870:
2040:
471:
tribute of a kharwar of cheese annually. Kalautar was later expelled because he would not convert to Islam but continued to pay tribute. In the south of the valley, the remaining Kafir rajas were under pressure due to lost allies (Bhim Raja and
Shultan Raja) as well as poor land due to lack of water, and thus moved to the east. Bambakot's main market known as the Hindu Quarter also declined with the going of the
1829:
41:
866:, where Pashayi elders are also present and lead the discussions. The Pashayi people additionally perform a dance where young people of all genders gather in a circle, hold each other by their shoulders and begin singing songs. This is performed at weddings or during celebrations, and lasts for 20–25 minutes.
302:
traveled through the region and described the locals as practitioners of sorcery and witchcraft, as well as calling them a "pestilent people” and crafty". Polo claimed that the men wore brooches and earrings decorated with gemstones and that the main diet of the locals consisted of rice and meat. In
1238:
Historically, north and east
Afghanistan was considered part of the Indian cultural and religious sphere. Early accounts of the region mention the Pashayi as living in a region producing rice and sugarcane, with many wooded areas. Many of the people of the region were Buddhists, though small groups
1101:
Historically, north and east
Afghanistan was considered part of the Indian cultural and religious sphere. Early accounts of the region mention the Pashayi as living in a region producing rice and sugarcane, with many wooded areas. Many of the people of the region were Buddhists, though small groups
470:
He invited Aṇu and
Kolalek from Kordar to settle in Kandak, and Yarukei from Chelas to settle in Shemul. In return, they had to guard the north of the valley and water supply. He also allowed the Kafir Kalautar from Wama to settle Amla with his goats, on the condition that Kalautar give Deishamir
434:
villages. The kafir rulers Bhim Raja of
Bambakot, Shultan Raja of Sotan, and Sher Raja all surrendered to Deishamir Baba and converted to Islam. Laṇā Raja of Shemul was defeated and he fled the region. Muturu Raja of Utran fought with Deishamir Baba for a longer time, but eventually converted to
503:, an unmarried woman had become pregnant and went into the mountains to give birth to a boy, subsequently abandoning the newborn under some leaves to hide her shame. A goat then discovered the boy, scraping the leaves away with their hoof, and raised the newborn, earning the name
744:
As the
Pashayi have a distinctive culture, behavior, and fashion from those in the areas in which they inhabit, they have been isolated by those from other ethnicities, leading some to believe that the Pashayi people are "ignorant" or "threatening".
290:
Pashtuns. Ovesen and Keiser suggest that
Pashayi people were not driven up into the mountain valleys where they reside, rather, they were indigenous inhabitants of their respective regions before the rise of the
634:, meaning “strong”, “sturdy” and “rock wall” in the language. The last theory claims that in ancient times, a king emerged from the Pashayi ethnic group, later being named after him as kings were referred to as
838:
The
Pashayi engage in a mixed economy of agriculture and herding. Common crops cultivated include rice, wheat, and corn. They also raise goats, cattle, and sheep. It has been noted that both the Pashayi,
379:, and is stated to have conquered and converted 66 valleys to Islam. After conquering Tajau and Nijrau valleys in Panjshir area, the soldiers established a fort at Islamabad at confluence of Alishang and
1324:
1210:
992:
1037:
Before their conversion to Islam, the
Pashayi followed a religion that was probably a corrupt form of Hinduism and Buddhism. Today, they are Sunni (orthodox) Muslims of the Hanafite sect.
