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743:. At the Kara and Yugor Straits, the total biomass is more than 500 mg/m (0.00010 lb/sq ft), the highest in the Barents Sea. This benefits benthic organisms such as walruses. The Pechora River, the main input for the Pechora Sea, has an average yearly runoff of 130 km (31 cu mi). The Pechora Sea has 70 fish species, the most abundant being
675:
Ice formation is boosted by the Sea's low salinity. The temperature ranges from −1.0 to 1.5 °C (30.2 to 34.7 °F) below 150 m (490 ft); 0.5 to 2 °C (32.9 to 35.6 °F) at the central part of the Sea; and 5 to 8 °C (41 to 46 °F) in summer and autumn at the southern
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The Sea's cold continental climate, a result of its location in the dead centre of the continent, gives favourable conditions to ice formation. As a result of this continental position and abundance of ice, the Sea's water column is stratified, its sediment is heterogeneous and its pelagic
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Gasprom is not prepared to deal adequately with a spill associated with oil production. As such, in
September, 2013, Greenpeace staged a confrontation with the Russian Coast Guard in which Greenpeace activists approached and attempted to scale a Gasprom drilling platform.
706:
Counteracting the Sea's continental position is the influx of nutrients supplied by the
Pechora River, which gives the Sea 4,570 km (1,100 cu mi) of sediment and 12,500 tonnes (12,500,000 kg; 13,800 short tons) of other suspended matter.
1283:
558:
began operating in the latter part of the 16th century. This line opened up the way to
Siberia's riches and it worked until 1619, when it was closed for military and political reasons, for fear of possible penetration by Europeans into
624:, the Pechora Sea's hydrologic situation is unique for its high input from rivers and heavy continental outflow. The Pechora River alone discharges about 130 km (31 cu mi) of freshwater into the Pechora Sea from the
603:
The Sea's shallowness makes it distinct from the rest of the
Barents Sea. Over its 205,607 km (79,385 sq mi) area, the average depth in the Sea is around 50 m (160 ft). This shallowness prevents the
587:
The
Pechora Sea's average depth is 6 m (20 ft), and its deepest point reaches 210 m (690 ft). The mean depth ranges from 11 m (36 ft) in the Bay to 190 m (620 ft) south of
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442:
506:, shallowness, separation from the open sea and large input from rivers, as well as a low level of human interference historically. Its temperate characteristics are not typical of the Arctic.
498:. It is the site of the yearly migration of one of the largest salmon stocks in Northern Europe. Compared to the rest of the Barents Sea, the Pechora Sea is unique for its more
527:
The
Pechora Sea was used as a starting point of the exploration of the then unknown icy seas lying to the east. The earliest recorded voyage across the Pechora Sea through the
514:
Historically, before the adjacent
Barents Sea was named as such, the Pechora Sea's own name was already established. The rest of the present-day Barents Sea was known then as
1509:
Gebruk, Anna; Zalota, Anna K.; Dgebuadze, Polina; Ermilova, Yulia; Spiridonov, Vassily A.; Shabalin, Nikolay; Henry, Lea-Anne; Henley, Sian F.; Mokievsky, Vadim O. (2021).
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596:, which influences the temperature and salinity of the central part of the Sea, flows eastwards. There are a few islands close to the coast, the largest of which is
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Its salinity ranges from 8 to 18 ‰ in the bay, 18 to 26 ‰ in the southern portion, and 34 ‰ in the central part, increasing with distance from the
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579:. At the central part of the Sea, the salinity stays around 34 ‰, and the temperature ranges from 0.5 to 2 °C (32.9 to 35.6 °F).
