms of social misperception and misjudgment. This model identifies four components that are essential to understanding paranoid social cognition: situational
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by Kraepelin, who explained paranoia as a continuous systematized delusion arising much later in life with no presence of either hallucinations or a deteriorating course, paraphrenia as an identical syndrome to paranoia but with hallucinations. Even at the present time, a delusion need not be
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Surveys have revealed that paranoia can develop from difficult parental relationships and untrustworthy environments, for instance those that were highly disciplinary, strict, and unstable, could contribute to paranoia. Some sources have also noted that indulging and pampering the child could
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An investigation of a non-clinical paranoid population found that characteristics such as feeling powerless and depressed, isolating oneself, and relinquishing activities, were associated with more frequent paranoia. Some scientists have created different subtypes for the various symptoms of
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Perceived evaluative scrutiny: According to this model, dysphoric self-consciousness may increase when people feel under moderate or intensive evaluative social scrutiny such as when an asymmetric relationship is analyzed. For example, when asked about their relationships, doctoral students
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Discrimination has also been reported as a potential predictor of paranoid delusions. Such reports that paranoia seemed to appear more in older patients who had experienced greater discrimination throughout their lives. Immigrants are more subject to some forms of psychosis than the general
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Making false accusations and the general distrust of other people also frequently accompany paranoia. For example, a paranoid person might believe an incident was intentional when most people would view it as an accident or coincidence. Paranoia is a central symptom of
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theories of mind capabilities in relation to empathy. The results of this study revealed specifically that although the violent patients were more successful at the higher level theory of mind tasks, they were not as able to interpret others' emotions or claims.
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Freeman, Daniel; Garety, Philippa A.; Fowler, David; Kuipers, Elizabeth; Bebbington, Paul E.; Dunn, Graham (2004). "Why Do People With Delusions Fail to Choose More Realistic Explanations for Their Experiences? An Empirical Investigation".
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has much in common with schizophrenic paranoia; the relationship has been under investigation since 2012. Drug-induced paranoia has a better prognosis than schizophrenic paranoia once the drug has been removed. For further information, see
219:. These individuals typically have a biased perception of reality, often exhibiting more hostile beliefs than average. A paranoid person may view someone else's accidental behavior as though it is intentional or signifies a threat. 262:
contribute to greater paranoia, via disrupting the child's understanding of their relationship with the world. Experiences found to enhance or create paranoia included frequent disappointment, stress, and a sense of hopelessness.
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experience delusions of reference and delusions of persecution. Paranoia perceptions and behavior may be part of many mental illnesses, such as depression and dementia, but they are more prevalent in three mental disorders:
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from paranoid schizophrenia, through paranoid depression, to paranoid personality—not to mention a motley collection of paranoid 'psychoses', 'reactions', and 'states'—and this is to restrict discussion to
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It has been suggested that a "hierarchy" of paranoia exists, extending from mild social evaluative concerns, through ideas of social reference, to persecutory beliefs concerning mild, moderate, and severe threats.
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Freeman, D., Garety, P., Bebbington, P., Smith, B., Rollinson, R., Fowler, D., Kuipers, E., Ray, K., & Dunn, G. (2005). Psychological investigation of the structure of paranoia in a non-clinical population.
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Green, C., Freeman, D., Kuipers, E., Bebbington, P., Fowler, D., Dunn, G., & Garety, P. (2008). Measuring ideas of persecution and social reference: the Green et al. Paranoid Thought Scales (GPTS).
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suspicious or fearful to be classified as paranoid. A person might be diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia without delusions of persecution, simply because their delusions refer mainly to themselves.
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Barrowclough, C.; Tarrier, N.; Humphreys, L.; Ward, J.; Gregg, L.; Andrews, B. (2003). "Self-Esteem in Schizophrenia: Relationships Between Self-Evaluation, Family Attitudes, and Symptomatology".
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Sartorius, N., Jablensky, A., Korten, A., Ernberg, G., Anker, M., Cooper, JE., & Day, R. (1986). Early manifestations and first-contact incidence of schizophrenia in different cultures.
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Some researchers have arranged types of paranoia by commonality. The least common types of paranoia at the very top of the hierarchy would be those involving more serious threats.
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Kramer, R. M. (1995a). "In dubious battle: Heightened accountability, dysphoric cognition, and self-defeating bargaining behavior." In R. M. Kramer & D. M. Messick (Eds.),
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The exaggerated perception of conspiracy: Refers to the disposition that the paranoid perceiver has to overattribute social coherence and coordination to others' actions.
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Meta-analyses have confirmed that individuals with paranoia tend to jump to conclusions and are incorrigible in their judgements, even for delusion-neutral scenarios.
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Kramer, R. M. (1998). "Revisiting the Bay of Pigs and Vietnam decisions twenty-five years later: How well has the group think hypothesis stood the test of time?"
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Sutton, R. I., & Galunic, D. C. (1996). "Consequences of public scrutiny for leaders and their organizations." In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.),
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Paranoid cognition captures the idea that dysphoric self-consciousness may be related with the position that people occupy within a social system. This
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Most commonly paranoid individuals tend to be of a single status, perhaps because paranoia results in difficulty with interpersonal relationships.
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Cota, A. A., & Dion, K. L. (1986). "Salience of gender and sex composition of ad-hoc groups: An experimental test of distinctiveness theory."
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The sinister attribution error: This bias captures the tendency that social perceivers have to overattribute lack of trustworthiness to others.
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Refers to an aversive form of heightened 'public self-consciousness' characterized by the feelings that one is under intensive evaluation or
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A paranoid reaction may be caused from a decline in brain circulation as a result of high blood pressure or hardening of the arterial walls.
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Bjorkly, S. (2002). "Psychotic symptoms and violence toward others — a literature review of some preliminary findings Part 1. Delusions".
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Social circumstances appear to be highly influential on paranoid beliefs. According to a mental health survey distributed to residents of
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Bramness, J. G; Gundersen, Øystein Hoel; Guterstam, J; Rognli, E. B; Konstenius, M; LÞberg, E. M; Medhus, S; Tanum, L; Franck, J (2012).
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Wessely, S.; Buchanan, A.; Reed, A.; Cutting, J.; Everitt, B.; Garety, P.; Taylor, P.J. (1993). "Acting on Delusions. I: Prevalence".
6251: 6006: 5042: 4932: 4670: 4378: 1300: 1420: 781:(Collins English Dictionary – Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition, 2009, William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd.) 3. informal sense: 4484: 4288: 3465: 3082: 2895: 499:. It began to take appearance in France, with the writings of Rudolph August Vogel (1772) and François Boissier de Sauvage (1759). 2305: 1944: 5316: 2875: 1654:"Association of the Jumping to Conclusions and Evidence Integration Biases With Delusions in Psychosis: A Detailed Meta-analysis" 5084: 1346: 1323: 5703: 5159: 4740: 4550: 3201: 4700: 6499: 6371: 6363: 5989: 5410: 5377: 5072: 5036: 4770: 4390: 2491: 2185: 2121: 774: 4973: 1782: 6307: 6292: 6067: 5505: 5030: 4586: 1203:"Corrigendum: Does Cognitive Behavior Therapy for psychosis (CBTp) show a sustainable effect on delusions? A meta-analysis" 4502: 2021:
Freeman, D.; Garety, P.A.; Bebbington, P.E.; Smith, B.; Rollinson, R.; Fowler, D.; Kuipers, E.; Ray, K.; Dunn, G. (2005).
