631:
2564:
485:
1070:
205:
1012:, sent a letter to Cristea in which he questioned religious freedom in Romania, referring especially to the treatment of the Baptists. Cristea denied such claims and responded in a long document in which he said Temple was misled by the "perverse propaganda" and the "false mystification" of the Magyars, as well as the "ferocious and barbaric proselytism of the Pope". He further added, referring to neo-Protestants, that Romania should not allow to be "undermined by foreigners dressed in innocent pseudo-religious garb".
67:
812:. However, Cristea promised prosperity through some constitutional and social reforms, which were to include the "organized emigration of Jewish surplus population", that is, expulsion of all Jews who came to Romania during or after World War I. However, it eased the antisemitic restrictions imposed by the Goga government.
587:
As
Metropolitan-Primate and later Patriarch, Cristea continued the tradition of his predecessors to support whatever government was in power. The church acted as an agency of the state, for instance, in 1920, Cristea asked the clergymen to aid the state financially by encouraging the faithful to buy
984:
with the
Vatican and the Romanian Orthodox Church issued a statement against it saying that "the treaty subordinates the interests of the country and the sovereignty of the state to a foreign power". The Romanian Senate ratified it anyway on 26 May 1929, and Cristea, as a member of the regency, was
465:
led to a dispute between the
Romanian Orthodox Church and the Imperial authorities, when, twice in a row, the elected bishops were not recognized by emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria, at the recommendation of the Hungarian government. Cristea was the third choice, being chosen on 21 November 1910,
933:
His body was sent by train to
Bucharest, the funeral train stopping in all stations in Romania to permit believers to pay their last respects and say prayers before the body. On 7 March, a state of national mourning was ordered and all festivities were canceled. A week later, on 14 March, funeral
910:
His health deteriorated in
January 1939, suffering from two heart attacks, which prompted his doctors to recommend him to stay in a warmer place for a few months, in order to avoid the harsher Romanian winter. In response, on 1 February 1939, Călinescu took over most of Cristea's powers, while
996:
seceded many parishes from the
Orthodox Church and by 1936 they had built more than 40 churches. However, after 1935, the Romanian government began to suppress any opposition to the Orthodox Church and the churches were razed and some of the activists the imprisoned, while a number of clerics,
579:
was forced to resign on 1 December 1919 and on 31 December 1919, Cristea was chosen by the Great
Electoral College as the first Metropolitan-Primate of Greater Romania with 435 votes out of 447. The Romanian Orthodox Church was elevated to a patriarchate in 1925. On 1 November 1925, after a
958:, a multiethnic and multireligious state, Cristea feared that the ethnic minorities, as well as Romanians belonging to non-Orthodox creeds such as the Greek-Catholicism and the Jews would challenge the privileged status which the Orthodox Church had in pre-World War I Romania.
738:, Cristea responded to the request sent by the Tătărescu government on limiting the relationship between the clergy and the Iron Guard. Cristea invoked a Holy Synod which banned clergy from joining the Legion and disallowed political demonstrations and symbols in the churches.
1061:, the German ambassador, Cristea praised the antisemitic policy conducted by Nazi Germany and supporting such a policy in Romania, and the British Ambassador wrote in his report to London that "Nothing would induce him to talk about anything but the Jewish problem."
1048:
On 18 August 1937, he issued a statement which called the
Romanian nation "to fight the Jewish parasites" who spread "epidemics of corruption" throughout Romania and that the Romanians have "a national and patriotic duty" to protect themselves against the Jews:
1031:
rose in popularity, initially, Cristea's position towards them was of acceptance, especially since their program included loyalty to
Orthodoxism. Many Orthodox priests were attracted by the movement and it was common that their banners were blessed in churches.
1053:"The duty of a Christian is to love himself first and to see that his needs are satisfied. Only then can he help his neighbor. . . . Why should we not get rid of these parasites who suck Romanian Christian blood? It is logical and holy to react against them."
842:
minority, by disallowing religious service to small congregations with less than 100 heads of families, basically banning the services in around 1500 small chapels belonging to various non-Orthodox
Christian denominations. Despite worldwide protests from the
1081:
is currently a museum dedicated to his life. Each year, on Cristea's birthday, the Romanian Orthodox Patriarchate organizes the "Miron Cristea Days", dedicated to the first patriarch of the Church and which feature various cultural activities.
879:
Upon the approval of the new constitution, Cristea's government resigned on 30 March. He formed a new government later that day. The new government banned all political parties, their activity being only suspended before that.
1044:
rhetoric: he supported the revocation of the Romanian citizenship for Jewish people and their deportation, the Jews being in his opinion the major obstacle in "assuring preponderant rights to ethnic Romanians".
1169:
1035:
In 1937, Cristea realized that the Iron Guard was decreasing the loyalty of both the Orthodox Christians and the lower-ranked clergy to the church hierarchy and began to oppose the Guard, while adopting their
554:
and Bishop Cristea lead the religious service of commemoration and held a nationalist speech in which he drew a parallel between King Ferdinand I and Michael the Brave and recommended the King to not stop at
1001:, were beaten to death. Protests against the authorities' actions were met with repression by police and the leader of Old Calendarists, Tănase, was accused of being an instigator and sentenced to death.
898:
was formed as the only legally permitted party. On 1 January 1939; Cristea's government visited the Royal Palace wearing uniforms. When they met Carol, Cristea and the ministers greeted him with the
516:
and Romania. On 21 November, Cristea, as archbishop of Caransebeș joined the organization and recognized it as the only ruling body of the Romanian nation in Transylvania. On 1 December, he was (with
985:
forced to sign it. This has led again to discussions about the incompatibility between his two posts and there were discussions on whether Cristea would have resigned rather than sign the Concordat.
887:, the leader of the Iron Guard, attacked in a letter the politicians who supported Carol II, including Prime Minister Cristea and members of his government. Codreanu was arrested for slander against
754:. Cristea was named Prime Minister on 11 February 1938. He headed a government that included seven former prime ministers and members of all major parties except for Codreanu's Iron Guard and Goga's
946:
Cristea's political positions were nationalistic, seeing for Romania external threats from both the east, in the form of communism and the Soviet Union and from the capitalist and modernist west.
481:
by the Orthodox Bishopric of Transylvania. The letter called to arms all believers against "Romania the new enemy which sinfully covets to ruin the borders, coming to conquer Transylvania".
3435:
1949:
1327:
782:, arguing that "the monster with 29 electoral heads was destroyed" (referring to the 29 political parties which were to be banned) and claiming that the king shall bring salvation.
