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Partial equilibrium

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wine, which would feed back into the market for French wine. If the feedback were included, the higher domestic price would shift out the demand curve for French wine, further increasing its price. This further increase would again raise demand for domestic wine, and the feedback would increase, resulting in an infinite cycle that would eventually dampen out and converge. The importance of these feedback effects might or might not be worth the extra calculations necessary. They will generally affect the exact amount of the original good's price change, but not the direction.
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says, "Partial equilibrium models of markets, or of systems of related markets, determine prices, profits, productions, and the other variables of interest adhering to the assumption that there are no feedback effects from these endogenous magnitudes to the underlying demand or cost curves that are
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Consider, for example, the effect of a tariff on imported French wine. Partial equilibrium would look at just that market, and show that the price would rise. It would ignore the fact that if French wine became more expensive, demand for domestic wine would rise, pushing up the price of domestic
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analysis, on the other hand, the prices and quantities of all markets in the economy are considered simultaneously, including feedback effects from one to another, though the assumption of ceteris paribus is maintained with respect to such things as constancy of tastes and technology.
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only for one good at a time. Thus, it might look at the effect of a price ceiling for luxury automobiles without looking at the effect of that automobile price ceiling on the demand for bicycles, which would be analyzed separately.
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specified in advance." General equilibrium analysis, in contrast, begins with tastes, endowments, and technology being fixed, but takes into account feedback effects between the prices and quantities of all goods in the economy.
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Partial equilibrium applies not just to perfectly competitive markets, but to
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p. 538, Andreu Mas-Colell, Michael Whinston & Jerry Green (1995)
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and quantities in other markets. In other words, the prices of all
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Mas-Colell, Whinston & Green's widely used graduate textbook
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Partial equilibrium analysis examines the effects of
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is the paradigmatic example of a partial equilibrium
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The clearance of the market for some specific 1116: 891: 1123: 1109: 898: 884: 1770: 1104: 1078: 13: 1679:Microfoundations of macroeconomics 1130: 14: 1789: 1752: 1751: 1740: 987:model, which includes an entire 865: 853: 38: 963:is obtained independently from 140:Concepts, theory and techniques 1072: 1059: 1032:Computable general equilibrium 1: 1052: 922:which analyzes only a single 7: 1624:Civil engineering economics 1609:Statistical decision theory 1249:Income elasticity of demand 1069:, Oxford University Press. 1025: 10: 1794: 1778:General equilibrium theory 1259:Price elasticity of supply 1254:Price elasticity of demand 1244:Cross elasticity of demand 1042:General equilibrium theory 1735: 1702: 1581: 1138: 1315:Income–consumption curve 1008:monopolistic competition 128:JEL classification codes 1649:Industrial organization 949:supply and demand model 314:Industrial organization 171:Computational economics 166:Experimental economics 1619:Engineering economics 1214:Cost–benefit analysis 1436:Price discrimination 1330:Intertemporal choice 1081:Microeconomic Theory 1067:Microeconomic Theory 920:economic equilibrium 393:Social choice theory 16:Concept in economics 1747:Business portal 1684:Operations research 1511:Substitution effect 985:general equilibrium 