2342:
2092:, which states: "The two contracting parties, being mutually satisfied themselves each regarding the goodwill of the other and especially regarding their benevolent intentions towards the tribes residing close to their respective boundaries, hereby undertake to inform each other of any future military operations which may appear necessary for the maintenance of order among the frontier tribes residing within their respective spheres before the commencement of such operations." A supplementary letter to the Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1921 reads: "As the conditions of the Frontier tribes of the two governments are of interest to the Government of Afghanistan. I inform you that the British government entertains feelings of goodwill towards all the Frontier tribes and has every intention of treating them generously, provided they abstain from outrages against the people of India."
46:
2466:
2451:
2285:
2241:
2207:
2323:
2377:
1075:
2414:
2395:
2226:
2362:
936:
2273:
1289:
2304:
2492:
82:
1909:
1886:
1679:, Pakistan. However, all of Daoud Khan attempts failed as the Afghan army was routed with heavy casualties. Several Afghan army soldiers were also captured by Pakistani soldiers and they were paraded in front of international media which in turn caused embarrassment for Daoud Khan. As a consequence of Daoud Khan's actions, Pakistan closed its border with Afghanistan which caused economic crisis in Afghanistan. Because of continued resentment against Daoud's
2433:
1216:
2506:
70:
1898:
1338:." It said that when the British were defeated, "His Majesty the Khalifa, in agreement with allied States, will acquire guarantee for independence of the united state of Pathanistan and will provide every kind of assistance to it. Thereafter, I will not allow any interference in the country of Pathanistan." (Ahmad Chagharzai; 1989; pp. 138–139). However the efforts failed and the Afghan Amir
1921:
5046:
789:
2341:
1654:
1473:
1952:
settled in Punjab and Sindh who make up significant numbers alongside the native communities of these two provinces. In addition, there are 1.7 million Afghan refugees of whom majority are
Pashtuns. These refugees, however, are expected to leave Pakistan and settle in Afghanistan in the coming years.
1284:
area was created to further placate the
Pashtun tribesmen who never fully accepted British rule and were prone to rebellions, while the city of Peshawar was directly administered as part of a British protectorate state with full integration into the federal rule of law with the establishment of civic
3027:
A majority of
Pashtuns live south of the Hindu Kush (the 500-mile mountain range that covers northwestern Pakistan to central and eastern Pakistan) and with some Persian speaking ethnic groups. Hazaras and Tajiks live in the Hindu Kush area, and north of the Hindu Kush are Persians and Turkic ethnic
1593:
An important development in
Pakistan during the Ayub period (1958–1969) was the gradual integration into Pakistani society and the military-bureaucratic establishment. It was a period of Pakistan's political history which saw a large number of ethnic Pashtuns holding high positions in the military
1588:
as ethno-linguistic names, contrary to what he believed and strived for
Pashtunistan an independent state. During the 1950s to the late 1960s, Pashtuns were promoted to higher positions within the Pakistani government and military, thereby integrating Pashtuns into the Pakistani state and severely
1511:
claim on the entire
Pashtun-populated region. The Pashtunistan demand also served the cause of domestic Afghan politics, where several successive governments used the idea to strengthen "Pashtun ethnic support" for the state. This policy intensified ethno-linguistic rivalry between Pashtuns and
3482:
The word
Pathanistan is not Persian but Indian. It shows that the Khalifa had already acquired the consent of the Muslim leaders of India or these leaders might have motivated the Khalifa to first liberate the Pukhtuns' land (Pathanistan) to build up a strong base against the British Empire in
3457:
The name
Pakhtunistan or in soft Pashtu dialect Pashtunistan evolved originally from the Indian word Pathanistan. The very concept of Pakhtunistan was taken from the old word Pakhtunkhwa. The British, Indian leaders and even the Khudai Khidmatgars were using Pathanistan for Pakhtunistan in the
3429:
The name
Pakhtunistan or in soft Pashtu dialect Pashtunistan evolved originally from the Indian word Pathanistan. The very concept of Pakhtunistan was taken from the old word Pakhtunkhwa. Obaidullah Sindhi used Pashtania for Pashtu speaking area of his Proposed People's Republic of India or
1432:, demanding that the Pashtuns be given a choice to have an independent state of Pashtunistan composing all Pashtun majority territories of British India, instead of being made to join the new state of Pakistan. However, the British Raj refused to comply with the demand of this resolution.
2096:
The Durand Line and
Pashtunistan issues have been raised by different Afghan regimes in the past. However, it may no longer be a concern. Pashtuns are now so well integrated in Pakistani society that the majority will never opt for Pashtunistan or Afghanistan. Afghan-Pashtun refugees
1454:, which had been boycotted by the Khudai Khidmatgar movement, including Bacha Khan and then-chief minister Dr. Khan Sahib, as they were ditched by the leadership of Congress. About (99.02%) of the votes were cast in favor of Pakistan and only 2,874 (0.98%) in favor of India.
644:. Afghanistan is a reference to this land by its ethnicity, which were the Afghans, while Pashtunistan is a reference to this land by its language. Mention of this land by the name of Afghanistan predates mention by the name of Pashtunistan, which has been mentioned by
1750:
Bacha Khan who previously strived greatly for Pashtunistan later on in 1980 during an interview with an Indian journalist, Haroon Siddiqui said that the "idea of Pashtunistan never helped Pashtuns. In fact it was never a reality". He further said that "successive
1988:
There are more than 19 million Pashtuns in Afghanistan, constituting 48% of the population. Other sources say that up to 60% of Afghanistan's population is made up of ethnic Pashtuns, forming the largest ethnic group in that country. Pashto is one of the
2937:
Ghaffar Khan, who opposed the partition, chose to live in Pakistan, where he continued to fight for the rights of the Pashtun minority and for joining Afghanistan. Afghanistan means literally land of the pashtun people! the Homeland of the Pashtuns is
1263:
and the British. Poor and landlocked, newly born Afghanistan was able to defend its territory and keep both sides at bay by using them against each other. In 1893, as part of a way for fixing the limit of their respective spheres of influence, the
827:
in Pakistan. The Pashtuns are concentrated mainly in the south and east of Afghanistan but also exist in northern and western parts of the country as a minority group. In Pakistan they are concentrated in the west and north-west, inhabiting mainly
1547:
bombed a village on the Afghan side of the Durand Line. As a result of this violation, the Afghan government declared that it recognized "neither the imaginary Durand nor any similar line" and that all previous Durand Line agreements were
1695:
and declared himself the first president of Afghanistan. After seizing the power, the Daoud Khan's government started proxy war against Pakistan. Daoud Khan's government established several training camps for anti-Pakistani militants in
881:, the indigenous culture of the Pashtuns, and this pre-Islamic identity remains significant for many Pashtuns and is one of the factors that have kept the Pashtunistan issue alive. Although the Pashtuns are politically separated by the
45:
1117:
for trying to incite the Pashtuns to rebel against the rule of the Mughals. However, despite sharing a common language and believing in a common ancestry, the Pashtuns first achieved unity in the 18th century. The eastern parts of
1502:
The concept of Pashtunistan has varying meanings across Pakistan and Afghanistan. In Afghanistan, Pashtun nationalists look after the interests of the Pashtun ethnic group and have support only from them. They favor the ideas of
1649:
living in Afghanistan. Non-Pashtuns believed that the aim of reunification of Pashtuns areas was to increase the population of Pashtuns in Afghanistan. As a result, Daoud Khan was extremely unpopular with Non-Pashtun Afghans.
2630:
1723:
in order to manipulate events in the region and press the Pashtunistan issue; these plans ultimately came to nothing after the Afghan troops were defeated by Pakistani irregular forces. In support of the quasi-invasion, the
1617:
with India, and even backed Pakistan against a largely Hindu India. Further, had Pakistan been destabilized by India, nationalists would have had to fight against a much bigger country than Pakistan for their independence.
1691:. Under King Zahir Shah rule, relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan improved and Pakistan opened its border with Afghanistan. However, later on in 1973, Daoud Khan seized power from King Zahir Shah in a military
901:
Though this was common before the war on terror but after several military operations conducted in FATA, this cross border movement is checked via military and has become much less common in comparison to the past.
1598:
of the Hazara District in the Frontier. The growing participation of Pashtuns in the Pakistani Government resulted in the erosion of the support for the Pashtunistan movement in the Province by the end of the
2972:
Instead it adopted the programme of an independent "Pathanistan" — a programme calculated to strike at the very roots of the new Dominion. More recently the Pathanistan idea has been taken up by Afghanistan.
893:
area and the adjacent regions of Afghanistan, tend to ignore the border and cross back and forth with relative ease to attend weddings, family functions and take part in the joint tribal councils known as
594:
area and the adjacent regions of Afghanistan, tend to ignore the border and cross back and forth with relative ease to attend weddings, family functions and take part in the joint tribal councils known as
3921:
1948:
with about 16% of the population, totaling over 30 million. This figure only includes the native Pashto speaking inhabitants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Northern Balochistan, and does not include the
1731:
Pakistani government decided to retaliate against the Afghan government's Pashtunistan policy by supporting Non-Pashtun opponents of the Afghan government including future Mujaheddin leaders like
586:, the indigenous culture of the Pashtuns, and this remains significant for many Pashtuns. Although the Pashtuns are politically separated by the Durand Line between Pakistan and Afghanistan, many
4834:
4405:
577:, formerly an autonomous buffer zone with Afghanistan, were also merged into the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (previously known as the NWFP), fully integrating the region with Pakistan proper.
1169:"Da Dili takht herauma cheh rayad kam zama da khkule Pukhtunkhwa da ghre saroona". Translation: "I forget the throne of Delhi when I recall the mountain peaks of my beautiful Pukhtunkhwa."
2240:
2955:
The Afghan Government is actively sympathetic towards their demand for a Pathanistan. It has been declared by the Afghan Parliament that Afghanistan does not recognise the Durand line...
1953:
Three Pakistani presidents belonged to the Pashtun ethnic group. Pashtuns continue to occupy important places in the military and politics, with the former Prime Minister of Pakistan
1671:
stated that "Daoud Khan only exploited the idea of reunification of Pashtun people to meet his own political ends". In 1960 and later in 1961, Daoud Khan made two attempts to capture
1398:
from a political point of view, the Pashtuns living in the NWFP desired independence from India. However, the Bacha Khan wanted the Pashtuns areas in British India to remain part of
2640:
1739:. This operation was remarkably successful, and by 1977 the Afghan government of Daoud Khan was willing to settle all outstanding issues in exchange for a lifting of the ban on the
446:, the Durand Line now forms the internationally recognized border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. The traditional Pashtun homeland stretches roughly from the areas south of the
1364:
proposed an alliance with neutral Afghanistan in order to destabilize British control over the north-west of its domain in India. In return, the Afghans sought that NWFP and the
3430:
Saro-Rajia-i-Hind (Obaidullah's letter to Iqbal Shaidai on 22 June 1924), Muhammad Aslam, Maulana Obaidullah Sindhi Kay Siasi Maktubat, Lahore: Niduatal Musanifeen, 1966, p. 34
1625:, who was the-then prime minister of Afghanistan supported a nationalistic reunification of the Pashtuns in Pakistan with Afghanistan. He wanted Pashtun-dominated areas like
6220:
2185:(the wife of Khan Abdul Wali Khan) declared in an interview: "I want an identity. I want the name to change so that Pathans may be identified on the map of Pakistan..."
1833:
2284:
3719:
3330:
1743:
and a commitment towards provincial autonomy for Pashtuns, which was already guaranteed by Pakistan's Constitution, but stripped by the Bhutto government when the
917:
in other Pakistani cities and provinces. In the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan, Pashto speakers constitute above 73 percent of the population as of 1998.