2045:
1020:
Early during his tenure as Patriarch, Cristea supported tolerance towards the Jewish people. For instance, in 1928, he made an appeal towards the Romanian students to observe the
4475:
4387:
3349:
724:
4480:
4281:
666:
1984:
The Grey Book. A Collection of Protests against antisemitism and the Persecution of Jews issued by Non-Roman Catholic Churches and Church Leaders during Hitler's Rule
1161:
1350:
442:
Returning to Transylvania, he was a secretary (between 1895 and 1902), then a counselor (1902–1909) at the Archbishopric of Sibiu. It was then that he was ordained
3483:
4465:
3222:
4345:
4087:
993:
2414:
2321:
4369:
4099:
4440:
3145:
1058:
862:
was announced, which organized Romania as a "corporatist state" similar to the one of Fascist Italy, with a parliament made up of representatives of the
746:
In a bid for political unity against the Iron Guard, which was gaining popularity, on 10 February 1938, Carol dismissed the government of Prime Minister
4357:
2308:
2290:
2278:
998:
3855:
2266:
4470:
4445:
4328:
4269:
4217:
4111:
4028:
3980:
3964:
3884:
3804:
3797:
3783:
1240:
764:
magazine described him as a "puppet Premier" of Carol II, whereas historian Joseph Rothschild considered that it was Cristea's vice-prime-minister,
447:
4034:
3918:
3861:
3459:
401:
4363:
4247:
4145:
4093:
3696:
3189:
2448:
804:, which allowed among other things, searches without warrant and the military appropriation of privately held guns. He also imposed harsh press
4259:
727:
resigned from the regency and the following day, the Parliament revoked the 1926 law which gave the throne to Mihai, Carol becoming King again.
4393:
1594:
4105:
1999:
1544:
1366:
1094:
1462:
4322:
4287:
1961:
866:
of farmers, workers and intellectuals. Four days later, on 24 February, the constitution was approved, with 99.87% of votes for, through a
1266:
2042:
454:
in 1902, taking the monastic name of Miron. He climbed the monastery hierarchy, becoming an archmonk in 1903 and a protosingel in 1908.
2563:
1101:, called for the coin be withdrawn. On 20 August, the National Bank of Romania announced that it would not withdraw the Cristea coin.
730:
Cristea kept his loyalty to King Carol II throughout his rule. In March 1937, as the King attempted to suppress the influence of the
4460:
2407:
3138:
1193:
1098:
867:
1711:
4263:
4022:
3829:
2438:
2233:
512:, on 18 October 1918, the Central National Romanian Central Council was formed, an organization which fought for the union of
3590:
2910:
1310:
989:
204:
600:
elements, arguing that Orthodox religion was integral to the Romanian soul, and he argued that the church's values include "
3911:
3227:
2115:
4455:
4435:
4138:
3689:
2400:
1492:
697:. In retaliation, Cristea requested that the iconographer Belizarie paint Ionescu's face on a figure of the devil in the
3169:
3131:
1425:
3154:
2030:
1930:
1909:
1873:
1575:
1512:
1397:
1209:
1105:
689:
after Ionescu attacked Cristea for hypocrisy in newspaper articles following a lavish dinner with Cristea during the
1220:
Anton Drăgoiescu (editor), "Politică, biserică și școală la sașii ardeleni în perioada dualismului (1867–1918)", in
4485:
779:
412:(1887–1890), after which he became a teacher and principal at the Romanian Orthodox school of Orăștie (1890–1891).
424:
3904:
393:
4425:
3354:
1089:
minted a commemorative coin bearing Cristea's image as a part of a collectors' series of five coins showing the
4430:
4131:
3682:
3174:
2366:
1567:
935:
698:
183:
4123:
3424:
3419:
2862:
1763:
1692:
3896:
2974:
2650:
2635:
2361:
859:
832:
750:
and seized emergency powers. He suspended the constitution, suspended all political activity, and ruled by
375:, a position in which he served for about a year (between 11 February 1938 and his death on 6 March 1939).
3674:
4450:
2548:
2528:
2381:
2371:
2111:
1237:
1005:
824:
786:
4040:
2503:
1675:"King Carol's Romania: Recent Steps on the Path to a Royal Dictatorship; Measures against the Jews", in
4229:
4046:
3335:
3179:
2900:
2226:
2022:
895:
848:
654:
605:
572:
1719:
356:
in 1919. As the Church was raised to a rank of Patriarchate, Miron Cristea was enthroned as the first
3936:
3714:
2842:
2423:
2193:
716:, but despite the bleak predictions about his health state, he was soon able to return to Bucharest.
372:
220:
58:
2991:
894:
By the end of 1938, Carol II introduced even more Fascist-inspired elements. In December 1938, the
3523:
2246:
2242:
2161:
2140:
1591:
1090:
1086:
974:
361:
357:
90:
80:
54:
2333:
2133:
785:
The new government stopped the antisemitic violence that was unleashed under Goga's rule, but the
664:
Cristea's involvement in politics was, however, controversial, being criticised by journalists at
576:
462:
116:
3970:
3878:
3790:
3763:
2827:
2797:
2124:
1847:
1649:
1459:
1389:
884:
872:
630:
3927:
3748:
3532:
3313:
2875:
2780:
2770:
2705:
1263:
838:
Among the policies Cristea introduced during his rule as Prime Minister was a crackdown on the
705:
525:
497:
484:
2473:
876:
as a "farse" for its lack of vote secrecy and the lack of information given to rural voters .
615:
to the church, including, briefly, the celebration of Pascha (Easter) on the same date as the
4154:
3843:
3705:
3624:
3492:
3444:
2928:
2822:
2740:
2685:
2376:
2326:
2219:
1923:
Protestantism and politics in eastern Europe and Russia: the communist and postcommunist eras
1708:
Romanians and Hungarians. Legislation, everyday life and stereotypes in interwar Transilvania
616:
474:
2735:
2720:
2695:
2675:
2660:
2483:
2468:
4420:
4415:
3849:
3758:
3594:
3567:
3390:
3329:
3082:
3054:
2985:
2791:
2610:
2543:
2523:
1587:
815:
The external politics of the Cristea government were based on seeking an alliance with the
650:
477:' side, Cristea signed on 1 September 1916, a public letter to the parishioners printed at
4177:
4014:
3576:
3557:
2817:
2690:
2585:
8:
4375:
3608:
3543:
3513:
3374:
3212:
2951:
2885:
2313:
2295:
2283:
2254:
1832:
1677:
1634:
1445:
720:
349:
241:
4254:
4209:
4193:
4173:
4065:
4018:
3997:
3960:
3779:
2812:
2271:
2211:
2203:
852:
765:
275:
251:
4293:
4052:
3738:
3297:
3277:
3263:
3247:
2760:
2750:
2725:
2710:
2680:
2572:
2478:
1887:
1793:
1778:
1748:
1733:
1616:
1526:
1411:
1302:
1009:
794:
612:
436:
4275:
3743:
3237:
2847:
2700:
2615:
2600:
2590:
2580:
2553:
2538:
2493:
1190:
1069:
371:
banned political parties and established a royal dictatorship, he chose Cristea to be
4351:
4305:
4213:
4070:
3464:
3345:
2625:
2303:
2026:
1926:
1905:
1869:
1706:
1571:
1508:
1500:
1393:
1306:
1205:
970:
835:
and with which it tried to create a neutral block between Nazi Germany and the USSR.
658:
547:
466:
and obtaining the recognition from the authorities; he became an archbishop in 1919.
