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426:, saying: "Nothing more dramatic than their work has happened in the history of the subject." Gödel himself wrote a letter to Cohen in 1963, a draft of which stated, "Let me repeat that it is really a delight to read your proof of the ind of the cont hyp. I think that in all essential respects you have given the best possible proof & this does not happen frequently. Reading your proof had a similarly pleasant effect on me as seeing a really good play."
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While studying the continuum hypothesis, Cohen is quoted as saying in 1985 that he had "had the feeling that people thought the problem was hopeless, since there was no new way of constructing models of set theory. Indeed, they thought you had to be slightly crazy even to think about the problem."
365:
of the ZF axioms: these statements can be neither proved nor disproved from these axioms. In this sense, the continuum hypothesis is undecidable, and it is the most widely known example of a natural statement that is independent from the standard ZF axioms of set theory.
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as an incredibly rich set given to us by one bold new axiom, which can never be approached by any piecemeal process of construction. Perhaps later generations will see the problem more clearly and express themselves more
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stated about Cohen: "He was dauntingly clever, and one would have had to be naive or exceptionally altruistic to put one's 'hardest problem' to the Paul I knew in the '60s." He went on to compare Cohen to
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is probably that we feel it absurd to think that the process of adding only one set at a time can exhaust the entire universe. Similarly with the higher axioms of infinity. Now
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Shortly before his death, Cohen gave a lecture describing his solution to the problem of the continuum hypothesis at the 2006 Gödel centennial conference in
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An "enduring and powerful product" of Cohen's work on the continuum hypothesis, and one that has been used by "countless mathematicians" is known as
1957:
1002:. Accessed March 3, 2011. "Cohen's origins were humble. He was born in Long Branch, New Jersey on 2 April 1934, into a Polish immigrant family."
470:
is the cardinality of the set of countable ordinals, and this is merely a special and the simplest way of generating a higher cardinal. The set
494:. It is unreasonable to expect that any description of a larger cardinal which attempts to build up that cardinal from ideas deriving from the
294:(1959) he showed that any integrable function on a locally compact group is the convolution of two such functions, solving a problem posed by
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in 1967. The Fields Medal that Cohen won continues to be the only Fields Medal to be awarded for a work in mathematical logic, as of 2022.
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A point of view which the author feels may eventually come to be accepted is that CH is obviously false. The main reason one accepts the
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Apart from his work in set theory, Cohen also made many valuable contributions to analysis. He was awarded the
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1969:
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at
Princeton. These were years in which Cohen made a number of significant mathematical breakthroughs. In
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192:(April 2, 1934 – March 23, 2007) was an American mathematician. He is best known for his proofs that the
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In 1957, before the award of his doctorate, Cohen was appointed as an
Instructor in Mathematics at the
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1177:"The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details - NSF - National Science Foundation"
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Cohen and his wife, Christina (née Karls), had three sons. Cohen died on March 23, 2007, in
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Cohen, Paul Joseph (1960). "On a conjecture of
Littlewood and idempotent measures".
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is, in contrast, generated by a totally new and more powerful principle, namely the
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Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
767:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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he made a significant breakthrough in solving the
Littlewood conjecture.
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263:, Cohen completed his master's degree in mathematics in 1954 and his
24:
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233:
1286:
Paul Cohen lecture video, six parts, Gödel
Centennial, Vienna 2006
1370:(9). Washington, DC: Mathematical Association of America: 21–22.
949:"Paul Cohen, winner of world's top mathematics prize, dies at 72"
260:
228:
family that had immigrated to the United States from what is now
255:
when he learned that he could start his graduate studies at the
1869:
1691:
668:
326:
229:
699:"Topics in the theory of uniqueness of trigonometrical series"
337:
Cohen is noted for developing a mathematical technique called
1741:
1501:
1437:
1429:- a commemorative website celebrating the life of Paul Cohen
273:
Topics in the Theory of
Uniqueness of Trigonometrical Series
1215:"Paul Cohen -- Stanford professor, acclaimed mathematician"
874:. Mineola, New York City: Dover Publications. p. 151.
282:
for a year. He then spent the academic year 1958–59 at the
225:
369:
For his result on the continuum hypothesis, Cohen won the
6443:
Members of the United States
National Academy of Sciences
587:{\displaystyle \aleph _{n},\aleph _{\omega },\aleph _{a}}
92:
1014:
633:
600:
547:
527:
504:
476:
449:
1304:"Paul J. Cohen, Mathematics Trailblazer, Dies at 72"
1260:"Paul J. Cohen, Mathematics Trailblazer, Dies at 72"
971:"Paul J. Cohen, Mathematics Trailblazer, Dies at 72"
893:
251:from 1950 to 1953, but he left without earning his
1152:"Honorary doctorates - Uppsala University, Sweden"
817:"The independence of the continuum hypothesis, II"
639:
619:
586:
533:
510:
482:
462:
2681:
1395:
1194:
1050:
6394:
4966:Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences
1032:
361:, this showed that both of these statements are
942:
940:
6438:Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars
968:
762:"The independence of the continuum hypothesis"
321:from the Faculty of Science and Technology at
6478:Members of the American Philosophical Society
2651:
2113:
1453:
403:Cohen was a full professor of mathematics at
937:
411:in 1962 in Stockholm and in 1966 in Moscow.
1027:, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, pp. 42–58
286:before spending 1959–61 as a fellow at the
215:
2658:
2644:
2120:
2106:
1460:
1446:
1253:
1251:
1242:, The Gödel Editorial Project: A synopsis
388:in 1964 for his paper "On a conjecture by
357:. In conjunction with the earlier work of
341:, which he used to prove that neither the
1206:
852:
842:
797:
787:
6423:American people of Polish-Jewish descent
4375:
1212:
690:
236:. He graduated in 1950, at age 16, from
2945:
2667:United States National Medal of Science
1407:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
1248:
1084:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
1062:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
872:Set theory and the continuum hypothesis
429:
271:. The title of his doctoral thesis was
19:For other people named Paul Cohen, see
6395:
1351:
1301:
1257:
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5494:
4964:
4374:
3888:
2944:
2680:
2639:
2101:
1441:
1200:
1038:
1010:
1008:
869:
814:
759:
722:
696:
653:
373:in mathematics in 1966, and also the
317:. On June 2, 1995, Cohen received an
307:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
299:
284:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
267:degree in 1958, under supervision of
6473:Mathematicians from New York (state)
6418:21st-century American mathematicians
6413:20th-century American mathematicians
2127:
946:
760:Cohen, Paul Joseph (December 1963).