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Abu-Akel, A.; Abushua'leh, K. (2004). "'Theory of mind' in violent and nonviolent patients with paranoid schizophrenia".
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Zimbardo, P. G., Andersen, S. M., & Kabat, L. G. (1981). "Induced hearing deficit generates experimental paranoia."
6564: 6382: 6297: 5438: 5382: 4797: 4538: 2912: 2887: 2722: 1421:"Paranoia: Historical development of the diagnostic concept, An unexplored area of research in neuropsychopharmacology" 5154: 4991: 6392: 5896: 5337: 5200: 4652: 4526: 3972: 3698: 3518: 3416: 2471: 2453: 2396: 2382: 2368: 2354: 709: 6322: 6095: 5766: 5563: 5515: 5134: 4925: 4240: 3790: 3027: 2998: 2939: 2481: 1770: 1098: 1080: 1063: 750: 744: 6113: 6600: 6521: 6223: 5861: 5608: 5580: 5205: 5183: 5090: 4396: 3032: 2827: 2752: 926:"Hypothesis: Grandiosity and Guilt Cause Paranoia; Paranoid Schizophrenia is a Psychotic Mood Disorder; a Review" 669: 5941: 2513: 1006:"Amphetamine-induced psychosis – a separate diagnostic entity or primary psychosis triggered in the vulnerable?" 6490: 6218: 5405: 5301: 4340: 4063: 3685: 3470: 3441: 2702: 1370:
Dowbiggin, Ian (2000). "Delusional diagnosis? The history of paranoia as a disease concept in the modern era".
724: 585:. Becoming self-tormenting will increase the odds of interpreting others' behaviors in a self-referential way. 2539: 290:
and judgmental predispositions that can arise and perpetuate them, are reflexively caused errors similar to a
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punctuation of social interaction, which entail an overperception of causal linking among independent events.
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Perceived social distinctiveness, perceived evaluative scrutiny and uncertainty about the social standing.
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Kramer, R. M. (1995b). "Power, paranoia, and distrust in organizations: The distorted view from the top."
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Kramer, R. M. (1994). "The sinister attribution error: Origins and consequences of collective paranoia."
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Capgras, J.; Reboul-Lachaux, J. (1923). "L'Illusion des 'sosies' dans un délire systématisé chronique".
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Huhn M, Nikolakopoulou A, Schneider-Thoma J, Krause M, Samara M, Peter N, et al. (September 2019).
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antecedents, dysphoric self-consciousness, hypervigilance and rumination, and judgmental biases.
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under a hypnotic state of deafness. This idea however generated much skepticism during its time.
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population, which may be related to more frequent experiences of discrimination and humiliation.
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is at the bottom of this hierarchy as the most frequently exhibited level of paranoia.
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According to Michael Phelan, Padraig Wright, and Julian Stern (2000), paranoia and
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Symptoms in the mind: An introduction to descriptive psychopathology (3rd edition)
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Fenigstein, A., & Vanable, P. A. (1992). "Paranoia and self-consciousness."
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Penney D, SauvĂ© G, Mendelson D, Thibaudeau É, Moritz S, Lepage M (March 2022).
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is an instinct or thought process that is believed to be heavily influenced by
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Social psychological research has proposed a mild form of paranoid cognition,
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Understanding Paranoia: A Guide for Professionals, Families, and Sufferers
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McLean, Benjamin F.; Mattiske, Julie K.; Balzan, Ryan P. (2017-03-01).
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Dudley, Robert; Taylor, Peter; Wickham, Sophie; Hutton, Paul (2016).
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Translated from the German by Carol Stewart. Gollancz, London. 1962.
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paranoia, including erotic, persecutory, litigious, and exalted.
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International Network for the History of Neuropsychopharmacology
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Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health disorders
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Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory
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5 Codes: Architecture, Paranoia and Risk in Times of Terror
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Three main judgmental consequences have been identified:
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Phelan, Michael; Wright, Padraig; Stern, Julian (2000).
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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concerning a perceived threat towards oneself (i.e.,
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Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
640: 624: 85: 5428: 560:Perceived social distinctiveness: According to the 94: 2735: 2105: 833: 597: 2347:Paranoia: The Psychology of Persecutory Delusions 2175: 1779:(DSM-IV-TR: Fourth edition Text Revision) (2000) 1200: 6730: 3144: 588: 576: 3917: 1976:"Accounting for Delusional Misidentifications" 1943:Deutsch, Albert; Fishman, Helen, eds. (1963). 1942: 4447: 4213: 3973: 2703: 2337:Paranoia and Modernity: Cervantes to Rousseau 2308:. In Deutsch, Albert; Fishman, Helen (eds.). 2059:Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1857: 1548:(pp. 95 – 120). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 783:intense fear or suspicion, esp when unfounded 506:are debated entities that were detached from 278:and guilt, may underlie functional paranoia. 6415: 2289:Colby, K. (1981). Modeling a paranoid mind. 2130: 1614:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1540: 1538: 1514:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1506: 531: 2112:. Great Britain: Psychology Press. p.  1629:(Vol. 18, pp. 201–250). Greenwich, CT: JAI. 1595: 1593: 1524: 1522: 1201:Mehl S, Werner D, Lincoln TM (2019-08-28). 1119: 274:Many more mood-based symptoms, for example 241: 4960: 3980: 3966: 3607:Other specified feeding or eating disorder 2874: 2710: 2696: 2439:Political paranoia: The politics of hatred 1973: 1638:Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). 1564: 892: 890: 551: 2391:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2310:The encyclopedia of mental health, Vol IV 2303: 2296:Deutsch, M. (1958). Trust and suspicion. 