337:
324:
3642:
3630:
3618:
3026:
2962:
2957:
2508:
639:
66:
3503:
3454:
3071:
2923:
2655:
2645:
2630:
2620:
2258:
2171:
2065:
927:
790:
620:
501:
126:
3547:
3471:
3076:
3065:
3032:
2890:
2730:
988:
After Cristea introduced reforms such as switching to the Gregorian calendar, the
551:
517:
489:
4381:
4223:
3974:
3281:
3242:
3037:
2968:
2595:
2513:
2462:
2107:
2049:
1987:
1950:"Alibi for prejudice: Eastern Orthodoxy, the Holocaust, and Romanian nationalism"
1715:
1598:
1592:"The Ruler and the Patriarch: The Romanian Eastern Orthodox Church in Transition"
1549:
1496:
1471:
1466:
1275:
1270:
1244:
1197:
1173:
966:
955:
760:
647:
529:
353:
152:
4235:
4153:
3986:
3818:
3811:
3648:
3636:
3507:
3089:
2933:
2670:
2518:
2456:
1233:
1140:
899:
816:
801:
589:
432:
2895:
1487:
926:. He stayed in Cannes for treatment, but died two weeks later, on 6 March, of
4409:
4008:
3992:
3836:
3825:
3753:
3551:
3396:
3059:
3014:
3002:
2837:
2802:
2765:
2665:
2640:
2605:
2392:
2186:
2004:
1371:
1037:
888:
839:
809:
747:
713:
694:
690:
458:
263:
3926:
3401:
3123:
1815:
Faith, Murder, Resurrection: The Iron Guard and the Romanian Orthodox Church
682:
offices being vandalized by hooligans, allegedly incited by the government.
504:) that brought to Bucharest the Unification Act of Transylvania with Romania
4241:
4002:
3704:
3537:
3109:
3042:
3020:
3008:
2996:
2939:
2880:
2715:
2077:
1524:"Patriarch forms cabinet as anti-semitic regime of Goga falls in Rumania",
923:
772:
709:
540:
513:
25:
4299:
4058:
3613:
3603:
3497:
3048:
2945:
2918:
2870:
2852:
2832:
2785:
2775:
2755:
2745:
1328:"Patriarhii care au făcut politica Domnului, uneori și pe cea a României"
1021:
708:
by his medics), Cristea retired for several months to a country house in
686:
624:
593:
521:
509:
493:
470:
451:
405:
1332:
911:
Cristea remained nominally the Prime Minister at the King's insistence.
755:
546:
On 28 May 1919, the King and government of Romania went to the grave of
397:
3449:
3105:
1249:
1041:
1028:
805:
776:
735:
601:
584:
was held, Cristea was named Patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church.
560:
416:
1078:
847:, the ban was only lifted after Cristea's death by his successor, the
793:'s racist, fascist ideology fit comfortably with the social views and
627:
of Bessarabia refused to accept the orders given by the Patriarchate.
389:
148:
2533:
2498:
2488:
2348:
1024:
and he expressed regrets for attacks and profanations of synagogues.
981:
962:
675:
532:
428:
420:
392:
to Gheorghe and Domnița Cristea, a peasant family, he studied at the
193:
44:
38:
3193:
2979:
844:
671:
368:
997:
including hieromonk Pambo and five monks from the Old Calendarist
723:
returned to Romania to assume power. On 7 July, Miron Cristea and
678:. This resulted in the issue being confiscated by the police, and
3158:
2427:
1632:
AP, "Rumania Seeking to Patch Up Alliance With France, Britain",
1504:
731:
597:
536:
342:
50:
2078:
Romania: We Will Not Withdraw Coin Depicting anti-Semitic Leader
919:
915:
828:
820:
751:
643:
478:
443:
173:
169:
2092:
Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima
922:, but contracted pneumonia while waiting for his niece in the
348:
A bishop in Hungarian-ruled Transylvania, Cristea was elected
934:
services were held in Bucharest, Cristea being buried in the
863:
581:
556:
446:
in 1900 and archdeacon in 1901. Cristea became a monk at the
409:
619:. This was opposed by various groups of traditionalists and
2019:
Roots of Hate: Anti-Semitism in Europe Before the Holocaust
1430:
1162:"Membrii transilvăneni ai Academiei Române (sesiunea 1919)"
329:
1386:
Rumania : 1866–1947 (Oxford History of Modern Europe)
431:
in 1895 – with a dissertation about the life and works of
2241:
1862:
Orthodoxie et Roumanité: Le débat de l'entre deux guerres
670:
newspaper, who accused him of trying to play the role of
1761:"Shifts in Rumanian Cabinet Extend Authoritarian Rule",
1614:"Carol names body to draft chapter of people's rights",
1168:, Editura Academiei Române, 2007, ISSN 1584-4390 p. 73
949:
827:
supported by the Goga government. Cristea also visited
4476:
Delegates of the Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia
1819:
Antisemitism, Christian Ambivalence, and the Holocaust
1224:, Editura "George Barițiu", Cluj-Napoca, 1999, p. 248
704:
In 1929, because of a serious illness (identified as
566:
2108:
Newspaper clippings about Patriarch Miron of Romania
2066:"Romania bank to review 'anti-Semitic' Cristea coin"
1501:
International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania
800:
At Carol's direction, Cristea's government declared
4481:
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
1690:"Rumanian Cabinet Resigns to Form New Government",
941:
1731:"Rumanian Cabinet Gives Fascist Salute to Carol",
2043:"Manifestări dedicate patriarhului Miron Cristea"
1947:
905:
693:at which they were served, amongst other things,
608:to authorities" alongside "faith and morality".
4407:
1902:The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity
1662:"Rumania Made a Fascist State by King's Edict",
1204:, Editura Univers Enciclopedic, Bucharest, 1996
1166:Anuarul Institutului de Istorie "George Bariţiu"
954:As he became the head of the Orthodox Church in
823:, away from the friendship with the Berlin-Rome
768:, who held the power in the Cristea government.
1647:"Polish-Rumanian staff talks: Common defence",
2422:
1564:East Central Europe Between the Two World Wars
1483:
1481:
535:delegation that called for the unification of
16:Romanian Orthodox patriarch and prime minister
4466:Burials at the Romanian Patriarchal Cathedral
4139:
3912:
3690:
3153:
3139:
2408:
2227:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
634:Standard of the Regent of Romania (1927–1930)
623:, especially in Moldavia, where Metropolitan
1885:"Concordat approved by Rumanian Senate", in
1845:"Rumanian Patriarch to be Primate's Guest",
1821:, 2007, Indiana University Press pp. 147–150
1540:
1538:
1536:
741:
352:of the Orthodox Church of the newly unified
1478:
1409:"Edit Bucharest paper with pistols handy",
1351:"Patimile Bisericii Ortodoxe de Stil Vechi"
4441:Patriarchs of the Romanian Orthodox Church
4146:
4132:
3919:
3905:
3697:
3683:
3146:
3132:
2415:
2401:
2234:
2220:
2094:. Belgrade: Službeni Glasnik. p. 363.
1776:"Rumania will honor body of patriarch" in
1628:
1626:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1117:
203:
65:
3667:indicates incumbent/current officeholder.
1943:
1941:
1939:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1533:
1097:, international archives director at the
891:and killed "while attempting to escape".