439:
and became an ally of
Deishamir Baba. Deishamir Baba had two sons, Ranga and Japar, and six grandsons. The six grandsons are the ancestors of the Pashai in Sotan. In
1860:
899:
883:
1325:
https://theswissbay.ch/pdf/Books/Linguistics/Mega%20linguistics%20pack/Indo-European/Indo-Aryan/Pashai%2C%20A%20Descriptive%20Grammar%20of%20%28Lehr%29.pdf
1211:
https://theswissbay.ch/pdf/Books/Linguistics/Mega%20linguistics%20pack/Indo-European/Indo-Aryan/Pashai%2C%20A%20Descriptive%20Grammar%20of%20%28Lehr%29.pdf
418:
and converted the people to Islam. The valley was inhabited by Kafirs who only were armed with bows and arrows, whereas Deishamir Baba and his army had
725:
and the deepening of divisions in the region. As a result of these negative comments, some Pashayi people only interact with those of their own
443:, Deishamir decided to give permanent land settlements to family and followers instead of introducing a rotating land tenure system known as
2068:
588:
stated "Pashae, or Pashie are attributive plural forms, meaning 'of the Kingdom Padshahi'. The Pashayi are still found by that name in the
1853:
934:
414:, and conversions continued into recent history. According to Pashai oral tradition, in the mid-18th century, Deishamir Baba conquered
507:. The story is repeated, except this time, the goat discovered the abandoned newborn with their horns, therefore earning the name
1668:
1624:
286:
in north-east Afghanistan, until they were displaced to less fertile mountainous region by successive waves of immigration by
1846:
1069:
1005:
584:
There are several theories regarding the origin of the word Pashayi, with some claiming it is over 2,500 years old. In 1891,
1689:
1918:
1300:
1275:
1231:
1094:
917:
780:
1833:
887:
17:
1963:
1869:
1059:
1800:
1315:
The state and tribe in Afghanistan in the nineteenth century:The reign of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan: pp 161
788:
1737:
604:
districts in the southern valleys. However, other theories claim that Pashayi is derived from the words
572:
themselves, wanting to increase their own numbers for “consequent benefits”. Although, Pashayi-speaking
1263:
852:
538:
tribes. However, Jeffrey states that Masson’s research in the 1830s was devalued by a lack of clarity.
2021:
803:
through videos that are tailored to mock their distinct culture. The act of putting flowers in their
263:
1713:
2011:
966:
352:
order, against the infidels of Katwar in 1582. Hakim was a semi-independent governor of Kabul. The
2073:
2026:
1953:
1669:"Addressing prejudice through interaction: the Pashayi of Nangarhar – Ipso's Cultural Containers"
1625:"Addressing prejudice through interaction: the Pashayi of Nangarhar – Ipso's Cultural Containers"
769:
2063:
2016:
1644:
448:
383:. They continued the raid up to Alishang and made their last effort against the non-Muslims of
1267:
1256:
1555:
191:
573:
523:
407:
342:
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in 1977, an observer known as Masson claimed the Pashayi people can be traced back to the
8:
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316:
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147:
77:
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A Descriptive Grammar of Pashai: The Language and Speech of a Community of Darrai Nur
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239:
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97:
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by census takers and government agents. This is a result of the census takers being
1572:
The Social Structure and Organization of A Pakhto Speaking Community in Afghanistan
1394:
808:
674:
655:
601:
543:
384:
372:
331:
279:
231:
199:
176:
155:
134:
106:
69:
1377:
1024:
795:. On other social media platforms, the Pashayi people are additionally subject to
783:
building on 15 August 2021 and were recorded speaking their language, some of the
518:
According to a work published by Jeffrey H.P Evans-von Krbek at the Department of
1983:
1549:
893:
873:
Flag of the Pashayi people, sighted in Afghanistan and parts of Northern Pakistan
784:
392:
243:
235:
215:
211:
102:
73:
1000:. University of Chicago, Division of the Humanities, Department of Linguistics.
994:
A Descriptive Grammar of Pashai: The Language and Speech Community of Darrai Nur
721:
life". The usage of these slurs has led to a rise in ethnic tensions in eastern
1838:
1411:
1386:
1378:
800:
772:
Saadullah, resulting in clashes although no deaths or injuries were reported.
734:
464:
335:
227:
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81:
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worship of the animal, or a goat-like deity. They also hold meetings known as
463:
valley's economic cohesion was strengthened and was therefore more immune to "
2057:
1973:
1928:
1898:
1893:
1778:
1526:
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1382:
1353:
1189:
1131:
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had only recently been forbidden and that the town was famous for its wine.