4505:
4461:
2465:
2021:
2206:
1357:. The British government wavered between reassuring the Afghan to the rejection of their role and insistence that NWFP was an integral part of British India.
1353:, the Afghan government made repeated attempts to ensure that any debate about the independence of India must include Afghanistan's role in the future of the
6225:
3929:
2601:
1512:
non-Pashtuns in the country. These claims are contested in Pakistan, where Pashtun politics centers on political autonomy rather than irredentist politics.
6193:
5028:
5146:
2085:. According to historic sources, Afghan tribes did not appear in Peshawar valley until after 800 AD, when the Islamic conquest of this area took place.
6896:
2322:
1285:
amenities and the construction of railway, road infrastructure as well as educational institutes to bring the region at par with the developed world.
1763:
also talked about the idea of Pashtunistan and caused trouble for Pakistan. He also said that "Pashtun people greatly suffered because of all this."
4856:
2376:
2450:
2138:. Ghaffar Khan stated in the Pakistan Constituent Assembly in 1948 that he simply wanted "the renaming of his province as Pashtunistan same like
2744:
1770:
recognised Durand Line as international border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. He made this declaration while he was on an official visit to
691:; for there is nothing there but Afghans and disturbances." Thus it is clear that for this reason the people of the country call their home in
3671:
Pashto, which is mainly spoken south of the mountain range of the Hindu Kush, is reportedly the mother tongue of 60% of the Afghan population.
3282:
Pashto, which is mainly spoken south of the mountain range of the Hindu Kush, is reportedly the mother tongue of 60% of the Afghan population.
1589:
weakening secessionist sentiments to the point that by the mid-1960s, popular support for an independent Pashtunistan had all but disappeared.
6198:
3470:
2759:
2394:
1854:
in 1992, Afghan governments had favored Pashto in the media and over 50% of Afghan media was in Pashto. After 1992 with the formation of the
454:
in Pakistan; it predominantly comprises the southwestern, eastern and some northern and western districts of Afghanistan, as well as most of
4842:
3386:
852:. The main language spoken in the delineated Pashtunistan region is Pashto. Depending on the region other languages are also spoken such as
5753:
2077:
Afghanistan makes its claim on the Pashtun areas on the ground that it served as the Pashtun seat of power since 1709 with the rise of the
1441:
1157:
After the death of Nader Shah in 1747 and the disintegration of his massive empire, Ahmad Shah Durrani created his own large and powerful
3825:
1974:
1848:
1527:
for the local Pashtun inhabitants of the area. At first, Afghanistan became the only government to oppose the entry of Pakistan into the
435:
6840:
5108:
4199:
2105:
for more than 30 years. Threat perceptions about Afghanistan need re-evaluation so that suitable changes are made in our Afghan policy.
2413:
2001:
is the national dress of Afghanistan. Since the late 19th century, the traditional Pashtunistan region has gradually expanded to the
1700:
and Kandahar with the aim of training and arming those militants to carry out their activities against Pakistan. On the other hand,
1243:
in Afghanistan, the Pashtun domains began to shrink as they lost control over other parts of South Asia to the British, such as the
6306:
5906:
3106:
509:
in the region. During this time, the eastern parts of Pashtunistan were ruled by the Mughals while the western parts were ruled by
1142:
and other parts of what is now southern Afghanistan independent. By 1738 the Mughal Empire had been crushingly defeated and their
6532:
5139:
2984:
6454:
6091:
1161:, which included all of modern-day Afghanistan, North east Iran, Sindh, Punjab, Baluchistan and Kashmir. The famous couplet by
4548:
6139:
5461:
4784:
4261:
3963:
3658:
3529:
3269:
3140:
3020:
2720:
6814:
6240:
4310:
Cultural Histories of Pashtun Nationalism, Public Participation, and Social Inequality in Monarchic Afghanistan, 1905-1960
6485:
6081:
6076:
6006:
4135:
3782:
1492:
574:
4168:
4108:
6689:
6669:
6515:
6101:
5334:
5132:
3744:
2028:
1851:
1821:
1809:
1790:
1532:
1467:
770:, started using the word "Pathanistan" to refer to the region, and later, the word "Pashtunistan" became more popular.
6901:
6565:
5443:
4892:
4665:
4640:
4613:
4586:
4444:
4295:
4224:
4145:
4092:
3955:
3905:
3878:
3694:
3597:
3564:
3305:
3208:
3175:
2930:
2900:
2835:
2808:
2361:
1556:
when took an oath of allegiance to Pakistan in 1948 in legislation assembly and during his speech he was asked by PM
1206:
1036:
arrived in the 13th century and began destroying cities in the north while the Pashtun territory was defended by the
4214:
2088:
Agreements cited by the Afghan government as proof of their claim over the Pashtun tribes include Article 11 of the
1368:
would be ceded to the Kingdom of Afghanistan with German military aid, so that it could gain valuable access to the
6071:
5349:
5293:
4754:
2272:
1841:
3868:
2857:
2609:
6906:
6659:
5770:
5580:
2303:
2188:
On 31 March 2010, Pakistan's Constitutional Reform Committee agreed that the province be named and recognized as
1002:
6654:
6268:
5247:
4993:
1315:
699:. But it occurs to me, that when, under the rule of Muhammadan sovereigns, Musulmans first came to the city of
6757:
6664:
5805:
3495:
2569:
2225:
1709:
1350:
6911:
6684:
6674:
6649:
6527:
5380:
5256:
4758:
4487:
4360:
4137:
A Century of Crisis and Conflict in the International System: Theory and Evidence: Intellectual Odyssey III
3394:
3355:
2036:
1859:
1327:
820:
763:
542:
1687:
and economic downturn caused by the blockade imposed by Pakistan, Daoud Khan was forced to resign by King
533:
in 1747. In the 19th century, however, the Afghan Empire lost large parts of its eastern territory to the
6881:
6679:
6210:
5973:
5201:
4958:
2767:
2125:
2089:
1969:. In addition to this, some Pashtun media, music and cultural activities are based out of Pakistan, with
627:
554:
393:
3387:"The History of India, Volume 6, chpt. 200, Translation of the Introduction to Firishta's History (p.8)"
2432:
6798:
6348:
6106:
5177:
4916:
4323:
1614:
1610:
443:
1074:
687:
of the Kohistan (the mountains), and how matters stood there, they said, "Don't call it Kohistan, but
6916:
6740:
6338:
6132:
5645:
5515:
5395:
5375:
5370:
5365:
4084:
3803:
1725:
1476:
906:
824:
603:
475:
51:
5109:
https://web.archive.org/web/20150907205431/http://www.apsa.info/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/SSA-1.pdf
6434:
6086:
5901:
2574:
1990:
1958:
1704:
and his followers continued their guerilla war against the Pakistani government from their base in
1395:
910:
607:
566:
2772:
1609:
Afghanistan and Pashtun nationalists did not exploit Pakistan's vulnerability during the nation's
1280:) was created and roughly corresponded to Pashtun majority regions within the British domain. The
6328:
6046:
6016:
5996:
5790:
5191:
3398:
2135:
952:
4810:
3619:
3554:
3230:
3165:
6774:
6469:
6230:
6066:
6036:
5978:
5785:
5339:
4377:
4287:
4060:
3829:
3060:
1994:
984:
964:
926:
431:
4436:
The Wars of Afghanistan:Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflict, and the Failures of Great Powers
4251:
3684:
3648:
3295:
3259:
2890:
2825:
2798:
442:
and leaving about half of historical Pashtun territory under British colonial rule; after the
6577:
6544:
6495:
6412:
6258:
6096:
5868:
5685:
5436:
5405:
5400:
5297:
5207:
4074:
3587:
3519:
3198:
3130:
3010:
2251:
2212:
2151:
2147:
2067:
1828:
the sole language of the Afghan government and the lingua franca, they did so by undermining
1630:
1585:
1581:
1480:
1380:
1265:
1086:
833:
745:
558:
459:
3922:"باچا خان مرکز میں کلاسیکل محفل موسیقی' نامور گلوکاروں سمیت نئے چہروں نے آواز کا جادو جگایا"
1594:
and the bureaucracy. Ayub himself was a non-Pashto speaking ethnic Pashtun belonging to the
1193:
army in the early part of the 19th century, but a few years later they were defeated by the
6891:
6886:
6844:
6628:
6439:
6263:
6205:
6177:
6125:
5344:
5217:
3445:
2529:
2382:
2167:
2159:
2131:
2020:
Important government positions in Afghanistan have historically been held by Pashtuns. The
1740:
1716:
1451:
1447:
1330:
were in favour of the delegation and wanted the Amir to declare Jihad. Kazim Bey carried a
1106:
570:
562:
391:, and identity have been based. Alternative names historically used for the region include
3542:
Even within the largest ethnic group, the Pashtuns (about 50 percent of the population)...
3153:
Even within the largest ethnic group, the Pashtuns (about 50 percent of the population)...
2698:
1326:; some revolutionaries, tribals, and Afghan leaders including a brother of the Amir named
1150:. Besides Persian, Turkmen, and Caucasian forces, Nader was also accompanied by the young
8:
6793:
6644:
6616:
6609:
6522:
6422:
6417:
5943:
5670:
5660:
5655:
5615:
5535:
5262:
5232:
5227:
5187:
4492:
3777:
3508:
Ahmed, Feroz (1998) Ethnicity and politics in Pakistan. Karachi. Oxford University Press.
3119:
Ahmed, Feroz (1998) Ethnicity and politics in Pakistan. Karachi. Oxford University Press.
2559:
2519:
2098:
2025:
1845:
1801:
1767:
1760:
1756:
1732:
1712:
1657:
930:
736:
688:
641:
619:
338:
228:
4578:
4027:
3769:
2631:"Afghanistan population: 30,419,928 (July 2012 est.) [Pashtun 42%] = 12,776,369"
6824:
6819:
6505:
6396:
6376:
6162:
6021:
6011:
5848:
5625:
5585:
5570:
5560:
5540:
5314:
5288:
5242:
5212:
5182:
4910:
4009:
4001:
2738:
2663:
2635:
2497:
2332:
2295:
2263:
2189:
2102:
2071:
2055:
1933:
1901:
1874:
1813:
1736:
1676:
1661:
1626:
1553:
1544:
1516:
1354:
1277:
1248:
1162:
1151:
1082:
829:
804:
796:
645:
546:
522:
455:
309:
2697:
Various spellings result from different pronunciation in various Pashto dialects. See
1755:
have exploited the idea for their own political ends". It was only towards the end of
6712:
6621:
6429:
6296:
6289:
6061:
6051:
5953:
5896:
5665:
5595:
5545:
5520:
5390:
5278:
5252:
4989:
4932:(1898) Tarikh-e-Farishtah; Notes on Afghanistan; Peshawar District Gazetteer 1897-98.
4898:
4888:
4881:
4709:
4661:
4636:
4609:
4582:
4440:
4291:
4257:
4220:
4193:
4141:
4088:
4013:
3993:
3959:
3951:
3950:
Roberts, J(2003) The origins of conflict in Afghanistan. Greenwood Publishing Group,
3901:
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3016:
2926:
2896:
2831:
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2726:
2716:
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2442:
2174:
kistan". However, this name has failed to capture political support in the province.