2247:Arnold, K. & Vakhrusheva, J. (2015). 2239:American Psychiatric Association (1994). 2070: 2038: 1949:The encyclopedia of mental health, Vol IV 1875: 1742: 1685: 1551: 1535: 1369: 1277: 1228: 1218: 1177: 1132: 1031: 1021: 983: 957: 5109: 3870:Disorganized (hebephrenic) schizophrenia 3466:Depersonalization-derealization disorder 2448:. Punjab: Panjab University Chandigarh. 1590: 1577: 1559:Research on Negotiation in Organizations 1519: 1048: 795:"Don't Freak Out: Paranoia Quite Common" 514: 350:, paranoia is diagnosed in the form of: 4898: 3987: 2441:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 2103: 1892: 887: 410:At least 50% of the diagnosed cases of 309:Drug-induced paranoia, associated with 183:. Paranoid thinking typically includes 14: 6731: 2476: 1606: 1356:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 1333:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 1310:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 819: 6621: 6464: 5840: 5427: 5246: 5108: 4959: 4897: 4446: 4357: 4212: 4008: 3961: 3916: 3784: 3719: 3571: 3298: 3143: 3053: 2873: 2734: 2691: 2359:Igmade (Stephan TrĂŒby et al., eds.), 1485:Bentall and Taylor (2006), p. 287-288 1411: 1409: 210: 3054: 2401: 2291:The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 4 1858:Bentall, R.P.; Taylor, J.L. (2006). 923: 447:, which exert a medium effect size. 5615:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 4269: 3573:Physiological and physical behavior 2628:(persistent delusional disorders), 2437:Robins, R., & Post, J. (1997). 2108:Schizophrenia and Related Syndromes 1627:Research in organizational behavior 1415: 905:Deutsch and Fishman (1963), p. 1412 896:Deutsch and Fishman (1963), p. 1408 24: 6383:Springfield, Ohio, cat-eating hoax 3519:Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures 2913:Emotional and behavioral disorders 2233: 1406: 25: 6760: 6015:Western-backed Iranian Revolution 5747:Proposed "Islamo-leftism" inquiry 3699:Hypoactive sexual desire disorder 2501: 2314:The Encyclopedia of Mental Health 2298:Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2 2197:The British Journal of Psychiatry 2027:The British Journal of Psychiatry 1980:The British Journal of Psychiatry 1974:Ellis, H.D.; Young, A.W. (1990). 1953:The Encyclopedia of Mental Health 1546:Negotiation in its social context 992:British Journal of Psychiatry 186 914:Bentall and Taylor (2006), p. 280 866:Deutch and Fishman (1963), p.1416 839:Bentall and Taylor (2006), p. 289 710:Narcissistic personality disorder 5474:Gas chambers for Poles in Warsaw 5411:Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning 4777:South African Airways Flight 295 2999:X-linked intellectual disability 2533: 2521: 2507: 2483:Whispers: The Voices of Paranoia 2243:(4th ed). Washington DC: Author. 1771:American Psychiatric Association 1476:Bentall and Taylor(2006), p. 287 1458:Bental and Taylor (2006), p. 286 1449:Phelan, Wright, and Stern (2000) 1270:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0277 1142:Oxford University Press: Oxford. 1099:American Psychiatric Association 1081:American Psychiatric Association 1064:American Psychiatric Association 1054:Bentall and Taylor (2006), p.281 857:Deutsch and Fishman p. 1414-1415 751:Whispers: The Voices of Paranoia 745:Schizotypal personality disorder 643: 627: 269: 215:A common symptom of paranoia is 78: 6058:Petrograd Military Organization 5581:International Jewish conspiracy 5429:Race, religion and/or ethnicity 5091:Denial of the 7 October attacks 4916:California drought manipulation 2828:Intermittent explosive disorder 2753:Ego-dystonic sexual orientation 2653:(paranoid type schizophrenia), 1895:Aggression and Violent Behavior 1864:Behavioral Sciences and the Law 1702: 1645: 1632: 1619: 1503:Abu-Akel and Abushua'leh (2004) 1497: 1488: 1479: 1470: 1461: 1452: 1443: 1363: 1340: 1317: 1294: 1245: 1194: 1145: 1110: 1092: 1074: 1057: 997: 974: 917: 908: 899: 670:Borderline personality disorder 598:Judgmental and cognitive biases 572:are highly motivated to reduce. 6007:Israel-related animal theories 3471:Dissociative identity disorder 2736:Adult personality and behavior 1831:Journal of Abnormal Psychology 878: 869: 860: 851: 842: 787: 765: 725:Post-traumatic stress disorder 13: 1: 6179:First Catilinarian conspiracy 5211:Ideology in incel communities 2634:paranoid personality disorder 2512:The dictionary definition of 2411:Contemporary Political Theory 2268:10.1080/17522439.2015.1095229 1907:10.1016/s1359-1789(01)00049-0 1806:10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00049-5 1640:Stress, appraisal, and coping 1170:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31135-3 758: 720:Paranoid personality disorder 589:Hypervigilance and rumination 429:paranoid personality disorder 355:Paranoid personality disorder 195:). Paranoia is distinct from 6622: 6545:Freeman on the land movement 6435:Maricopa County ballot audit 6393:"Vast right-wing conspiracy" 5841: 4810:Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 4094:Global catastrophe scenarios 4009: 3875:Pseudoneurotic schizophrenia 3412:Generalized anxiety disorder 3145:Neurological and symptomatic 2790:Sexual relationship disorder 2345:& Garety, P. A. (2004). 2133:American Sociological Review 1360:, on perseus Digital Library 1337:, on perseus Digital Library 1314:, on perseus Digital Library 875:Freeman et al. (2005), p.433 577:Dysphoric self-consciousness 459:of 43 studies reported that 449:Cognitive behavioral therapy 434: 341: 7: 6709:Science by press conference 6682:Online youth radicalization 6601:Ted Cruz–Zodiac Killer meme 6288:CIA assistance to bin Laden 5921:(outside the United States) 5085:Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 5031:Mozambican presidential jet 4771:United Air Lines Flight 553 4302:Interdimensional hypothesis 3998:List of conspiracy theories 3651:REM sleep behavior disorder 3120:Seasonal affective disorder 2918:Separation anxiety disorder 2377:. Westport: Praeger Press. 2339:. Cornell University Press. 2304:Messinger, Emanuel (1963). 620: 332:substance-induced psychosis 301: 193:"Everyone is out to get me" 10: 6765: 5983:Middle East / North Africa 5383:oral polio AIDS hypothesis 5247: 3918:Symptoms and uncategorized 3019:developmental disabilities 2785:Sexual maturation disorder 2349:. Hove: Psychology Press. 2180:. Philadelphia: Saunders. 2081:10.1037/0022-006x.72.4.671 1928:10.1177/0957154X9400501709 1843:10.1037/0021-843X.112.1.92 1763: 1603:. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 1384:10.1177/0957154X0001104103 1127:Psychological Medicine, 16 924:Lake, C. R. (2008-11-01). 