6453:People from Long Branch, New Jersey
6448:National Medal of Science laureates
815:Cohen, Paul Joseph (January 1964).
620:{\displaystyle a=\aleph _{\omega }}
407:. He was an Invited Speaker at the
259:with just two years of college. At
13:
1348:, Volume 14, Number 3, Sept. 2008.
1331:
1005:
627:, etc. This point of view regards
608:
575:
562:
549:
451:
398:Cohen–Hewitt factorization theorem
16:American mathematician (1934–2007)
14:
6489:
1389:
2619:
2610:
2609:
1491:
910:
896:
349:can be proved from the standard
1295:
1278:
1233:
1169:
1144:
969:Pearce, Jeremy (2 April 2007).
419:Queen Mary University of London
292:Factorization in group algebras
1467:
1346:The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic
1120:
1096:
1072:
1044:
981:
962:
315:American Philosophical Society
1:
6463:Stuyvesant High School alumni
3889:
2682:Behavioral and social science
1422:Mathematics Genealogy Project
1302:Pearce, Jeremy (2007-04-02).
1258:Pearce, Jeremy (2007-04-02).
1213:Davidson, Keay (2007-03-30).
1023:, eds. (1990), "Paul Cohen",
931:
396:", and lends his name to the
208:, for which he was awarded a
6468:University of Chicago alumni
870:Cohen, Paul Joseph (2008) .
311:National Academy of Sciences
288:Institute for Advanced Study
7:
1000:London Mathematical Society
889:
697:Cohen, Paul Joseph (1958).
463:{\displaystyle \aleph _{1}}
206:Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory
21:Paul Cohen (disambiguation)
10:
6494:
5570:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
1958:von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel
305:Cohen was a member of the
247:Cohen next studied at the
23:. Not to be confused with
18:
6332:
6181:
6030:
5851:
5657:
5505:
5501:
5490:
5424:
5326:
5215:
5126:
5047:
4975:
4971:
4960:
4917:
4826:
4718:
4609:
4545:William Hayward Pickering
4490:
4385:
4381:
4370:
4296:
4188:
4042:
3918:
3899:
3895:
3884:
3795:
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3418:
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3092:
2955:
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2940:
2897:
2838:
2750:
2710:
2691:
2687:
2676:
2605:
2135:
2022:
1985:
1897:
1787:
1759:One-to-one correspondence
1675:
1616:
1500:
1489:
1475:
947:Levy, Dawn (2007-03-28).
375:National Medal of Science
332:
183:
173:
161:
151:
141:
134:
128:National Medal of Science
113:
99:
80:
61:
39:
32:
5994:Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.
5440:S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
3071:Burrhus Frederic Skinner
1412:University of St Andrews
1357:"Remembering Paul Cohen"
1067:University of St Andrews
1025:More Mathematical People
674:
216:Early life and education
6428:Brooklyn College alumni
5305:Cathleen Synge Morawetz
3223:George Ledyard Stebbins
3144:James Augustine Shannon
1220:San Francisco Chronicle
1017:Alexanderson, Gerald L.
683:, after suffering from
351:Zermelo–Fraenkel axioms
280:University of Rochester
222:Long Branch, New Jersey
54:Long Branch, New Jersey
5762:Joseph O. Hirschfelder
5749:Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer
4705:Harry George Drickamer
4651:Hans Wolfgang Liepmann
4325:M. Frederick Hawthorne
4199:John D. Baldeschwieler
3439:Daniel E. Koshland Jr.
3121:Earl W. Sutherland Jr.
1717:Constructible universe
1537:Constructibility (V=L)
789:10.1073/pnas.50.6.1143
658:
641:
621:
588:
535:
512:
484:
464:
238:Stuyvesant High School
6353:Sylvester James Gates
5739:William Alfred Fowler
5721:Robert Rathbun Wilson
5534:Robert Burns Woodward
4346:Geraldine L. Richmond
4094:Howard E. Simmons Jr.
3377:Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
3306:Vernon B. Mountcastle
3162:Sterling B. Hendricks
2979:Marshall W. Nirenberg
2974:Theodosius Dobzhansky
2822:William Julius Wilson
1940:Principia Mathematica
1774:Transfinite induction
1633:(i.e. set difference)
844:10.1073/pnas.51.1.105
691:Selected publications
642:
622:
589:
536:
513:
485:
465:
437:
386:mathematical analysis
382:BĂ´cher Memorial Prize
363:logically independent
257:University of Chicago
85:University of Chicago
6324:Warren M. Washington
6288:Fay Ajzenberg-Selove
6197:Jeremiah P. Ostriker
6142:Martin Schwarzschild
5923:Solomon J. Buchsbaum
5915:J. Robert Schrieffer
5885:E. Margaret Burbidge
5729:Nicolaas Bloembergen
5706:Arie Jan Haagen-Smit
5585:Vladimir K. Zworykin
5337:John Griggs Thompson
5260:Martin David Kruskal
5100:Kurt Otto Friedrichs
4573:Erwin Wilhelm MĂĽller
4527:Ralph Brazelton Peck
4482:Jack St. Clair Kilby
4409:John Robinson Pierce
4376:Engineering sciences
4307:Jacqueline K. Barton
4162:George M. Whitesides
4081:Dudley R. Herschbach
4019:Richard B. Bernstein
3988:Walter H. Stockmayer
3536:Elizabeth F. Neufeld
3467:G. Evelyn Hutchinson
3357:Stanley Norman Cohen
3344:Rita Levi-Montalcini
3180:Keith Roberts Porter
3043:Alfred H. Sturtevant
3038:Michael Heidelberger
3010:Fritz Albert Lipmann
2014:Burali-Forti paradox
1769:Set-builder notation
1722:Continuum hypothesis
1662:Symmetric difference
1398:Robertson, Edmund F.