1937:
1866:
1540:
1463:
1425:
1376:
1269:
1228:
1130:
as their easternmost provinces. During the early 18th century, Pashtun tribes led by
960:
948:
812:
767:
623:
550:
356:
224:
36:
5012:
4406:"Everything in Afghanistan is done in the name of religion: Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan"
3850:
1800:
who would go on to "reopen the Pashtunistan wound". In 1979 under General Secretary
1692:
836:. In addition, communities of Pashtuns are found in other parts of Pakistan such as
6599:
6301:
6235:
6026:
6001:
5963:
5838:
5760:
5705:
5700:
5575:
5510:
5489:
5429:
5385:
5222:
5197:
4701:
4545:
4279:
3985:
3360:
2863:
2554:
2539:
2475:
2386:
2348:
2139:
2051:
1573:
1569:
1561:
1557:
1488:
1429:
1411:
1311:
1252:
1240:
1024:
serving as the second power house. The Ghaznavid Empire was then taken over by the
935:
914:
861:
845:
841:
631:
610:, which does not include Pashtun diaspora in other Pakistani cities and provinces.
479:
348:
220:
216:
204:
190:
6848:
6752:
6730:
6707:
6582:
6560:
6539:
6510:
6500:
6490:
6172:
6167:
6041:
6031:
5828:
5733:
5728:
5720:
5650:
5565:
5505:
5484:
5063:
5053:
5008:
4630:
4603:
4552:
4434:
4344:
4308:
4078:
4054:
3895:
2511:
2404:
2367:
2182:
1870:
1782:
1680:
1672:
1524:
1372:. Such a plan would require annexation of NWFP, Baluchistan and Sindh provinces.
1365:
1339:
1300:
1273:
1236:
1224:
1135:
1094:
1065:
1045:
980:
865:
857:
721:
526:
502:
423:
384:
368:
329:
208:
156:
4571:
1101:
and various, largely Sunni, Hanafi-jurisprudential driven Turkic dynasties from
703:, and dwelt there, the people of India (for that reason) called them Patans—but
649:
6788:
6604:
6572:
6343:
6333:
6313:
6284:
6056:
5853:
5813:
5775:
5748:
5610:
5530:
4522:
3066:
2564:
2216:
2082:
2078:
1966:
1949:
1913:
1890:
1836:
was only in Pashto and not Dari with non-Pashtuns being required to sing it in
1528:
1391:
1346:
1307:
1296:
1260:
1220:
1197:, the new powerful empire which reached the Pashtunistan region from the east.
1178:
1174:
1158:
1069:
1037:
1025:
988:
886:
808:
792:
783:
730:
680:
661:
587:
538:
530:
140:
3989:
3976:
Hauner, Milan L. (1982). "Afghanistan between the Great Powers, 1938 - 1945".
1288:
1165:
describes the association the people have with the regional city of Kandahar:
951:, the region now inhabited by the native Pashtun people had been conquered by
6875:
6769:
6449:
6386:
6381:
6360:
5858:
5843:
5695:
5620:
5550:
5479:
5410:
4929:
4902:
4713:
4175:
4117:
3997:
3748:
2800:
Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia
2730:
2471:
2177:
There was support, however, to rename North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) as
2114:
who has served in senior intelligence postings in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and FATA
2006:
1998:
1720:
1531:
in 1947, although it was reversed a few months later. On July 26, 1949, when
1399:
1244:
1181:
as well as many other ethnic groups. Parts of the Pashtunistan region around
1154:, and 4,000 well trained Abdali Pashtun troops from what is now Afghanistan.
1143:
1131:
1123:
1110:
1029:
1010:
996:
992:
972:
968:
696:
514:
506:
467:
199:
132:
5124:
4727:
1653:
6735:
5968:
5765:
5680:
5640:
5630:
5605:
5600:
5555:
5469:
4327:
2549:
2400:
1701:
1684:
1417:
1361:
1186:
1033:
518:
510:
360:
144:
2130:
Prominent 20th century proponents of the Pashtunistan cause have included
553:
movement to free the region from British control. In 1969, the autonomous
6587:
6464:
6459:
6444:
6353:
6323:
6148:
5958:
5863:
5823:
5738:
5690:
5675:
5421:
5237:
5155:
5093:
5059:
4506:
The legendary guerilla Faqir of Ipi unremembered on his 115th anniversary
4466:
2579:
2544:
2328:
2309:
2291:
2063:
2047:
1929:
1817:
1752:
1520:
1508:
1496:
1369:
1335:
1210:
1194:
1190:
976:
882:
877:
759:
657:
637:
582:
534:
471:
451:
427:
419:
376:
87:
4762:
4378:"Daoud's Footprints: how Afghanistan's First President Influences Ghani"
1908:
1885:
487:
58:-inhabited areas shown in green and shared with neighbouring Afghanistan
6860:
6856:
6852:
6779:
6745:
6215:
5833:
5818:
5780:
5590:
5474:
5114:
4689:
3041:
2868:
2673:
2534:
2419:
2231:
1970:
1954:
1688:
1668:
1633:
to become part of Afghanistan. However, his policy of reunification of
1622:
1549:
1536:
1523:
proposed merging with Afghanistan or creating Pashtunistan as a future
1421:
1384:
1292:
1256:
1147:
1078:
1013:
753:
498:
494:
439:
364:
314:
245:
240:
148:
4555:
Interview of Maj. Gen. (Retd.) Naseerullah Khan Babar, by A. H. Amin.
4005:
3804:"Kingdoms of South Asia – Afghanistan (Southern Khorasan / Arachosia)"
3012:
Vortex of Conflict: U.S. Policy Toward Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iraq
1215:
1009:
to the native Pashtun people. The Pashtunistan area later fell to the
905:
Depending on the source, the ethnic Pashtuns constitute 42-60% of the
602:
Depending on the source, the ethnic Pashtuns constitute 42-60% of the
6762:
6318:
5710:
5635:
5525:
5024:
2713:
Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia : An Encyclopedia
2686:
Ethnic population: 49,529,000 possibly total Pashto in all countries.
2438:
2313:
2111:
2024:
was also traditionally dominated by Pashtuns however the fall of the
2002:
1771:
1472:
1114:
940:
849:
483:
447:
289:
235:
4705:
3107:"The Fata merger: What's happening now and what should happen next?"
2602:"Pakistan population: 187,342,721 [Pashtun (Pathan) 15.42%]"
1897:
1560:
about Pashtunistan to which he replied that it's just a name to the
1146:
by forces of a new Iranian ruler; the military genius and commander
5452:
5282:
3382:
1978:
1945:
1944:
Pashtuns in Pakistan make up the second largest ethnic group after
1794:
1775:
1744:
1634:
1565:
1388:
1334:
from the Khalifa in Persian. It was addressed to "the residents of
1182:
1139:
1127:
779:
712:
668:
653:
573:
were merged into the Pakistani NWFP. In 2018, the Pashtun-majority
380:
372:
344:
274:
259:
124:
75:
55:
4053:
Ali Shah, Sayyid Vaqar (1993). Marwat, Fazal-ur-Rahim Khan (ed.).
3517:
3128:
1759:
regime that he stopped talking about Pashtunistan. Later on, even
5921:
4887:. Giustozzi, Antonio. New York: Columbia University Press. 2009.
4632:
Humanitarian Invasion: Global Development in Cold War Afghanistan
3458:
beginning, but later on they started using the word Pakhtunistan.
2247:
2059:
2043:
1982:
1646:
1098:
684:
284:
152:
3635:
Paṧtō (1) is the native tongue of 50 to 55 percent of Afghans...
3246:
Paṧtō (1) is the native tongue of 50 to 55 percent of Afghans...
6592:
5743:
5062:, you may see unjoined letters or other symbols instead of
4777:
2423:
2163:
2032:
2014:
1925:
1855:
1837:
1825:
1705:
1642:
1638:
1595:
1515:
Since the late 1940s with the dissolution of British India and
1484:
1331:
1319:
1306:
During World War I, the Afghan government was contacted by the
1021:
1017:
816:
692:
676:
513:. Pashtunistan first gained an autonomous status in 1709, when
463:
388:
294:
279:
269:
264:
212:
195:
182:
170:
136:
6117:
4883:
Decoding the new Taliban : insights from the Afghan field
4857:"Afghan government continues to lose ground to Taliban: SIGAR"
3707:
Over 60 percent of the population in Afghanistan is Pashtun...
3473:. Khyber Gateway. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013
3318:
Over 60 percent of the population in Afghanistan is Pashtun...
3094:
Pakistan and the emergence of Islamic militancy in Afghanistan
2915:
5795:
2524:
2352:
2259:
2255:
2143:
1805:
1797:
1786:
1697:
1577:
1323:
1105:, India. An early Pashtun nationalist was the "Warrior-poet"
1102:
1059:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1006:
956:
895:
837:
704:
700:
664:
606:. In neighboring Pakistan they constitute 18 percent of over
596:
304:
299:
3870:
Identity and Religion: Foundations of Anti-Islamism in India
2758:
Roddy, Stephen J.; Sharma, Shalendra D., eds. (1 May 2002).
1920:
1719:
across the poorly-demarcated Durand Line into the Pakistani
1342:
maintained Afghanistan's neutrality throughout World War I.
811:(also known as Pakhtuns, Pathans and historically as ethnic
683:
also went home; and whenever they were questioned about the
521:. The Pashtuns later achieved unity under the leadership of
430:, fixing the limits of the spheres of influence between the
2010:
2005:
in the north. However, most Pashtun living in north of the
1985:
is believed to host the largest concentration of Pashtuns.
1829:
1728:
engaged in an intense propaganda war via radio broadcasts.
1281:
1138:
in the city of Kandahar. In a chain of events, he declared
909:. In neighboring Pakistan they constitute 15.42 percent of
890:
869:
853:
788:
591:
186:
178:
1789:
military officers in 1978 leading to the formation of the
3720:"Why Pakistan's Pashtun Minority Won't Be Easily Crushed"
3381:
3331:"Why Pakistan's Pashtun Minority Won't Be Easily Crushed"
2608:. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). 2011. Archived from
758:). The concept of Pashtunistan was inspired by the term "
735:) evolved originally from the Indian word "Pathanistan" (
3518:
Janda, Kenneth; Jeffrey M. Berry; Jerry Goldman (2008).
3129:
Janda, Kenneth; Jeffrey M. Berry; Jerry Goldman (2008).
648:
in his famous couplet, by 6th-century Indian astronomer
4253:
Afghanistan from the Cold War Through the War on Terror
3682:
3427:. Institute for Conflict Management. 2007. p. 59.
3293:
2985:"Hindi music 'has roots in Hindu Kush's Pashtoon belt'"
2046:
are ethnic Pashtuns, with past Pashtun leaders such as
1977:. Pashto cinema is based out of the Pakistani city of
2192:. This is now the official name for the former NWFP.
2154:
as ethno-linguistic names, Another name mentioned is
1394:. While the Red Shirts were willing to work with the
1276:. In 1905, the North-West Frontier Province (today's
1177:
was established in 1747 and united all the different
1048:
was in control of the nearby cities and towns, until
4835:"Afghan Geodesy and Cartography Head Office (AGCHO)"
4658:
Afghanistan’s Two-Party Communism: Parcham and Khalq
2892:
E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936
2487:
1126:, while the western parts were ruled by the Persian
4459:
4338:
4336:
3559:. Government Printing Office. 1955. p. 10088.
3170:. Government Printing Office. 1955. p. 10088.
2639:. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Archived from
1457:
1379:(also known as the "Red Shirts") were members of a
4880:
4570:
4212:
3646:
3257:
4605:Revolution Unending: Afghanistan, 1979 to present
3585:
3521:The Challenge of Democracy: Government in America
3196:
3132:The Challenge of Democracy: Government in America
1255:were fought as part of the overall imperialistic
1005:arrived in the 7th century and began introducing
6873:
5107:in Spotlight South Asia, No. 1, ISSN 2195-2787 (
4523:"Afghanistan - Daoud as Prime Minister, 1953-63"
4333:
4249:
4219:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 108–109.