828:Psychological Medicine, 38 491:), "beside, by" and ÎœÏŒÎżÏ‚ ( 466: 36: 29: 6628: 6617: 6573: 6530: 6471: 6465: 6460: 6234: 6123: 6076: 6035: 5982: 5917: 5851: 5847: 5836: 5760: 5712: 5666: 5524: 5434: 5423: 5253: 5242: 5115: 5104: 4969: 4955: 4906: 4893: 4854: 4819: 4716: 4457: 4453: 4448:Deaths and disappearances 4442: 4313:Estimate of the Situation 4219: 4214:Astronomy and outer space 4208: 4132: 4019: 4015: 4004: 3995: 3923: 3912: 3888: 3880:Simple-type schizophrenia 3857: 3849:Schizophreniform disorder 3826: 3805: 3801: 3780: 3733: 3715: 3684: 3661: 3615: 3582: 3578: 3567: 3489: 3456: 3404: 3347: 3338: 3319: 3315: 3294: 3260: 3227:Mild cognitive impairment 3212:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease 3192: 3154: 3150: 3139: 3110:Major depressive disorder 3063: 3049: 3015:Psychological development 3014: 2989: 2886: 2882: 2869: 2798: 2745: 2741: 2730: 2549: 538:paranoid social cognition 532:Paranoid social cognition 236: 134: 118: 70: 58: 53: 39:Paranoid (disambiguation) 32:Paranoia (disambiguation) 6522:Shakespearean authorship 6500:Shadow government claims 6303:Election denial movement 6199:Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet 4641:Diana, Princess of Wales 4192:Psychological projection 4175:Mass psychogenic illness 3928:Impulse-control disorder 3844:Schizoaffective disorder 3839:Brief reactive psychosis 3536:Mass psychogenic illness 3499:Body dysmorphic disorder 3278:Post-concussion syndrome 2888:Emotional and behavioral 1220:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01868 1023:10.1186/1471-244X-12-221 884:Mirowski and Ross (1983) 772:World English Dictionary 445:antipsychotic medication 292:self-fulfilling prophecy 248:Ciudad JuĂĄrez, Chihuahua 242:Social and environmental 175:, often to the point of 6639:Conspiracy Encyclopedia 6633:Argument from ignorance 6333:Philadelphia Experiment 5942:Avro Arrow cancellation 5767:Denial of mass killings 5449:COVID-19 and xenophobia 4933:Free energy suppression 4124:Urban legends and myths 4049:power behind the throne 3865:Childhood schizophrenia 3217:Frontotemporal dementia 3174:High-functioning autism 2991:Intellectual disability 2657:(delusional disorder), 2373:Kantor, Martin (2004). 2282:Canneti, Elias (1962). 1358:A Greek-English Lexicon 1335:A Greek-English Lexicon 1312:A Greek-English Lexicon 1207:Frontiers in Psychology 552:Situational antecedents 487:", and that from Ï€Î±ÏÎŹ ( 443:are often treated with 187:beliefs, or beliefs of 6677:Historical negationism 6096:Operation Sledgehammer 5862:Cow vigilante violence 5554:during the Black Death 4741:Great Kantƍ earthquake 4611:GEC-Marconi scientists 4557:Martin Luther King Jr. 4320:Lake Michigan Triangle 4289:Black Knight satellite 4150:Communal reinforcement 4064:Political conspiracies 3382:Specific social phobia 3273:Organic brain syndrome 3115:Melancholic depression 2876:Childhood and learning 2622:paranoid schizophrenia 2538:Quotations related to 2335:Farrell, John (2006). 2104:McKenna, P.J. (1997). 1794:Schizophrenia Research 1715:Schizophrenia Bulletin 1658:Schizophrenia Bulletin 1530:Motivation and Emotion 930:Schizophrenia Bulletin 685:Delusions of reference 562:social identity theory 461:metacognitive training 417:paranoid schizophrenia 365:Paranoid schizophrenia 6405:Stab-in-the-back myth 6209:Clockwork Orange plot 5727:Bihar human sacrifice 5658:Stab-in-the-back myth 5481:German POWs post-WWII 5363:Germ theory denialism 5358:Electronic harassment 5079:Smolensk air disaster 5043:Oklahoma City bombing 4921:Climate change denial 4717:Accidents / disasters 4653:Nepalese royal family 4140:Attitude polarization 3938:Psychomotor agitation 3728:and substance-related 3671:Postpartum depression 3551:Somatization disorder 3437:Acute stress reaction 3202:AIDS dementia complex 2402:Mura, Andrea (2016). 2040:10.1192/bjp.186.5.427 1992:10.1192/bjp.157.2.239 1916:History of Psychiatry 1727:10.1093/schbul/sbv150 1670:10.1093/schbul/sbw056 1642:. New York: Springer. 1467:Wessely et al. (1993) 1372:History of Psychiatry 1116:McKenna (1997), p.238 942:10.1093/schbul/sbm132 848:Freeman et al. (2005) 515:Relations to violence 396:clinical psychologist 6476:Dead Internet theory 5967:Daktari Ranch affair 5752:Trojan Horse scandal 5130:anti-gender movement 5110:Gender and sexuality 5067:Madrid train bombing 5013:Lufthansa Flight 615 4701:Sushant Singh Rajput 4241:Apollo Moon landings 4145:Cognitive dissonance 3933:KlĂŒver–Bucy syndrome 3763:Substance dependence 3676:Postpartum psychosis 3222:Huntington's disease 3004:Lujan–Fryns syndrome 2853:Personality disorder 2579:(thought symptoms), 2530:at Wikimedia Commons 2209:10.1192/bjp.163.1.69 1138:Cutting, J. (1997). 401:functional disorders 30:For other uses, see 6550:Redemption movement 6318:Georgia Guidestones 5591:Cultural Bolshevism 5230:Soy and masculinity 4900:Energy, environment 4804:EgyptAir Flight 990 4545:Lal Bahadur Shastri 4515:Subhas Chandra Bose 3989:Conspiracy theories 3813:Delusional disorder 3758:Stimulant psychosis 3748:Physical dependence 3602:Rumination syndrome 3504:Conversion disorder 3481:Psychogenic amnesia 3331:with depressed mood 3329:Adjustment disorder 3232:Parkinson's disease 3207:Alzheimer's disease 3100:Atypical depression 2936:Social functioning 2811:Munchausen syndrome 2806:Factitious disorder 2601:delusional disorder 2486:. New York: Crown. 2446:Delusional disorder 2423:10.1057/cpt.2015.23 2389:Delusional disorder 2363:, BirkhĂ€user 2006. 1599:Turner, J. (1987). 1574:, 212, 1529 – 1531. 1431:on 19 November 2021 807:. November 12, 2008 421:delusional disorder 384:delusional disorder 328:stimulant psychosis 129:clinical psychology 6645:Conspiracy fiction 6555:Sovereign citizens 6308:FBI secret society 6293:Clinton body count 6103:Gezi Park protests 6068:Ukraine bioweapons 5867:Greater Bangladesh 5609:Judeo-Masonic plot 5406:Water fluoridation 5373:HIV/AIDS denialism 5120:Alpha / beta males 5019:WiderĂže Flight 933 4497:WƂadysƂaw Sikorski 4236:Ancient astronauts 3832:schizophrenia-like 3476:Dissociative fugue 2925:Movement disorders 2387:Munro, A. (1999). 1785:2022-10-16 at the 1352:2021-03-08 at the 1329:2021-02-27 at the 1306:2021-03-08 at the 1164:(10202): 939–951. 777:2018-05-28 at the 700:Ideas of reference 545:self-consciousness 211:Signs and symptoms 27:Psychotic disorder 6726: 6725: 6722: 6721: 6613: 6612: 6609: 6608: 6591:Birds Aren't Real 6456: 6455: 6452: 6451: 6448: 6447: 6278:Black helicopters 6189:Mano Negra affair 6159:Itavia Flight 870 6086:2016 coup attempt 5990:In the Arab world 5922: 5832: 5831: 5828: 5827: 5820:Serbs during WWII 5737:Great Replacement 5595:Jewish Bolshevism 5511:War against Islam 5490:Product labeling 5459:French Revolution 5419: 5418: 5258:5G misinformation 5238: 5237: 5100: 5099: 5055:advance knowledge 5037:Pan Am Flight 103 4951: 4950: 4889: 4888: 4885: 4884: 4833:Yemenite children 4563:Robert F. Kennedy 4539:Lee Harvey Oswald 4521:Johnny Stompanato 4438: 4437: 4434: 4433: 4430: 4429: 4391:Aztec, New Mexico 4294:Cryptoterrestrial 4204: 4203: 4200: 4199: 4155:Confirmation bias 3955: 3954: 3951: 3950: 3908: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3776: 3775: 3711: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3563: 3562: 3559: 3558: 3452: 3451: 3290: 3289: 3286: 3285: 3247:Vascular dementia 3169:Asperger syndrome 3135: 3134: 3045: 3044: 3041: 3040: 2979:Tourette syndrome 2865: 2864: 2861: 2860: 2685: 2684: 2593:positive symptoms 2526:Media related to 2493:978-0-684-80285-5 2478:Siegel, Ronald K. 2458:Sims, A. (2002). 