1342:Cohen and Set Theory
1132:search.amphilsoc.org
1128:"APS Member History"
1053:Robertson, Edmund F.
681:Stanford, California
631:
598:
545:
525:
502:
474:
447:
430:Continuum hypothesis
343:continuum hypothesis
309:, the United States
265:Doctor of Philosophy
194:continuum hypothesis
108:Continuum hypothesis
73:Stanford, California
6374:Shirley Ann Jackson
6293:Charles P. Slichter
6137:Marshall Rosenbluth
6129:Wallace S. Broecker
6082:Eugene M. Shoemaker
5843:Victor F. Weisskopf
5790:Herbert S. Gutowsky
5772:Edgar Bright Wilson
5613:George Kistiakowsky
5231:Stephen Cole Kleene
4742:George H. Heilmeier
4729:Mildred Dresselhaus
4620:Edward H. Heinemann
4550:Frederick E. Terman
4514:Richard T. Whitcomb
4435:Clarence L. Johnson
4396:Theodore von Kármán
4283:Stephen J. Benkovic
4262:Mostafa A. El-Sayed
4249:Marvin H. Caruthers
4204:Ralph F. Hirschmann
4144:Darleane C. Hoffman
4034:Harden M. McConnell
3975:Frank H. Westheimer
3787:Stanley B. Prusiner
3751:Robert J. Lefkowitz
3510:Howard Martin Temin
3367:Maurice R. Hilleman
3362:Joseph L. Goldstein
3301:Donald A. Henderson
3218:Earl Reece Stadtman
3203:Elizabeth C. Crosby
3167:Orville Alvin Vogel
2997:Donald D. Van Slyke
2946:Biological sciences
1975:Tarski–Grothendieck
1402:"Paul Joseph Cohen"
1396:O'Connor, John J.;
1080:"Paul Joseph Cohen"
1057:"Paul Joseph Cohen"
1051:O'Connor, John J.;
1015:Albers, Donald J.;
989:"Paul Joseph Cohen"
835:1964PNAS...51..105C
780:1963PNAS...50.1143C
405:Stanford University
394:idempotent measures
156:Stanford University
6246:G. Brent Dalrymple
6064:Arthur L. Schawlow
5971:James A. Van Allen
5862:Philip W. Anderson
5818:Richard P. Feynman
5744:Linus Carl Pauling
5379:Dennis P. Sullivan
4936:John B. Goodenough
4869:Edwin N. Lightfoot
4837:Yuan-Cheng B. Fung
4818:Kenneth N. Stevens
4586:Raymond D. Mindlin
4509:Harold E. Edgerton
4354:A. Paul Alivisatos
4233:Stephen J. Lippard
4212:Ernest R. Davidson
4149:Harold S. Johnston
3983:William S. Johnson
3947:George C. Pimentel
3782:Susan L. Lindquist
3764:Francis S. Collins
3658:Victor A. McKusick
3633:Francisco J. Ayala
3615:Nancy C. Andreasen
3565:Robert A. Weinberg
3339:Har Gobind Khorana
3324:Michael E. DeBakey
3311:George Emil Palade
3283:Wendell L. Roelofs
3273:Howard L. Bachrach
3103:Barbara McClintock
3005:Edward F. Knipling
2625:Mathematics portal
1564:Limitation of size
1308:The New York Times
1265:The New York Times
994:2010-12-25 at the
918:Mathematics portal
904:Biographies portal
637:
617:
584:
531:
508:
480:
460:
323:Uppsala University
319:honorary doctorate
220:Cohen was born in
6390:
6389:
6386:
6385:
6382:
6381:
6319:Esther M. Conwell
6259:Robert N. Clayton
6251:Riccardo Giacconi
6215:Raymond Davis Jr.
6103:Albert Overhauser
6046:Edwin M. McMillan
6007:Arnold O. Beckman
5984:Paul Ching-Wu Chu
5961:Paul C. Lauterbur
5938:Robert Hofstadter
5890:Maurice Goldhaber
5877:Charles H. Townes
5828:Edward M. Purcell
5795:Frederick Rossini
5649:Wolfgang Panofsky
5580:John H. Van Vleck
5496:Physical sciences
5486:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5448:Solomon W. Golomb
5408:Andrew J. Viterbi
5403:Leonard Kleinrock
5350:Calyampudi R. Rao
5318:Ronald R. Coifman
5226:George F. Carrier
5207:Donald C. Spencer
5202:Saunders Mac Lane
5137:Marshall H. Stone
5087:Shiing-Shen Chern
4994:Solomon Lefschetz
4956:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4893:David J. Wineland
4861:John M. Prausnitz
4802:C. Kumar N. Patel
4797:James L. Flanagan
4765:John Roy Whinnery
4752:H. Guyford Stever
4734:Nick Holonyak Jr.
4697:George W. Housner
4692:Willis M. Hawkins
4687:Daniel C. Drucker
4669:Robert Byron Bird
4661:Bernard M. Oliver
4568:Peter C. Goldmark
4555:Wernher von Braun
4501:George E. Mueller
4474:Nathan M. Newmark
4469:J. Presper Eckert
4448:Claude E. Shannon
4417:Charles S. Draper
4366:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4333:Judith P. Klinman
4217:Gábor A. Somorjai
4128:Isabella L. Karle
4115:George S. Hammond
4076:Gertrude B. Elion
4029:Rudolph A. Marcus
3880:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3806:Ralph L. Brinster
3725:Torsten N. Wiesel
3702:Norman E. Borlaug
3689:Solomon H. Snyder
3684:J. Michael Bishop
3643:Mario R. Capecchi
3523:Salome G. Waelsch
3454:E. Donnall Thomas
3329:Theodor O. Diener
3228:Paul Alfred Weiss
3056:Bernard B. Brodie
2992:George G. Simpson
2936:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2881:Michael I. Posner
2782:Eleanor J. Gibson
2734:George J. Stigler
2702:Neal Elgar Miller
2633:
2632:
2095:
2094:
2004:Russell's paradox
1953:Zermelo–Fraenkel
1854:Dedekind-infinite
1727:Diagonal argument
1626:Cartesian product
1483:Set (mathematics)
1433:Stanford obituary
1418:Paul Joseph Cohen
1355:(December 2007).