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The
Pechora Sea is blocked by floating ice from November to June—a relatively short period. The main river entering the Sea is the
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oil fields. The negative ecological impact of such industrial exploitation in the
Pechora Sea coast is significant. According to
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191:
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is significant, giving the
Pechora Sea less Arctic-like characteristics than would be expected at latitudes so far from the
71:
1360:"Stable isotopes in benthic foraminiferal calcite from a river-influenced Arctic marine environment, Kara and Pechora Seas"
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494:
with conditions befitting for benthic life, the Pechora Sea supports about 600 taxa and the Barents Sea's highest total
1188:
2515:
1212:
Distribution of endemic cetaceans in relation to hydrocarbon development and commercial shipping in a warming Arctic
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since the 11th century. The Arctic's first shipping line, the Great Mangazea Route, from the White Sea to the
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812:) as well as other fish populations from surrounding areas migrate throughout the Pechora Sea each autumn to
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below 150 m (490 ft): 34.5–34.95 ‰; central part: 34 ‰; summer and autumn, southern part: 18–26 ‰
851:
is more than 500 mg/m (0.00010 lb/sq ft), the highest in the Barents Sea. The most abundant
1850:
1624:
1343:
The Clearing-House Mechanism of the Convention on Biological Diversity: Information Submission Service
667:
sources like most oceans). This high input from rivers makes this area of the Arctic Ocean unique.
20:
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1400:
Dahle, Salve; Denisenko, Stanislav G.; Denisenko, Nina V.; Cochrane, Sabine J. (28 August 1998).
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ecosystem. The productive benthic environment fostered by the Pechora River holds more than 600
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2123:
1214:, Marine Policy 44, pp.375-389, DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2013.10.005, Retrieved on 29 January 2017
758:
fisheries, are of great importance for both Norway and Russia. There is a diversity of benthic
1511:"Trophic niches of benthic crustaceans in the Pechora Sea suggest that the invasive snow crab
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1339:"Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas: South-eastern Barents Sea (the Pechora Sea)"
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As of 2023, the Pechora Sea is one of the most developed places in the Arctic with regard to
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1258:"Prirazlomnaya oil spill would threaten Russian Arctic with irreparable disaster: study"
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fishes inhabit the Sea. One of the largest Northern European stocks of Atlantic salmon (
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In current times there is some oil drilling in the Pechora Sea at the Dolginskoye and
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in Northern Europe, and one of the region's largest, spawns in the Pechora's estuary.
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A marginal sea at the north-west of Russia, the south-eastern part of the Barents Sea
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Compared to other seas around the world, the Arctic Ocean's river-heavy source of
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Politova, N. V.; Kravchishina, N. D.; Novigatsky, A. N.; Lokhov, A. S. (2019).
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The Russian Expansion Towards Asia and the Arctic in the Middle Ages (to 1500)
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1284:"Environmentalists warn of risk of oil production in the Russian Arctic"
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RUSSIAN NAVAL OFFICERS AND GEOGRAPHIC EXPLORATION IN NORTHERN RUSSIA.
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and most other waterfowl species use the Sea as a stopover point.
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migrate into Pechora Sea for wintering. Various species such as
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Polyak, Leonid; Stanovoy, Vladimir; Lubinski, David J. (2003).
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Makarevich, Pavel; Druzhkova, Elena; Larionov, Viktor (2012).
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Pechora Sea pollution causes diseases of the Atlantic walruses
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of nutrients from the Atlantic, contributing to the Sea's low
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Leonid Sverdlov, (Member of the Russian Geographic Society),
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The Pechora Sea is the main 'staging and moulting ground for
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covers the floor of the Sea's coastal zone. On top of it is
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Reeves R.R., Ewins J.P., Agbayani S., Blijleven J., 2013,
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535:. Uleb's passing into the Kara Sea was recorded in 1032.
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659:) make up more than a third of the Arctic Ocean's total
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Regional Environment Case Study - Barents and Kara Seas
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There are about 600 taxa in the Pechora Sea. Various
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Human impact on coastal stability in the Pechora Sea
754:
The fisheries of the Barents Sea, in particular the
1437:"Chapter 16: Primary Producers of the Barents Sea"
1345:. Convention on Biological Diversity. 12 June 2015
1290:. Associated Press. 14 August 2012. Archived from
762:on the Pechora Sea floor. In addition, there is a
1550:20.500.11820/b83e5a04-2393-46e4-a4d2-3b94741800c4
1463:"Dispersed Sedimentary Matter of the Barents Sea"
691:The Pechora Sea has a humid continental climate.
