225:
The Carib tribes practice an indigenous system of beliefs, one that dates back to the 16th century. It was not until the 19th century that attempts were made to understand the beliefs and practices of this tribe. Much of the Kapóng language refers back to sun worship and sun spirits, which is
248:
The number of speakers in Brazil is about 10,000, and the transmission of language in Brazil is deemed to be of good standing. Speakers in Brazil are found in the
Roraima Indigenous Terra Raposa.
889:
Similes are often used in writing, as many words in this language allow this to occur. Through the use of suffixes, many words can be converted into similes. Examples are as follows:
226:
reflective of the beliefs system of these Carib-speaking tribes. Literature has also found belief in a higher being in the sky among the Carib tribes in Guyana.
1007:
1408:
1099:
234:
The Kapóng language is found to be spoken in lowland tropical South
America, particularly in the countries of Guyana, Brazil, and Venezuela.
1244:
1833:
714:
Much of the Kapóng language has emphasis on a higher spirit/god up in the sky, and this is reflected in the vocabulary in this language.
1144:
Edwards, Walter F. (September 1979). "A Comparison of
Selected Linguistic Features in Some Cariban and Arawakan Languages in Guyana".
457:
1113:
1039:
1401:
964:"THE BURNING FOUNTAIN WHENCE IT CAME": (A study of the system of beliefs of the Carib-speaking Akawaio of British Guiana.)
486:
1064:
1237:
844:
However, the word order is flexible and there are cases where the object precedes the subject in sentences. Such as:
17:
2210:
1826:
1394:
987:
978:
559:
238:
1779:
966:. University of the West Indies: Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies. pp. 114–115.
566:
538:
2205:
1375:
1230:
1095:
573:
390:
242:
170:
800:
531:
2166:
2215:
1819:
589:
479:
328:
321:
1930:
886:
ng, as there are no differences in personal pronoun systems and affixes to indicate genders of nouns.
412:
2015:
1900:
1800:
1566:
545:
198:. Though many speakers do not live in villages, there are a number of population centers, notably
360:
353:
337:
1515:
1417:
1370:
1916:
1772:
437:
430:
237:
In Guyana, Kapóng is spoken in forests by the
Mazaruni River Basin. In 2013, a survey by the
1207:
245:. However, no indigenous language was in use by the Guyanese Patamona people in the survey.
241:
identified 20% fluency among
Akawaio, which was the highest fluency rate among all sampled
2146:
2054:
1850:
1591:
1349:
369:
2128:
2065:
1993:
8:
2153:
2010:
1948:
1923:
1858:
1652:
1253:
2122:
2085:
1688:
2076:
1885:
1725:
1680:
1629:
1606:
1490:
1485:
1462:
1431:
1328:
1153:
1089:
999:
293:
288:
2160:
2116:
2096:
1870:
1735:
1475:
162:
2220:
2091:
2021:
1842:
1670:
1586:
1551:
1538:
1500:
1480:
1441:
1308:
1060:
1035:
1003:
403:
346:
298:
93:
1212:
2133:
2048:
1977:
1905:
1864:
1642:
1581:
1561:
1523:
1495:
1303:
1293:
1267:
1184:
991:
187:
2139:
1714:
1614:
1528:
2059:
1982:
1910:
1894:
1875:
1784:
1767:
1745:
1719:
1693:
1660:
1571:
1470:
1436:
1354:
1323:
1288:
1127:
553:
424:
303:
85:
66:
977:
Bollers, Elton; Clarke, Dillon; Johnny, Teniesha; Wenner, Mark (February 2019),
2186:
2171:
2042:
1987:
1740:
1730:
1709:
1665:
1637:
1596:
1576:
1546:
1505:
1333:
1318:
1298:
449:
195:
175:
62:
1217:
1189:
1172:
933:
919:
2199:
1955:
513:
1619:
145:
138:
1386:
525:
508:
495:
The allophones of /k s n/ are , as well as the allophones of /z/ being .
1157:
1057:
American Indian
Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America
938:
924:
581:
518:
1222:
251:
In
Venezuela, Kapóng is spoken in the states of Bolivar and Monagas.
995:
469:
377:
155:
129:
52:
1811:
199:
1128:
Zauro'nödok
Agawayo Yau: variants of Akawaio spoken at Waramadong
310:
191:
48:
769:(aemvk) is an ending used to make words plural. (i.e.) Adding
1084:. Anthropological Linguistics Vol. 20, No. 2. pp. 77–84.