1108:www.nasonline.org
951:. Stanford Report
881:978-0-486-46921-8
640:{\displaystyle C}
534:{\displaystyle C}
511:{\displaystyle C}
496:replacement axiom
483:{\displaystyle C}
441:axiom of infinity
253:bachelor's degree
190:Paul Joseph Cohen
187:
186:
174:Doctoral students
136:Scientific career
6485:
6433:Fields Medalists
6202:Gilbert F. White
6147:George Wetherill
6041:Allan M. Cormack
5999:Jack Steinberger
5979:D. Allan Bromley
5928:H. Richard Crane
5905:Frederick Reines
5895:Helmut Landsberg
5810:George Uhlenbeck
5711:Vladimir Haensel
5673:Allan R. Sandage
5644:Herbert C. Brown
5626:Herbert Friedman
5552:Leon M. Lederman
5524:Julian Schwinger
5503:
5502:
5492:
5491:
5461:Alexandre Chorin
5435:Richard A. Tapia
5416:David B. Mumford
5244:Alberto CalderĂłn
5189:Joseph B. Keller
5176:Michael Freedman
5145:Herman Goldstine
4999:H. Marston Morse
4973:
4972:
4962:
4961:
4901:Rudolf E. Kálmán
4885:Robert S. Langer
4877:Jan D. Achenbach
4710:Herbert E. Grier
4461:Igor I. Sikorsky
4422:Othmar H. Ammann
4383:
4382:
4372:
4371:
4338:Jerrold Meinwald
4107:Norman Hackerman
4086:Glenn T. Seaborg
4001:William O. Baker
3929:F. Albert Cotton
3897:
3896:
3886:
3885:
3863:Mary-Claire King
3756:Bert W. O'Malley
3712:Thomas E. Starzl
3707:Phillip A. Sharp
3694:Charles Yanofsky
3676:Evelyn M. Witkin
3671:James E. Darnell
3497:Paul C. Zamecnik
3462:Mary Ellen Avery
3434:Herbert W. Boyer
3429:Baruj Benacerraf
3400:Joshua Lederberg
3390:Viktor Hamburger
3352:Michael S. Brown
3198:Robert H. Burris
2953:
2952:
2942:
2941:
2889:Mortimer Mishkin
2814:William K. Estes
2798:Roger N. Shepard
2790:Robert K. Merton
2774:George A. Miller
2721:Herbert A. Simon
2689:
2688:
2678:
2677:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2637:
2636:
2623:
2613:
2612:
2129:Fields Medalists
2122:
2115:
2108:
2099:
2098:
2077:Bertrand Russell
2067:John von Neumann
2052:Abraham Fraenkel
2047:Richard Dedekind
2009:Suslin's problem
1920:Cantor's theorem
1637:De Morgan's laws
1495:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1414:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1361:
1338:Akihiro Kanamori
1326:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1255:
1246:
1240:Solomon Feferman
1237:
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1230:
1228:
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1030:
1028:
1012:
1003:
987:Macintyre, A.J.
985:
979:
978:
966:
960:
959:
957:
956:
944:
920:
915:
914:
906:
901:
900:
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885:
866:
856:
846:
811:
801:
791:
774:(6): 1143–1148.
756:
719:
717:
716:
710:
704:. Archived from
703:
656:
646:
644:
643:
638:
626:
624:
623:
618:
616:
615:
593:
591:
590:
585:
583:
582:
570:
569:
557:
556:
541:is greater than
540:
538:
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517:
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509:
489:
487:
486:
481:
469:
467:
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249:Brooklyn College
232:; he grew up in
224:in 1934, into a
163:Doctoral advisor
68:
49:
47:
30:
29:
6493:
6492:
6488:
6487:
6486:
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6483:
6482:
6393:
6392:
6391:
6378:
6366:Sean C. Solomon
6328:
6280:Daniel Kleppner
6272:Lonnie Thompson
6267:Ralph A. Alpher
6233:W. Jason Morgan
6220:Charles Keeling
6210:Marvin L. Cohen
6177:
6160:John N. Bahcall
6155:Don L. Anderson
6121:Peter Goldreich
6074:Steven Weinberg
6026:
5956:Walter Elsasser
5933:Herman Feshbach
5847:
5785:Samuel Goudsmit
5777:Chien-Shiung Wu
5716:Frederick Seitz
5683:John A. Wheeler
5668:Robert H. Dicke
5653:
5516:Luis W. Alvarez
5497:
5478:
5466:David Blackwell
5420:
5371:Carl R. de Boor
5342:Karen Uhlenbeck
5322:
5276:Louis Nirenberg
5211:
5184:Ralph E. Gomory
5122:
5118:Donald E. Knuth
5105:Hassler Whitney
5043:
4967:
4948:
4913:
4845:Andreas Acrivos
4822:
4810:Eli Ruckenstein
4789:Hermann A. Haus
4760:Calvin F. Quate
4747:Luna B. Leopold
4714:
4605:
4591:Robert N. Noyce
4581:Emmett N. Leith
4540:Manson Benedict
4522:Rudolf Kompfner
4486:
4440:Warren K. Lewis
4377:
4358:
4292:
4254:Peter B. Dervan
4225:John I. Brauman
4184:
4136:Norman Davidson
4063:John D. Roberts
4038:
4006:Konrad E. Bloch
3952:Richard N. Zare
3914:
3891:
3872:
3829:Sallie Chisholm
3811:Rudolf Jaenisch
3791:
3774:J. Craig Venter
3733:Rita R. Colwell
3600:
3586:David Baltimore
3477:Robert W. Kates
3449:David G. Nathan
3444:Edward B. Lewis
3414:
3410:Harland G. Wood
3405:Roger W. Sperry
3260:Glenn W. Burton
3232:
3208:Arthur Kornberg
3175:Roger Guillemin
3152:Hallowell Davis
3116:Daniel I. Arnon
3108:Albert B. Sabin
3088:
3061:Detlev W. Bronk
3033:Harry F. Harlow
3028:Kenneth S. Cole
3015:William C. Rose
2987:Francis P. Rous
2947:
2928:
2893:
2873:Gordon H. Bower
2834:
2830:Robert M. Solow
2746:
2742:Milton Friedman
2706:
2683:
2672:
2664:
2634:
2629:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2570:
2543:
2516:
2489:
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2205:
2188:
2171:
2154:
2131:
2126:
2096:
2091:
2018:
1997:
1981:
1946:New Foundations
1893:
1783:
1702:Cardinal number
1685:
1671:
1612:
1496:
1487:
1471:
1466:
1392:
1380:
1378:
1359:
1334:
1332:Further reading
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1134:
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1125:
1121:
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1110:
1104:"Paul J. Cohen"
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1088:
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1021:Reid, Constance
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996:Wayback Machine
986:
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895:
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737:10.2307/2372731
714:
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708:
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693:
677:
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632:
629:
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611:
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574:
565:
561:
552:
548:
546:
543:
542:
526:
523:
522:
503:
500:
499:
498:can ever reach
492:power set axiom
475:
472:
471:
454:
450:
448:
445:
444:
432:
415:Angus MacIntyre
347:axiom of choice
335:
218:
198:axiom of choice
126:
121:
106:
81:Alma mater
76:
70:
66:
57:
51:
45:
43:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6491:
6481:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6388:
6387:
6384:
6383:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6376:
6371:
6368:
6363:
6361:Burton Richter
6358:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6336:
6334:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6314:Yakir Aharonov
6311:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6282:
6277:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6261:
6256:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6228:Richard Garwin
6225:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6192:Willis E. Lamb
6189:
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6157:
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6144:
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6123:
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6113:
6110:
6105:
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6097:
6092:
6087:
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6076:
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6066:
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6058:
6053:
6048:
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6038:
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6032:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5951:Philip Abelson
5948:
5945:
5943:Chen-Ning Yang
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5917:
5912:
5910:Bruno B. Rossi
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5867:Yoichiro Nambu
5864:
5859:
5855:
5853:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5678:John C. Slater
5675:
5670:
5665:
5661:
5659:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5565:Jacob Bjerknes
5562:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5518:
5513:
5509:
5507:
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5488:
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5480:
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5471:
5468:
5463:
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5450:
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5442:
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5432:
5428:
5426:
5422:
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5413:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5397:
5392:
5389:
5384:
5381:
5376:
5373:
5368:
5365:
5363:James G. Glimm
5360:
5357:
5355:Elias M. Stein
5352:
5347:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5330:
5328:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5307:
5302:
5299:
5297:Shing-Tung Yau
5294:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5278:
5273:
5270:
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5213:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5165:
5163:Antoni Zygmund
5160:
5155:
5152:
5150:Isadore Singer
5147:
5142:
5139:
5134:
5130:
5128:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5115:
5113:Joseph L. Doob
5110:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5094:
5092:George Dantzig
5089:
5084:
5082:John W. Backus
5079:
5076:
5071:
5068:
5063:
5060:
5058:Richard Brauer
5055:
5051:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5039:William Feller
5036:
5033:
5028:
5025:
5020:
5017:
5012:
5009:
5004:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4988:
4986:Norbert Wiener
4983:
4979:
4977:
4969:
4968:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4944:Thomas Kailath
4941:
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4933:
4930:
4925:
4921:
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4915:
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4912:
4911:
4906:
4903:
4898:
4895:
4890:
4887:
4882:
4879:
4874:
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4866:
4863:
4858:
4855:
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4842:
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4834:
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4807:
4804:
4799:
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4791:
4786:
4783:
4778:
4775:
4770:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4681:
4676:
4674:H. Bolton Seed
4671:
4666:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4627:
4625:Donald L. Katz
4622:
4617:
4613:
4611:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4596:Earl R. Parker
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4503:
4498:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4450:
4445:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4430:Hugh L. Dryden
4427:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4398:
4393:
4389:
4387:
4379:
4378:
4368:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4351:
4348:
4343:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4314:
4312:Peter J. Stang
4309:
4304:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4288:Marye Anne Fox
4285:
4280:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4264:
4259:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4243:
4241:Tobin J. Marks
4238:
4235:
4230:
4227:
4222:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4170:Stuart A. Rice
4167:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4138:
4133:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4117:
4112:
4109:
4104:
4102:Donald J. Cram
4099:
4096:
4091:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4071:Ronald Breslow
4068:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4013:
4011:Elias J. Corey
4008:
4003:
3998:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3977:
3972:
3970:Carl S. Marvel
3967:
3962:
3957:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3942:Roald Hoffmann
3939:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3903:
3901:
3893:
3892:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3858:Stanley Falkow
3855:
3852:
3850:Rakesh K. Jain
3847:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3653:Gene E. Likens
3650:
3645:
3640:
3638:George F. Bass
3635:
3630:
3627:
3622:
3620:Peter H. Raven
3617:
3612:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3554:
3549:
3546:
3544:Alexander Rich
3541:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3525:
3520:
3518:Daniel Nathans
3515:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3499:
3494:
3492:Folke K. Skoog
3489:
3484:
3482:Salvador Luria
3479:
3474:
3472:Elvin A. Kabat
3469:
3464:
3459:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3385:Katherine Esau
3382:
3379:
3374:
3372:Eric R. Kandel
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3318:
3316:Joan A. Steitz
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3290:
3288:Berta Scharrer
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3255:Seymour Benzer
3252:
3249:
3247:Philip Handler
3244:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3134:Erwin Chargaff
3131:
3129:Britton Chance
3126:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3079:Robert Huebner
3076:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2968:
2966:C. B. van Niel
2963:
2959:
2957:
2949:
2948:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2924:Albert Bandura
2921:
2918:
2916:Robert Axelrod
2913:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2883:
2878:
2875:
2870:
2867:
2862:
2859:
2857:R. Duncan Luce
2854:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2824:
2819:
2816:
2811:
2808:
2806:Paul Samuelson
2803:
2800:
2795:
2792:
2787:
2784:
2779:
2776:
2771:
2768:
2766:Patrick Suppes
2763:
2761:Leonid Hurwicz
2758:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2693:
2685:
2684:
2674:
2673:
2663:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2617:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2082:Thoralf Skolem
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1847:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1820:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1794:
1792:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1764:Ordinal number
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1699:
1694:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1642:Disjoint union
1639:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1592:
1591:
1589:Martin's axiom
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1554:Extensionality
1551:
1550:
1549:
1539:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1465:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1415:
1391:
1390:External links
1388:
1387:
1386:
1349:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1294:
1277:
1247:
1232:
1205:
1193:
1168:
1143:
1119:
1095:
1071:
1043:
1031:
1004:
980:
961:
935:
933:
930:
929:
928:
922:
921:
907:
891:
888:
887:
886:
880:
867:
829:(1): 105–110.
