923:) wrote an opponent review in 2007. In short: The use of peat fuel releases carbon that was bound long before the industrial revolution. The renewal of peat layers in thousands of years is insignificant compared to the carbon emissions of the peat fuel in regard to the climate change. It is highly questionable to claim that the human created problem would be compensated by a natural process elsewhere. For the greenhouse gas inventories the natural peat lands are basically neutral since storage of carbon equals release of methane. The agricultural land use will never restore the carbon permanently in the ecosystem equal to the original peat layers. There is no difference in the burning of peat or coal in respect to the climate warming. In 1996, the
1251:”. More than half of the Finnish bog area had been drained by 2008. Peat collection is the most violent attack for the wild nature. During peat collection, bogs are drained and a layer of peat is stripped to a depth of several meters. Forest is often planted in the area after the peat collection. Regeneration is possible, but the complete regeneration of the bog will take tens of thousands of years. In the USA it was calculated in 2002 (Science 297 950 2002) that wetlands are economically more valuable than agricultural fields. The increase of bog biodiversity support from $ 6.5 billion to $ 45 billion can give $ 4400–5200 billion. economical benefit (in the world).
74:
35:
895:"The new VTT rules deny the right to make any private statements, verbal or written, without permission from the leadership of VTT in the line of activities of VTT. The permission for statements will only be allowed when there is no conflict." In order to guarantee the consistence of research and reliability of the content, the scientists should prevent all criticism of the content of VTT publications publicly after the publications. The ethical rules oblige the research organisation to prevent activities that will mislead the public.
898:"Finnish law guarantees everyone the freedom of expression as private persons that no organization or person is allowed to restrict. Democratic society has no need to restrict free communication." This freedom covers peaceful communication excluding agitation in crimes or mental troublemaking. In practice, VTT and some other employers including Sanoma Oy (Helsingin Sanomat) have given outsiders the impression of willingness to restrict this freedom included in the human rights declaration of the United Nations.
66:
1319:
1333:
638:
665:
867:(IPS) 2008–2012. IPS is a global non-profit organisation for all interests related to peat and peatlands, having scientific and corporate members in 42 countries worldwide and promoting Wise Use of peatlands. The executive board of the IPS consists of both university and company directors and is elected by an annual assembly of national member associations. In Finland,
140:(JTF), representing about 24% of its Cohesion Policy allocation for 2021-2027. This funding is intended to support Finland's objective of attaining climate neutrality by 2035 in a socially equitable manner. The JTF will focus its investments on 14 regions affected by the transition away from peat, aiming to halve peat-based energy consumption by 2030.
902:
question facts and assumptions and the evaluation of report argumentations are cornerstones of scientific discoveries, innovative ideas and sustainable development of society including its politics. Freedom of expression is a cornerstone of democracy and a cornerstone of international human rights declarations.
1237:
The storage of carbon in
Finland is: bogs 6000 million tonnes, forest soil 1300 million tonnes and trees 800 million tonnes. According to senior lecturer Heikki Simola (University of East Finland) the carbon load from the ditches of bogs is 6000 tonnes pro person annually. In the south of Finland the
910:
As of 2006, the
Finnish Ministry of Trade and Industry (KTM) peat described peat as a "slowly renewable biomass fuel". The definition is from the report: Patrick Crill (USA), Ken Hargreaves (UK) and Mr. Atte Korhola (FIN) Turpeen asema Suomen kasvihuonekaasutaseissa (2000) ordered by KTM. This report
822:
expressed his/her critics about the reliability of the electricity market report for the parliament. VTT gave him/her a warning since according to VTT the statement was given in the name of VTT and she/he was not qualified for it. This special researcher claims that he acted privately and revealed in
625:
According to the national energy statistics the energy use of peat grew in
Finland in the 1980s: 1975: 0.5 TWh and 1980 4,7 TWh. The share of peat energy was 19 TWh in 2005 and in the peak year 2007 28.4 TWh. In 2006 the peat energy provided 25.3 TWh which gave 6.2 TWh electricity, 6.1 TWh warming
954:
The United