1995:
1903:
1888:
1883:
930:
924:
904:
519:
423:
275:
447:, which integrated and strengthened the segmentary lineage systems of the
722:
673:(resident of the plain, additionally implying “indigenous” or “native”),
630:, meaning demon and carnivore. Others think that Pashayi is derived from
427:
251:
195:
125:
1786:
1762:
1534:
1510:
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1471:
1361:
1337:
1197:
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Muhammad Salim who accompanied the expedition mentions its details. The
1933:
1923:
1908:
840:
827:
812:
764:
against alleged mistreatment and ethnic discrimination under the local
738:
718:
698:
678:
346:
319:
primarily inhabited by the Pashayi people, he found that the eating of
299:
271:
1439:
717:) which implies they are "primitive, simple and struggle to cope with
1978:
913:
Former Deputy of Defense and Territorial Affairs Haji Agha Jan Sayedi
726:
706:
535:
484:
460:
440:
415:
312:
283:
1948:
1601:"PASHAI: Historical Background of the Pashai People in Afghanistan"
860:
816:
651:
626:
452:
404:
376:
292:
267:
85:
1442:
Gates of Peristan: history, religion and society in the Hindu Kush
693:
Reportedly, there have been accounts of the Pashayi population in
1968:
1938:
1570:
819:
792:
776:
765:
761:
643:
558:
541:
By the early 21st century, the Pashayi were often referred to as
527:
419:
366:
475:. According to Ovsen, these events occurred in the early 1800s.
1988:
1958:
1913:
1828:
1224:
Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia
1087:
Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia
823:
796:
730:
714:
597:
569:
565:
561:
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551:
531:
472:
349:
287:
247:
1690:"Protests in Nuristan over 'mistreatment and discrimination'"
863:
844:
804:
749:
548:
436:
411:
338:
308:
46:
40:
848:
669:
In the present, some Pashayi people refer to themselves as
646:, others claim that the Pashayi people were referred to as
500:
357:
320:
1444:. Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente. p. 32.
1293:
Encyclopaedic ethnography of Middle-East and Central Asia
787:
could not understand and therefore referred to them as “
198:. They are mainly concentrated in the northern parts of
59:
Approx. 400,000 (disputed between 600,000 and 1 million)
1239:
of Hindus and others with tribal religions were noted.
1102:
of Hindus and others with tribal religions were noted.
387:, fighting up to Mangu, the modern border between the
345:, who was a staunch adherent of the missionary-minded
1645:"The Islamic State in Khorasan | Hurst Publishers"
1255:
564:. Pashayi people have deliberately been listed as
859:to resolve issues, which has similarities to the
478:
2055:
1868:
1569:Evans-Von Krbek, Jeffrey Hewitt Pollitt (1977).
967:"What Languages do People Speak in Afghanistan?"
815:, has also led some to wrongly believe they are
688:
371:. Muhammad Hakim's invasion fought its way from
250:. Some Pashayi people are also based in Central
1568:
1295:. Global Vision Publishing House. p. 631.
1061:Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania
1587:An Inquiry into the Ethnography of Afghanistan
1854:
1249:
1247:
1019:
1017:
455:attempts of invasion. By not introducing the
1459:(Thesis). University of Chicago. p. 29.
1440:Alberto M. Cacopardo, Augusto S. Cacopardo.
487:, the two most important descent groups are
270:, along with tribal religions. Pashayis and
1414:. "Ğihād in Afghanistan and Muslim India".
1258:Muslim peoples: a world ethnographic survey
1215:
1078:
729:, rather than other ethnic groups. 6.1% of
1861:
1847:
1410:
1284:
1244:
1014:
620:. Others believe that the word comes from
262:The Pashayi people historically practiced
39:
1373:
1371:
986:
984:
982:
980:
737:is additionally Pashayi, with 4.8% being
1763:"On the Cultural Heritage of the Pashai"
1511:"On the Cultural Heritage of the Pashai"
1472:"On the Cultural Heritage of the Pashai"
1406:
1404:
1338:"On the Cultural Heritage of the Pashai"
1174:"On the Cultural Heritage of the Pashai"
1116:"On the Cultural Heritage of the Pashai"
868:
354:Sifat-nama-yi Darviš Muhammad Hān-i Ğāzī
1687:
1598:
1221:
1084:
238:whereas other Pashai, such as those in
14:
2056:
1760:
1508:
1469:
1368:
1335:
1290:
1253:
1222:Minahan, James B. (10 February 2014).