2444:Sant, P. (2005). 2322:10.1037/11547-024 2284:Crowds and Power. 2187:978-0-7020-2490-0 2123:978-0-86377-790-5 1961:10.1037/11547-024 1419:(30 March 2016). 680:Conspiracy theory 651:Psychiatry portal 635:Psychology portal 158: 157: 145:false accusations 48:Medical condition 16:(Redirected from 6756: 6660:pseudoskepticism 6619: 6618: 6528: 6527: 6462: 6461: 6413: 6412: 6298:Cultural Marxism 6139:Global War Party 5920: 5849: 5848: 5838: 5837: 5638:Killing of Jesus 5586:Committee of 300 5569:Holocaust denial 5522: 5521: 5506:Tartarian Empire 5476: 5467: 5444:CERN ritual hoax 5439:Bhagwa Love Trap 5425: 5424: 5378:origins theories 5263:Anti-vaccination 5244: 5243: 5194:Transvestigation 5106: 5105: 4957: 4956: 4895: 4894: 4855:Body double hoax 4689:Alejandro Castro 4587:Pope John Paul I 4569:Salvador Allende 4503:Benito Mussolini 4455: 4454: 4444: 4443: 4397:Southern England 4355: 4354: 4298:Extraterrestrial 4267: 4266: 4229:Nibiru cataclysm 4210: 4209: 4165:Locus of control 4119:Secret societies 4017: 4016: 4006: 4005: 3982: 3975: 3968: 3959: 3958: 3914: 3913: 3803: 3802: 3782: 3781: 3717: 3716: 3592:Anorexia nervosa 3580: 3579: 3569: 3568: 3546:Psychogenic pain 3514:Globus pharyngis 3362:Childhood phobia 3345: 3344: 3317: 3316: 3296: 3295: 3152: 3151: 3141: 3140: 3051: 3050: 2950:Selective mutism 2901:Conduct disorder 2884: 2883: 2871: 2870: 2848:Trichotillomania 2823:Gender dysphoria 2818:Fear of intimacy 2775:Sexual anhedonia 2743: 2742: 2732: 2731: 2719:Mental disorders 2712: 2705: 2698: 2689: 2688: 2547: 2546: 2537: 2525: 2511: 2497: 2434: 2408: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2279: 2253: 2228: 2191: 2172: 2127: 2111: 2100: 2074: 2052: 2042: 2017: 2015: 2014: 1970: 1968: 1967: 1939: 1910: 1889: 1879: 1854: 1825: 1757: 1756: 1746: 1706: 1700: 1699: 1689: 1649: 1643: 1636: 1630: 1623: 1617: 1616:, 50, 770 – 776. 1610: 1604: 1597: 1588: 1587:, 73, 236 – 271. 1581: 1575: 1568: 1562: 1555: 1549: 1542: 1533: 1532:, 18, 199 – 230. 1526: 1517: 1516:, 62, 129 – 138. 1510: 1504: 1501: 1495: 1492: 1486: 1483: 1477: 1474: 1468: 1465: 1459: 1456: 1450: 1447: 1441: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1427:. Archived from 1413: 1404: 1403: 1367: 1361: 1344: 1338: 1321: 1315: 1298: 1292: 1291: 1281: 1249: 1243: 1242: 1232: 1222: 1198: 1192: 1191: 1181: 1149: 1143: 1136: 1130: 1123: 1117: 1114: 1108: 1096: 1090: 1078: 1072: 1061: 1055: 1052: 1046: 1045: 1035: 1025: 1001: 995: 987: 981: 978: 972: 971: 961: 936:(6): 1151–1162. 921: 915: 912: 906: 903: 897: 894: 885: 882: 876: 873: 867: 864: 858: 855: 849: 846: 840: 837: 831: 823: 817: 816: 814: 812: 805:Associated Press 791: 785: 769: 715:Paranoid fiction 653: 648: 647: 637: 632: 631: 630: 508:dementia praecox 425:persecutory type 250:(in Mexico) and 217:attribution bias 110: 109: 106: 105: 102: 99: 96: 93: 90: 87: 84: 51: 50: 43:Paranoiac (film) 21: 6764: 6763: 6759: 6758: 6757: 6755: 6754: 6753: 6729: 6728: 6727: 6718: 6650:Conspirituality 6624: 6605: 6569: 6560:Strawman theory 6526: 6467: 6444: 6411: 6372:Saddam–al-Qaeda 6348:Project Azorian 6328:Montauk Project 6230: 6214:Elm Guest House 6175:Roman Republic 6119: 6108:SĂšvres syndrome 6072: 6031: 5978: 5947:Leuchter report 5919: 5913: 5897:Finger-pinching 5843: 5824: 5765: 5762:Genocide denial 5756: 5708: 5662: 5648:New World Order 5520: 5472: 5461: 5430: 5415: 5285:in chiropractic 5249: 5234: 5201:Finger pinching 5189:litter box hoax 5155:HIV/AIDS stigma 5111: 5096: 5073:London bombings 4965: 4947: 4902: 4901: 4881: 4850: 4815: 4759:Lost Cosmonauts 4712: 4695:Jeffrey Epstein 4671:Osama bin Laden 4647:Alois Estermann 4533:John F. Kennedy 4479:Louis Le Prince 4462: 4449: 4426: 4353: 4279:Alien abduction 4265: 4224:2012 phenomenon 4215: 4196: 4128: 4011: 4000: 3991: 3986: 3956: 3947: 3919: 3900: 3884: 3853: 3831: 3822: 3797: 3772: 3729: 3726:substance abuse 3703: 3680: 3657: 3611: 3597:Bulimia nervosa 3574: 3555: 3531:Hypochondriasis 3526:False pregnancy 3509:Ganser syndrome 3491:Somatic symptom 3485: 3448: 3400: 3389:Specific phobia 3334: 3311: 3282: 3256: 3188: 3184:Savant syndrome 3156:Autism spectrum 3146: 3131: 3059: 3037: 3016: 3010: 2985: 2878: 2857: 2833:Dermatillomania 2794: 2780:Sexual anorexia 2737: 2726: 2716: 2686: 2681: 2680: 2666: 2637: 2604: 2558: 2504: 2494: 2406: 2326: 2324: 2251: 2236: 2234:Further reading 2231: 2188: 2178:Core psychiatry 2145:10.2307/2095107 2124: 2072:10.1.1.468.5088 2012: 2010: 1965: 1963: 1922:(17): 119–133. 1877:10.1002/bsl.718 1787:Wayback Machine 1766: 1761: 1760: 1707: 1703: 1650: 1646: 1637: 1633: 1624: 1620: 1611: 1607: 1598: 1591: 1582: 1578: 1569: 1565: 1561:, 5, 119 – 154. 1556: 1552: 1543: 1536: 1527: 1520: 1511: 1507: 1502: 1498: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1480: 1475: 1471: 1466: 1462: 1457: 1453: 1448: 1444: 1434: 1432: 1414: 1407: 1368: 1364: 1354:Wayback Machine 1345: 1341: 1331:Wayback Machine 1322: 1318: 1308:Wayback Machine 1299: 1295: 1258:JAMA Psychiatry 1250: 1246: 1199: 1195: 1150: 1146: 1137: 1133: 1124: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1097: 1093: 1079: 1075: 1062: 1058: 1053: 1049: 1002: 998: 988: 984: 979: 975: 922: 918: 913: 909: 904: 900: 895: 888: 883: 879: 874: 870: 865: 861: 856: 852: 847: 843: 838: 834: 824: 820: 810: 808: 793: 792: 788: 779:Wayback Machine 770: 766: 761: 756: 695:Fusion paranoia 649: 642: 633: 628: 626: 623: 600: 591: 579: 554: 534: 517: 475:comes from the 469: 437: 344: 319:methamphetamine 304: 272: 244: 239: 213: 114: 81: 77: 49: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6762: 6752: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6724: 6723: 6720: 6719: 6717: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6704:Radicalization 6701: 6700: 6699: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6672:Fringe science 6669: 6667:Falsifiability 6664: 6663: 6662: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6635: 6629: 6626: 6625: 6615: 6614: 6611: 6610: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6577: 6575: 6571: 6570: 6568: 6567: 6565:Tax protesters 6562: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6536: 6534: 6525: 6524: 6519: 6518: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6497: 6495:New chronology 6488: 6483: 6478: 6472: 6469: 6468: 6458: 6457: 6454: 6453: 6450: 6449: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6442: 6440:Stop the Steal 6437: 6432: 6427: 6421: 6419: 6410: 6409: 6408: 6407: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6374: 6369: 6368: 6367: 6360: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6269: 6268: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6240: 6238: 6232: 6231: 6229: 6228: 6227: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6203: 6202: 6201: 