870:, described by a contemporary article in
408:(1883–1887), at the Orthodox Seminary of
4471:Honorary members of the Romanian Academy
4446:Eastern Orthodoxy and far-right politics
4049:(Industry and Commerce/National Economy)
3484:Presidium of the Great National Assembly
1443:"Roumania Patriarch Feared Near Death",
1068:
914:On 24 February 1939, Cristea arrived in
629:
483:
233:11 February 1938 – 6 March 1939
4043:(Agriculture, Domains and Cooperatives)
3846:(Agriculture, Domains and Cooperatives)
1623:
1339:
1316:
1282:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1099:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
980:Cristea strongly opposed the idea of a
611:Cristea introduced reforms such as the
457:In 1908, following the death of bishop
4408:
4073:(Labour, Health and Social Protection)
3864:(Labour, Health and Social Protection)
2439:List of heads of government of Romania
2089:
1986:, Van Gorcum & Comp, Assen, 1969 (
1936:
1800:
571:Because of his collaboration with the
4157:(1 February 1939 – 28 September 1939)
4127:
3900:
3678:
3436:Provisional Presidium of the Republic
3127:
2396:
2215:
1915:
1264:"Slujitorii altarului și Marea Unire"
1238:"Întrebări la care nu voiam să ajung"
1185:
1183:
1181:
1138:"Patriarch Cristea of Rumania dies",
990:Old Calendar Romanian Orthodox Church
341:; 20 July 1868 – 6 March 1939) was a
336:
323:
4096:(Interior for Press and Information)
1948:William O. Oldson (September 2002).
1147:
950:Toward other Christian denominations
559:, but continuing all the way to the
427:(1891–1895), where he was awarded a
1603:East European Constitutional Review
1460:"Principele Nicolae așa cum a fost"
961:Nevertheless, Cristea attempted an
592:. Cristea's discourse incorporated
473:, as Romania joined the war on the
13:
1830:"Death of Premier of Romania", in
1178:
1015:
699:Patriarchal Cathedral in Bucharest
567:Metropolitan-Primate and Patriarch
14:
4497:
4296:(Public Works and Communications)
4055:(Public Works and Communications)
3930:(30 March 1938 – 1 February 1939)
3852:(Public Works and Communications)
3708:(2 February 1938 – 30 March 1938)
2101:
797:of the Romanian Orthodox Church.
685:A dispute arose with philosopher
674:and being a member of the palace
3663:indicate interim officeholders.
3190:United Principalities of Romania
3116:indicates current office holder.
2562:
1605:, Volume 7 Number 2, Spring 1998
1073:Miron on a 2018 stamp of Romania
942:Political positions and policies
4461:Deaths from pneumonia in France
2083:
2071:
2059:
2036:
2011:
1993:
1976:
1925:, Duke University Press, 1992,
1894:
1879:
1854:
1839:
1824:
1785:
1770:
1755:
1746:"Rumanian Premier Very Ill" in
1740:
1725:
1699:
1684:
1669:
1656:
1641:
1608:
1581:
1556:
1518:
1452:
1437:
1418:
1403:
1378:
1360:
1057:In 1938, during a meeting with
758:, which had violently clashed.
4308:(Health and Social Protection)
2125:Eastern Orthodox Church titles
1568:University of Washington Press
1256:
1227:
1214:
930:complicated by heart disease.
906:Deteriorating health and death
488:The Transylvanian delegation (
184:Romanian Patriarchal Cathedral
49:Locum tenens of the throne of
37:By God's mercy, Archbishop of
1:
3425:Socialist Republic of Romania
2080:, haaretz.com, 20 August 2010
1764:The Christian Science Monitor
1693:The Christian Science Monitor
1202:Dicționarul Teologilor Români
1111:
1027:In the 1930s, as the Fascist
789:in place was not altered, as
383:
4378:(Religious Affairs and Arts)
4250:(Religious Affairs and Arts)
4108:(Religious Affairs and Arts)
4011:(Religious Affairs and Arts)
3822:(Religious Affairs and Arts)
1960:(3): 303–304. Archived from
1868:, E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1986
1104:Patriarch Miron was awarded
701:'s Apocalypse-themed mural.
378:
127:Patriarch Nicodim of Romania
7:
4325:(Public Wealth Registering)
2141:Metropolitan of All Romania
2112:20th Century Press Archives
2068:, BBC Online, 6 August 2010
575:, the Metropolitan-Primate
394:Saxon Evangelical Gymnasium
10:
4502:
4456:Romanian Austro-Hungarians
4436:Prime ministers of Romania
3420:Romanian People's Republic
2023:Cambridge University Press
1866:Rumanian studies 1980–1986
1299:Orthodoxy and the Cold War
896:National Renaissance Front
849:National Renaissance Front
655:Prince Nicholas of Romania
638:In 1927, he was chosen by
31:Patriarch Miron of Romania
4390:(Agriculture and Domains)
4338:
4315:
4284:(Agriculture and Domains)
4202:
4186:
4162:
4081:Undersecretaries of State
4080:
3953:
3935:
3872:Undersecretaries of State
3871:
3772:
3731:
3713:
3658:
3589:
3566:
3522:
3482:
3434:
3418:
3383:
3367:
3322:
3306:
3290:
3276:
3256:
3221:
3205:
3188:
3170:Heads of state of Romania
3165:
3099:
2909:
2861:
2571:
2560:
2447:
2434:
2347:
2253:
2200:
2194:Prime Minister of Romania
2191:
2183:
2178:
2168:
2159:
2154:
2138:
2130:
2123:
2090:Acović, Dragomir (2012).
1904:, 2001, Wiley-Blackwell,
1638:, 12 February 1938, p. X1
1465:26 September 2007 at the
1449:, 16 September 1929, p. 2
1106:Order of Karađorđe's Star
1091:Patriarchs of All Romania
1064:
831:, with which Romania had
742:Prime Minister of Romania
373:Prime Minister of Romania
325:[miˈronˈkriste̯a]
310:
306:
298:
290:
285:
281:
269:
257:
247:
237:
226:
221:Prime Minister of Romania
219:
215:
211:
199:
189:
179:
159:
137:
132:
122:
112:
104:
96:
86:
76:
64:
59:Prime Minister of Romania
36:
23:
4041:Gheorghe Ionescu-Sisești
2247:Romanian Orthodox Church
2162:Patriarch of All Romania
1666:, 21 February 1938, p. 1
1620:, 13 February 1938, p. 1
1597:8 September 2008 at the
1530:, 11 February 1938, p. 1
1367:"Speech from the Throne"
1087:National Bank of Romania
975:Archbishop of Canterbury
573:German occupation troops
362:Romanian Orthodox Church
55:Patriarch of All Romania
4486:Antisemitism in Romania
4348:(Government Presidency)
4339:Subsecretaries of State
4090:(Government Presidency)
3971:Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen
3879:Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen
3568:President of SR Romania
1954:East European Quarterly
1848:The Manchester Guardian
1720:Babeș-Bolyai University
1714:26 January 2007 at the
1650:The Manchester Guardian
1390:Oxford University Press
1077:His birthplace home in
885:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu
873:The Manchester Guardian
787:antisemitic legislation
642:to be one of the three
345:cleric and politician.