Nations Environment and Sustainable Development World Commission Finland expressed in 1989 that Finland should not increase peat production in the 1990s based on its global warming emissions. Finland should discontinue promoting peat energy use and the draining of peat bogs abroad, for
835:
Satu
Helynen denied a VTT scientist to write about peat in autumn 2010. According to the scientist the leaders of VTT tried to prevent them to express in public dissentient opinions about the peat energy tax. Helynen considered the writing onesided and demanded another perspective. The issue came
796:
in areas no longer used to produce peat. In 2010, it owned 6,500 hectares (16,000 acres) of agricultural land and received €673 000 in agricultural subsidies, the fifth largest agricultural subsidy in
Finland at the time. In 2012, it was reported that Suo Oy had received in total some €10 million
786:
In 2010, Vapo came under media attention after it made an official complaint about one of the officials handling some of its more than 100 applications to new peat collection areas. The official, environmental counsellor Antti
Ylitalo, had written public appeals to protect endangered natural bogs
831:
The
Finnish government ordered an energy evaluation report from VTT for energy tax reform which was published in 2010. VTT report studies the carbon tax for oil, gas, coal and peat. VTT did not give tax recommendations for peat based on its actual carbon load. The responsible director was Satu
901:
It "makes your hair stand on end", said
Professor Mäenpää. In legal proceedings every employer tends to lose the case. "In practice the attempts to restrict the basic human rights will label these organizations with a negative reputation that is strongly disapproved in public." The ability to
875:
VTT does not publish or control any economic or board membership commitments of its scientists as at least the members of board of public companies have to do. In medicine publications and conferences the statements of commitments of scientists are normal. Mr. Kari
Larjava, e.g. VTT expert in
787:(moss, moor). Vapo made a disqualification appeal against Ylitalo claiming that his statements formed a conflict of interests in the official evaluations of Vapo's applications. Ylitalo felt that the disqualification appeal by Vapo infringed his freedom of speech.
1194:
as energy and land is responsible for a third of all Finnish climate change emissions. This includes energy use, agriculture and digging ditches. Digging ditches in peat forests is also one of the major reducers of biodiversity in Finland. According to
95:. Peat has high global warming emissions and environmental concerns. It can be compared to brown coal (lignite) or even worse than this lowest rank of coal. Peat is considered the most harmful energy source for global warming in Finland. According to
797:
public financing over ten years for the reed canary grass cultivation. The reed, however, was viewed as a "flop", as it reportedly clogged equipment and remained at best equivalently priced to other products. As a result, most producers had quit.
1246:
25% of Finnish plants grow on bogs and 1/3 of Finnish birds live, at some stage, around the bog areas. Biologically there are 60-70 types of bogs. The Finnish language distinguishes the differences: ”letto, neva, räme, korpi,
645:
Finland's environmental administration has a new project studying water pollution from the peat collection areas. Local people have complained of water pollution. The new studies show 20-fold differences between samples. The
871:
acts as national committee of IPS. In addition to approximately 400 individual members from universities and other organisation; their corporate members are VTT, Vapo, Turveruukki and the Bioenergy Association of Finland.
746:
owned 33% of Vapo. This share was expanded to and 49.9% between 2005 and 2009. In 2009 ownership of Vapo was reconstructed to Suomen Energiavarat Oy, owned by EPV Energy (previously Etelä-Pohjanmaan Voima Oy) and several
650:
counts only the largest particles that are only about 10% of total. The heavy rain showers have been previously ignored. According to evaluations one rain shower could bring as much particles as the rest of the summer.
1259:
Peat is the most popular energy source in Finland for new energy investments 2005–2015. The new energy plants in Finland starting 2005-2015 have as energy source: peat 36% and hard coal 11%: combined: 47%. The major
1303:
for greenhouse gases, Finland has put in place a premium tariff scheme to subsidise peat. The premium tariff is designed to directly counter the effect of the European Union’s emissions trading scheme."
790:
According to VTT, in 2005 the major producers in Finland were Vapo Oy (78%) and Turveruukki Oy (10%) followed by Fortum Power and Heat, Kuopion Energia, Alholmens Kraft and Vaskiluodon Voima.