2925:. Vol. 1–5. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2000.
4133:
4073:
3463:
4546:"Remembering Our Warriors: Babar 'the great'."
4400:
4398:
4101:
3747:. Government of Pakistan. 1998. Archived from
3650:Concise encyclopedia of languages of the world
3440:
3438:
3261:Concise encyclopedia of languages of the world
2710:
1318:, to join the Central Allies on behalf of the
943:and inhabited by a people called the Pactyans.
720:The Pashto name Pakhtunistan or Pashtunistan (
517:successfully revolted against the Safavids in
505:assembled Pashtun armies to fight against the
6133:
5437:
5154:
5140:
4376:Saeedi, Sayed Ziafatullah (7 November 2018).
3823:
2623:
2596:
2594:
2170:" pamphlet stands for the second letter in "P
5121:. Oxford University Press. pp. 464–465.
4690:"The Decline of the Pashtuns in Afghanistan"
4364:Pakistan: Partition and Military Succession.
4330:(1997), Library of Congress Country Studies.
4275:
4273:
4245:
4243:
3978:International Journal of Middle East Studies
3586:Taylor, William J. Jr.; Abraham Kim (2000).
3524:(9 ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 46.
3197:Taylor, William J. Jr.; Abraham Kim (2000).
3135:(9 ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 46.
3008:
3002:
2895:. Vol. 2. Leipzig: BRILL. p. 150.
1766:In 1976, the then president of Afghanistan,
1442:1947 North-West Frontier Province referendum
1387:claimed to have been inspired by the Indian
398:
5105:Waziristan: Solutions for a Troubled Region
5098:South Asian Insecurity and the Great Powers
4635:. Cambridge University Press. p. 125.
4568:
4395:
3435:
2882:
2757:
1483:from 1958 to 1969, belonged to the Pashtun
995:, and others. In recent age, people of the
6140:
6126:
5451:
5444:
5430:
5147:
5133:
4785:"Punja Sahib: The Miracle at Hassan Abdal"
4601:
4460:Venkataramakrishnan, Rohan (19 May 2013).
4453:
4256:. Oxford University Press. pp. 367–.
3419:
3417:
3415:
3287:
3042:"Controversial Proposal Of 'Pashtunistan'"
2743:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2591:
2181:(which translates as "area of Pashtuns").
1824:. The Khalqist regime also sought to make
1507:or "Greater Afghanistan", and maintain an
1060:Delhi Sultanate and the last Afghan Empire
740:
6897:Pashto-speaking countries and territories
4983:
4817:, Central Intelligence Agency, 2024-02-01
4608:. Hurst & Co. Publisher. p. 84.
4270:
4240:
4063:: Emjay Books International. p. 256.
3893:
3686:September 11, 2001: feminist perspectives
3683:Hawthorne, Susan; Bronwyn Winter (2002).
3676:
3297:September 11, 2001: feminist perspectives
3294:Hawthorne, Susan; Bronwyn Winter (2002).
3088:
3086:
3084:
3015:. Stanford University Press. p. 36.
2960:
2655:
1085:in 1747 by a 20th-century Afghan artist,
939:The area during 500 B.C. was recorded as
5090:. Islamabad Institute of Policy Studies.
5083:by Mubarak Chagharzai. pp. 138–139.
4940:
4938:
4660:. Hoover Institution Press. p. 77.
4080:Culture, Conflict, and Counterinsurgency
4052:
3375:
2850:
1919:
1907:
1896:
1884:
1880:
1834:Afghan anthem under the communist regime
1652:
1471:
1287:
1214:
1073:
934:
787:
636:The name used for the region during the
450:in Afghanistan to the areas west of the
5119:The Pathans, with an Epilogue on Russia
5088:National Language Movements of Pakistan
4752:
4342:
3944:
3412:
3190:
2888:
2796:
1435:
1360:During World War II, the government of
885:between Pakistan and Afghanistan, many
462:in Pakistan. The region is bordered by
6874:
4755:"The Troubled Afghan-Pakistani Border"
4683:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4655:
4559:. April 2001. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
4432:
4428:
4426:
4375:
4216:The Origins of Conflict in Afghanistan
4198:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3975:
3579:
3348:
3122:
3081:
2943:
1997:is recited in Pashto language and the
493:The 16th-century revolutionary leader
16:Region inhabited by the Pashtun people
6121:
5425:
5128:
4986:A History of Pakistan and Its Origins
4935:
4687:
4628:
4306:
4127:
3866:
3511:
3058:
2970:. Vol. 184. F.C. Westley. 1950.
2661:
2119:
2081:followed by the establishment of the
1200:
4959:"Re-evaluation of our Afghan policy"
4488:The Faqir of Ipi of North Waziristan
3647:Brown, Keith; Sarah Ogilvie (2009).
3258:Brown, Keith; Sarah Ogilvie (2009).
3039:
2858:"The History of Herodotus Chapter 7"
2823:
2797:Minahan, James B. (30 August 2012).
1871:Afghans including non-Pashtun people
1812:changed the official map to include
1097:era, the region was ruled by mainly
1044:. In the 14th and 15th century, the
773:
501:and the 17th-century "warrior-poet"
5076:. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
5029:Consensus reached on renaming NWFP
5013:Pakistan debates key amendment bill
4753:Bajoria, Jayshree (20 March 2009).
4674:
4423:
3817:
3783:Library of Congress Country Studies
3724:American Enterprise Institute - AEI
3335:American Enterprise Institute - AEI
2867:. The History Files. Archived from
2817:
2711:Minahan, James (10 February 2014).
2031:in 1992 led to the creation of the
1862:, this number dropped drastically.
1820:as new "frontier provinces" of the
1405:
819:ethnic group. They are the largest
725:
575:Federally Administered Tribal Areas
399:
352:
333:
13:
5074:Ethnicity and politics in Pakistan
5037:
4649:
4250:Barnett R. Rubin (25 March 2015).
3897:Afghanistan: A History of Conflict
3867:Misra, Amalendu (30 August 2004).
3796:
2889:Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (1987).
2674:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
2278:Watapur District of Kunar Province
1791:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
1134:successfully revolted against the
999:have nominally explored the area.
640:and up until the 20th century was
14:
6928:
3009:Dan Caldwell (17 February 2011).
2830:. Sarup & Sons. p. 273.
2201:Images of the Pashtunistan region
1991:official languages of Afghanistan
1402:instead of gaining independence.
1268:was signed between Afghan "Iron"
1239:and the establishment of the new
1207:European influence in Afghanistan
613:
5350:Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
5100:, London: Macmillan. p. 73.
5044:
4284:"The Security of Southwest Asia"
3894:Griffiths, John Charles (2001).
3592:. DIANE Publishing. p. 58.
3203:. DIANE Publishing. p. 58.
3059:Shane, Scott (5 December 2009).
2504:
2490:
2464:
2449:
2431:
2412:
2393:
2375:
2360:
2340:
2321:
2302:
2283:
2271:
2239:
2224:
2205:
1629:and Baloch-dominated areas like
1539:was held in Afghanistan after a
1458:Independence of Pakistan in 1947
656:, 14th-century Moroccan scholar
545:emerged from the region include
80:
68:
44:
6147:
5018:
5002:
4977:
4951:
4923:
4873:
4849:
4827:
4803:
4746:
4720:
4622:
4595:
4562:
4539:
4515:
4499:
4481:
4462:"Send Section 66A bullies home"
4369:
4353:
4317:
4300:
4206:
4161:
4067:
4046:
4020:
3969:
3914:
3887:
3860:
3843:
3762:
3737:
3712:
3689:. Spinifex Press. p. 225.
3640:
3612:
3589:Asian Security to the Year 2000
3547:
3502:
3323:
3300:. Spinifex Press. p. 225.
3251:
3223:
3200:Asian Security to the Year 2000
3158:
3113:
3099:
3052:
3033:
2977:
2953:. Prabasi Press Private. 1949.
6102:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
4984:Jaffrelot, Christophe (2002).
4346:Taḥrīk-i āzādī aur Bācā K̲h̲ān
4134:Michael Brecher (2017-07-25).
3770:"Country Profile: Afghanistan"
2790:
2751:
2704:
2691:
1865:Following the outbreak of the
1637:antagonized Non-Pashtuns like
1535:were rapidly deteriorating, a
1533:Afghanistan–Pakistan relations
1468:Afghanistan–Pakistan relations
652:, 7th-century Chinese pilgrim
1:
6406:Eastern and Southeastern Asia
4988:. Anthem Press. p. 312.
4573:Afghanistan: A Modern History
4349:. Fiction House. p. 226.
3851:"You are being redirected..."
3745:"Pakistan Census report 1998"
3471:"The Problem of Pukhtunistan"
2715:. Santa Barbara, California.
2585:
2570:Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party
2058:. The current leaders of the
1975:Pashto TV channel in Pakistan
1351:1946 Cabinet Mission to India
1235:Following the decline of the
848:and in the nation's capital,
543:Indian independence activists
102:
5381:Indian independence movement
4759:Council on Foreign Relations
4688:Ahady, Anwar-ul-Haq (1995).
4569:Rasanayagam, Angelo (2005).
4056:Afghanistan and the Frontier
3826:"Afghanistan – VII. History"
3395:Packard Humanities Institute
3046:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
2951:The Modern Review, Volume 86
2760:"Asia Pacific: Perspectives"
2037:Islamic State of Afghanistan
1869:in Afghanistan, millions of
1860:Islamic State of Afghanistan
1109:, who was imprisoned by the
695:Afghanistan, and themselves
7:
5974:Names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
5335:Balawaristan National Front
4602:Dorronsoro, Gilles (2005).
4213:Jeffrey J. Roberts (2003).
3785:on Afghanistan. August 2008
3446:"Pashtu Literature Part II"
2768:University of San Francisco
2483:
2126:Names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
2090:Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1921
1345:Similarly, during the 1942
1259:that was waged between the
1032:, Afghanistan. The army of
821:ethnic group in Afghanistan
628:Names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
10:
6933:
6479:Central and Eastern Europe
6107:War in North-West Pakistan
6067:Afghan War of Independence
5096:and Rizvi, Gowher (1986),
3620:"AFGHANISTAN v. Languages"
3231:"AFGHANISTAN v. Languages"
2923:Students' Britannica India
2195:
2123:
1768:Sardar Mohammed Daoud Khan
1461:
1439:
1409:
1316:Niedermayer–Hentig Mission
1204:
1063:
1016:whose main capital was at
924:
920:
911:the 200 million population
799:to the Pashtunistan region
777:
617:
608:the 241 million population
444:partition of British India
117: • Ethnic groups
6841:Border changes since 1914
6833:
6807:
6723:
6700:
6637:
6553:
6478:
6405:
6369:
6277:
6251:
6186:
6155:
5987:
5934:
5914:
5890:
5877:
5804:
5719:
5646:Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai
5516:Malak Ahmad Khan Yusufzai
5498:
5460:
5396:Punjabi Language Movement
5376:Bengali language movement
5371:Bangladesh Liberation War
5366:Insurgency in Balochistan
5358:
5327:
5307:
5271:
5170:
5163:
4728:"Afghanistan (1978–1992)"
4110:Electoral History of NWFP
4085:Stanford University Press
3990:10.1017/S002074380005217X
3928:(in Urdu). Archived from
3883:– via Google Books.
3494:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3383:Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah
3061:"The War in Pashtunistan"
2813:– via Google Books.