1171:
1159:Pashai, Ethnic identity in Afghanistan
1113:
1085:Minahan, James B. (10 February 2014).
977:
877:
705:", a slur which can be translated to “
1842:
1575:(Doctoral thesis). Durham University.
1435:
1433:
1401:
1391:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume IV
1153:
1151:
1149:
426:, and he came to Darra-i Nur through
398:
226:. Many Pashai consider themselves as
1547:
1454:
1064:. Infobase Publishing. p. 646.
1057:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
990:
847:groups share a fascination with the
811:, being incorrectly associated with
709:” or “country bumpkin”, as well as "
364:gives Muhammad Hakim the epithet of
64:Regions with significant populations
2069:Ethnic groups in Nangarhar Province
1551:A Descriptive Grammar of the Pashai
1027:. Bethany World Prayer Center. 1997
499:meaning horn. According to Pashayi
341:had dispatched his younger brother
24:
1430:
1146:
775:Additionally, when an all-Pashayi
451:people, allowing them to ward off
25:
2085:
1822:
1042:
511:and becoming the ancestor of the
2038:
1827:
1599:Kulmani, Mohammad Zahir (2010).
650:, evident through the naming of
1793:
1754:
1730:
1706:
1681:
1661:
1637:
1617:
1592:
1579:
1562:
1541:
1502:
1463:
1448:
1329:
1318:
1309:
109:also spoken as second languages
1688:Witness, Afghan (2023-05-22).
1204:
1165:
1107:
959:
923:Former politician and Pashayi
697:being referred to with ethnic
576:refer to themselves as Tajik.
479:Origins of Darra-i-Nur Pashayi
13:
1:
1801:"زندگی زبانها ۴: زبان پشه ای"
952:
689:Discrimination in Afghanistan
410:Pashayi people to convert to
1870:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
1025:"The Pashayi of Afghanistan"
579:
234:, and many are bilingual in
194:living primarily in eastern
7:
1254:Weekes, Richard V. (1984).
940:
752:organised a protest in the
713:" (meaning a can of oil in
246:, have been assimilated by
27:Ethnic group in Afghanistan
10:
2090:
1264:Greenwood Publishing Group
833:
779:squad took control of the
422:. Deishamir Baba was from
257:
2035:
2004:
1876:
1226:. ABC-CLIO. p. 217.
1089:. ABC-CLIO. p. 217.
1058:West, Barbara A. (2010).
971:worldpopulationreview.com
927:activist Noorullah Sayeed
851:, which might connote to
403:During the 18th century,
145:
140:
119:
114:
96:
91:
68:
63:
58:
53:
38:
1807:(in Persian). 2008-12-01
748:On 16 May 2023, Pashayi
171:, formerly known as the
1416:Israel Oriental Studies
791:” on platforms such as
616:which are words in the
554:, while a minority are
303:the 16th century, when
2045:Afghanistan portal
916:Former politician and
874:
1836:at Wikimedia Commons
1556:University of Chicago
1548:Lehr, Rachel (2014).
1455:Lehr, Rachel (2014).
991:Lehr, Rachel (2014).
920:activist Anisa Pashai
900:Abdul Khaliq Hussaini
872:
662:meaning “home of the
298:In the 13th century,
192:ethnolinguistic group
183:: پشهای, romanised:
141:Related ethnic groups
45:Pashai boy wearing a
1761:Ovesen, Jan (1984).
1694:Centre for Informati
1585:Henry Walter Bellew
1509:Ovesen, Jan (1984).
1470:Ovesen, Jan (1984).