1299:. IEA recommends to adhere to the timetable to phase out the peat subsidies in 2010. "To encourage sustained production of peat in the face of negative incentives from the European Union’s
1769:
VTT:n johtajalla turvekytkös, Ministeriölle energiaveroraportin laatineen tutkijan tausta arveluttaa, Teknologiajohtajan esimies kiistää alaisensa edustavan turvelobbareita, HS 9.9.2010 A3
927:(IPCC) classified peat as a "solid fossil." Ten years later, they declined to do so again but also refused to classify it as biomass because its emissions are on par with fossil fuels.
860:
ry Association until 2009. Finbio was claimed to cooperate with the “Association of Finnish Peat Industries“ and “Peat Producers Association” lobbying members of parliament for peat.
1801:”Tukka nousi pystyyn”, Oikeusoppineet: VTT:n viestintäohje ristiriidassa perustuslain kanssa. Professori Mäenpään mukaan ”pimittämisohjeet rajoittavat sananvapautta, HS 10.9.2010 A5
1900:
Jyri Seppälä, Kaisu Aapala, Kimmo Silvo and Raimo Heikkilä 2008: Muistio Suomen IPCC-ryhmän avoimesta Turpeen ilmastovaikutusten arviointi -seminaarista. Suomen ympäristökeskus.
1440:
1415:
1886:
Esa Ruuskanen and Vapo: Suosta voimaa ja lämpöä, Turve Suomen energiapolitiikassa (Power and heat from peat, Peat in Finnish energy policy), Vapo 2010 pages UN 139
1887:
1633:
1228:
1220:
892:, Professor of Administration Law at Helsinki University, the new principles of VTT are in conflict with Finnish constitutional freedom to express one's opinions.
1238:
majority of swamps have been ditched for the forest production. Kyoto protocol do not consider emissions from nature and the emissions from the land use changes.
1203:
emissions in 2018. This includes emissions from peat storage and peat production area. Digging ditches in peatland fields in Finland created 6 million tons of CO
1632:
Esa Ruuskanen and Vapo: Suosta voimaa ja lämpöä, Turve Suomen energiapolitiikassa (Power and heat from peat, Peat in Finnish energy policy), Vapo 2010 page 131
806:
VTT used to be a state financed research organization but today it gets a third of its funds from the state and two thirds from the companies. This may create
1619:
Turpeennoston valumahaitat aliarvioitu, Ympäristöluvat perustuvat hyvin hatariin mittauksiin Suomen Luonto nro 3 (8.4.2011) Suomen Luonnonsuojeluliitto,
1961:
683:
1393:
1827:
1232:
1224:
1535:
Energy, Annual statistics 2007, Table 2.7 (Turveteollisuusliitto ry, Suomen turvetuottajat ry ja Vapo Oy), Statistics Finland December 2007
943:
1647:
1945:
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924:
836:
public in August 2010 in a STT (Finnish News Service) interview, when a group of VTT scientists claimed anonyme VTT of pressure.
755:(Finnforest) sold its share to Suomen Energiavarat Oy. In 2012 those responsible include several municipal energy companies e.g.
1307:
In April 2022 Neova said it would restart cutting for peat energy in Finland, due to the reduction in wood imports from Russia.
738:(formerly Vapo Oy) is the major peat producer in Finland. In 1984, Vapo was 100% owned by Finnish state. From 2002 to 2005, the
1207:
emissions annually. According to Statistics Finland. digging ditches in forest lands in Finland results in 7 million tons of CO
17:
1554:
911:
has been criticised by several scientists. For example, environment experts and university academics Mr. Raimo Heikkilä (
880:
and head of Ms. Helynen, did not know IPS but considered its membership of no relevant problem in regard to commitments.
2021:
1760:
VTT:n painostuspuheet eivät yllätä professoria, VTT on tarkentanut työntekijöidensä julkisuusohjeita, HS 27.8.2010 A10
1686:
reports all final.pdf Fuel Peat Industry in EU, Country reports – Finland, Ireland, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
939:
701:
647:
1607:
1523:
147:
established a contingency stockpile for peat, totaling approximately 20% of the peat consumption recorded in 2021.