1082:
Some synchronic and diachronic aspects of
Akawaio phonology
1173:"Symbolism and ritual among the Akawaio of British Guiana"
1146:
Trustees of
Indiana University Anthropological Linguistics
1208:
http://www.language-museum.com/encyclopedia/a/akawaio.php
976:
202:, Jawalla, Waramadong, and Kako. There are two dialects,
1213:http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/668/guide
1177:Nieuwe West-Indische Gids / New West Indian Guide
2197:
27:Cariban language spoken in Guyana and Venezuela
1827:
1402:
1238:
1112:Gildea, Spike and Caesar-Fox, Desrey (2006) “
882:There are no gender distinctions found in Kap
784:is a marker used to mark possession. (i.e.)
1218:http://www.native-languages.org/akawaio.htm
194:, most commonly in the region of the Upper
1834:
1820:
1416:
1409:
1395:
1245:
1231:
1029:
229:
1188:
1098:) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1059:. Oxford University Press. p. 203.
605:
2075:
1252:
1143:
1079:
1054:
980:Guyana's Indigenous Peoples 2013 Survey
14:
2198:
799:The preferred word order of Kapóng is
259:Kapóng has three dialects, which are:
1841:
1815:
1390:
1226:
812:
254:
1170:
1139:
1137:
961:
957:
955:
953:
951:
213:The Macushi name of the language is
1114:Clause linking in Akawaio (Cariban)
773:to "Kapong" makes "Kapong" plural;
24:
913:
25:
2232:
1201:
1134:
948:
588:
572:
565:
558:
544:
537:
530:
485:
478:
456:
436:
429:
411:
389:
368:
359:
352:
336:
327:
320:
1034:. Walter de Gruyte. p. 38.
1164:
1013:from the original on 2020-02-20
988:Inter-American Development Bank
645:
239:Inter-American Development Bank
1119:
1106:
1073:
1048:
1023:
970:
600:
13:
1:
1032:Language Diversity Endangered
1030:Brenzinger, Matthias (2015).
906:
761:
709:
278:
1376:South Rupununi Sign Language
273:
7:
1080:Edwards, Walter F. (1978).
834:Walawokyamàkuya molok yachi
243:indigenous groups in Guyana
10:
2237:
1125:Caesar-Fox, Desrey (2003)
220:
2180:
2109:
2035:
2003:
1965:
1940:
1884:
1849:
1793:
1758:
1702:
1679:
1651:
1628:
1605:
1537:
1514:
1461:
1452:
1424:
1363:
1342:
1276:
1260:
1190:10.1163/22134360-90002345
878:"He is paddling the boat"
498:
468:
448:
423:
376:
309:
285:
169:
153:
127:
122:
82:
72:
58:
44:
37:
32:
1801:Venezuelan Sign Language
1094:: CS1 maint: location (
962:Butt, Audrey J. (1953).
78:(10,000 cited 1990–2002)
1171:Butt, Audrey J (1961).
944:(subscription required)
930:(subscription required)
230:Geographic Distribution
2211:Languages of Venezuela
1418:Languages of Venezuela
1371:Guyanese Sign Language
1055:Cambell, Lyle (2003).
875:boat {he paddling} is
840:"The boys catch fish"
606:Vowels and diphthongs
149: – Patamona
1350:Caribbean Hindustani
1277:Indigenous languages
872:Kanau ikuurabök mang
142: – Akawaio
2206:Languages of Guyana
1254:Languages of Guyana
801:subject-object-verb
266:Ingarikó (Ingaricó)
837:boys-PL fish catch
255:Dialects/Varieties
2216:Cariban languages
2193:
2192:
2187:extinct languages
2105:
2104:
2031:
2030:
1843:Cariban languages
1809:
1808:
1754:
1753:
1425:Official language
1384:
1383:
1261:Official language
1041:978-3-11-090569-4
942:(18th ed., 2015)
928:(18th ed., 2015)
598:
597:
493:
492:
263:Akawaio (Akawayo)
190:spoken mainly in
181:
180:
18:Patamona language
16:(Redirected from
2228:
2073:
2072:
1963:
1962:
1941:Venezuelan Carib
1836:
1829:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1459:
1458:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1388:
1387:
1247:
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1233:
1224:
1223:
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1141:
1132:
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1071:
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1020:
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1018:
1012:
996:10.18235/0001591
985:
974:
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967:
959:
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931:
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340:
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317:
283:
282:
188:Cariban language
165:
148:
141:
132:
98:Venezuelan Carib
88:
30:
29:
21:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2176:
2167:Waimirí Atroarí
2101:
2071:
2027:
2016:Mapoyo-Yawarana
2004:Mapoyo–Tamanaku
1999:
1961:
1936:
1880:
1845:
1840:
1810:
1805:
1789:
1760:
1750:
1698:
1675:
1647:
1624:
1601:
1567:Mapoyo-Yabarana
1533:
1510:
1454:
1448:
1420:
1415:
1385:
1380:
1359:
1355:Guyanese Creole
1343:Other languages
1338:
1272:
1256:
1251:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1169:
1165:
1142:
1135:
1124:
1120:
1111:
1107:
1087:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1067:
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1049:
1042:
1028:
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1010:
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949:
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932:
929:
918:
914:
909:
880:
870:
862:
854:
842:
832:
824:
816:
808:Walawokyamàkuya
803:, for example:
764:
712:
648:
608:
603:
501:
402:
382:
345:
315:
281:
276:
257:
232:
223:
161:
144:
143:
137:
136:
128:
118:
89:
86:Language family
84:
75:
74:Native speakers
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2234:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2191:
2190:
2181:
2178:
2177:
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2169:
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1839:
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1824:
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1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1794:Sign languages
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1776:
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1378:
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1367:
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1364:Sign languages
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
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1346:
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1331:
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1257:
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1249:
1242:
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1227:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1203:
1202:External links
1200:
1197:
1196:
1163:
1152:(6): 277–297.