2699:Pashto language: Dialects
2158:where the initial "A" in
2062:include Pashtuns such as
1144:capital sacked and looted
913:, which does not include
907:population of Afghanistan
667:, 16th-century historian
604:population of Afghanistan
488:Tajik-inhabited territory
252:
234:
162:
116:
111:
98:
93:
63:
52:ethnic groups in Pakistan
43:
34:
24:
6902:Pashto words and phrases
6516:unification with Moldova
6199:Turks and Caicos Islands
5902:Pashtun Tahafuz Movement
5103:Fürstenberg, Kai (2012)
4656:Arnold, Anthony (1983).
4343:Bukhari, Farigh (1991).
4077:; Zellen, Barry (2014).
3653:. Elsevie. p. 845.
3356:"Afghan and Afghanistan"
3264:. Elsevie. p. 845.
2701:for further information.
2575:Pashtun Tahafuz Movement
1981:. The Pakistani city of
1959:Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
1517:independence of Pakistan
1396:Indian National Congress
807:of Pashtunistan are the
375:of southern and eastern
28:
6566:unification with Kosovo
6047:Second Anglo-Afghan War
6017:Third Battle of Panipat
5997:First Battle of Panipat
5907:People's Peace Movement
5791:Yusuf Khan and Sherbano
5081:Pukhtunkhwa Kiyun Nahin
4629:Nunan, Timothy (2016).
4577:. I.B. Tauris. p.
4307:Caron, James M (2009).
3364:. alamahabibi.com. 1969
2662:Lewis, Paul M. (2009).
2136:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
1793:which was dominated by
1747:scheme was introduced.
953:Ancient Iranian peoples
766:leaders, including the
6907:Regions of Afghanistan
6775:Greater Germanic Reich
6573:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5979:Anti-Pashtun sentiment
5786:Adam Khan and Durkhani
5340:Gorkha Janmukti Morcha
5052:This article contains
5031:Retrieved 5 April 2010
5015:Retrieved 5 April 2010
4915:: CS1 maint: others (
4433:Tomsen, Peter (2013).
4324:The Pashtunistan Issue
4288:University of Michigan
4061:University of Michigan
3626:. Encyclopædia Iranica
3237:. Encyclopædia Iranica
2117:
1995:Afghan National Anthem
1941:
1917:
1905:
1894:
1683:, close ties with the
1665:
1607:
1499:
1303:
1232:
1171:
1090:
944:
927:History of Afghanistan
875:The Pashtuns practice
800:
718:
580:The Pashtuns practice
549:and his anti colonial
432:Emirate of Afghanistan
163: • Languages
6763:Annexation of Austria
5406:Self-Respect Movement
5401:Punjabi Suba movement
4028:"Past in Perspective"
3873:. SAGE Publications.
3425:Faultlines, Volume 18
2827:Dictionary of Vedanta
2152:provinces of Pakistan
2094:
2083:Durrani Afghan Empire
2068:Hibatullah Akhundzada
1923:
1911:
1900:
1888:
1881:20th and 21st century
1710:Afghan Prime Minister
1656:
1591:
1586:provinces of Pakistan
1519:, some rigid Pashtun
1481:President of Pakistan
1475:
1462:Further information:
1381:civil rights movement
1291:
1266:Durand Line Agreement
1218:
1205:Further information:
1167:
1087:Abdul Ghafoor Breshna
1077:
1064:Further information:
938:
925:Further information:
791:
673:
618:Further information:
420:British rule in India
359:on the crossroads of
6423:annexation of Taiwan
5754:northern Afghanistan
5566:Najib Khan Yousafzai
5345:Jathika Hela Urumaya
5086:Amin, Tahir (1988) -
4732:nationalanthems.info
4496:. November 15, 2010.
3556:Congressional Record
3167:Congressional Record
2824:Nath, Samir (2002).
2530:Awami National Party
2383:Afghan Border Police
2254:Elders sitting in a
2160:Choudhary Rahmat Ali
2132:Khan Abdul Wali Khan
2110:Asad Munir, Retired
2048:Mullah Mohammed Omar
2042:The majority of the
1963:Awami National Party
1741:National Awami Party
1604:Rizwan Hussain, 2005
1452:1947 NWFP referendum
1448:Dominion of Pakistan
1446:The NWFP joined the
1436:1947 NWFP referendum
1272:and British Viceroy
1107:Khushal Khan Khattak
529:and established the
503:Khushal Khan Khattak
106: 55–60 million
6912:Regions of Pakistan
6077:Waziristan campaign
5944:Pashtun nationalism
5671:Mohammad Najibullah
5072:Ahmed, Feroz (1998)
4789:Wonders of Pakistan
4510:The Express Tribune
4493:The Express Tribune
3832:on October 31, 2009
3824:John Ford Shroder.
3806:. The History Files
3778:Library of Congress
2989:The Express Tribune
2676:, Sixteenth edition
2560:Pashtun nationalism
2520:Afghan Millat Party
2022:Afghan Armed Forces
1802:Nur Muhammad Taraki
1761:Nur Muhammad Taraki
1757:Mohammed Daoud Khan
1733:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
1713:Mohammed Daoud Khan
1491:and fought against
1450:as a result of the
931:History of Pakistan
856:in Afghanistan and
620:Name of Afghanistan
371:, inhabited by the
243: (Afghanistan)
229:Nuristani languages
6882:Historical regions
6307:Western Azerbaijan
6241:Dominican Republic
6022:Battle of Nowshera
6012:Battle of Gulnabad
5915:Religious-military
5849:Ahmad Shah Durrani
5586:Malalai of Maiwand
5571:Dost Mohammad Khan
5561:Ahmad Shah Durrani
5541:Aimal Khan Mohmand
5536:Kalu Khan Yusufzai
4815:The World Factbook
4551:2016-04-28 at the
4123:on 10 August 2013.
3854:www.astrojyoti.com
2664:"Pashto, Northern"
2636:The World Factbook
2606:The World Factbook
2498:Afghanistan portal
2333:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
2296:Nangarhar Province
2264:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
2190:Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa
2120:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
2103:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
2072:Sirajuddin Haqqani
2056:Jalaluddin Haqqani
1942:
1934:Arghandab District
1918:
1906:
1902:Nangarhar Province
1895:
1875:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
1753:Afghan governments
1737:Ahmad Shah Massoud
1677:Khyber Pakthunkhwa
1666:
1662:Abdul Ghaffar Khan
1627:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
1545:Pakistan Air Force
1500:
1493:Pashtun rebellions
1426:Khudai Khidmatgars
1377:Khudai Khidmatgars
1304:
1278:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
1249:Balochistan region
1233:
1201:European influence
1163:Ahmad Shah Durrani
1152:Ahmad Shah Durrani
1122:were ruled by the
1091:
1083:Ahmad Shah Durrani
945:
830:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
801:
693:their own language
646:Ahmad Shah Durrani
547:Abdul Ghaffar Khan
525:, who founded the
523:Ahmad Shah Durrani
495:Bayazid Pir Roshan
482:to the north, and
456:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
99: • Total
6869:
6868:
6836:Related concepts:
6115:
6114:
6097:Soviet–Afghan War
6082:Second Waziristan
6062:Siege of Malakand
6052:Battle of Maiwand
5954:Afghan (ethnonym)
5930:
5929:
5897:Khudai Khidmatgar
5666:Abdul Ahad Momand
5596:Abdur Rahman Khan
5581:Victor of Maiwand
5546:Darya Khan Afridi
5419:
5418:
5391:Pakistan Movement
5323:
5322:
5060:rendering support
4861:www.aljazeera.com
4527:countrystudies.us
4512:. April 18, 2016.
4263:978-0-19-022927-6
4181:on 10 August 2013
4075:H Johnson, Thomas
4034:. August 25, 2019
3964:978-0-275-97878-5
3932:on 19 August 2011
3900:. Andre Deutsch.
3660:978-0-08-087774-7
3531:978-0-618-81017-8
3271:978-0-08-087774-7
3142:978-0-618-81017-8
3022:978-0-8047-7666-0
2991:. 17 January 2023
2722:978-1-61069-018-8
2672:. Dallas, Texas:
2669:SIL International
2457:Kandahar Province
2443:Kandahar Province
2347:People attending
2150:are the names of
2099:have been staying
1938:Kandahar Province
1867:Soviet-Afghan War
1726:Afghan government
1584:are the names of
1541:military aircraft
1464:Pakistan Movement
1270:Amir Abdur Rahman
1253:Anglo-Afghan Wars
1229:Abdur Rahman Khan
949:2nd millennium BC
805:indigenous people
774:The native people
768:Khudai Khidmatgar
757:
749:
734:
624:Afghan (ethnonym)
551:Khudai Khidmatgar
379:and northwestern
367:, located on the
357:historical region
343:'land of the
342:
323:
322:
225:Pashayi languages
37:Historical region
19:Historical region
6924:
6917:Cultural regions
6820:Papua New Guinea
6142:
6135:
6128:
6119:
6118:
6087:Mohmand campaign
6072:Afghan Civil War
6037:First Afghan War
6027:Battle of Jamrud
6002:Battle of Chausa
5964:Bannu Resolution
5891:Citizens' groups
5888:
5887:
5839:Abdul Hamid Baba
5761:Pashtun clothing
5706:Manzoor Pashteen
5701:Malala Yousafzai
5576:Wazir Akbar Khan
5490:Barakzai dynasty
5446:
5439:
5432:
5423:
5422:
5386:Kashmir conflict
5257:Sri Lankan Tamil
5168:
5167:
5149:
5142:
5135:
5126:
5125:
5079:Ahmad, M.(1989)
5048:
5047:
5032:
5022:
5016:
5006:
5000:
4999:
4981:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4955:
4949:
4942:
4933:
4927:
4921:
4920:
4914:
4906:
4886:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4867:
4853:
4847:
4846:
4841:. Archived from
4831:
4825:
4824:
4823:
4822:
4807:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4796:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4761:. Archived from
4750:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4685:
4672:
4671:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4599:
4593:
4592:
4576:
4566:
4560:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4519:
4513:
4503:
4497:
4485:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4430:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4402:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4373:
4367:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4340:
4331:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4304:
4298:
4280:Zalmay Khalilzad
4277:
4268:
4267:
4247:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4197:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4180:
4174:. Archived from
4173:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4131:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4116:. Archived from
4115:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4050:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4024:
4018:
4017:
3973:
3967:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3828:. Archived from
3821:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3774:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3703:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3631:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3538:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3493:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3442:
3433:
3432:
3421:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3397:. Archived from
3391:Sir H. M. Elliot
3379:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3361:Abdul Hai Habibi
3352:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3314:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3278:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3242:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3149:
3126:
3120:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3097:
3092:Rizwan Hussain.
3090:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2864:George Rawlinson
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2778:on 4 August 2019
2777:
2771:. Archived from
2764:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2742:
2734:
2708:
2702:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2681:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2643:on July 26, 2009
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2612:on June 13, 2007
2598:
2555:Manzoor Pashteen
2540:Bannu Resolution
2514:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2476:Helmand Province
2468:
2453:
2435:
2416:
2397:
2387:Paktika Province
2379:
2364:
2349:Khost University
2344:
2325:
2306:
2290:Branches of the
2287:
2275:
2243:
2228:
2209:
2115:
2052:Mohammad Rabbani
1806:Khalqists regime
1605:
1562:Pashtun province
1558:Liaquat Ali Khan
1430:Bannu Resolution
1420:(Faqir of Ipi),
1412:Bannu Resolution
1406:Bannu Resolution
1241:Barakzai dynasty
1227:and grandson of
915:Pashtun diaspora
846:Gilgit-Baltistan
751:
743:
742:
728:
727:
716:
671:and many others.