144:
118:
Peat plays a notable role in Finland's energy system, representing 2.7% of total energy supply (TES) and 2.9% of
942:
since 2004. Ms. Eija-Riitta Korhola received campaign financing from the nuclear power industry in 2004 for the
1810:“Renewable energy sources and peat” Internet pages updated in 10.3.2006 by the Ministry of Trade and Industry
1595:
888:
In August 2010 VTT published new principles of its employees' freedom to make public statements. According to
1951:
2009 p. 14-15 if two owners, the emission is divided between them undepended of the actual share of the plant
1272:
2700 kt, Jyväskylän Energia 561 kt, Etelä-Pohjanmaan Voima Oy (EPV Energia) 374 kt, Kuopion Energia 186 kt,
1296:
112:
1965:
1288:
96:
2016:
1936:
Jari Lyytimäki and Harri Hakala, Ympäristön tila ja suojelu Suomessa Gaudeamus 2008 pages 178-179, 189
1824:
1555:"Energian kokonaiskulutus energialähteittäin (kaikki luokat) muuttujina Vuosi, Energialähde ja Tiedot"
1514:
Energy, Annual statistics 2006, Statistics Finland, Table 2.7 Energy peat production and consumption
1300:
832:
Helynen. The close relationships of Ms. Helynen and the peat industry associations was revealed.
1962:"Energy Policies of IEA Countries – ¨Finland 2007 Review IEA 26.3.2008, pages 9, 71, 80 and 83"
1787:
VTT:llä yhteys turvelobbareihin, Energiaselvityksen luotettavuudesta syntyi kohu HS 9.9.2010 A5
931:
119:
1651:
1583:
807:
739:
137:
1825:
Keskustelua: Turvetta suosiva energiapolitiikka perustuu kyseenalaiseen tutkimusraporttiin
889:
8:
1469:
935:
679:
48:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1277:
1196:
1464:
73:
1706:
1465:"EU Cohesion Policy: More than €465 million for a just climate transition in Finland"
1346:
793:
1987:"Peat production drops faster than expected in Finland – but may be on the way back"
1927:
Suomen virallisista hiilipäästöistä puuttuu kolmannes, Helsingin Sanomat 5.2.2011 A9
1778:
VTT:n johtaja puolustaa jäsenyyttään turveyhdistyksessä, HS 10.9.2010 A5 Piia Elonen
1685:
1366:"Peat production drops faster than expected in Finland – but may be on the way back"
1700:
1847:
1831:
946:
campaign. Many Finnish nuclear power companies are also peat industry companies.
1848:"Frequently Asked Questions - Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories"
1918:
Turpeen päästöjä vähennettävä, Helsingin Sanomat 29.4.2019 A5; Ilkka Savolainen
1324:
1269:
1261:
979:
768:
1248:
752:
743:
2026:
2010:
1338:
1291:
country report the Finnish subsidies for peat undermine the goal to reduce CO
844:
Satu Helynen was a member of Enas board during 2005-2009: a company owned by
715:
1490:
1909:
Energiatilastot 2007 Hiilidioksidipäästöt polttoaineittain Taulukko 11.3.1
772:
99:
the Finnish subsidies for peat in 2007-2010 undermined the goal to reduce
1748:
Oikeusasiamies tutkii VTT:n tutkijoiden painostusväitteet HS 22.9.2010 A9
1727:
1671:
1273:
714:
The accidental large water emission from peat collection area in 1981 in
992:
The share of coal and peat of the annual climate emissions (million t CO
1948:
1281:
77:
1441:"HS: Peat has lost its significance for security of supply in Finland"
1416:"HS: Peat has lost its significance for security of supply in Finland"
65:
1871:
956:
133:
In 2021 an estimated 2 million tonnes of peat was burnt in Finland.
1946:
Saastuttaminen kannattaa, selvitys energiainvestoinneista 2005-2010
916:
756:
674:
provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject
637:
1986:
1608:
Sähkön ja lämmön tuotanto tuotantomuodoittain ja polttoaineittain
1365:
1332:
920:
88:
964:
960:
877:
760:
1280:
nuclear plants and Jyväskylän and Kuopion Energia partners in
1722:
1620:
823:
general the contradictions of the electricity market report.