321:Romanian pronunciation:
3928:Second Cristea cabinet
3749:Alexandru Vaida-Voevod
3533:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
1982:Johan Martinus Snoek,
1836:, 7 March 1939, page 6
1817:, in Kevin P. Spicer,
1797:, 15 March 1939; p. 29
1752:1 February 1939, pg. 7
1737:, 2 January 1939, p. 1
1696:, 30 March 1938, p. 1
1415:, 20 April 1926, p. 27
1269:3 October 2008 at the
1196:9 October 2007 at the
1074:
1055:
734:movement known as the
635:
526:Alexandru Vaida-Voevod
505:
498:Alexandru Vaida-Voevod
461:, the election of the
425:University of Budapest
4431:Romanian nationalists
4282:Nicolae D. Cornăţeanu
4230:Mitiță Constantinescu
4187:Deputy Prime Minister
4155:Third Cristea cabinet
4047:Mitiță Constantinescu
3850:Constantin Anghelescu
3844:Constantin Argetoianu
3759:Constantin Anghelescu
3706:First Cristea cabinet
3493:Constantin Ion Parhon
3445:Constantin Ion Parhon
3405:between 1940 and 1944
3175:Presidents of Romania
2449:United Principalities
2334:Conon Arămescu-Donici
2134:Conon Arămescu-Donici
1681:, 31 March 1938, p. 6
1664:Chicago Daily Tribune
1222:Istoria Transilvaniei
1144:, 7 March 1939; p. 18
1072:
1051:
936:Patriarchal Cathedral
633:
617:Roman Catholic Church
577:Conon Arămescu-Donici
487:
415:Cristea then studied
117:Conon Arămescu-Donici
4372:(National Education)
4316:Secretaries of State
4278:(Armament Endowment)
4244:(National Education)
4102:(National Education)
4037:(Armament Endowment)
4005:(National Education)
3814:(National Education)
3595:President of Romania
3350:Constantin Sărăţeanu
3223:Princely Lieutenancy
2048:21 July 2011 at the
2000:"Logical & Holy"
1891:, 27 May 1929, pg. 7
1588:Alina Mungiu-Pippidi
1495:29 June 2007 at the
1243:26 July 2011 at the
924:Nice railway station
775:, Cristea denounced
725:Constantin Sărățeanu
651:Michael I of Romania
463:bishop of Caransebeș
400:(1879–1883), at the
350:Metropolitan-Primate
51:Caesarea Cappadociae
4426:People from Toplița
4376:Ion Marin Sadoveanu
4019:Nicolae G. Ciupercă
3609:Emil Constantinescu
3544:Ion Gheorghe Maurer
3514:Ion Gheorghe Maurer
3213:Alexandru Ioan Cuza
1860:Catherine Durandin
1833:Manchester Guardian
1782:8 March 1939, pg. 8
1678:Manchester Guardian
1653:, 31 May 1938, p. 6
1635:The Washington Post
1562:Joseph Rothschild,
1446:The Washington Post
508:Towards the end of
4451:Regents of Romania
4396:(National Economy)
4384:(National Defence)
4294:Mihail Ghelmegeanu
4290:(National Economy)
4226:(External Affairs)
4114:(National Defence)
4053:Mihail Ghelmegeanu
3977:(External Affairs)
3887:(National Defence)
3881:(External Affairs)
3794:(External Affairs)
3791:Gheorghe Tătărescu
3764:Gheorghe Tătărescu
3739:Alexandru Averescu
3732:Ministers of State
3278:Kingdom of Romania
3248:Nicolae Haralambie
2911:Romania since 1989
2736:Ion I. C. Brătianu
2721:Ion I. C. Brătianu
2696:Ion I. C. Brătianu
2676:Ion I. C. Brătianu
2661:Ion I. C. Brătianu
2573:Kingdom of Romania
2322:Atanasie Mironescu
2179:Political offices
2017:William Brustein,
1921:Sabrina P. Ramet,
1900:Ken Parry et al.,
1888:The New York Times
1851:5 June 1936, p. 10
1794:The New York Times
1779:The New York Times
1749:The New York Times
1734:The New York Times
1617:The New York Times
1527:The New York Times
1412:The New York Times
1303:Palgrave Macmillan
1262:Mircea Păcurariu,
1189:Mircea Păcurariu,
1172:2016-03-03 at the
1085:In July 2010, the
1075:
1010:Archbishop of York
965:close-up with the
858:On 20 February, a
795:political theology
636:
613:Gregorian calendar
506:
4403:
4402:
4352:Gabriel Marinescu
4306:Nicolae Marinescu
4214:Gabriel Marinescu
4178:Gheorghe Argeșanu
4121:
4120:
4071:Nicolae Marinescu
4015:Gheorghe Argeșanu
3894:
3893:
3672:
3671:
3591:Post–1989 Romania
3585:
3584:
3577:Nicolae Ceaușescu
3558:Nicolae Ceaușescu
3414:
3413:
3346:Gheorghe Buzdugan
3272:
3271:
3180:Romanian monarchs
3121:
3120:
2975:Popescu-Tăriceanu
2390:
2389:
2304:Ghenadie Petrescu
2210:
2209:
2201:Succeeded by
2169:Succeeded by
1964:on 15 August 2020
1813:Paul A. Shapiro,
1434:, 3 February 2007
1375:, 7 January 1929
1355:Evenimentul Zilei
1311:978-0-230-21801-7
1297:Lucian Leuștean,
1059:Wilhelm Fabricius
971:Cosmo Gordon Lang
808:and restored the
659:Gheorghe Buzdugan
548:Michael the Brave
314:
313:
81:Romanian Orthodox
4493:
4346:Mihail Măgureanu
4272:(Air and Marine)
4264:National Defence
4255:Armand Călinescu
4210:Armand Călinescu
4194:Armand Călinescu
4174:Armand Călinescu
4148:
4141:
4134:
4125:
4124:
4088:Mihail Măgureanu
4066:Armand Călinescu
4031:(Air and Marine)
4023:National Defence
3998:Armand Călinescu
3961:Armand Călinescu
3921:
3914:
3907:
3898:
3897:
3840:(Air and Marine)
3830:National Defence
3780:Armand Călinescu
3699:
3692:
3685:
3676:
3675:
3625:Nicolae Văcăroiu
3504:Mihail Sadoveanu
3468:
3455:Mihail Sadoveanu
3432:
3431:
3358:
3288:
3287:
3231:
3203:
3202:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3125:
3124:
3112:office holders.