934:general equilibrium 916:partial equilibrium 860:Business portal 181:Operations research 161:National accounting 1325:Indifference curve 1293:Goods and services 1234:Economies of scope 1229:Economies of scale 918:is a condition of 191:Industrial complex 186:Middle income trap 1765: 1764: 1727:Political economy 1526:Supply and demand 1406:Pareto efficiency 908: 907: 1785: 1755: 1754: 1745: 1744: 1487:Returns to scale 1345:Market structure 1125: 1118: 1111: 1102: 1101: 1095: 1094: 1076: 1070: 1063: 1047:Law of one price 973:complement goods 969:substitute goods 900: 893: 886: 872:Money portal 870: 869: 868: 858: 857: 354:Natural resource 146:Economic systems 42: 19: 18: 1793: 1792: 1788: 1787: 1786: 1784: 1783: 1782: 1768: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1739: 1731: 1698: 1577: 1219:Deadweight loss 1156:Consumer choice 1134: 1129: 1099: 1098: 1091: 1077: 1073: 1064: 1060: 1055: 1028: 953:Alfred Marshall 929:ceteris paribus 904: 866: 864: 852: 845: 844: 815: 805: 804: 803: 802: 566:von Böhm-Bawerk 454: 443: 442: 204: 196: 195: 151:Economic growth 141: 133: 132: 74: 72:classifications 17: 12: 11: 5: 1791: 1781: 1780: 1763: 1762: 1760: 1759: 1749: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1730: 1729: 1724: 1722:Macroeconomics 1719: 1718: 1717: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1699: 1697: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1578: 1576: 1575: 1570: 1569: 1568: 1563: 1553: 1548: 1547: 1546: 1537: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1458: 1457: 1452: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1421:Price controls 1413: 1408: 1403: 1402: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1385: 1384: 1379: 1369: 1364: 1363: 1362: 1357: 1342: 1340:Market failure 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1306: 1305: 1300: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1274: 1273: 1263: 1262: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1210: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1182: 1177: 1167: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1135: 1132:Microeconomics 1128: 1127: 1120: 1113: 1105: 1097: 1096: 1089: 1079:Jhingan, M.L. 1071: 1057: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1050: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1027: 1024: 951:originated by 906: 905: 903: 902: 895: 888: 880: 877: 876: 875: 874: 862: 847: 846: 843: 842: 837: 827: 822: 816: 811: 810: 807: 806: 801: 800: 793: 788: 783: 778: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 708: 703: 698: 693: 688: 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 457: 456: 455: 449: 448: 445: 444: 441: 440: 435: 430: 425: 420: 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 359:Organizational 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 205: 203:By application 202: 201: 198: 197: 194: 193: 188: 183: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 142: 139: 138: 135: 134: 131: 130: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 96: 91: 86: 81: 75: 69: 68: 65: 64: 63: 62: 57: 52: 44: 43: 35: 34: 28: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1790: 1779: 1776: 1775: 1773: 1758: 1750: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1737: 1734: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1716: 1713: 1712: 1711: 1708: 1707: 1705: 1701: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1654:Institutional 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1599:Computational 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1584: 1580: 1574: 1571: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1545: 1544:Law of supply 1541: 1538: 1536: 1535:Law of demand 1532: 1529: 1528: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1521:Social choice 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1506:Excess supply 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1492:Risk aversion 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1426:Price ceiling 1424: 1422: 1419: 1418: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1383: 1382:Complementary 1380: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1351: 1348: 1347: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1295: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1165:non-convexity 