780:
776:
735:
728:
1723:"Energiakasvi osoittautui pettymykseksi - tuet ihmetyttävät"
1650:[Decades of Vapo] (in Finnish). Vapo. Archived from
111:
emissions and counteracted other environmental policies and
1295:
emissions and counteracts other environmental policies and
1191:
975:
912:
764:
748:
125:"White peat" is used in greenhouses and livestock farming.
92:
81:
1872:
Eija-Riitta Korhola sai vaalirahaa ydinvoimateollisuudelta
136:
Finland is set to receive over €465 million from the EU's
983:
845:
826:
819:
172:
165:
1229:
List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita
1221:
List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita
863:
Satu Helynen was a member of the executive board of the
91:
is one of the last countries in the world still burning
1544:
Energy, Annual statistics 2008, Table 2.7 February 2009
978:
and hard coal are the most harmful energy sources for
1314:
1823:Raimo Heikkilä, Tapio Lindholm, and Heikki Simola,
1814:, Uusiutuvat energialähteet ja turve, KTM 10.3.2006
1264:
emitting peat plants during 2005-15 are/will be (CO
938:, conservative member of parliament (Kokoomus) and
818:In the summer 2010, one researcher specialist from
813:
1699:
1199:use of peat as energy created 8 million tons of CO
839:
2008:
1852:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
1276:135 kt and Vapo 69 kt. EPV Energy is partner in
1579:
1577:
1575:
986:studies peat is often the most harmful source.
1667:"Vapo haluaa hyllyttää suolupien käsittelijän"
1233:List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions
1225:List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions
1658:
1586:Tilastokeskus, Statistics Finland 2011-03-29
1572:
1241:
944:2004 European Parliament election in Finland
1720:
1697:
1596:Energian kokonaiskulutus energialähteittäin
1538:
1297:The European Union emissions trading scheme
113:The European Union emissions trading scheme
1529:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1781:
1438:
1413:
925:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
792:Suo Oy, a subsidiary of Vapo, cultivates
702:Learn how and when to remove this message
654:
1721:Ala-Mettälä, Helena (29 February 2012).
1701:"Maataloustuet eivät riitä jättitilalle"
991:
636:
143:After Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the
84:has capacity of 884 GWh peat fuel energy
72:
64:
1903:
1756:
1754:
1664:
14:
2009:
1790:
1742:
1698:Lappalainen, Elina (1 February 2011).
1182:
827:VTT: Energy tax and scientific freedom
152:
1665:Säävälä, Hilkka (18 September 2010).
1394:"Finland 2023 - Energy Policy Review"
751:energy using companies. In June 2009
684:providing more context for the reader
1751:
1526:Statistics Finland, Preliminary 2007
1388:
1386:
658:
28:
856:. Satu Helynen was the chairman of
24:
1254:
25:
2038:
1383:
1214:
970:
940:Member of the European Parliament
1874:Vihreä Lanka 28. September 2007
1584:Fossiilinen ja uusiutuva energia
1439:Teivainen, Aleksi (2021-11-18).
1414:Teivainen, Aleksi (2021-11-18).
1331:
1317:
949:
814:VTT principles for communication
801:
727:This section is an excerpt from
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145:National Emergency Supply Agency
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1524:Fossil and renewable energy, TJ
848:and two peat energy companies:
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840:Satu Helynen and peat industry
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13:
1:
1834:Tieteessä tapahtuu no 3 2007
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905:
718:was an environmental wakeup.
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883:
7:
1401:International Energy Agency
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626:and 4.7 TWh industry heat.
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2022:Climate change in Finland
1491:"Finland 2023 – Analysis"
1242:Wildlife and biodiversity
982:in Finland. According to
919:) and Mr. Heikki Simola (
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42:This article needs to be
1301:emissions trading scheme
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930:Professor Atte Korhola
915:), Mr. Tapio Lindholm (
80:pulp and paper mill in
1688:30. December 2005. VTT
932:University of Helsinki
655:Environmental accident
642:
120:electricity generation
85:
70:
18:Peat energy in Finland
1648:"Vapon vuosikymmenet"
808:conflicts of interest
640:
76:
69:Peat plant in Finland
68:
138:Just Transition Fund
1470:European Commission
1211:emission annually.