1336:Ovesen, Jan (1984).
1172:Ovesen, Jan (1984).
1114:Ovesen, Jan (1984).
935:Abdul Rahman Rahmani
530:tribe, mentioned by
524:University of Durham
491:, meaning hoof, and
343:Mirza Muhammad Hakim
1424:Tel Aviv University
1291:Khanam, R. (2005).
909:Muhammad Alim Qarar
878:Notable individuals
586:Henry Walter Bellew
274:were native to the
35:
875:
594:Nangarhar Province
590:Darai Nur District
416:Darra-i Nur Valley
399:Darra-i-Nur Valley
317:Nangarhar Province
148:Indo-Aryan peoples
33:
2051:
2050:
2005:Foreign nationals
1832:Media related to
1742:www.instagram.com
1718:www.instagram.com
1381:; E. Van Donzel;
1071:978-1-4381-1913-7
1007:978-1-321-22417-7
947:Pashayi languages
892:IEC Commissioner
884:Northern Alliance
843:people and other
781:National Assembly
758:Nuristan Province
618:Pashayi languages
326:According to the
161:
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98:Pashayi languages
16:(Redirected from
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656:Alingar District
332:Nizamuddin Ahmad
328:Tabakat-i-Akbari
280:Laghman Province
264:ancient Hinduism
232:special language
206:, also parts of
135:Nizari Ismailism
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574:Nizari Isma’ili
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393:Ashkun-speaking
260:
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928:
921:
918:women’s rights
914:
911:
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879:
876:
835:
832:
801:discrimination
735:Kunar Province
690:
687:
581:
578:
534:as one of the
480:
477:
465:Pashtunization
400:
397:
381:Alingar Rivers
336:Mughal Emperor
295:civilization.
259:
256:
159:
158:
143:
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117:
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94:
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80:and northeast
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2064:Pashai people
2062:
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1877:Ethnic groups
1875:
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1834:Pashai people
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1605:پشه یی PASHAI
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1383:Bernard Lewis
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1804:
1795:
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1741:
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1717:
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1693:
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1663:
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1648:
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1619:
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1604:
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1158:
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1080:
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1029:. Retrieved
993:
970:
961:
931:Kabul Eagles
856:
837:
774:
760:against the
756:district of
747:
743:
710:
702:
692:
682:
670:
668:
663:
659:
647:
639:
635:
631:
625:
621:
613:
609:
605:
583:
542:
540:
520:Anthropology
517:
512:
508:
504:
496:
492:
488:
482:
469:
459:system, the
456:
444:
424:Kunar Valley
402:
365:
361:
353:
327:
325:
315:, a town in
297:
276:Kunar Valley
261:
184:
172:
168:
164:
162:
129:
120:
101:
30:Ethnic group
1738:"Instagram"
1714:"Instagram"
898:IEC member
853:pre-Islamic
807:and use of
768:commander,
723:Afghanistan
701:, such as "
547:, and were
485:Darra-i-Nur
441:Darra-i Nur
428:Pech Valley
252:Afghanistan
230:speaking a
196:Afghanistan
126:Sunni Islam
2058:Categories
2022:Pakistanis
1934:Nuristanis
1811:2024-03-15
1747:2024-06-03
1723:2024-06-04
1699:2024-03-06
1674:2024-03-06
1654:2024-06-24
1630:2024-03-06
1610:2024-08-09
1266:. p.
953:References
933:cricketer
907:commander
888:Hazrat Ali
886:commander
828:bacha bazi
813:femininity
362:Sifat-nama
347:Naqshbandi
300:Marco Polo
272:Nuristanis
189:Indo-Aryan
2012:Armenians
1979:Qizilbash
1779:0257-9774
1767:Anthropos
1527:0257-9774
1515:Anthropos
1488:0257-9774
1476:Anthropos
1354:0257-9774
1342:Anthropos
1190:0257-9774
1178:Anthropos
1132:0257-9774
1120:Anthropos
841:Nuristani
822:members,
750:tribesmen
739:Nuristani
727:ethnicity
707:hillbilly
695:Nangarhar
679:Nuristani
642:. In the
580:Etymology
544:Kohistani
515:Pashayi.