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1143: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1114: 1112: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1092: 1090:81-8281-071-X 1086: 1082: 1075: 1068: 1062: 1058: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1004: 1001: 1000:policy action 996: 992: 990: 986: 982: 978: 975:, as well as 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 945: 942: 938: 935: 931: 930: 925: 921: 917: 913: 901: 896: 894: 889: 887: 882: 881: 879: 878: 873: 863: 861: 856: 851: 850: 849: 848: 841: 838: 835: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 817: 814: 809: 808: 799: 798: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 677: 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 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174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 143: 137: 136: 129: 126: 124: 121: 119: 116: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 100: 97: 95: 94:International 92: 90: 87: 85: 82: 80: 77: 76: 73: 70:Branches and 67: 66: 61: 58: 56: 53: 51: 48: 47: 46: 45: 41: 37: 36: 33: 30: 29: 25: 21: 20: 1689:Optimization 1674:Mathematical 1634:Experimental 1629:Evolutionary 1614:Econometrics 1472:Public goods 1446:Price system 1441:Price signal 1355:Monopolistic 1224:Distribution 1139:Major topics 1080: 1074: 1066: 1061: 1005: 997: 993: 946: 939: 927: 915: 909: 830:Publications 795: 418:Sociological 391: / 289:Geographical 269:Evolutionary 244:Digitization 209:Agricultural 113:Mathematical 84:Econometrics 1639:Game theory 1604:Development 1551:Uncertainty 1431:Price floor 1411:Preferences 1350:Competition 1320:Information 1283:Externality 1266:Equilibrium 1207:Transaction 1185:Opportunity 1146:Aggregation 666:von Neumann 319:Information 259:Engineering 239:Development 234:Demographic 176:Game theory 118:Methodology 1669:Managerial 1589:Behavioral 1462:Production 1399:Oligopsony 1239:Elasticity 1151:Budget set 1053:References 1037:Cost curve 979:levels of 825:Economists 696:Schumacher 601:Schumpeter 571:von Wieser 491:von ThĂĽnen 452:economists 428:Statistics 423:Solidarity 344:Managerial 309:Humanistic 304:Historical 249:Ecological 214:Behavioral 108:Mainstream 1710:Economics 1582:Subfields 1477:Rationing 1394:Oligopoly 1389:Monopsony 1377:Bilateral 1310:Household 1161:Convexity 1020:monopsony 1012:oligopoly 981:consumers 912:economics 741:Greenspan 706:Samuelson 686:Galbraith 656:Tinbergen 596:von Mises 591:Heckscher 551:Edgeworth 369:Personnel 329:Knowledge 294:Happiness 284:Financial 254:Education 229:Democracy 123:Political 89:Heterodox 32:Economics 1772:Category 1757:Category 1703:See also 1594:Business 1566:Marginal 1561:Expected 1502:Shortage 1497:Scarcity 1372:Monopoly 1278:Exchange 1190:Implicit 1180:Marginal 1026:See also 1016:monopoly 834:journals 820:Glossary 771:Stiglitz 736:Rothbard 716:Buchanan 701:Friedman 691:Koopmans 681:Leontief 661:Robinson 546:Marshall 450:Notable 398:Regional 374:Planning 349:Monetary 279:Feminist 224:Cultural 219:Business 24:a series 22:Part of 1715:Applied 1694:Welfare 1556:Utility 1516:Surplus 1455:Pricing 1367:Duopoly 1360:Perfect 1303:Service 1271:General 1175:Average 989:economy 840:Schools 832: ( 791:Piketty 786:Krugman 651:Kuznets 641:Kalecki 616:Polanyi 506:Cournot 501:Bastiat 486:Ricardo 476:Malthus 466:Quesnay 438:Welfare 408:Service 79:Applied 55:Outline 50:History 1540:Supply 1531:Demand 1467:Profit 1335:Market 1197:Social 1087:  977:income 965:prices 924:market 776:Thaler 756:Ostrom 751:Becker 746:Sowell 726:Baumol 631:Myrdal 626:Sraffa 621:Frisch 611:Knight 606:Keynes 581:Fisher 576:Veblen 561:Pareto 541:Menger 536:George 531:Jevons 526:Walras 516:Gossen 384:Public 379:Policy 334:Labour 299:Health 156:Market 1659:Labor 1644:Green 1416:Price 1298:Goods 1288:Firms 961:goods 957:model 813:Lists 781:Hoppe 766:Lucas 731:Solow 721:Arrow 711:Simon 676:Lange 671:Hicks 646:Röpke 636:Hayek 586:Pigou 556:Clark 471:Smith 433:Urban 413:Socio 403:Rural 103:Macro 99:Micro 60:Index 1573:Wage 1482:Rent 1450:Free 1202:Sunk 1170:Cost 1163:and 1085:ISBN 1018:and 991:. 971:and 947:The 797:more 521:Marx 511:Mill 496:List 1664:Law 910:In 761:Sen 481:Say 339:Law 1774:: 1022:. 1014:, 1010:, 926:, 914:, 101:/ 26:on 1542:/ 1533:/ 1504:/ 1448:/ 1124:e 1117:t 1110:v 1093:. 899:e 892:t 885:v 836:)

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