936:Eija-Riitta Korhola
680:improve the article
1830:2011-07-20 at the
1197:Statistics Finland
854:Jyväskylän Energia
643:
86:
71:
2017:Energy in Finland
1707:Helsingin Sanomat
1654:on 23 March 2012.
1347:Energy in Finland
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16:(Redirected from
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150:
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29:
21:
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1922:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1856:
1854:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1832:Wayback Machine
1822:
1818:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1719:
1715:
1696:
1692:
1684:
1680:
1663:
1659:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1582:
1573:
1564:
1562:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1500:
1498:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1475:
1473:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1449:
1447:
1437:
1433:
1424:
1422:
1412:
1408:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1375:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1294:
1267:
1257:
1255:New investments
1244:
1235:
1217:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
995:
973:
952:
908:
886:
842:
829:
816:
804:
799:
798:
732:
724:
708:
697:
691:
688:
677:
668:
664:
657:
635:
629:
177:Share of total
171:
164:
131:
107:
104:
103:
102:
100:
59:
53:
50:
47:
38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2040:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2004:
2003:
1978:
1953:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1879:
1864:
1839:
1816:
1803:
1789:
1780:
1771:
1762:
1750:
1741:
1713:
1690:
1678:
1657:
1639:
1625:
1612:
1600:
1588:
1571:
1546:
1537:
1528:
1516:
1507:
1482:
1456:
1445:Helsinki Times
1431:
1420:Helsinki Times
1406:
1382:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1328:
1325:Finland portal
1312:
1309:
1292:
1265:
1262:carbon dioxide
1256:
1253:
1243:
1240:
1216:
1215:Carbon storage
1213:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1046:Coal and peat
1044:
1039:
1034:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1002:
998:
997:
993:
980:global warming
972:
971:Global warming
969:
951:
948:
934:is married to
907:
904:
885:
882:
841:
838:
828:
825:
815:
812:
803:
800:
733:
725:
723:
720:
710:
709:
671:
669:
662:
656:
653:
641:Bog in Finland
634:
631:
621:
620:
617:
614:
612:
608:
607:
604:
601:
599:
595:
594:
591:
588:
586:
582:
581:
578:
575:
573:
569:
568:
565:
562:
560:
556:
555:
552:
549:
547:
543:
542:
539:
536:
534:
530:
529:
526:
523:
521:
517:
516:
513:
510:
508:
504:
503:
500:
497:
495:
491:
490:
487:
484:
482:
478:
477:
474:
471:
469:
465:
464:
461:
458:
456:
452:
451:
449:
446:
444:
440:
439:
437:
434:
432:
428:
427:
425:
422:
420:
416:
415:
413:
410:
407:
403:
402:
400:
397:
394:
390:
389:
387:
384:
381:
377:
376:
374:
371:
368:
364:
363:
361:
358:
355:
351:
350:
348:
345:
342:
338:
337:
335:
332:
329:
325:
324:
322:
319:
316:
312:
311:
309:
306:
303:
299:
298:
296:
293:
290:
286:
285:
283:
280:
277:
273:
272:
270:
267:
264:
260:
259:
257:
254:
251:
247:
246:
244:
241:
238:
234:
233:
231:
228:
225:
221:
220:
218:
215:
212:
208:
207:
205:
202:
199:
195:
194:
192:
189:
186:
182:
181:
175:
168:
161:
157:
156:
154:
130:
127:
105:
61:
60:
41:
39:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2039:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1968:on 2017-12-25
1967:
1963:
1957:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1933:
1924:
1915:
1906:
1897:
1888:
1883:
1873:
1868:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1807:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1784:
1775:
1766:
1757:
1755:
1745:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1717:
1710:(in Finnish).
1709:
1708:
1702:
1694:
1687:
1682:
1675:(in Finnish).