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770:population associated with the Barents Sea. The
221:
663:from continental sources (as opposed to mostly
546:shores, have explored the Sea and the coast of
531:was made by early Russian explorer Uleb, from
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899:Relative to the rest of the Barents Sea, the
36:
1575:, Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg
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467:, forming the south-eastern portion of the
2526:Bodies of water of Nenets Autonomous Okrug
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1580:Oil and Gas Resources in North-West Russia
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703:, which exceptionally burdens the Arctic.
576:
575:. The Sea's salinity ranges from 18 to 34
483:; and to the north by the southern end of
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333:330,000 km (127,000 sq mi)
1325:. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 20 July 1998
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1072:Convention on Biological Diversity 2015
782:are threatened by possible pollutions.
358:81,263 km (31,376 sq mi)
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382:4,380 km (1,050 cu mi)
1147:Polyak, Stanovoy & Lubinski 2003
1108:Polyak, Stanovoy & Lubinski 2003
747:. This species is important for the
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2521:Bodies of water of the Barents Sea
1402:"Benthic fauna in the Pechora Sea"
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1515:could be an important competitor"
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1605:. The American Historical Review
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719:1 km (0.62 mi)-wide
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1:
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490:Located in the centre of the
1446:. InTech. pp. 367–392.
903:of the Pechora Sea is poor.
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7:
1573:Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus
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415:−1.0 °C (30.2 °F)
181:Show map of European Russia
59:Location of the Pechora Sea
10:
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1851:American Mediterranean Sea
1540:10.1007/s00300-020-02775-3
1442:. In Ali, Mahamane (ed.).
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927:Prirazlomnoye oil platform
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620:As with the neighbouring
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2516:Seas of the Arctic Ocean
1657:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
1570:C. Michael Hogan (2008)
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731:Biogeography and ecology
671:Temperature and salinity
374:210 m (690 ft)
21:Pechora (disambiguation)
1803:Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea
1444:Diversity of Ecosystems
1137:, p. 187, Table 2.
2124:Great Australian Bight
1587:S. A. Ogorodov (2004)
928:
801:
683:of the Pechora River.
407:8 °C (46 °F)
926:
918:petroleum exploration
793:
735:It supports a unique
711:productivity is low.
423:November to late June
366:6 m (20 ft)
1971:Gulf of St. Lawrence
1601:C. Raymond Beazley,
1385:10.1029/2001PA000752
1236:Politova et al. 2019
819:Coregonus autumnalis
644:10 lb) yearly.
492:East-Atlantic flyway
19:For other uses, see
2272:Gulf of Carpentaria
2066:Sea of the Hebrides
1695:King Haakon VII Sea
1531:2021PoBio..44...57G
1513:Chionoecetes opilio
1479:2019Ocgy...59..697P
1415:. Bergen: 183–210.
1376:2003PalOc..18.1003P
1294:on 3 September 2019
1288:The Washington Post
1247:S.A. Ogorodov, 2004
941:World Wildlife Fund
847:Straits, the total
795:Chionoecetes opilio
500:continental climate
240: /
2267:Gulf of California
2164:Mozambique Channel
1808:Queen Victoria Sea
1670:Bellingshausen Sea
1123:Gebruk et al. 2021
929:
802:
699:are threatened by
481:Yugorsky Peninsula
151:Show map of Russia
121:Show map of Europe
91:Show map of Arctic
2498:
2497:
2477:Oceans portal
2026:Mediterranean Sea
1976:Gulf of Venezuela
1768:East Siberian Sea
1710:Riiser-Larsen Sea
1453:978-953-51-0572-5
1262:Greenpeace Russia
1224:Dahle et al. 1998
1159:Dahle et al. 1998
1135:Dahle et al. 1998
1011:Dahle et al. 1998
984:Dahle et al. 1998
888:Sarcomastigophora
831:Long-tailed ducks
715:Seafloor sediment
676:part of the Sea.