632:Name of Pakistan
402:
401:
354:
337:
335:
248: (Pakistan)
107:
104:
86:
84:
83:
74:
72:
71:
48:
22:
21:
6932:
6931:
6927:
6926:
6925:
6923:
6922:
6921:
6872:
6871:
6870:
6865:
6829:
6803:
6719:
6701:Northern Europe
6696:
6670:Italian Grisons
6633:
6600:North Macedonia
6554:Southern Europe
6549:
6474:
6401:
6365:
6273:
6247:
6182:
6151:
6146:
6116:
6111:
5989:
5983:
5936:
5926:
5910:
5886:
5873:
5829:Khushal Khattak
5800:
5734:Pashtun cuisine
5729:Pashtun culture
5715:
5506:Alauddin Khilji
5494:
5485:Durrani dynasty
5456:
5455:-related topics
5450:
5420:
5415:
5354:
5319:
5303:
5267:
5159:
5153:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5058:Without proper
5049:
5045:
5040:
5038:Further reading
5035:
5023:
5019:
5009:BBC News Online
5007:
5003:
4996:
4982:
4978:
4968:
4966:
4963:Express Tribune
4957:
4956:
4952:
4943:
4936:
4928:
4924:
4908:
4907:
4895:
4879:
4878:
4874:
4865:
4863:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4833:
4832:
4828:
4820:
4818:
4809:
4808:
4804:
4794:
4792:
4791:. 13 April 2009
4783:
4782:
4778:
4768:
4766:
4751:
4747:
4737:
4735:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4706:10.2307/2645419
4686:
4675:
4668:
4654:
4650:
4643:
4627:
4623:
4616:
4600:
4596:
4589:
4567:
4563:
4557:Defence Journal
4553:Wayback Machine
4544:
4540:
4531:
4529:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4504:
4500:
4486:
4482:
4472:
4470:
4458:
4454:
4447:
4439:. Hachette UK.
4431:
4424:
4414:
4412:
4404:
4403:
4396:
4386:
4384:
4374:
4370:
4361:"Pashtunistan."
4358:
4354:
4341:
4334:
4322:
4318:
4305:
4301:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4248:
4241:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4211:
4207:
4191:
4190:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4171:
4169:"Archived copy"
4167:
4166:
4162:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4132:
4128:
4120:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4095:
4087:. p. 154.
4072:
4068:
4051:
4047:
4037:
4035:
4026:
4025:
4021:
3974:
3970:
3949:
3945:
3935:
3933:
3926:The Khyberwatch
3920:
3919:
3915:
3908:
3892:
3888:
3881:
3865:
3861:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3835:
3833:
3822:
3818:
3809:
3807:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3788:
3786:
3772:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3754:
3752:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3729:
3727:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3681:
3677:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3645:
3641:
3629:
3627:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3584:
3580:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3516:
3512:
3507:
3503:
3487:
3486:
3476:
3474:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3451:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3436:
3423:
3422:
3413:
3404:
3402:
3380:
3376:
3367:
3365:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3340:
3338:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3292:
3288:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3256:
3252:
3240:
3238:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3195:
3191:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3091:
3082:
3072:
3070:
3057:
3053:
3040:Synovitz, Ron.
3038:
3034:
3023:
3007:
3003:
2994:
2992:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2933:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2887:
2883:
2874:
2872:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2822:
2818:
2811:
2795:
2791:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2762:
2756:
2752:
2736:
2735:
2723:
2709:
2705:
2696:
2692:
2679:
2677:
2660:
2656:
2646:
2644:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2615:
2613:
2600:
2599:
2592:
2588:
2512:Pakistan portal
2510:
2505:
2503:
2496:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2479:
2469:
2460:
2454:
2445:
2436:
2427:
2417:
2408:
2405:Paktia Province
2398:
2389:
2380:
2371:
2368:Ghazni Province
2365:
2356:
2345:
2336:
2326:
2317:
2307:
2298:
2288:
2279:
2276:
2267:
2244:
2235:
2229:
2220:
2210:
2198:
2183:Nasim Wali Khan
2166:stated in the "
2128:
2122:
2116:
2109:
1940:in Afghanistan.
1883:
1846:Dr Najibullah's
1840:. Up until the
1781:Daoud would be
1717:Afghan military
1681:autocratic rule
1673:Bajaur District
1606:
1603:
1596:Tarin sub-tribe
1525:sovereign state
1505:Lōy Afghānistān
1470:
1460:
1444:
1438:
1414:
1408:
1366:Port of Karachi
1340:Habibullah Khan
1301:Kasturba Gandhi
1274:Mortimer Durand
1237:Durrani dynasty
1225:Habibullah Khan
1213:
1203:
1185:was invaded by
1095:Delhi Sultanate
1072:
1066:Delhi Sultanate
1062:
1046:Timurid dynasty
933:
923:
786:
778:Main articles:
776:
717:
711:
634:
616:
555:princely states
527:Durrani dynasty
424:Mortimer Durand
389:Pashto language
385:Pashtun culture
369:Iranian Plateau
319:
244:
173:
157:Indus Kohistani
127:
105:
81:
79:
78:
69:
67:
59:
39:
30:
27:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6930:
6920:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6867:
6866:
6834:
6831:
6830:
6828:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6811:
6809:
6805:
6804:
6802:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6785:
6784:
6783:
6782:
6777:
6767:
6766:
6765:
6750:
6749:
6748:
6738:
6733:
6727:
6725:
6724:Western Europe
6721:
6720:
6718:
6717:
6716:
6715:
6704:
6702:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6694:
6693:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6641:
6639:
6635:
6634:
6632:
6631:
6626:
6625:
6624:
6614:
6613:
6612:
6602:
6597:
6596:
6595:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6569:
6568:
6557:
6555:
6551:
6550:
6548:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6536:
6535:
6530:
6520:
6519:
6518:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6491:Czechoslovakia
6488:
6482:
6480:
6476:
6475:
6473:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6426:
6425:
6415:
6409:
6407:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6373:
6371:
6367:
6366:
6364:
6363:
6358:
6357:
6356:
6351:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6310:
6309:
6299:
6294:
6293:
6292:
6281:
6279:
6275:
6274:
6272:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6255:
6253:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6245:
6244:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6202:
6201:
6190:
6188:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6159:
6157:
6153:
6152:
6145:
6144:
6137:
6130:
6122:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6092:Tribal revolts
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6057:Tirah campaign
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6007:Malandari Pass
6004:
5999:
5993:
5991:
5985:
5984:
5982:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5940:
5938:
5932:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5924:
5918:
5916:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5892:
5885:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5814:Amir Kror Suri
5810:
5808:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5776:Pashtun tribes
5773:
5771:Pashto singers
5768:
5763:
5758:
5757:
5756:
5749:Pashtunization
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5725:
5723:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5611:Amanullah Khan
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5502:
5500:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5466:
5464:
5458:
5457:
5449:
5448:
5441:
5434:
5426:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5362:
5360:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5331:
5329:
5325:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5311:
5309:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5301:
5291:
5286:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5265:
5260:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5195:
5185:
5180:
5174:
5172:
5165:
5161:
5160:
5152:
5151:
5144:
5137:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5112:
5101:
5091:
5084:
5077:
5050:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5017:
5001:
4994:
4976:
4950:
4934:
4922:
4893:
4872:
4848:
4845:on 2011-11-24.
4826:
4802:
4776:
4765:on 25 May 2010
4745:
4719:
4700:(7): 621–634.
4673:
4666:
4648:
4641:
4621:
4614:
4594:
4587:
4561:
4538:
4514:
4498:
4480:
4452:
4445:
4422:
4394:
4382:The Globe Post
4368:
4352:
4332:
4316:
4299:
4269:
4262:
4239:
4225:
4205:
4160:
4146:
4126:
4100:
4093:
4066:
4045:
4019:
3984:(4): 481–499.
3968:
3943:
3913:
3906:
3886:
3879:
3859:
3842:
3816:
3795:
3761:
3736:
3711:
3695:
3675:
3659:
3639:
3624:Ch. M. Kieffer
3611:
3598:
3578:
3565:
3546:
3530:
3510:
3501:
3462:
3448:. Pashtoonkhwa
3434:
3411:
3374:
3347:
3322:
3306:
3286:
3270:
3250:
3235:Ch. M. Kieffer
3222:
3209:
3189:
3176:
3157:
3141:
3121:
3112:
3098:
3096:. 2005. p. 74.