6193: 6192: 6191: 6183: 6182: 6181: 6173: 6172: 6171: 6163: 6162: 6161: 6153: 6152: 6151: 6143: 6142: 6141: 6133: 6127: 6125: 6124:Other European 6121: 6120: 6118: 6117: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6099: 6098: 6093: 6082: 6080: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6053:Golden billion 6050: 6045: 6043:Alaska payment 6039: 6037: 6033: 6032: 6030: 6029: 6028: 6027: 6019: 6018: 6017: 6009: 6004: 6003: 6002: 5997: 5986: 5984: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5976: 5975: 5974: 5969: 5961: 5960: 5959: 5951: 5950: 5949: 5944: 5936: 5935: 5934: 5925: 5923: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5911: 5910: 5909: 5901: 5900: 5899: 5891: 5890: 5889: 5881: 5880: 5879: 5871: 5870: 5869: 5864: 5855: 5853: 5845: 5844: 5834: 5833: 5830: 5829: 5826: 5825: 5823: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5771: 5769: 5758: 5757: 5755: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5718: 5716: 5710: 5709: 5707: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5695: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5673: 5671: 5669:Anti-Christian 5664: 5663: 5661: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5629: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5611: 5606: 5605: 5604: 5588: 5578: 5577: 5576: 5574:Trivialization 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5530: 5528: 5519: 5518: 5516:White genocide 5513: 5508: 5503: 5502: 5501: 5496: 5488: 5486:Priory of Sion 5483: 5478: 5470: 5469: 5468: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5435: 5432: 5431: 5421: 5420: 5417: 5416: 5414: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5386: 5385: 5380: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5349: 5348: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5293: 5292: 5290:misinformation 5287: 5282: 5281: 5280: 5275: 5260: 5254: 5251: 5250: 5240: 5239: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5197: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5175: 5174: 5172:Lavender scare 5164: 5163: 5162: 5152: 5150:gay Nazis myth 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5122: 5116: 5113: 5112: 5102: 5101: 5098: 5097: 5095: 5094: 5088: 5082: 5076: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5062: 5057: 5046: 5040: 5034: 5028: 5025:KAL Flight 007 5022: 5016: 5010: 5001: 4995: 4992:Reichstag fire 4989: 4980: 4970: 4967: 4966: 4953: 4952: 4949: 4948: 4946: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4929: 4928: 4926:false theories 4918: 4913: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4899: 4891: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4879: 4874: 4872:Vladimir Putin 4869: 4864: 4862:Paul McCartney 4858: 4856: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4848: 4842: 4836: 4830: 4823: 4821: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4813: 4807: 4801: 4798:TWA Flight 800 4795: 4786: 4780: 4774: 4768: 4765:JAT Flight 367 4762: 4756: 4750: 4747:Lynmouth Flood 4744: 4738: 4729: 4720: 4718: 4714: 4713: 4711: 4710: 4704: 4698: 4692: 4686: 4680: 4674: 4668: 4665:Benazir Bhutto 4662: 4656: 4650: 4644: 4638: 4632: 4626: 4620: 4614: 4608: 4602: 4596: 4590: 4584: 4581:Renny Ottolina 4578: 4572: 4566: 4560: 4554: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4530: 4527:Marilyn Monroe 4524: 4518: 4512: 4506: 4500: 4494: 4488: 4485:Lord Kitchener 4482: 4476: 4473:Zachary Taylor 4469: 4467: 4451: 4450: 4440: 4439: 4436: 4435: 4432: 4431: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4424: 4418: 4412: 4406: 4400: 4394: 4388: 4382: 4376: 4370: 4363: 4361: 4352: 4351: 4346: 4345: 4344: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4309: 4304: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4275: 4273: 4264: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4232: 4231: 4220: 4217: 4216: 4206: 4205: 4202: 4201: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4183: 4182: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4136: 4134: 4130: 4129: 4127: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4099:Hidden message 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4053: 4052: 4051: 4046: 4043:Ă©minence grise 4039: 4029: 4023: 4021: 4013: 4012: 4002: 4001: 3996: 3993: 3992: 3985: 3984: 3977: 3970: 3962: 3953: 3952: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3924: 3921: 3920: 3910: 3909: 3906: 3905: 3902: 3901: 3899: 3898: 3892: 3890: 3886: 3885: 3883: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3861: 3859: 3855: 3854: 3852: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3835: 3833: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3820: 3815: 3809: 3807: 3799: 3798: 3778: 3777: 3774: 3773: 3771: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3753:Rebound effect 3750: 3745: 3740: 3734: 3731: 3730: 3713: 3712: 3709: 3708: 3705: 3704: 3702: 3701: 3696: 3694:Hypersexuality 3690: 3688: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3678: 3673: 3667: 3665: 3659: 3658: 3656: 3655: 3654: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3633: 3628: 3622: 3620: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3588: 3586: 3576: 3575: 3565: 3564: 3561: 3560: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3522: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3501: 3495: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3484: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3462: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3446: 3445: 3444: 3439: 3429: 3427:Panic disorder 3424: 3419: 3414: 3408: 3406: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3398: 3397: 3396: 3394:Claustrophobia 3386: 3385: 3384: 3379: 3377:Anthropophobia 3369: 3367:Social anxiety 3364: 3359: 3353: 3351: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3333: 3332: 3325: 3323: 3313: 3312: 3292: 3291: 3288: 3287: 3284: 3283: 3281: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3264: 3262: 3258: 3257: 3255: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3237:Pick's disease 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3198: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3160: 3158: 3148: 3147: 3137: 3136: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3129: 3124: 3123: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3092: 3091: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3064: 3061: 3060: 3047: 3046: 3043: 3042: 3039: 3038: 3036: 3035: 3030: 3024: 3022: 3012: 3011: 3009: 3008: 3007: 3006: 2995: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2983: 2982: 2981: 2971: 2970: 2969: 2964: 2954: 2953: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2934: 2933: 2932: 2922: 2921: 2920: 2910: 2909: 2908: 2898: 2892: 2890: 2880: 2879: 2867: 2866: 2863: 2862: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2814: 2813: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2795: 2793: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2771: 2770: 2765: 2755: 2749: 2747: 2739: 2738: 2728: 2727: 2723:Classification 2715: 2714: 2707: 2700: 2692: 2683: 2682: 2679: 2678: 2667: 2638: 2605: 2559: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2550:Classification 2544: 2543: 2531: 2519: 2503: 2502:External links 2500: 2499: 2498: 2492: 2474: 2456: 2442: 2435: 2399: 2385: 2371: 2357: 2340: 2333: 2301: 2294: 2287: 2280: 2244: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2229: 2192: 2186: 2173: 2139:(2): 228–239. 