521:Murmanskoye Morye
475:; to the east by
434:
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319:Ocean/sea sources
244:69.750°N 54.000°E
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2407:Endorheic basins
2287:Gulf of Thailand
2139:Gulf of Khambhat
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1264:. 14 August 2012
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412:Min. temperature
404:Max. temperature
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306:Primary outflows
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2277:Gulf of Fonseca
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1941:Gulf of Finland
1936:Gulf of Bothnia
1921:English Channel
1891:Bay of Campeche
1856:Archipelago Sea
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2299:
2294:
2292:Gulf of Tonkin
2289:
2284:
2282:Gulf of Panama
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2262:Gulf of Anadyr
2259:
2257:Gulf of Alaska
2254:
2252:East China Sea
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2081:Tyrrhenian Sea
2078:
2073:
2071:Sea of Marmara
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1961:Gulf of Mexico
1958:
1953:
1948:
1946:Gulf of Guinea
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1886:Bay of Bothnia
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1828:Atlantic Ocean
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1744:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1680:Cosmonauts Sea
1677:
1672:
1667:
1661:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1614:
1607:
1606:
1599:
1593:
1585:
1577:
1568:
1563:
1506:
1473:(5): 697–714.
1458:
1452:
1432:
1397:
1355:
1335:
1323:Britannica.com
1314:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1275:
1249:
1240:
1228:
1226:, p. 187.
1216:
1203:
1192:
1181:
1172:
1170:S. Dahle, 2004
1163:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1112:
1091:
1076:
1015:
1013:, p. 185.
988:
986:, p. 184.
972:
971:
969:
966:
963:
962:
952:
951:
949:
946:
913:
910:
908:
905:
896:
893:
787:
784:
732:
729:
716:
713:
701:climate change
688:
685:
672:
669:
636:10 tonnes (6.1
617:
614:
612:productivity.
584:
581:
568:
565:
511:
508:
477:Vaygach Island
432:
431:
429:
425:
424:
421:
417:
416:
413:
409:
408:
405:
401:
400:
397:
396:
390:
384:
383:
380:
376:
375:
372:
368:
367:
364:
360:
359:
356:
352:
351:
348:
347:
342:
335:
334:
331:
329:Catchment area
325:
324:
321:
315:
314:
309:
301:
300:
297:
293:
292:
287:
279:
278:
273:
269:
268:
263:
257:
256:
249:69.750; 54.000
224:
218:
217:
204:
203:
196:
195:
189:
188:
187:
186:
174:
173:
166:
165:
159:
158:
157:
156:
144:
143:
136:
135:
129:
128:
127:
126:
114:
113:
106:
105:
99:
98:
97:
96:
84:
83:
76:
75:
69:
68:
67:
66:
65:
62:
61:
58:
50:
49:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2543:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2511:European seas
2509:
2508:
2506:
2491:
2490:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2297:Halmahera Sea
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2189:Pacific Ocean
2186:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2159:Laccadive Sea
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2144:Gulf of Kutch
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2134:Gulf of Aqaba
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2114:Bay of Bengal
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2041:Norwegian Sea
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2011:Levantine Sea
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1966:Gulf of Sidra
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1956:Gulf of Maine
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1931:Greenland Sea
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1911:Caribbean Sea
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1881:Bay of Biscay
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1861:Argentine Sea
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1773:Greenland Sea
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1748:Amundsen Gulf
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1690:D'Urville Sea
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1604:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1519:Polar Biology
1516:
1514:
1507:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1445:
1438:
1433:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1398:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1324:
1320:
1319:"Pechora Sea"
1316:
1315:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1244:
1237:
1232:
1225:
1220:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1185:
1176:
1167:
1160:
1155:
1148:
1143:
1136:
1131:
1125:, p. 57.