812:
757:
731:(2): 191–212.
720:
692:
689:
676:
673:
650:
636:
614:
610:
606:
603:
581:
577:
573:
568:
564:
560:
555:
551:
530:
507:
479:
457:
453:
431:
428:
334:
331:
269:Antoni Zygmund
217:
214:
185:
184:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
168:Antoni Zygmund
165:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
132:
131:
115:
111:
110:
101:
100:Known for
97:
96:
82:
78:
77:
71:
69:(aged 72)
65:March 23, 2007
63:
59:
58:
52:
41:
37:
36:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6490:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6458:Set theorists
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6375:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6331:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6306:James E. Gunn
6304:
6302:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6238:Edward Witten
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6180:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6056:Roger Revelle
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6029:
6023:
6022:Henry Stommel
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6012:Eugene Parker
6010:
6008:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5872:Edward Teller
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5857:
5856:
5854:
5850:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5838:Lyman Spitzer
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5757:Hans A. Bethe
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5701:Maurice Ewing
5699:
5697:
5696:Carl Djerassi
5694:
5691:
5689:
5688:Saul Winstein
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5656:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5636:Eugene Wigner
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5621:Paul Bartlett
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5608:Louis Hammett
5606:
5604:
5603:Gregory Breit
5601:
5599:
5598:Francis Birch
5596:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5557:William Rubey
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5493:
5489:
5475:
5474:Michael Artin
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5417:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5387:Bradley Efron
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5325:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5313:Felix Browder
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5289:Stephen Smale
5287:
5285:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5236:John McCarthy
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5197:Samuel Karlin
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5040:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5007:Oscar Zariski
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4963:
4959:
4945:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4910:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4781:Ray W. Clough
4779:
4776:
4774:
4773:Alfred Y. Cho
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4643:John G. Trump
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
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4618:
4615:
4614:
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4608:
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4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4489:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4456:Edwin H. Land
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4404:Vannevar Bush
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4373:
4369:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4320:Allen J. Bard
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4275:JoAnne Stubbe
4273:
4271:
4270:Joanna Fowler
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4181:
4180:Susan Solomon
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4024:Melvin Calvin
4022:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3965:Yuan Tseh Lee
3963:
3961:
3960:Harry B. Gray
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3934:Gilbert Stork
3932:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3887:
3883:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3842:Bruce Alberts
3840:
3838:
3837:May Berenbaum
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3743:Lubert Stryer
3741:
3739:
3738:Nina Fedoroff
3736:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3720:Anthony Fauci
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3663:Harold Varmus
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3596:Lynn Margulis
3594:
3592:
3591:Jared Diamond
3589:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3531:Thomas Eisner
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3505:Maxine Singer
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3487:Paul A. Marks
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3296:Stanley Cohen
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3185:Efraim Racker
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3139:James V. Neel
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3051:Horace Barker
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3020:Sewall Wright
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2939:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2908:Anne Treisman
2906:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2865:Kenneth Arrow
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2729:Anne Anastasi
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2649:
2647:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2616:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2578:Duminil-Copin
2575:
2574:
2572:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2497:Lindenstrauss
2494:
2493:
2491:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2123:
2118:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2088:
2087:Ernst Zermelo
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2072:Willard Quine
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2024:Set theorists
2021:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1970:Kripke–Platek
1968:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
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1826:
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1814:
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1786:
1780:
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1762:
1760:
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1750:
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1734:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
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1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1607:
1606:specification
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1427:paulcohen.org
1425:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1354:
1353:Sarnak, Peter
1350:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1298:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1254:
1252:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1197:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1035:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1009:
1001:
997:
993:
990:
984:
976:
972:
965:
950:
943:
941:
936:
927:
926:Cohen algebra
924:
923:
919:
913:
908:
905:
894:
883:
877:
873:
868:
864:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
823:
818:
813:
809:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
768:
763:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
725:Amer. J. Math
721:
711:on 2011-07-25
707:
700:
695:
694:
688:
686:
682:
672:
670:
665:
663:
655:
649:
634:
612:
604:
601:
579:
571:
566:
558:
553:
528:
519:
505:
497:
493:
477:
455:
442:
436:
427:
425:
420:
416:
412:
410:
406:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
378:
376:
372:
367:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
345:(CH) nor the
344:
340:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
245:
243:
242:New York City
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
182:
179:
176:
172:
169:
166:
164:
160:
157:
154:
150:
147:
144:
140:
137:
133:
129:
124:
119:
116:
112:
109:
105:
104:Cohen forcing
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
83:
79:
74:
64:
60:
55:
50:April 2, 1934
42:
38:
34:Paul J. Cohen
31:
26:
22:
6348:Sandra Faber
6343:Sidney Drell
6173:Leo Kadanoff
6168:James Cronin
6116:Hans Dehmelt
6051:Robert Pound
6017:Robert Sharp
5833:John Sinfelt
5800:Verner Suomi
5767:Lewis Sarett
5631:Lars Onsager
5575:Henry Eyring
5542:John Bardeen
5284:Richard Karp
5252:Allen Newell
5031:Jerzy Neyman
5022:
4656:Tung-Yen Lin
4633:Bill Hewlett
4563:Morris Cohen
4157:John W. Cahn
4058:Karl Folkers
3819:Lucy Shapiro
3769:Elaine Fuchs
3648:Ann Graybiel
3578:Janet Rowley
3560:James Watson
3552:Ruth Patrick
3395:Philip Leder
3265:Mildred Cohn
3213:Severo Ochoa
3190:E. O. Wilson
2240:Grothendieck
2234:
2041:
2037:Georg Cantor
2032:Paul Bernays
1963:Morse–Kelley
1938:
1871:
1870:Subset
1817:hereditarily
1779:Venn diagram
1737:ordered pair
1652:Intersection
1596:Axiom schema
1405:
1379:. Retrieved
1367:
1363:
1345:
1319:. Retrieved
1307:
1297:
1280:
1269:. Retrieved
1263:
1235:
1224:. Retrieved
1218:
1208:
1196:
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1180:
1171:
1159:. Retrieved
1155:
1146:
1135:. Retrieved
1131:
1122:
1111:. Retrieved
1107:
1098:
1087:. Retrieved
1083:
1074:
1060:
1046:
1034:
1024:
983:
974:
964:
953:. Retrieved
871:
826:
820:
771:
765:
728:
724:
713:. Retrieved
706:the original
685:lung disease
678:
666:
659:
654:Cohen (2008)
520:
438:
433:
413:
402:
379:
371:Fields Medal
368:
336:
304:
300:Cohen (1960)
296:Walter Rudin
291:
277:
272:
246:
219:
210:Fields Medal
189:
188:
178:Peter Sarnak
152:Institutions
135:
123:Fields Medal
118:BĂ´cher Prize
67:(2007-03-23)
6408:2007 deaths
6403:1934 births
6301:Berni Alder
6108:Frank Press
5989:Walter Kohn
5966:George Pake
5900:Walter Munk
5823:Herman Mark
5805:Henry Taube
5593:Jesse Beams
5547:Peter Debye
5529:Harold Urey
5453:Barry Mazur
5015:John Milnor
4909:Amnon Yariv
4853:Leo Beranek
4679:Ernst Weber
4532:Abel Wolman
4123:Thomas Cech
4053:Elkan Blout
3993:Max Tishler
3910:Roger Adams
3868:Simon Levin
3334:Harry Eagle
3157:Paul Gyorgy
2849:Gary Becker
2576:2022
2549:2018
2522:2014
2495:2010
2468:2006
2451:2002
2424:1998
2397:1994
2370:1990
2348:1986
2326:1982
2299:1978
2282:1974
2255:1970
2228:1966
2211:1962
2194:1958
2177:1954
2160:1950
2143:1936
2062:Thomas Jech
1905:Alternative
1884:Uncountable
1838:Ultrafilter
1697:Cardinality
1601:replacement
1542:Determinacy
1181:www.nsf.gov
648:eloquently.
202:independent
146:Mathematics
6397:Categories
6095:Vera Rubin
5734:Paul Flory
5395:Hyman Bass
5268:John Cocke
5171:Raoul Bott
5074:Kurt Gödel
5066:John Tukey
5023:Paul Cohen
4638:George Low
4601:Simon Ramo
3824:Leroy Hood
3625:Carl Woese
3573:Bruce Ames
3084:Ernst Mayr
2539:Mirzakhani
2436:Kontsevich
2057:Kurt Gödel
2042:Paul Cohen
1879:Transitive
1647:Identities
1631:Complement
1618:Operations
1579:Regularity
1547:projective
1510:Adjunction
1469:Set theory
1381:2009-05-31
1321:2020-06-13
1271:2007-10-31
1226:2007-10-31
1201:Cohen 1960
1137:2022-08-22
1113:2022-08-22
1089:2022-08-22
1039:Cohen 1958
955:2007-10-31
932:References
715:2010-02-19
424:Kurt Gödel
390:Littlewood
355:set theory
313:, and the
46:1934-04-02
6090:Val Fitch
5158:Peter Lax
4928:Shu Chien
4175:John Ross
3890:Chemistry
3278:Paul Berg
2670:laureates
2593:Viazovska
2566:Venkatesh
2458:Voevodsky
2453:Lafforgue
2426:Borcherds
2350:Donaldson
2306:Fefferman
2213:Hörmander
1990:Paradoxes
1910:Axiomatic
1889:Universal
1865:Singleton
1860:Recursive
1803:Countable
1798:Amorphous
1657:Power set
1574:Power set
1525:dependent
1520:countable
1376:0731-2040
1364:MAA Focus
1316:0362-4331
1156:www.uu.se
662:"forcing"
613:ω
609:ℵ
576:ℵ
567:ω
563:ℵ
550:ℵ
452:ℵ
25:Paul Cohn
6069:Ed Stone
3066:Jay Lush
2615:Category
2529:Bhargava
2475:Perelman
2470:Okounkov
2441:McMullen
2414:Zelmanov
2399:Bourgain
2372:Drinfeld
2360:Freedman
2355:Faltings
2333:Thurston
2311:Margulis
2284:Bombieri
2272:Thompson
2262:Hironaka
2162:Schwartz
1994:Problems
1898:Theories
1874:Superset
1850:Infinite
1679:Concepts
1559:Infinity
1476:Overview
1186:21 March
1161:21 March
992:Archived
975:NY Times
890:See also
863:16591132
808:16578557
651:—
594:, where
353:(ZF) of
234:Brooklyn
196:and the
2588:Maynard
2561:Scholze
2556:Figalli
2512:Villani
2507:Smirnov
2316:Quillen
2301:Deligne
2289:Mumford
2267:Novikov
2179:Kodaira
2167:Selberg
2150:Douglas
2145:Ahlfors
1932:General
1927:Zermelo
1833:subbase
1815: (
1754:Forcing
1732:Element
1704: (
1682:Methods
1569:Pairing
1420:at the
1291:YouTube
831:Bibcode
776:Bibcode
753:0133397
745:2372731
417:of the
339:forcing
261:Chicago
2551:Birkar
2534:Hairer
2485:Werner
2431:Gowers
2409:Yoccoz
2387:Witten
2328:Connes
2230:Atiyah
2218:Milnor
1823:Filter
1813:Finite
1749:Family
1692:Almost
1530:global
1515:Choice
1502:Axioms
1374:
1314:
1245:p. 11.