2128: 2122: 2101: 2065:(4): 671–680. 2053: 2033:(5): 427–435. 2018: 1986:(2): 239–248. 1971: 1940: 1911: 1901:(6): 617–631. 1890: 1870:(3): 277–294. 1855: 1826: 1789: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1721:(3): 652–665. 1701: 1664:(2): 344–354. 1644: 1631: 1618: 1605: 1589: 1576: 1563: 1550: 1534: 1518: 1505: 1496: 1494:Bjorkly (2002) 1487: 1478: 1469: 1460: 1451: 1442: 1405: 1378:(41): 037–69. 1362: 1339: 1316: 1293: 1264:(5): 417–429. 1244: 1193: 1144: 1131: 1118: 1109: 1091: 1073: 1056: 1047: 1010:BMC Psychiatry 996: 982: 973: 916: 907: 898: 886: 877: 868: 859: 850: 841: 832: 818: 786: 763: 762: 760: 757: 755: 754: 747: 742: 737: 732: 727: 722: 717: 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 672: 667: 662: 656: 655: 654: 639: 638: 622: 619: 615: 614: 611: 607: 599: 596: 590: 587: 578: 575: 574: 573: 569: 565: 553: 550: 533: 530: 516: 513: 468: 465: 436: 433: 392: 391: 376: 367:(a subtype of 362: 343: 340: 303: 300: 271: 268: 252:El Paso, Texas 243: 240: 238: 235: 231:Social anxiety 212: 209: 156: 155: 138: 132: 131: 122: 116: 115: 113: 112: 74: 72: 68: 67: 60: 56: 55: 47: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6761: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6736: 6734: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6698: 6695: 6694: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6661: 6658: 6657: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6640: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6630: 6627: 6620: 6616: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6578: 6576: 6572: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6540:Admiralty law 6538: 6537: 6535: 6533: 6529: 6523: 6520: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6502: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6481:NESARA/GESARA 6479: 6477: 6474: 6473: 6470: 6463: 6459: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6418: 6417:2020 election 6414: 6406: 6402: 6401:POW/MIA issue 6399: 6398: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6388:Trump–Ukraine 6386: 6384: 6381: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6366: 6365: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6355: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6273:Biden–Ukraine 6271: 6267: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6244: 6243:Barack Obama 6242: 6241: 6239: 6237: 6236:United States 6233: 6225: 6224:Voting pencil 6222: 6220: 6219:Harold Wilson 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6206: 6204: 6200: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6190: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6180: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6170: 6167: 6166: 6164: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6150: 6147: 6146: 6144: 6140: 6137: 6136: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6128: 6126: 6122: 6116: 6115: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6088: 6087: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6079: 6075: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6034: 6026: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6016: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5991: 5988: 5987: 5985: 5981: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5958: 5957:Casa Matusita 5955: 5954: 5952: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5939: 5937: 5933: 5930: 5929: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5916: 5908: 5905: 5904: 5902: 5898: 5895: 5894: 5892: 5888: 5885: 5884: 5882: 5878: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5839: 5835: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5795:The Holocaust 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5763: 5759: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5722:Counter-jihad 5720: 5719: 5717: 5715: 5711: 5705: 5704:Giuseppe Siri 5702: 5700: 5697: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5679: 5678: 5677:Anti-Catholic 5675: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5665: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5616: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5603: 5602: 5598: 5597: 5596: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5583: 5582: 5579: 5575: 5572: 5571: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5549:Doctors' plot 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5531: 5529: 5527: 5523: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5475: 5471: 5465: 5460: 5457: 5456: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5436: 5433: 5426: 5422: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5375: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5347: 5346:United States 5343: 5339: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5314: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5270: 5269: 5266: 5265: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5255: 5252: 5245: 5241: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5225:Satanic panic 5223: 5221: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5173: 5170: 5169: 5168: 5165: 5161: 5160:United States 5158: 5157: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5127: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5117: 5114: 5107: 5103: 5092: 5089: 5086: 5083: 5080: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5068: 5065: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5044: 5041: 5038: 5035: 5032: 5029: 5026: 5023: 5020: 5017: 5014: 5011: 5008: 5007: 5002: 4999: 4996: 4993: 4990: 4987: 4986: 4981: 4978: 4977: 4972: 4971: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4954: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4927: 4924: 4923: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4908: 4905: 4896: 4892: 4878: 4877:Melania Trump 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4867:Avril Lavigne 4865: 4863: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4853: 4846: 4843: 4840: 4839:Elvis Presley 4837: 4834: 4831: 4828: 4825: 4824: 4822: 4818: 4811: 4808: 4805: 4802: 4799: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4787: 4784: 4781: 4778: 4775: 4772: 4769: 4766: 4763: 4760: 4757: 4754: 4751: 4748: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4736: 4735: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4715: 4708: 4705: 4702: 4699: 4696: 4693: 4690: 4687: 4684: 4681: 4678: 4675: 4672: 4669: 4666: 4663: 4660: 4659:Yasser Arafat 4657: 4654: 4651: 4648: 4645: 4642: 4639: 4636: 4635:Yitzhak Rabin 4633: 