1133:
1118:
1105:
1072:
1066:978-3110170504
1065:
1047:
1040:
1022:
990:, p. 67,
969:
947:
911:
910:
908:
905:
904:
903:
902:= 'similar to'
897:
863:
855:
847:
846:
825:
817:
806:
805:
763:
760:
759:
758:
757:= chief spirit
755:Iopotari akuru
752:
746:
740:
734:
728:
722:
711:
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706:
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697:
694:
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123:Language codes
120:
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111:
110:
92:
90:
83:
80:
79:
76:
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60:
56:
55:
46:
45:Native to
42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2233:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
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2112:
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2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:Guianan Carib
2034:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:Pemóng–Panare
1964:
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1957:
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1951:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1926:
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1773:Colonia Tovar
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1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1140:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1109:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1083:
1076:
1068:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1043:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
982:
981:
973:
965:
958:
956:
954:
952:
941:
940:
935:
927:
926:
921:
916:
912:
901:
898:
895:
892:
891:
890:
887:
885:
879:
876:
873:
869:
866:
861:
858:
853:
850:
845:
841:
838:
835:
831:
828:
823:
820:
815:
809:
804:
802:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
778:
776:
772:
768:
756:
753:
750:
747:
745:= grandfather
744:
741:
738:
735:
733:= God's place
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
716:
715:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
649:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
609:
594:
591:
587:
585:
583:
580:
579:
575:
571:
568:
564:
561:
557:
555:
552:
551:
547:
543:
540:
536:
533:
529:
527:
524:
523:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
504:
496:
488:
484:
481:
477:
475:
473:
471:
467:
464:
462:
459:
455:
453:
451:
447:
444:
442:
439:
435:
432:
428:
426:
422:
419:
417:
414:
410:
408:
405:
401:
400:
397:
395:
392:
388:
386:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
365:
362:
358:
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351:
348:
344:
343:
339:
335:
333:
330:
326:
323:
319:
314:
312:
308:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
284:
268:
265:
262:
261:
260:
252:
249:
246:
244:
240:
235:
227:
218:
216:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
177:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
158:
157:
152:
147:
140:
134:
131:
126:
121:
109:
106:
105:
103:
102:
101:Pemóng–Panare
100:
99:
97:
96:
95:
91:
87:
81:
77:
71:
68:
64:
61:
57:
54:
50:
47:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
2182:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2121:
2110:Unclassified
2084:
2064:
2047:
2020:
1992:
1972:
1954:
1947:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1893:
1863:
1722:(Maku-Auari)
1556:
1516:Arutani-Sape
1313:
1283:
1180:
1176:
1166:
1149:
1145:
1126:
1121:
1108:
1081:
1075:
1056:
1050:
1031:
1025:
1015:, retrieved
979:
972:
963:
937:
923:
915:
899:
893:
888:
883:
881:
877:
874:
871:
867:
864:
859:
856:
851:
848:
843:
839:
836:
833:
829:
826:
821:
818:
810:
807:
798:
793:
789:
785:
781:
779:
775:Kapong yamok
774:
770:
766:
765:
754:
751:= in the sky
748:
742:
736:
730:
727:= the spirit
724:
721:= Sky People
718:
713:
494:
258:
250:
247:
236:
233:
224:
214:
212:
207:
203:
183:
182:
154:
107:
38:
2147:Paravilyana
1183:: 141–161.