878:
861:
854:300611
851:
806:
799:221287
796:
751:
743:
669:Vienna
333:Career
327:Sweden
230:Poland
226:Jewish
142:Fields
130:(1967)
125:(1966)
120:(1964)
114:Awards
75:, U.S.
56:, U.S.
6333:2010s
6182:2000s
6031:1990s
5852:1980s
5658:1970s
5506:1960s
5425:2010s
5327:2000s
5216:1990s
5127:1980s
5048:1970s
4976:1960s
4918:2010s
4827:2000s
4719:1990s
4610:1980s
4491:1970s
4386:1960s
4297:2010s
4189:2000s
4043:1990s
3919:1980s
3900:1960s
3796:2010s
3605:2000s
3419:1990s
3237:1980s
3093:1970s
2956:1960s
2898:2010s
2839:2000s
2751:1990s
2711:1980s
2692:1960s
2524:Avila
2404:Lions
2377:Jones
2257:Baker
2245:Smale
2235:Cohen
2184:Serre
1915:Naive
1845:Fuzzy
1808:Empty
1791:types
1742:tuple
1712:Class
1706:large
1667:Union
1584:Union
1360:(PDF)
741:JSTOR
709:(PDF)
702:(PDF)
675:Death
521:Thus
359:Gödel
298:. In
204:from
6370:2014
6357:2012
6339:2011
6310:2009
6297:2008
6284:2007
6276:2006
6263:2005
6255:2004
6242:2003
6224:2002
6206:2001
6188:2000
6164:1999
6151:1998
6133:1997
6125:1996
6112:1995
6099:1994
6086:1993
6078:1992
6060:1991
6037:1990
6003:1989
5975:1988
5947:1987
5919:1986
5881:1983
5858:1982
5814:1979
5781:1976
5753:1975
5725:1974
5692:1973
5664:1970
5640:1969
5617:1968
5589:1967
5561:1966
5538:1965
5520:1964
5512:1963
5470:2013
5457:2012
5444:2011
5431:2010
5412:2009
5399:2007
5391:2006
5383:2005
5375:2004
5367:2003
5359:2002
5346:2001
5333:2000
5309:1999
5301:1998
5293:1997
5280:1996
5272:1995
5264:1994
5256:1993
5248:1992
5240:1991
5222:1990
5193:1989
5180:1988
5167:1987
5154:1986
5141:1983
5133:1982
5109:1979
5096:1976
5078:1975
5070:1974
5062:1973
5054:1970
5035:1969
5027:1968
5019:1967
5011:1966
5003:1965
4990:1964
4982:1963
4940:2012
4932:2011
4924:2010
4905:2009
4897:2008
4889:2007
4881:2006
4873:2005
4865:2004
4857:2003
4849:2002
4841:2001
4833:2000
4814:1999
4806:1998
4793:1996
4785:1995
4777:1994
4769:1993
4756:1992
4738:1991
4725:1990
4701:1989
4683:1988
4665:1987
4647:1986
4629:1983
4616:1982
4577:1979
4559:1976
4536:1975
4518:1974
4505:1973
4497:1970
4478:1969
4465:1968
4452:1967
4444:1966
4426:1965
4413:1964
4400:1963
4392:1962
4350:2014
4342:2013
4329:2012
4316:2011
4303:2010
4279:2009
4266:2008
4258:2007
4245:2006
4237:2005
4229:2004
4221:2002
4208:2001
4195:2000
4166:1999
4153:1998
4140:1997
4132:1996
4119:1995
4111:1994
4098:1993
4090:1992
4067:1991
4049:1990
4015:1989
3997:1988
3979:1987
3956:1986
3938:1983
3925:1982
3906:1964
3854:2014
3846:2013
3833:2012
3815:2011
3802:2010
3778:2009
3760:2008
3747:2007
3729:2006
3716:2005
3698:2004
3680:2003
3667:2002
3629:2001
3611:2000
3582:1999
3569:1998
3556:1997
3548:1996
3540:1995
3527:1994
3514:1993
3501:1992
3458:1991
3425:1990
3381:1989
3348:1988
3320:1987
3292:1986
3269:1983
3251:1982
3243:1981
3194:1979
3171:1976
3148:1975
3125:1974
3112:1973
3099:1970
3075:1969
3047:1968
3024:1967
3001:1966
2983:1965
2970:1964
2962:1963
2920:2015
2912:2014
2904:2011
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2869:2005
2861:2004
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2826:1999
2818:1998
2810:1997
2802:1996
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2778:1992
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2757:1990
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2698:1964
2382:Mori
2201:Thom
2196:Roth
1828:base
1372:ISSN
1312:ISSN
1188:2018
1163:2018
876:ISBN
859:PMID
804:PMID
392:and
200:are
62:Died
40:Born
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