2566:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2394:
2393:
2377:Teoctist Arăpașu
2367:Justinian Marina
2362:Nicodim Munteanu
2330:
2317:
2309:Iosif Gheorghian
2299:
2291:Iosif Gheorghian
2287:
2279:Calinic Miclescu
2275:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2204:Armand Călinescu
2184:Preceded by
2172:Nicodim Munteanu
2131:Preceded by
2121:
2120:
2096:
2095:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2040:
2034:
2015:
2009:
2008:, March 28, 1938
1997:
1991:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1945:
1934:
1919:
1913:
1898:
1892:
1883:
1877:
1858:
1852:
1843:
1837:
1828:
1822:
1811:
1798:
1789:
1783:
1774:
1768:
1759:
1753:
1744:
1738:
1729:
1723:
1703:
1697:
1688:
1682:
1673:
1667:
1660:
1654:
1645:
1639:
1630:
1621:
1612:
1606:
1585:
1579:
1560:
1554:
1542:
1531:
1522:
1516:
1485:
1476:
1456:
1450:
1441:
1435:
1422:
1416:
1407:
1401:
1384:Keith Hitchins,
1382:
1376:
1364:
1358:
1357:, 4 January 2004
1348:
1337:
1325:
1314:
1295:
1280:
1260:
1254:
1231:
1225:
1218:
1212:
1187:
1176:
1160:Gheorghe Iancu,
1158:
1145:
1136:
999:Cucova Monastery
994:Glicherie Tănase
928:bronchopneumonia
860:new constitution
853:Armand Călinescu
791:Nichifor Crainic
773:inaugural speech
766:Armand Călinescu
719:On 6 July 1930,
621:Old Calendarists
530:Austro-Hungarian
502:Caius Brediceanu
340:
338:[eˈli.e]
327:
322:
286:Personal details
276:Armand Călinescu
272:
260:
252:Armand Călinescu
231:
207:
166:
133:Personal details
69:
43:Metropolitan of
21:
20:
4501:
4500:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4382:Gheorghe Mihail
4370:Dumitru V. Ţoni
4334:
4329:Silviu Dragomir
4311:
4276:Victor Slăvescu
4270:Paul Teodorescu
4224:Grigore Gafencu
4198:
4182:
4158:
4152:
4122:
4117:
4112:Alexandru Glatz
4100:Dumitru V. Țoni
4076:
4029:Paul Teodorescu
3981:Mircea Cancicov
3975:Grigore Gafencu
3949:
3931:
3925:
3895:
3890:
3885:Paul Teodorescu
3867:
3805:Mircea Cancicov
3798:Mircea Cancicov
3768:
3744:Artur Văitoianu
3727:
3709:
3703:
3673:
3668:
3654:
3593:
3581:
3562:
3518:
3478:
3462:
3427:
3423:
3410:
3379:
3363:
3352:
3336:Prince Nicholas
3318:
3302:
3282:King of Romania
3280:
3268:
3252:
3243:Nicolae Golescu
3238:Lascăr Catargiu
3225:
3217:
3192:
3184:
3161:
3152:
3122:
3117:
3095:
2905:
2857:
2591:Ion C. Brătianu
2581:Ion C. Brătianu
2567:
2558:
2554:Ion C. Brătianu
2443:
2430:
2424:Prime Ministers
2421:
2391:
2386:
2382:Daniel Ciobotea
2372:Iustin Moisescu
2343:
2324:
2311:
2293:
2281:
2269:
2249:
2240:
2206:
2197:
2189:
2174:
2165:
2144:
2136:
2104:
2099:
2088:
2084:
2076:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2050:Wayback Machine
2041:
2037:
2016:
2012:
1998:
1994:
1988:Guttenberg text
1981:
1977:
1967:
1965:
1946:
1937:
1920:
1916:
1899:
1895:
1884:
1880:
1859:
1855:
1844:
1840:
1829:
1825:
1812:
1801:
1790:
1786:
1775:
1771:
1760:
1756:
1745:
1741:
1730:
1726:
1716:Wayback Machine
1705:Adrian Majuru,
1704:
1700:
1689:
1685:
1674:
1670:
1661:
1657:
1646:
1642:
1631:
1624:
1613:
1609:
1599:Wayback Machine
1586:
1582:
1561:
1557:
1553:, 24 April 1939
1545:"Noble Gesture"
1543:
1534:
1523:
1519:
1497:Wayback Machine
1486:
1479:
1475:, no. 11 / 2000
1472:Magazin Istoric
1467:Wayback Machine
1457:
1453:
1442:
1438:
1423:
1419:
1408:
1404:
1383:
1379:
1365:
1361:
1349:
1340:
1336:, 4 August 2007
1326:
1317:
1296:
1283:
1276:Magazin Istoric
1271:Wayback Machine
1261:
1257:
1245:Wayback Machine
1232:
1228:
1219:
1215:
1198:Wayback Machine
1191:"Miron Cristea"
1188:
1179:
1174:Wayback Machine
1159:
1148:
1137:
1118:
1114:
1093:. In response,
1067:
1018:
1016:Toward the Jews
967:Anglican Church
956:Greater Romania
952:
944:
908:
883:In March 1938,
744:
569:
386:
381:
367:In 1938, after
354:Greater Romania
320:
291:Political party
270:
258:
232:
227:
168:
164:
155:
153:Austria-Hungary
146:
144:
143:
72:
57:
53:
48:
42:
32:
29:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4499:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4391:
4385:
4379:
4373:
4367:
4361:
4358:Coriolan Băran
4355:
4349:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4326:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4279:
4273:
4267:
4251:
4245:
4239:
4236:Victor Iamandi
4233:
4227:
4221:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4166:
4164:
4163:Prime Minister
4160:
4159:
4151:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4128:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4109:
4103:
4097:
4091:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4062:
4056:
4050:
4044:
4038:
4035:Iosif Iacobici
4032:
4026:
4012:
4006:
3990:
3987:Victor Iamandi
3984:
3978:
3968:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3941:
3939:
3937:Prime Minister
3933:
3932:
3924:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3901:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3882:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3862:Ion Costinescu
3859:
3853:
3847:
3841:
3833:
3823:
3819:Victor Iamandi
3815:
3812:Victor Iamandi
3809:
3801:
3795:
3787:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3719:
3717:
3715:Prime Minister
3711:
3710:
3702:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3679:
3670:
3669:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3649:Klaus Iohannis
3645:
3643:Traian Băsescu
3640:
3637:Crin Antonescu
3633:
3631:Traian Băsescu
3628:
3621:
3619:Traian Băsescu
3616:
3611:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3597:(1989–present)
3587:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3573:
3571:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3540:
3535:
3529:
3527:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3508:Anton Moisescu
3500:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3460:Gheorghe Stere
3457:
3452:
3441:
3439:
3429:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3343:
3338:
3334:under regents
3326:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3294:
3292:
3285:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3234:
3232:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3200:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3155:Heads of state
3151:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3128:
3119:
3118:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3023:
3018:
3011:
3006:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2948:
2943:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2915:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2459:
2453:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2397:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2319:
2306:
2301:
2288:
2276:
2263:
2261:
2251:
2250:
2239:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2216:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2199:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2167:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:Title Renamed
2146:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2119:
2118:
2103:
2102:External links
2100:
2098:
2097:
2082:
2070:
2058:
2056:, 19 July 2007
2035:
2010:
1992:
1975:
1935:
1914:
1893:
1878:
1853:
1838:
1823:
1799:
1784:
1769:
1754:
1739:
1724:
1698:
1683:
1668:
1655:
1640:
1622:
1607:
1580:
1555:
1532:
1517:
1507:, Iași, 2004.
1477:
1451:
1436:
1426:Istoria presei
1417:
1402:
1377:
1359:
1338:
1315:
1281:
1279:, no. 1 / 1999
1255:
1253:, 4 April 2006
1234:Octavian Paler
1226:
1213:
1177:
1146:
1141:New York Times
1115:
1113:
1110:
1066:
1063:
1017:
1014:
1006:William Temple
969:, by visiting
951:
948:
943:
940:
907:
904:
900:Fascist salute
817:United Kingdom
802:state of siege
743:
740:
640:Ionel Brătianu
568:
565:
528:) a member of
433:Mihai Eminescu
402:Greek-Catholic
385:
382:
380:
377:
312:
311:
308:
307:
304:
303:
300:
296:
295:
292:
288:
287:
283:
282:
279:
278:
273:
267:
266:
261:
255:
254:
249:
245:
244:
239:
235:
234:
224:
223:
217:
216:
213:
212:
209:
208:
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
167:(aged 70)
161:
157:
156:
147:
141:
139:
135:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
70:
62:
61:
34:
33:
30:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4498:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4388:Mihail Şerban
4386:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4364:Eugen Titeanu
4362:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4307:
4304:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4249:
4248:Nicolae Zegre
4246:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4170:Miron Cristea
4168:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4156:
4149:
4144:
4142:
4137:
4135:
4130:
4129:
4126:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4094:Eugen Titeanu
4092:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4010:
4009:Nicolae Colan
4007:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3993:Nicolae Colan
3991:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3945:Miron Cristea
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3929:
3922:
3917:
3915:
3910:
3908:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3856:Voicu Niţescu
3854:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3837:Ion Antonescu
3834:
3831:
3827:
3826:Ion Antonescu
3824:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3754:Nicolae Iorga
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3724:
3723:Miron Cristea
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3707:
3700:
3695:
3693:
3688:
3686:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3666:
3662:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3552:Avram Bunaciu
3549:
3548:Ștefan Voitec
3545:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3524:State Council
3521:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3473:
3472:Ștefan Voitec
3470:
3466:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3426:
3421:
3417:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3397:Ion Antonescu
3394:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3356:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3341:Miron Cristea
3339:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3149:
3144:
3142:
3137:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2876:Gheorghiu-Dej
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2863:R.P.R.—R.S.R.