860:he paddling
788:= book;
601:Orthography
2200:Categories
2154:Pawishiana
1949:Tiverikoto
1924:Pimenteira
1859:Hixkaryana
1851:Parukotoan
1759:Non-Native
1453:Indigenous
1017:2021-03-03
939:Ethnologue
925:Ethnologue
907:References
762:Morphology
710:Vocabulary
646:Consonants
279:Consonants
2185:indicate
1865:Katxúyana
1761:languages
1726:Nheengatu
1653:Jirajaran
1491:Paraujano
1486:Mandawaca
1455:languages
1442:Maracucho
1329:Wapishana
1090:cite book
1004:134838441
857:ikuurabök
743:Taemogoli
739:= warrior
554:Close-mid
470:Semivowel
383:voiceless
378:Fricative
316:voiceless
274:Phonology
156:Glottolog
130:ISO 639-3
59:Ethnicity
53:Venezuela
2221:Patamona
2129:Japréria
2092:Karihona
2077:Taranoan
2066:Wayumara
2055:Ye'kuana
2043:Kari'nja
2022:Tamanaku
1994:Purukotó
1886:Pekodian
1681:Timotean
1671:Jirajara
1630:Guahiban
1607:Chibchan
1592:Ye'kuana
1587:Tamanaku
1552:Japreria
1501:Warekena
1481:Caquetio
1463:Arawakan
1314:Patamona
1309:Mapidian
1158:30027731
1008:archived
934:Patamona
896:= 'like'
790:da kaata
294:Alveolar
289:Bilabial
269:Patamona
215:Ingarikó
208:Patamona
200:Kamarang
196:Mazaruni
163:kapo1251
67:Patamona
39:Ingarikó
2183:Italics
2134:Kuikuro
2123:Boanarí
2086:Akuriyo
2049:Palmela
1978:Makushi
1906:Bakairí
1780:Italian
1689:Mucuchí
1643:Guahibo
1582:Sikiana
1562:Macushi
1539:Cariban
1524:Arutani
1496:Piapoco
1437:Llanero
1432:Spanish
1304:Macushi
1294:Atorada
1284:Akawaio
1268:English
920:Akawaio
663:j - ~
514:Central
311:Plosive
299:Palatal
221:History
204:Akawaio
135:Either:
94:Cariban
63:Akawaio
2161:Sapará
2117:Apalaí
2097:Tiriyo
2060:Wayana
2011:Kumaná
1983:Panare
1973:Kapóng
1931:Yarumá
1911:Ikpéng
1895:Apingi
1876:Waiwai
1871:Salumá
1785:Romani
1768:German
1746:Yaruro
1736:Sanumá
1720:Jukude
1694:Timote
1661:Ayoman
1572:Panare
1557:Kapóng
1476:Baniwa
1471:Arawak
1324:Waiwai
1289:Arawak
1156:
1063:
1038:
1002:
900:-walai
796:book.
725:akwalo
719:Kapóng
499:Vowels
404:voiced
347:voiced
192:Guyana
184:Kapóng
176:Kapong
108:Kapóng
104:Pemóng
49:Guyana
33:Kapóng
2172:Yukpa
1988:Pemón
1901:Arara
1741:Warao
1731:Ninam
1710:Betoi
1703:Other
1666:Gayon
1638:Cuiba
1597:Yukpa
1577:Pemon
1547:Carib
1506:Wayuu
1334:Warao
1319:Pemon
1299:Carib
1154:JSTOR
1011:(PDF)
1000:S2CID
984:(PDF)
894:-kasa
849:Kanau
830:catch
827:yachi
819:molok
811:boys-
786:kaata
771:yamok
767:yamok
737:Waica
690:sh -
678:ng -
654:ch -
641:oi -
638:ei -
635:au -
632:ai -
526:Close
509:Front
425:Nasal
304:Velar
186:is a
2140:Opón
1956:Yaio
1917:Juma
1715:Hodï
1615:Barí
1529:Sapé
1100:link
1096:link
1061:ISBN
1036:ISBN
865:mang
852:boat
822:fish
749:Kapo
731:akwa
705:' -
702:z -
699:y -
696:w -
693:t -
687:s -
684:r -
681:p -
675:ñ -
672:n -
669:m -
666:k -
660:g -
657:d -
651:b -
629:u -
626:ö -
623:o -
620:ï -
617:i -
614:e -
611:a -
582:Open
519:Back
450:Flap
206:and
1620:Uwa
1185:doi
992:doi
936:at
922:at
171:ELP
146:pbc
139:ake
2202::
1181:41
1179:.
1175:.
1150:21
1148:.
1136:^
1092:}}
1088:{{
1006:,
998:,
986:,
950:^
868:is
813:PL
794:my
792:=
782:da
777:.
217:.
210:.
65:,
51:,
1835:e
1828:t
1821:v
1410:e
1403:t
1396:v
1246:e
1239:t
1232:v
1193:.
1187::
1160:.
1131:.
1116:”
1102:)
1069:.
1044:.
994::
884:ó
780:-
590:a
574:o
567:ʌ
560:e
546:u
539:ɨ
532:i
487:w
480:j
458:ɾ
438:n
431:m
413:z
391:s
370:g
361:d
354:b
338:k
329:t
322:p
20:)
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