1674:
1673:
1668:
1661:
1653:
1649:
1643:
1634:
1629:
1622:
1616:
1610:Tilastokeskus
1609:
1604:
1598:Tilastokeskus
1597:
1592:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1541:
1532:
1525:
1520:
1511:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1446:
1442:
1435:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1402:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1357:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1339:Energy portal
1334:
1329:
1326:
1315:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1290:
1287:According to
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1263:
1252:
1250:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1212:
1198:
1193:
1181:
1155:
1129:
1103:
1077:
1051:
1048:total %
1045:
1040:
1035:
1027:
1019:
1011:
1003:
1000:
999:
990:
987:
985:
981:
977:
968:
966:
962:
958:
950:International
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
903:
899:
896:
893:
891:
881:
879:
873:
870:
866:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
837:
833:
824:
821:
811:
809:
802:VTT case 2010
795:
791:
788:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
745:
741:
737:
730:
719:
717:
706:
703:
695:
685:
681:
675:
672:This article
670:
661:
660:
652:
649:
639:
630:
627:
618:
615:
613:
609:
605:
602:
600:
596:
592:
589:
587:
583:
579:
576:
574:
570:
566:
563:
561:
557:
553:
550:
548:
544:
540:
537:
535:
531:
527:
524:
522:
518:
514:
511:
509:
505:
501:
498:
496:
492:
488:
485:
483:
479:
475:
472:
470:
466:
462:
459:
457:
453:
450:
441:
438:
429:
426:
417:
414:
404:
401:
391:
388:
378:
375:
365:
362:
352:
349:
339:
336:
326:
323:
313:
310:
300:
297:
287:
284:
274:
271:
261:
258:
248:
245:
235:
232:
222:
219:
209:
206:
196:
193:
183:
180:
176:
174:
169:
167:
162:
159:
158:
155:
151:
148:
146:
141:
139:
134:
126:
123:
121:
116:
114:
98:
94:
90:
83:
79:
75:
67:
57:
45:
40:
31:
30:
27:
19:
1995:. Retrieved
1993:. 2022-04-19
1990:
1981:
1970:. Retrieved
1966:the original
1956:
1941:
1932:
1923:
1914:
1905:
1896:
1890:(in Finnish)
1882:
1876:(in Finnish)
1867:
1855:. Retrieved
1851:
1842:
1836:(in Finnish)
1819:
1812:(in Finnish)
1806:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1744:
1732:. Retrieved
1726:
1716:
1705:
1693:
1681:
1670:
1660:
1652:the original
1642:
1636:(in Finnish)
1628:
1615:
1603:
1591:
1563:. Retrieved
1561:(in Finnish)
1558:
1549:
1540:
1531:
1519:
1510:
1499:. Retrieved
1497:. 5 May 2023
1494:
1485:
1474:. Retrieved
1468:
1459:
1448:. Retrieved
1444:
1434:
1423:. Retrieved
1419:
1409:
1400:
1374:. Retrieved
1372:. 2022-04-19
1369:
1360:
1306:
1286:
1258:
1245:
1236:
1189:
996:and %)
974:
953:
929:
909:
900:
897:
894:
890:Olli Mäenpää
887:
874:
868:
864:
862:
857:
853:
849:
843:
834:
830:
817:
805:
789:
785:
734:
713:
698:
689:
678:Please help
673:
644:
628:
624:
179:Consumption
178:
153:Peat energy
142:
135:
132:
124:
117:
87:
54:January 2022
51:
43:
26:
1728:Yle Uutiset
1672:Yle Uutiset
1274:UPM Kymmene
955:example in
753:Metsäliitto
744:Metsä Group
633:Environment
170:Consumption
2011:Categories
1997:2022-09-01
1972:2011-02-07
1949:Greenpeace
1565:2024-06-13
1501:2024-03-10
1476:2022-12-28
1450:2022-12-28
1425:2022-09-01
1376:2022-06-14
1353:References
1282:Fennovoima
1219:See also:
906:Definition
740:Finnforest
716:Lestijärvi
163:Production
129:Energy use
78:Stora Enso
957:Indonesia
884:New rules
773:Seinäjoki
692:July 2022
122:in 2021.