4630: 4627: 4624: 4621: 4618: 4615: 4612: 4609: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4588: 4585: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4573: 4570: 4567: 4564: 4561: 4558: 4555: 4552: 4549: 4546: 4543: 4540: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4525: 4522: 4519: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4507: 4504: 4501: 4498: 4495: 4492: 4489: 4486: 4483: 4480: 4477: 4474: 4471: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4460: 4459:Assassination 4456: 4452: 4445: 4441: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4415:Alien autopsy 4413: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4392: 4389: 4386: 4383: 4380: 4377: 4374: 4371: 4368: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4356: 4350: 4349:Project Serpo 4347: 4343: 4342: 4338: 4337: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4314: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4268: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4230: 4227: 4226: 4225: 4222: 4221: 4218: 4211: 4207: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4181: 4178: 4177: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4131: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4109:Pseudoscience 4107: 4105: 4104:Pseudohistory 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4074:Crisis actors 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4054: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4034: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4024: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3994: 3990: 3983: 3978: 3976: 3971: 3969: 3964: 3963: 3960: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3922: 3915: 3911: 3897: 3894: 3893: 3891: 3887: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3862: 3860: 3858:Schizophrenia 3856: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3836: 3834: 3829: 3825: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3787:Schizophrenia 3783: 3779: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3738:Drug overdose 3736: 3735: 3732: 3727: 3723: 3718: 3714: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3686:Sexual desire 3683: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3660: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3638: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3614: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3585: 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Thomas 504:paraphrenia 497:nosologists 405:paraphrenia 380:persecutory 276:grandiosity 185:persecutory 59:Other names 6733:Categories 6687:Paranormal 6596:Li's field 6515:synarchism 6510:Illuminati 6505:Bilderberg 6377:Sandy Hook 6313:FEMA camps 6165:Lithuania 6000:Cairo fire 5972:Golpe Azul 5963:Venezuela 5928:Argentina 5780:Bangladesh 5742:Love jihad 5601:Ć»ydokomuna 5544:Cohen Plan 5454:Freemasons 5317:Ivermectin 5307:Chemtrails 5302:Big Pharma 5278:Thiomersal 5145:gay agenda 5140:drag panic 5125:Anti-LGBTQ 4962:False flag 4605:Zia-ul-Haq 4599:Olof Palme 4421:Morristown 4385:Twin Falls 4341:Die Glocke 4307:Dulce Base 4261:Reptilians 4246:Flat Earth 4133:Psychology 4069:Conspiracy 4037:deep state 3943:Stereotypy 3806:Delusional 3795:delusional 3768:Withdrawal 3636:Parasomnia 3541:Nosophobia 3321:Adjustment 3309:somatoform 3242:Sundowning 3095:Depression 3078:Bipolar II 2967:Stuttering 2962:Cluttering 2758:Paraphilia 2306:"Paranoia" 2013:2014-04-08 1966:2014-04-04 1945:"Paranoia" 759:References 479:Ï€Î±ÏÎŹÎœÎżÎčα ( 323:stimulants 189:conspiracy 125:Psychiatry 62:Paranoid ( 6749:Metaphors 6744:Psychosis 6692:Prejudice 6586:Bielefeld 6574:Satirical 6532:Pseudolaw 6425:Italygate 6364:incidents 6338:Pizzagate 6257:parentage 6169:Statesmen 6091:Ergenekon 6025:Pallywood 5995:10 agorot 5903:Thailand 5877:Jinnahpur 5873:Pakistan 5800:Holodomor 5790:Cambodian 5297:Aspartame 5206:GamerGate 5167:Homintern 5135:Chemicals 4985:Lusitania 4911:Agenda 21 4845:Jonestown 4835:(1948–54) 4683:Seth Rich 4575:Aldo Moro 4411:(1987–88) 4335:Nazi UFOs 4160:Denialism 4089:Espionage 4079:Deception 3896:Catatonia 3828:Psychosis 3663:Postnatal 3646:Nightmare 3252:Wandering 3105:Dysthymia 3073:Bipolar I 3028:Pervasive 2843:Pyromania 2768:Voyeurism 2763:Fetishism 2417:: 58–79. 2276:146386637 2256:Psychosis 2203:: 69–76. 2089:1939-2117 2067:CiteSeerX 1936:144364931 1735:1745-1701 1678:1745-1701 950:0586-7614 735:Querulant 705:Monomania 665:Apophenia 471:The word 441:delusions 439:Paranoid 435:Treatment 348:DSM-IV-TR 342:Diagnosis 205:psychosis 169:suspicion 153:suspicion 120:Specialty 64:adjective 18:Paranoiac 6739:Paranoia 6623:See also 6486:New Coke 6343:The Plan 6252:religion 6145:Ireland 6135:Georgia 6131:Euromyth 6114:Üst akıl 6063:Rasputin 5918:Americas 5842:Regional 5775:Armenian 5327:vaccines 5322:lab leak 5312:COVID-19 5184:Grooming 4466:theories 4187:Paranoia 4084:Dystopia 4060:Criminal 4010:Overview 3631:Insomnia 3301:Neurotic 3268:Delirium 3194:Dementia 3033:Specific 2540:Paranoia 2528:Paranoia 2515:paranoia 2480:(1994). 2464:Elsevier 2431:53724373 2327:April 4, 2225:45346403 2169:10371624 2097:15301652 2049:15863749 2008:27270280 1886:16773623 1851:12653417 1822:36947719 1814:15145470 1783:Archived 1753:26519952 1696:27169465 1400:29886856 1392:11624609 1350:Archived 1327:Archived 1304:Archived 1301:Ï€Î±ÏÎŹÎœÎżÎčα 1288:35320347 1239:31555162 1213:: 1868. 1188:31303314 1042:23216941 968:18056109 775:Archived 690:Distrust 621:See also 583:scrutiny 481:parĂĄnoia 473:paranoia 382:type of 311:cannabis 302:Physical 177:delusion 161:Paranoia 141:Distrust 136:Symptoms 54:Paranoia 6266:Spygate 6195:Sweden 6021:Israel 5938:Canada 5810:Rwandan 5805:Nanjing 5785:Bosnian 5732:Eurabia 5692:Vatican 5682:Jesuits 5477:(1940s) 5395:Medbeds 5220:Gaylors 5216:Larries 5051:(2001) 5006:Liberty 4791:Estonia 4734:Titanic 4464:suicide 4379:Roswell 4284:Area 51 4114:Secrecy 3340:Anxiety 3179:PDD-NOS 3068:Bipolar 2721: ( 2676:D010259 2217:8353703 2161:6859680 2153:2095107 2000:2224375 1764:Sources 1744:4838082 1687:5605251 1572:Science 1279:8943641 1230:6724716 1179:6891890 1033:3554477 1016:: 221. 959:2632512 730:Pronoia 660:Anxiety 485:madness 467:History 427:), and 346:In the 197:phobias 165:anxiety 149:anxiety 6379:(2012) 6358:Pastel 6185:Spain 6155:Italy 6078:Turkey 6036:Russia 5858:India 5626:Z.O.G. 5499:Kosher 5402:(2003) 5338:Canada 5268:autism 5248:Health 5093:(2023) 5087:(2014) 5081:(2010) 5075:(2005) 5069:(2004) 5045:(1995) 5039:(1988) 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Index

Paranoiac
Paranoia (disambiguation)
Paranoid (disambiguation)
Paranoiac (film)
adjective
/ˌpĂŠrəˈnɔÉȘə/
Specialty
Psychiatry
clinical psychology
Symptoms
Distrust
false accusations
anxiety
suspicion
anxiety
suspicion
fear
delusion
irrationality
persecutory
conspiracy
phobias
psychosis
attribution bias
Social anxiety
Ciudad JuĂĄrez, Chihuahua
El Paso, Texas
victimization
grandiosity
self-fulfilling prophecy

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