2860:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2504:C. Crețulescu
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2484:N. Crețulescu
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2469:N. Crețulescu
2467:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2418:
2413:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2357:Miron Cristea
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2339:Miron Cristea
2337:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2320:
2318:(second time)
2315:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2267:Nifon Rusailă
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2225:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2205:
2196:
2195:
2188:
2187:Octavian Goga
2182:
2177:
2173:
2164:
2163:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2074:
2067:
2062:
2055:
2054:Ziarul Lumina
2051:
2047:
2044:
2039:
2032:
2031:0-521-77478-0
2028:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2007:
2006:
2005:Time Magazine
2001:
1996:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1932:
1931:0-8223-1241-7
1928:
1924:
1918:
1911:
1910:0-631-23203-6
1907:
1903:
1897:
1890:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1874:90-04-07599-2
1871:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1850:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1816:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1796:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1659:
1652:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1627:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1577:
1576:0-295-95357-8
1573:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1513:973-681-989-2
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1484:
1482:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1458:Ioan Scurtu,
1455:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1424:Dan Ciachir,
1421:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1398:0-19-822126-6
1395:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1374:
1373:
1372:Time Magazine
1368:
1363:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1210:973-97391-4-8
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1143:
1142:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1060:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1002:
1000:
995:
991:
986:
983:
978:
976:
972:
968:
964:
959:
957:
947:
939:
937:
931:
929:
925:
921:
917:
912:
903:
901:
897:
892:
890:
889:Nicolae Iorga
886:
881:
877:
875:
874:
869:
865:
861:
856:
854:
850:
846:
841:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
813:
811:
810:death penalty
807:
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
783:
781:
778:
774:
769:
767:
763:
762:
757:
753:
749:
748:Octavian Goga
739:
737:
733:
728:
726:
722:
717:
715:
714:Muscel County
711:
707:
706:leucocythemia
702:
700:
696:
692:
691:Nativity Fast
688:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
668:
662:
660:
656:
652:
649:
645:
641:
632:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
609:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
585:
583:
578:
574:
564:
562:
558:
553:
552:Câmpia Turzii
549:
544:
542:
538:
534:
531:
527:
523:
519:
518:Vasile Goldiș
515:
511:
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:Vasile Goldiș
486:
482:
480:
476:
472:
467:
464:
460:
459:Nicolae Popea
455:
453:
449:
445:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
376:
374:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
344:
339:
335:
331:
330:monastic name
326:
318:
317:Miron Cristea
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
280:
277:
274:
268:
265:
264:Octavian Goga
262:
256:
253:
250:
246:
243:
240:
236:
230:
225:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
195:
192:
188:
185:
182:
178:
175:
171:
162:
158:
154:
150:
140:
136:
131:
128:
125:
121:
118:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
71:Miron in 1936
68:
63:
60:
56:
52:
46:
45:Ungro-Vlachia
40:
35:
27:
26:His Beatitude
22:
19:
4394:Victor Jinga
4366:(Propaganda)
4331:(Minorities)
4253:
4242:Petre Andrei
4169:
4064:
4003:Petre Andrei
3996:
3944:
3835:
3817:
3803:
3789:
3722:
3664:
3660:
3647:
3635:
3623:
3542:
3538:Chivu Stoica
3502:
3400:
3340:
3194:
3113:
3101:
3088:
3081:
3064:
3047:
3025:
3013:
3001:
2984:
2967:
2950:
2938:
2807:
2790:
2781:Vaida-Voevod
2771:Vaida-Voevod
2706:Vaida-Voevod
2474:Kogălniceanu
2461:
2356:
2338:
2300:(first time)
2255:Metropolitan
2192:
2160:
2155:
2148:
2139:
2091:
2085:
2073:
2061:
2053:
2038:
2018:
2013:
2003:
1995:
1983:
1978:
1966:. Retrieved
1962:the original
1957:
1953:
1922:
1917:
1901:
1896:
1886:
1881:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1846:
1841:
1831:
1826:
1818:
1814:
1792:
1791:"Obituary",
1787:
1777:
1772:
1762:
1757:
1747:
1742:
1732:
1727:
1707:
1701:
1691:
1686:
1676:
1671:
1663:
1658:
1648:
1643:
1633:
1615:
1610:
1602:
1583:
1563:
1558:
1548:
1525:
1520:
1489:Final Report
1488:
1470:
1454:
1444:
1439:
1429:
1420:
1410:
1405:
1385:
1380:
1370:
1362:
1354:
1331:
1298:
1274:
1258:
1248:
1229:
1221:
1216:
1201:
1165:
1139:
1103:
1084:
1076:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1034:
1026:
1019:
1003:
987:
979:
960:
953:
945:
932:
913:
909:
893:
882:
878:
871:
857:
837:
814:
799:
784:
770:
759:
745:
729:
718:
710:Dragoslavele
703:
684:
679:
665:
663:
653:, alongside
637:
610:
586:
570:
545:
541:Transylvania
514:Transylvania
507:
468:
456:
448:Hodoș Bodrog
441:
414:
387:
366:
347:
334:Elie Cristea
333:
316:
315:
271:Succeeded by
228:
165:(1939-03-06)
163:6 March 1939
145:20 July 1868
142:Elie Cristea
18:
4421:1939 deaths
4416:1868 births
4300:Mihai Ralea
4106:Nae Popescu
4059:Mihai Ralea
3614:Ion Iliescu
3604:Ion Iliescu
3570:(1974–1989)
3526:(1961–1974)
3498:Petru Groza
3486:(1948–1961)
3463: [
3438:(1947–1948)
3353: [
3314:Ferdinand I
3284:(1881–1947)
3226: [
3199:(1862–1881)
2741:V. Brătianu
2686:Marghiloman
2651:Cantacuzino
2636:Cantacuzino
2616:L. Catargiu
2601:L. Catargiu
2586:D. Brătianu
2539:L. Catargiu
2494:L. Catargiu
2457:B. Catargiu
2325: [
2312: [
2294: [
2282: [
2270: [
1933:pp. 177–178
1313:, pp. 39–41
1200:, entry in
1108:by Serbia.
1095:Radu Ioanid
1038:antisemitic
1022:Golden Rule
977:, in 1936.