1124:
1119:
1117:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
985:
980:
978:
973:
957:
953:
945:
942:
938:
934:
933:Prirazlomnoye
925:
921:
919:
904:
902:
901:water quality
892:
890:
889:
884:
883:
878:
877:
876:Echinodermata
872:
871:
866:
865:
860:
859:
854:
850:
846:
842:
837:
835:
832:
828:
823:
821:
820:
815:
811:
807:
800:
796:
792:
783:
781:
777:
776:beluga whales
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
728:
726:
722:
712:
708:
704:
702:
698:
694:
684:
682:
677:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
645:
631:
630:sediment load
627:
626:Pechora River
623:
613:
611:
607:
601:
599:
598:Dolgiy Island
595:
591:
590:Novaya Zemlya
580:
574:
564:
562:
557:
553:
549:
548:Novaya Zemlya
545:
541:
536:
534:
530:
525:
522:
517:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
486:
485:Novaya Zemlya
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
457:
448:
444:
439:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
363:Average depth
361:
357:
353:
349:
346:
343:
340:
336:
332:
330:
326:
322:
316:
313:
310:
308:
302:
299:Pechora River
298:
296:River sources
294:
291:
290:Pechora River
288:
286:
280:
277:
274:
270:
267:
264:
262:
258:
253:
225:
219:
193:
163:
133:
103:
73:
63:
56:
51:
46:
34:
29:
26:
22:
2487:
2468:
2342:Sea of Japan
2217:Bismarck Sea
2169:Persian Gulf
2154:Gulf of Suez
2149:Gulf of Oman
2129:Gulf of Aden
2096:Indian Ocean
2076:Thracian Sea
2061:Sea of Crete
2051:Sea of Åland
2046:Sargasso Sea
2021:Ligurian Sea
2006:Labrador Sea
1996:Irminger Sea
1951:Gulf of Lion
1906:Bothnian Sea
1896:Bay of Fundy
1871:Balearic Sea
1836:Adriatic Sea
1797:
1758:Beaufort Sea
1740:Arctic Ocean
1665:Amundsen Sea
1602:
1596:
1588:
1579:
1572:
1525:(1): 57–71.
1522:
1518:
1512:
1500:18 September
1498:. Retrieved
1470:
1466:
1443:
1426:18 September
1424:. Retrieved
1412:
1408:
1391:18 September
1389:. Retrieved
1367:
1363:
1349:18 September
1347:. Retrieved
1342:
1329:18 September
1327:. Retrieved
1322:
1296:. Retrieved
1292:the original
1287:
1278:
1266:. Retrieved
1261:
1252:
1243:
1231:
1219:
1206:
1195:
1184:
1175:
1166:
1154:
1142:
1130:
1110:, p. 1.
956:
930:
915:
898:
886:
880:
874:
868:
862:
856:
838:
824:
817:
803:
794:
753:
744:
734:
725:flaw polynya
718:
709:
705:
690:
678:
674:
646:
619:
602:
586:
570:
556:Yenisei Gulf
537:
526:
515:
513:
489:
437:
435:
379:Water volume
355:Surface area
323:Arctic Ocean
312:Arctic Ocean
272:Part of
25:
2420:Caspian Sea
2392:Visayan Sea
2372:Solomon Sea
2367:Sibuyan Sea
2362:Shantar Sea
2317:Molucca Sea
2312:Mar de Grau
2242:Chilean Sea
2237:Celebes Sea
2232:Camotes Sea
2197:Arafura Sea
2109:Arabian Sea
2104:Andaman Sea
2056:Sea of Azov
2031:Myrtoan Sea
1846:Alboran Sea
1798:Pechora Sea
1793:Lincoln Sea
1763:Chukchi Sea
1753:Barents Sea
1730:Weddell Sea
1700:Lazarev Sea
1370:(1): 1003.
1238:, Abstract.
912:Oil and gas
827:king eiders
810:Salmo salar
764:genetically
751:ecosystem.