513:Shenganek
509:Shenganek
501:mythology
493:Shenganek
461:Darai Nur
449:Kohistani
369:Khan Gazi
313:Darai Nur
284:Jalalabad
204:Nangarhar
187:) are an
156:Nuristani
92:Languages
78:Nangarhar
2027:Russians
1984:Turkmens
1954:Punjabis
1949:Pashtuns
1787:40461864
1589:; p. 143
1535:40461864
1496:40461864
1389:(eds.).
1362:40461864
1198:40461864
1140:40461864
1031:11 April
941:See also
754:Nurgaram
711:grisband
675:Laghmani
652:Alishang
627:Pishacha
606:Baha Sha
536:Scythian
420:firearms
405:Pashtuns
377:Alishang
311:visited
293:Gandhara
268:Buddhism
240:Panjshir
228:Pashtuns
224:Panjshir
220:Nuristan
177:/pəˈʃaɪ/
130:Minority
121:Majority
115:Religion
86:Panjshir
2017:Indians
1969:Hazaras
1944:Pashayi
1939:Pamiris
1914:Gurjars
861:Pashtun
834:Culture
820:Taliban
817:Pashtun
793:Twitter
777:Taliban
770:Mawlawi
766:Taliban
762:Taliban
683:Sha’ari
660:Alingar
644:Rigveda
640:Padshāh
602:Laghman
562:Muslims
559:Ismaili
552:Muslims
528:Pasiani
522:at the
453:Pashtun
432:Shumast
395:areas.
385:Alingar
373:Laghman
282:, near
258:History
200:Laghman
181:Pashayi
165:Pashayi
107:Persian
70:Laghman
34:Pashayi
1989:Uzbeks
1974:Kyrgyz
1964:Turkic
1959:Tajiks
1929:Moghol
1899:Brahui
1894:Baloch
1785:
1777:
1533:
1525:
1494:
1486:
1426:: 153.
1360:
1352:
1299:
1274:
1230:
1196:
1188:
1138:
1130:
1093:
1068:
1004:
925:rights
845:Dardic
824:Kochis
805:pakols
797:racism
731:ISIS-K
715:Pashto
703:Sharee
671:Degano
622:Psatha
610:Bahash
598:Bamyan
556:Nizari
532:Strabo
473:Hindus
408:forced
389:Pashai
367:Darviš
307:ruler
305:Mughal
288:Ghilji
248:Tajiks
244:Parwan
236:Pashto
216:Parwan
212:Kapisa
185:Paṣhəy
169:Pashai
152:Kalash
146:Other
103:Pashto
74:Kapisa
1996:Wakhi
1904:Dalak
1889:Arabs
1884:Aimaq
1783:JSTOR
1649:HURST
1531:JSTOR
1492:JSTOR
1395:Brill
1358:JSTOR
1194:JSTOR
1136:JSTOR
998:(PDF)
864:Jirga
857:marat
719:urban
699:slurs
664:Alina
648:Alina
636:Pasha
632:Pashi
570:Tajik
566:Tajik
549:Sunni
497:sheng
437:Islam
412:Islam
339:Akbar
309:Babur
208:Kunar
173:Alina
82:Kabul
47:Pakol
1775:ISSN
1523:ISSN
1484:ISSN
1350:ISSN
1297:ISBN
1272:ISBN
1228:ISBN
1186:ISSN
1128:ISSN
1091:ISBN
1066:ISBN
1033:2019
1002:ISBN
849:goat
809:kohl
799:and
681:and
654:and
614:Bash
612:and
600:and
505:Soom
489:Soom
457:wesh
445:wesh
391:and
358:Kadi
350:Sufi
321:pork
278:and
266:and
242:and
202:and
163:The
105:and
1924:Kho
1919:Jat
1909:Dom
1268:601
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733:in
666:”.
638:or
624:or
592:of
483:In
467:".
375:to
356:of
330:of
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167:or
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