833:an alliance
687:Nae Ionescu
625:Gurie Grosu
594:nationalist
588:government
522:Iuliu Hossu
510:World War I
494:Iuliu Hossu
492:, Cristea,
471:World War I
452:Arad County
450:Monastery,
419:and modern
259:Preceded by
190:Nationality
113:Predecessor
87:Archdiocese
4410:Categories
4360:(Interior)
4354:(Interior)
4323:Traian Pop
4288:Ion Bujoiu
4260:Ioan Ilcuş
4232:(Finances)
3983:(Finances)
3800:(Finances)
3450:Ion Niculi
3402:Conducător
3197:of Romania
3106:ad interim
2901:Dăscălescu
2823:Argetoianu
2524:A. Golescu
2514:N. Golescu
2509:Ș. Golescu
2349:Patriarchs
2198:1938–1939
2166:1925–1939
2145:1919–1925
1250:Cotidianul
1112:References
1042:xenophobic
1029:Iron Guard
963:ecumenical
868:plebiscite
840:Protestant
806:censorship
736:Iron Guard
602:patriotism
561:Tisa River
435:(given in
417:philosophy
404:Lyceum of
384:Early life
299:Profession
105:Term ended
4238:(Justice)
4203:Ministers
3989:(Justice)
3954:Ministers
3808:(Justice)
3773:Ministers
3428:(1965–89)
3422:(1947–65)
3391:Michael I
3384:1940–1947
3368:1930–1940
3330:Michael I
3323:1927–1930
3307:1914–1927
3291:1881–1914
3257:1866–1881
3206:1862–1866
3104:indicate
3038:Grindeanu
2992:Ungureanu
2969:Bejinariu
2952:Athanasiu
2843:Sănătescu
2838:Antonescu
2828:Tătărescu
2813:Călinescu
2798:Tătărescu
2792:Angelescu
2761:Mironescu
2751:Mironescu
2701:Văitoianu
2671:Maiorescu
2156:New title
1718:, at the
1004:In 1937,
992:, led by
982:Concordat
780:pluralism
676:camarilla
606:obedience
437:Hungarian
429:doctorate
421:philology
379:Biography
364:in 1925.
358:Patriarch
229:In office
200:Signature
123:Successor
91:Bucharest
39:Bucharest
4302:(Labour)
4218:Interior
4061:(Labour)
3965:Interior
3858:(Labour)
3784:Interior
3375:Carol II
3195:Domnitor
3027:Cîmpeanu
2958:Isărescu
2929:Văcăroiu
2924:Stolojan
2818:Argeșanu
2726:Averescu
2711:Averescu
2681:Averescu
2626:Aurelian
2611:Florescu
2549:Epureanu
2544:Florescu
2534:I. Ghica
2529:Epureanu
2519:D. Ghica
2499:I. Ghica
2489:I. Ghica
2259:Primates
2046:Archived
2025:, 2003.
1712:Archived
1595:Archived
1515:p. 25-26
1493:Archived
1463:Archived
1333:Adevărul
1305:, 2009,
1267:Archived
1241:Archived
1194:Archived
1170:Archived
845:Baptists
756:Lăncieri
721:Carol II
672:Rasputin
533:Romanian
398:Bistrița
388:Born in
369:Carol II
343:Romanian
242:Carol II
194:Romanian
3661:Italics
3298:Carol I
3264:Carol I
3159:Romania
3102:Italics
3090:Ciolacu
3083:Predoiu
3055:Dăncilă
2986:Predoiu
2963:Năstase
2934:Ciorbea
2891:Mănescu
2848:Rădescu
2833:Gigurtu
2808:Cristea
2731:Știrbey
2716:Ionescu
2656:Sturdza
2646:Sturdza
2631:Sturdza
2621:Sturdza
2596:Rosetti
2479:Bosianu
2463:Arsache
2428:Romania
2245:of the
2114:of the
2110:in the
1566:, 1990
1505:Polirom
1499:of the
1392:, 1994
1079:Toplița
777:liberal
771:In his
732:fascist
644:regents
604:" and "
598:statist
537:Romania
469:During
423:at the
390:Toplița
360:of the
238:Monarch
149:Toplița
97:Elected
3550:&
3506:&
3110:acting
3043:Tudose
3033:Cioloș
2946:Vasile
2896:Verdeț
2886:Maurer
2881:Stoica
2691:Coandă
2029:
1968:3 June
1929:
1912:p. 355
1908:
1876:p. 116
1872:
1767:, p. 7
1578:p. 311
1574:
1511:
1400:p. 413
1396:
1309:
1208:
1065:Legacy
1008:, the
973:, the
920:France
916:Cannes
864:guilds
829:Poland
821:France
752:decree
695:turkey
524:, and
479:Oradea
475:Allies
444:deacon
406:Năsăud
302:priest
248:Deputy
180:Buried
174:France
170:Cannes
77:Church
3467:]
3395:with
3357:]
3230:]
3077:Ciucă
3066:Ciucă
3060:Orban
3049:Fifor
3021:Ponta
3015:Oprea
3009:Ponta
3003:Oprea
2997:Ponta
2940:Dejeu
2919:Roman
2871:Groza
2853:Groza
2776:Maniu
2766:Iorga
2756:Maniu
2746:Maniu
2329:]
2316:]
2298:]
2286:]
2274:]
2243:Heads
2052:, in
2033:p. 70
1864:, in
1547:, in
1469:, in
1369:, in
1330:, in
1273:, in
1247:, in
1164:, in
680:Epoca
667:Epoca
590:bonds
582:Synod
557:Turda
410:Sibiu
3665:Bold
3114:Bold
3072:Cîțu
2803:Goga
2786:Duca
2666:Carp
2641:Carp
2606:Manu
2027:ISBN
1970:2018
1927:ISBN
1906:ISBN
1870:ISBN
1722:site
1572:ISBN
1550:Time
1509:ISBN
1431:Ziua
1394:ISBN
1307:ISBN
1206:ISBN
1040:and
825:Axis
819:and
761:Time
657:and
648:King
596:and
539:and
294:none
160:Died
138:Born
108:1939
100:1919
3399:as
3157:of
2980:Boc
2426:of
2116:ZBW
2002:in
851:'s
646:of
550:in
439:).
396:of
332:of
4412::
4258:/
4212:/
4176:/
4172:/
4069:/
4017:/
4001:/
3995:/
3973:/
3546:,
3465:ro
3355:ro
3348:/
3228:ro
2327:ro
2314:ro
2296:ro
2284:ro
2272:ro
2021:,
1958:36
1956:.
1952:.
1938:^
1802:^
1625:^
1601:,
1590:,
1570:,
1535:^
1503:,
1480:^
1428:,
1388:.
1353:,
1341:^
1318:^
1301:,
1284:^
1236:,
1180:^
1149:^
1119:^
938:.
918:,
902:.
855:.
712:,
661:.
563:.
543:.
520:,
500:,
496:,
328:;
172:,
151:,
47:,
4266:)
4262:(
4220:)
4216:(
4147:e
4140:t
4133:v
4025:)
4021:(
3967:)
3963:(
3920:e
3913:t
3906:v
3832:)
3828:(
3786:)
3782:(
3698:e
3691:t
3684:v
3147:e
3140:t
3133:v
3108:/
2416:e
2409:t
2402:v
2257:-
2235:e
2228:t
2221:v
1990:)
1972:.
319:(
41:,
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