3080:
3067:New York Times
3051:
3032:
3021:
3001:
2976:
2959:
2942:
2931:
2914:
2901:
2881:
2862:Translated by
2849:
2836:
2816:
2809:
2789:
2750:
2721:
2703:
2690:
2654:
2622:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2565:Pashtunization
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2501:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2478:, Afghanistan
2470:
2463:
2461:
2455:
2448:
2446:
2437:
2430:
2428:
2418:
2411:
2409:
2407:of Afghanistan
2399:
2392:
2390:
2381:
2374:
2372:
2366:
2359:
2357:
2346:
2339:
2337:
2327:
2320:
2318:
2308:
2301:
2299:
2289:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2270:
2268:
2245:
2238:
2236:
2230:
2223:
2221:
2219:in Afghanistan
2217:Kunar Province
2211:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2194:
2124:Main article:
2121:
2118:
2107:
2079:Hotaki dynasty
2044:Afghan Taliban
2009:tend to speak
1967:Asfandyar Wali
1914:Khost Province
1893:of Afghanistan
1891:Kunar Province
1882:
1879:
1849:Homeland Party
1601:
1529:United Nations
1459:
1456:
1440:Main article:
1437:
1434:
1416:In June 1947,
1410:Main article:
1407:
1404:
1392:Mahatma Gandhi
1347:Cripps Mission
1328:Nasrullah Khan
1314:, through the
1308:Ottoman Turkey
1297:Mahatma Gandhi
1261:Russian Empire
1221:Amanullah Khan
1202:
1199:
1179:Pashtun tribes
1159:Durrani Empire
1070:Durrani Empire
1061:
1058:
1038:Khalji dynasty
922:
919:
887:Pashtun tribes
825:second largest
803:The native or
784:Pashtun tribes
775:
772:
764:British Indian
709:
662:Mughal Emperor
615:
614:Origin of term
612:
588:Pashtun tribes
541:. Many famous
539:British Empire
537:and later the
474:to the south,
411:or simply the
373:Pashtun people
321:
320:
318:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
256:
254:
253:Largest cities
250:
249:
238:
232:
231:
164:
160:
159:
118:
114:
113:
109:
108:
100:
96:
95:
91:
90:
65:
61:
60:
49:
41:
40:
35:
32:
31:
25:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6929:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6879:
6877:
6864:
6863:
6862:
6858:
6854:
6850:
6849:Reunification
6846:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6812:
6810:
6806:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6772:
6771:
6770:Pan-Germanism
6768:
6764:
6761:
6760:
6759:
6756:
6755:
6754:
6751:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6728:
6726:
6722:
6714:
6711:
6710:
6709:
6706:
6705:
6703:
6699:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6647:
6646:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6636:
6630:
6627:
6623:
6620:
6619:
6618:
6615:
6611:
6608:
6607:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6594:
6591:
6590:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6562:
6559:
6558:
6556:
6552:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6525:
6524:
6521:
6517:
6514:
6513:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6483:
6481:
6477:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6424:
6421:
6420:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6404:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6370:Southern Asia
6368:
6362:
6359:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6346:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6308:
6305:
6304:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6291:
6288:
6287:
6286:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6276:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6256:
6254:
6252:South America
6250:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6218:
6217:
6216:United States
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6200:
6197:
6196:
6195:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6187:North America
6185:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6154:
6150:
6143:
6138:
6136:
6131:
6129:
6124:
6123:
6120:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5994:
5992:
5986:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5937:controversies
5933:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5913:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5889:
5883:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5859:Ajmal Khattak
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5844:Hussain Hotak
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5807:
5803:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5724:
5722:
5718:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5696:Malalai Kakar
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5676:Mohammed Omar
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5621:Mulla Powinda
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5551:Mirwais Hotak
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5531:Sher Shah Sur
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5497:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5480:Hotak dynasty
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5463:
5459:
5454:
5447:
5442:
5440:
5435:
5433:
5428:
5427:
5424:
5412:
5411:Urdu movement
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5357:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5328:Organisations
5326:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5306:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5284:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5270:
5264:
5261:
5258:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5203:
5199:
5196:
5193:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5166:
5162:
5158:in South Asia
5157:
5150:
5145:
5143:
5138:
5136:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5120:
5116:
5113:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5099:
5095:
5092:
5089:
5085:
5082:
5078:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5065:
5064:Pashto script
5061:
5057:
5055:
5030:
5026:
5021:
5014:
5010:
5005:
4997:
4991:
4987:
4980:
4965:. 15 May 2012
4964:
4960:
4954:
4947:
4941:
4939:
4931:
4930:H. G. Raverty
4926:
4918:
4912:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4894:9780231701129
4890:
4885:
4884:
4876:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4830:
4816:
4812:
4811:"Afghanistan"
4806:
4790:
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4760:
4756:
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4680:
4678:
4669:
4667:0-8179-7792-9
4663:
4659:
4652:
4644:
4642:9781107112070
4638:
4634:
4633:
4625:
4617:
4615:9781850656838
4611:
4607:
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4598:
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4588:9781850438571
4584:
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4456:
4448:
4446:9781610394123
4442:
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4407:
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4296:0-566-00651-0
4293:
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4226:9780275978785
4222:
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4147:9783319571560
4143:
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4096:
4094:9780804789219
4090:
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4015:
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4007:
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3999:
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3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3956:0-275-97878-8
3953:
3947:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3917:
3909:
3907:9780233050539
3903:
3899:
3898:
3890:
3882:
3880:9780761932260
3876:
3872:
3871:
3863:
3855:
3852:
3846:
3831:
3827:
3820:
3805:
3799:
3784:
3780:
3779:
3771:
3765:
3751:on 2011-09-12
3750:
3746:
3740:
3725:
3721:
3715:
3708:
3698:
3696:1-876756-27-6
3692:
3688:
3687:
3679:
3672:
3662:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3643:
3636:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3601:
3599:1-4289-1368-8
3595:
3591:
3590:
3582:
3568:
3566:9780160118449
3562:
3558:
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3550:
3543:
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3514:
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3497:
3491:
3484:
3472:
3466:
3459:
3447:
3441:
3439:
3431:
3426:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3401:on 2013-07-26
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3378:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3351:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3319:
3309:
3307:1-876756-27-6
3303:
3299:
3298:
3290:
3283:
3273:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3254:
3247:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3212:
3210:1-4289-1368-8
3206:
3202:
3201:
3193:
3179:
3177:9780160118449
3173:
3169:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3144:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3125:
3116:
3108:
3102:
3095:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3069:
3068:
3062:
3055:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3024:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3005:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2973:
2969:
2968:The Spectator
2963:
2956:
2952:
2946:
2939:
2934:
2932:9780852297605
2928:
2924:
2918:
2904:
2902:90-04-08265-4
2898:
2894:
2893:
2885:
2871:on 2012-02-05
2870:
2866:
2865:
2859:
2853:
2839:
2837:81-7890-056-4
2833:
2829:
2828:
2820:
2812:
2810:9781598846607
2806:
2802:
2801:
2793:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2761:
2754:
2746:
2740:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2694:
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2675:
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2670:
2665:
2658:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2595:
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2578:
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2573:
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2568:
2566:
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2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2502:
2499:
2488:
2477:
2473:
2472:Helmand River
2467:
2462:
2459:, Afghanistan
2458:
2452:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2373:
2370:, Afghanistan
2369:
2363:
2358:
2355:, Afghanistan
2354:
2350:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2319:
2316:, Afghanistan
2315:
2311:
2305:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2281:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2215:, capital of
2214:
2208:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2113:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2007:Helmand River
2004:
2000:
1999:Pashtun dress
1996:
1992:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1916:, Afghanistan
1915:
1912:A village in
1910:
1904:, Afghanistan
1903:
1899:
1892:
1889:A village in
1887:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1727:
1722:
1721:Bajaur Agency
1718:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1648:
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1616:
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1597:
1590:
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1579:
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1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1497:British Crown
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1428:declared the
1427:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1383:. Its leader
1382:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1245:Punjab region
1242:
1238:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:Afghan Empire
1170:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1132:Mirwais Hotak
1129:
1125:
1124:Mughal Empire
1121:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1028:from today's
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
998:
997:Western world
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
942:
937:
932:
928:
918:
916:
912:
908:
903:
900:
898:
892:
888:
884:
880:
879:
873:
872:in Pakistan.
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
832:and northern
831:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
798:
794:
790:
785:
781:
771:
769:
765:
761:
755:
750:, पठानिस्तान
747:
738:
732:
723:
714:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
672:
670:
666:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
633:
629:
625:
621:
611:
609:
605:
601:
599:
593:
589:
585:
584:
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
531:Afghan Empire
528:
524:
520:
516:
515:Mirwais Hotak
512:
508:
507:Mughal Empire
504:
500:
496:
491:
490:to the west.
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
470:to the east,
469:
468:Hazara region
465:
461:
458:and northern
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
436:British India
433:
429:
425:
421:
416:
414:
410:
406:
396:
395:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
350:
346:
340:
331:
327:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
257:
255:
251:
247:
242:
239:
237:
233:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
201:
197:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
165:
161:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:
115:
110:
101:
97:
92:
89:
77:
66:
62:
57:
53:
47:
42:
38:
33:
23:
6845:Partitionism
6839:
6838:
6835:
6392:Pashtunistan
6391:
6278:Western Asia
6211:Saint Martin
6178:South Africa
5969:Kalabagh Dam
5949:Pashtunistan
5948:
5766:Pashto media
5686:Ashraf Ghani
5681:Hamid Karzai
5641:Faqir of Ipi
5631:Sartor Faqir
5606:Soraya Tarzi
5601:Mahmud Tarzi
5556:Mahmud Hotak
5521:Ibrahim Lodi
5475:Suri dynasty
5470:Lodi dynasty
5118:
5104:
5097:
5094:Buzan, Barry
5087:
5080:
5073:
5051:
5020:
5004:
4985:
4979:
4967:. Retrieved
4962:
4953:
4945:
4944:Olaf Caroe.
4925:
4882:
4875:
4864:. Retrieved
4860:
4851:
4843:the original
4839:agcho.gov.af
4838:
4829:
4819:, retrieved
4814:
4805:
4793:. Retrieved
4788:
4779:
4767:. Retrieved
4763:the original
4748:
4736:. Retrieved
4734:. 9 May 2012
4731:
4722:
4697:
4694:Asian Survey
4693:
4657:
4651:
4631:
4624:
4604:
4597:
4572:
4564:
4556:
4541:
4530:. Retrieved
4526:
4517:
4509:
4501:
4491:
4483:
4471:. Retrieved
4465:
4455:
4435:
4413:. Retrieved
4409:
4385:. Retrieved
4381:
4371:
4363:
4355:
4345:
4328:Craig Baxter
4319:
4309:
4302:
4283:
4252:
4230:. Retrieved
4215:
4208:
4183:. Retrieved
4176:the original
4163:
4151:. Retrieved
4140:. Springer.
4136:
4129:
4118:the original
4109:
4103:
4079:
4069:
4055:
4048:
4036:. Retrieved
4031:
4022:
3981:
3977:
3971:
3946:
3934:. Retrieved
3930:the original
3925:
3916:
3896:
3889:
3869:
3862:
3853:
3845:
3834:. Retrieved
3830:the original
3819:
3808:. Retrieved
3798:
3787:. Retrieved
3776:
3764:
3753:. Retrieved
3749:the original
3739:
3728:. Retrieved
3726:. 2018-06-25
3723:
3714:
3706:
3700:. Retrieved
3685:
3678:
3670:
3664:. Retrieved
3649:
3642:
3634:
3628:. Retrieved
3623:
3614:
3603:. Retrieved
3588:
3581:
3570:. Retrieved
3555:
3549:
3541:
3535:. Retrieved
3520:
3513:
3504:
3481:
3475:. Retrieved
3465:
3456:
3450:. Retrieved
3428:
3424:
3403:. Retrieved
3399:the original
3390:
3377:
3366:. Retrieved
3359:
3350:
3339:. Retrieved
3337:. 2018-06-25
3334:
3325:
3317:
3311:. Retrieved
3296:
3289:
3281:
3275:. Retrieved
3260:
3253:
3245:
3239:. Retrieved
3234:
3225:
3214:. Retrieved
3199:
3192:
3181:. Retrieved
3166:
3160:
3152:
3146:. Retrieved
3131:
3124:
3115:
3101:
3093:
3071:. Retrieved
3064:
3054:
3045:
3035:
3026:
3011:
3004:
2993:. Retrieved
2988:
2979:
2971:
2967:
2962:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2936:
2922:
2917:
2906:. Retrieved
2891:
2884:
2873:. Retrieved
2869:the original
2861:
2852:
2841:. Retrieved
2826:
2819:
2803:. ABC-CLIO.
2799:
2792:
2780:. Retrieved
2773:the original
2766:
2753:
2712:
2706:
2693:
2685:
2680:18 September
2678:. Retrieved
2667:
2657:
2647:20 September
2645:. Retrieved
2641:the original
2634:
2625:
2614:. Retrieved
2610:the original
2605:
2550:Greater Iran
2401:Kuchi people
2187:
2178:
2176:
2171:
2168:Now or Never
2155:
2148:Baluchishtan
2129:
2095:
2087:
2076:
2041:
2019:
1987:
1962:
1943:
1930:Hassan Abdal
1864:
1780:
1765:
1749:
1730:
1702:Mirzali Khan
1685:Soviet Union
1667:
1620:
1608:
1592:
1582:Baluchishtan
1521:nationalists
1514:
1504:
1501:
1445:
1424:, and other
1418:Mirzali Khan
1415:
1400:United India
1374:
1362:Nazi Germany
1359:
1344:
1305:
1295:(left) with
1234:
1187:Ranjit Singh
1172:
1168:
1156:
1120:Pashtunistan
1119:
1092:
1034:Genghis Khan
1003:Arab Muslims
1001:
985:Arab Muslims
977:Hephthalites
946:
904:
896:
876:
874:
802:
719:
674:
654:Hiven Tsiang
650:Varāhamihira
635:
597:
581:
579:
519:Loy Kandahar
511:Safavid Iran
492:
417:
413:Pashtun Belt
412:
409:Pathānistān,
408:
405:Pakhtūnistān
404:
392:
326:Pashtunistan
325:
324:
194:
174:
166:
128:
120:
112:Demographics
26:Pashtunistan
6892:Irredentism
6887:Durand Line
6857:Revisionism
6799:Switzerland
6794:Netherlands
6455:Philippines
6354:Pan-Turkism
6149:Irredentism
6042:Ambela Pass
5988:Battles and
5959:Durand Line
5864:Kabir Stori
5824:Rahman Baba
5739:Pashtunwali
5691:Arfa Siddiq
5511:Bahlul Lodi
5499:Key figures
5308:Territorial
5192:Bangladeshi
5156:Nationalism
5115:Caroe, Olaf
5054:Pashto text
4946:The Pathans
4769:11 February
4467:India Today
4410:India Today
4359:Paul Wolf.