1857:22 April
1828:Archived
1734:7 August
1370:YLE News
1311:See also
1043: %
1038: %
917:Helsinki
869:Suoseura
757:Helsinki
742:part of
1623:page 12
1403:. 2023.
1190:Use of
921:Joensuu
603:10 186
590:10 625
577:11 925
564:15 737
551:17 188
538:14 961
525:15 649
512:16 108
499:16 978
486:16 010
473:18 432
460:23 789
448:25,984
436:19,929
424:22,627
412:28,406
399:26,000
386:19,107
373:24,667
360:27,550
347:24,930
334:23,868
321:17,203
308:19,591
295:22,110
282:23,144
269:23,544
256:20,645
243:18,522
230:16,210
217:15,353
204:15,657
191:15,522
89:Finland
44:updated
1231:, and
1030:m t CO
1022:m t CO
1014:m t CO
1012:Fossil
1006:m t CO
965:Uganda
961:Brunei
878:biogas
858:Finbio
761:Vantaa
616:6 379
611:2023*
409:12,663
396:36,773
383:24,864
370:10,429
357:21,306
344:25,471
331:19,538
318:12,663
305:25,742
279:31,180
266:25,000
253:25,367
240:25,344
227:11,513
214:18,945
188:18,950
1559:PxWeb
1397:(PDF)
1268:kt):
1249:palsa
1178:39.3
1152:28.0
1126:39.0
1100:29.5
1074:33.1
1041:Peat
1028:Peat
1020:Coal
1001:Year
781:Lahti
777:Vaasa
769:Rauma
736:Neova
729:Neova
722:Neova
598:2022
585:2021
572:2020
559:2019
546:2018
533:2017
520:2016
507:2015
494:2014
481:2013
468:2012
455:2011
292:5,304
201:8,978
160:Year
2027:Peat
1991:News
1859:2020
1736:2024
1192:peat
1175:15.3
1172:24.0
1166:15.4
1163:64.1
1160:33.9
1157:2006
1149:13.6
1146:14.4
1137:52.8
1134:30.0
1131:2005
1123:14.5
1120:24.6
1114:15.8
1111:64.3
1108:32.3
1105:2004
1097:12.2
1094:17.3
1085:53.2
1082:29.4
1079:2000
1071:10.5
1068:22.6
1062:12.0
1059:53.1
1056:19.3
1053:1990
1036:Coal
1004:Bio
976:Peat
963:and
913:Oulu
852:and
850:Vapo
779:and
765:Oulu
749:peat
619:1,7
606:2,8
593:2,8
580:3,4
567:4,2
554:4,5
541:4,0
528:4,1
515:4,4
502:4,5
489:4,2
476:4,8
463:6,1
443:2010
431:2009
419:2008
406:2007
393:2006
380:2005
367:2004
354:2003
341:2002
328:2001
315:2000
302:1999
289:1998
276:1997
263:1996
250:1995
237:1994
224:1993
211:1992
198:1991
185:1990
93:peat
82:Oulu
1495:IEA
1289:IEA
1278:TVO
1270:PVO
1169:9.8
1143:7.2
1140:7.6
1117:9.3
1091:6.5
1088:9.2
1065:5.6
984:VTT
846:VTT
820:VTT
682:by
648:EIA
173:GWh
166:GWh
97:IEA
2013::
1989:.
1850:.
1792:^
1753:^
1725:.
1704:.
1669:.
1574:^
1557:.
1493:.
1467:.
1443:.
1418:.
1399:.
1385:^
1368:.
1227:,
1223:,
967:.
959:,
783:.
775:,
771:,
767:,
763:,
759:,
115:.
101:CO
2000:.
1975:.
1861:.
1738:.
1568:.
1504:.
1479:.
1453:.
1428:.
1379:.
1293:2
1266:2
1209:2
1205:2
1201:2
1032:2
1024:2
1016:2
1008:2
994:2
731:.
705:)
699:(
694:)
690:(
686:.
676:.
106:2
56:)
52:(
46:.
20:)
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