3966:, pp. 92-94
2938:Afghanistan
2580:Qabailistan
2545:Durand Line
2329:Khyber Pass
2310:Kabul River
2292:Kunar River
2246:A Group of
2179:Pakhtunkhwa
2064:Abdul Kabir
2013:instead of
1818:Balochistan
1810:Afghanistan
1708:. In 1960,
1693:Coup d'état
1631:Balochistan
1509:irredentist
1370:Arabian Sea
1336:Pathanistan
1211:British Raj
1195:British Raj
1093:During the
961:Achaemenids
883:Durand Line
878:Pashtunwali
834:Balochistan
760:Pakhtunkhwa
715:, 1560–1620
689:Afghanistan
675:The men of
658:Ibn Battuta
642:Afghanistan
638:Middle Ages
583:Pashtunwali
535:Sikh Empire
472:Balochistan
460:Balochistan
452:Indus River
438:during the
428:Durand Line
394:Pashtūnkhwā
377:Afghanistan
88:Afghanistan
6876:Categories
6861:Rump state
6853:Revanchism
6780:Lebensraum
6629:Yugoslavia
6397:Tamil Nadu
6377:Bangladesh
6302:Azerbaijan
6163:Mauritania
5935:Topics and
5869:Ghani Khan
5854:Hamza Baba
5834:Nazo Tokhi
5819:Pir Roshan
5781:Loya jirga
5661:Daoud Khan
5656:Zahir Shah
5626:Bacha Khan
5616:Nadir Shah
5591:Saidu Baba
5164:Ideologies
4995:1843310309
4866:2019-04-10
4821:2024-02-14
4738:18 October
4532:2023-02-08
4473:24 October
4415:13 January
4185:2013-12-28
4038:August 25,
4032:The Nation
3836:2009-10-31
3810:2010-08-16
3789:2010-09-10
3755:2010-10-29
3730:2022-06-12
3702:2010-09-24
3666:2010-09-24
3630:2010-10-24
3605:2010-09-24
3572:2010-09-24
3537:2010-08-22
3477:2009-06-07
3452:2009-06-07
3405:2010-08-22
3393:. London:
3368:2010-10-24
3341:2022-06-12
3313:2010-09-24
3277:2010-09-24
3241:2010-10-24
3216:2010-09-24
3183:2010-09-24
3148:2010-08-22
2995:2023-02-19
2908:2010-09-24
2875:2007-01-10
2843:2010-09-10
2616:2012-02-10
2586:References
2535:Bacha Khan
2426:, Pakistan
2420:Hanna Lake
2335:, Pakistan
2232:Pech River
2035:dominated
2026:Najibullah
1971:AVT Khyber
1961:(PTI) and
1957:who leads
1955:Imran Khan
1783:overthrown
1689:Zahir Shah
1669:Bacha Khan
1658:Daoud Khan
1623:Daoud Khan
1568:same like
1554:Bacha Khan
1537:loya jirga
1422:Bacha Khan
1385:Bacha Khan
1293:Bacha Khan
1257:Great Game
1148:Nader Shah
1079:Coronation
1014:Ghaznavids
947:Since the
797:indigenous
795:children,
754:Devanagari
737:Hindustani
499:Waziristan
440:Great Game
383:, wherein
365:South Asia
315:Lashkargah
175:Minorities
149:Nuristanis
129:Minorities
94:Population
6815:Australia
6430:Indonesia
6319:Kurdistan
6259:Argentina
6226:Greenland
6032:Herat War
5990:conflicts
5711:Ali Wazir
5651:Wali Khan
5636:Umra Khan
5526:Gaju Khan
5462:Dynasties
5298:Pakistani
5289:Khalistan
5272:Religious
5248:Sinhalese
5208:Dravidian
5025:Dawn News
4911:cite book
4903:318971971
4714:0004-4687
4014:161835556
3998:0020-7438
3073:2 October
2739:cite book
2731:879947835
2439:Dahla Dam
2385:(ABP) in
2314:Jalalabad
2112:brigadier
2003:Amu River
1842:overthrow
1798:Khalqists
1772:Islamabad
1715:sent the
1615:1971 wars
1543:from the
1487:tribe of
1477:Ayub Khan
1223:, son of
1173:The last
1115:Aurangzeb
1056:in 1504.
1052:captured
981:Sasanians
941:Arachosia
889:from the
850:Islamabad
746:Nastaleeq
741:پٹھانستان
726:پښتونستان
685:Musulmans
590:from the
484:Hazarajat
448:Amu River
426:drew the
422:in 1893,
353:پشتونستان
334:پښتونستان
290:Jalalabad
246:UTC+05:00
241:UTC+04:30
236:Time zone
64:Countries
29:پښتونستان
6746:Wallonia
6660:Dalmatia
6578:Bulgaria
6540:Slovenia
6460:Thailand
6450:Mongolia
6445:Malaysia
6413:Cambodia
6269:Colombia
5283:Hindutva
5218:Kashmiri
5202:Bodoland
5178:Assamese
4549:Archived
4290:, 2006,
4232:18 April
4194:cite web
3936:15 March
3490:cite web
3385:(1560).
2782:15 March
2484:See also
2294:meet in
2213:Asadabad
2156:Afghania
2108:—
1979:Peshawar
1973:being a
1946:Punjabis
1873:fled to
1787:Khalqist
1776:Pakistan
1745:One Unit
1635:Pashtuns
1602:—
1566:Pakistan
1495:for the
1389:activist
1247:and the
1189:and his
1183:Peshawar
1140:Kandahar
1136:Safavids
1128:Safavids
1113:emperor
823:and the
809:Pashtuns
780:Pashtuns
713:Firishta
710:—
669:Firishta
476:Kohistan
400:پښتونخوا
381:Pakistan
345:Pashtuns
275:Kandahar
260:Peshawar
167:Majority
141:Pashayis
125:Pashtuns
121:Majority
76:Pakistan
6808:Oceania
6789:Ireland
6758:Austria
6753:Germany
6736:Celtics
6731:Belgium
6713:Karelia
6708:Finland
6655:Corsica
6622:Galicia
6583:Croatia
6561:Albania
6545:Ukraine
6533:Ukraine
6511:Romania
6501:Moldova
6496:Hungary
6486:Belarus
6470:Vietnam
6297:Assyria
6290:Artsakh
6285:Armenia
6173:Somalia
6168:Morocco
5922:Taliban
5721:Culture
5453:Pashtun
5263:Tripuri
5238:Saraiki
5233:Punjabi
5228:Pashtun
5188:Bengali
5117:(1983)
4387:1 March
4153:25 July
3028:groups.
2248:Banuchi
2196:Gallery
2162:Khan's
2060:Taliban
1983:Karachi
1965:led by
1950:Pathans
1932:in the
1795:Pashtun
1647:Hazaras
1621:Sardar
1489:Haripur
1312:Germany
1026:Ghorids
1020:, with
1011:Turkish
993:Mughals
973:Kushans
969:Mauryas
921:History
862:Balochi
813:Afghans
793:Pashtun
697:Afghans
567:Chitral
480:Chitral
418:During
361:Central
355:) is a
349:Persian
347:',
341:
285:Mingora
221:Torwali
217:Parachi
205:Balochi
191:Punjabi
153:Hazaras
56:Pashtun
54:, with
50:Map of
6741:France
6690:Ticino
6665:Istria
6610:Kosovo
6605:Serbia
6593:Enosis
6588:Greece
6528:Crimea
6523:Russia
6506:Poland
6349:Cyprus
6344:Turkey
6334:Israel
6314:Cyprus
6231:Mexico
6221:Canada
6206:Mexico
6194:Canada
6156:Africa
5878:Groups
5744:Pashto
5359:Events
5315:Indian
5294:Muslim
5243:Sindhi
5213:Meitei
5183:Baloch
5171:Ethnic
4992:
4969:16 May
4901:
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2424:Quetta
2234:Valley
2164:theory
2140:Punjab
2029:regime
2015:Pashto
1993:, the
1926:shrine
1852:regime
1838:Pashto
1832:. The
1826:Pashto
1706:Gurwek
1664:, 1961
1643:Uzbeks
1639:Tajiks
1599:1960s.
1574:Bengal
1570:Punjab
1485:Tareen
1349:, and
1332:firman
1320:Caliph
1251:. The
1111:Mughal
1099:Afghan
1022:Lahore
1018:Ghazni
965:Greeks
955:, the
897:jirgas
868:, and
866:Hindko
858:Gujari
842:Punjab
817:Iranic
815:), an
722:Pashto
707:knows!
677:Kabull
630:, and
598:jirgas
569:, and
464:Punjab
387:, the
330:Pashto
295:Ghazni
280:Mardan
270:Harnai
265:Quetta
213:Ormuri
209:Brahui
196:Hindko
183:Gujari
171:Pashto
137:Gujjar
133:Baloch
85:
73:
6825:Samoa
6685:Savoy
6675:Malta
6650:Corfu
6645:Italy
6638:Italy
6617:Spain
6465:Timor
6440:Korea
6435:Japan
6418:China
6387:Nepal
6382:India
6361:Yemen
6339:Syria
6264:Chile
5806:Poets
5796:Jirga
5279:Hindu
5253:Tamil
4948:1981.
4795:6 May
4366:2004.
4179:(PDF)
4172:(PDF)
4121:(PDF)
4114:(PDF)
4010:S2CID
4002:JSTOR
3773:(PDF)
3483:India
2776:(PDF)
2763:(PDF)
2525:Khalq
2353:Khost
2260:Bannu
2256:Jirga
2252:Wazir
2144:Sindh
2033:Tajik
1856:Tajik
1698:Kabul
1660:with
1578:Sindh
1324:Jihad
1322:in a
1219:King
1103:Delhi
1054:Kabul
1050:Babur
1042:Delhi
1007:Islam
989:Turks
957:Medes
838:Sindh
731:Naskh
701:Patna
681:Khilj
665:Babur
310:Farah
305:Khost
300:Bannu
145:Tajik
6680:Nice
6329:Iraq
6324:Iran
6236:Cuba
5223:Naga
5198:Bodo
4990:ISBN
4971:2012
4917:link
4899:OCLC
4889:ISBN
4797:2016
4771:2011
4740:2017
4710:ISSN
4662:ISBN
4637:ISBN
4610:ISBN
4583:ISBN
4475:2016
4441:ISBN
4417:2014
4389:2019
4292:ISBN
4258:ISBN
4234:2015
4221:ISBN
4200:link
4155:2017
4142:ISBN
4089:ISBN
4040:2019
3994:ISSN
3960:ISBN
3952:ISBN
3938:2023
3902:ISBN
3875:ISBN
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3561:ISBN
3526:ISBN
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3302:ISBN
3266:ISBN
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3075:2017
3065:The
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2805:ISBN
2784:2023
2745:link
2727:OCLC
2717:ISBN
2682:2010
2649:2010
2250:and
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2070:and
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2011:Dari
1924:The
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1830:Dari
1816:and
1814:NWFP
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1611:1965
1580:and
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1355:NWFP
1310:and
1299:and
1282:FATA
1209:and
1191:Sikh
1068:and
1030:Ghor
929:and
891:FATA
870:Urdu
854:Dari
782:and
679:and
592:FATA
559:Swat
486:and
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200:Inku
187:Urdu
179:Dari
4702:doi
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