749:cryopelagic
693:Polar bears
469:Barents Sea
438:Pechora Sea
276:Barents Sea
247: /
222:Coordinates
205:Pechora Sea
175:Pechora Sea
145:Pechora Sea
115:Pechora Sea
85:Pechora Sea
31:Pechora Sea
2505:Categories
2456:Superocean
2430:Salton Sea
2397:Yellow Sea
2387:Tasman Sea
2332:Salish Sea
2212:Bering Sea
2119:Flores Sea
2086:Wadden Sea
2016:Libyan Sea
1986:Ionian Sea
1981:Hudson Bay
1926:Foxe Basin
1916:Celtic Sea
1876:Baltic Sea
1866:Baffin Bay
1841:Aegean Sea
1813:Wandel Sea
1788:Laptev Sea
1720:Scotia Sea
1705:Mawson Sea
1467:Oceanology
968:References
937:Greenpeace
806:anadromous
768:polar bear
657:jet stream
583:Bathymetry
428:References
371:Max. depth
2352:Seram Sea
2322:Moro Gulf
2247:Coral Sea
2227:Bohol Sea
2222:Bohai Sea
2207:Banda Sea
2179:Timor Sea
2036:North Sea
2001:James Bay
1991:Irish Sea
1901:Black Sea
1818:White Sea
1725:Somov Sea
1685:Davis Sea
1559:230533350
1495:211265306
1421:0036-4827
1298:15 August
1268:15 August
895:Pollution
870:Crustacea
799:snow crab
774:group of
766:distinct
665:saltwater
616:Hydrology
606:upwelling
567:Geography
544:White Sea
443:‹See Tfd›
392:18–34.95
2489:Category
2425:Dead Sea
2415:Aral Sea
2382:Sulu Sea
2337:Savu Sea
2307:Koro Sea
2302:Java Sea
2202:Bali Sea
1783:Kara Sea
1715:Ross Sea
939:and the
882:Mollusca
858:Annelida
780:walruses
772:Karskaya
721:fast ice
622:Kara Sea
554:and the
552:Ob River
538:Russian
504:salinity
502:, lower
459:) is an
388:Salinity
2174:Red Sea
1582:(2008)
1527:Bibcode
1475:Bibcode
1372:Bibcode
1311:Sources
907:Economy
864:Bryozoa
849:biomass
839:At the
834:scoters
737:benthic
687:Climate
653:equator
610:pelagic
573:Pechora
561:Siberia
510:History
496:biomass
447:Russian
235:54°00′E
232:69°45′N
45:Russian
2439:Others
1645:oceans
1557:
1493:
1450:
1419:
1409:Sarsia
661:runoff
649:inflow
632:of 6.1
540:Pomors
461:Arctic
420:Frozen
345:Russia
41:
2446:Ocean
1641:Earth
1555:S2CID
1491:S2CID
1440:(PDF)
1405:(PDF)
948:Notes
853:phyla
845:Yugor
814:spawn
760:fauna
741:fauna
681:mouth
339:Basin
1649:seas
1647:and
1502:2023
1448:ISBN
1428:2023
1417:ISSN
1393:2023
1351:2023
1331:2023
1300:2012
1270:2012
885:and
855:are
843:and
841:Kara
695:and
436:The
261:Type
2451:Sea
1643:'s
1545:hdl
1535:doi
1483:doi
1380:doi
756:cod
524:).
266:Sea
2507::
1553:.
1543:.
1533:.
1523:44
1521:.
1517:.
1489:.
1481:.
1471:59
1469:.
1465:.
1413:83
1411:.
1407:.
1378:.
1368:18
1366:.
1362:.
1341:.
1321:.
1286:.
1260:.
1115:^
1094:^
1079:^
1018:^
991:^
976:^
920:.
891:.
879:,
873:,
867:,
861:,
829:.
727:.
600:.
563:.
487:.
453:,
449::
1633:e
1626:t
1619:v
1561:.
1547::
1537::
1529::
1504:.
1485::
1477::
1456:.
1430:.
1395:.
1382::
1374::
1353:.
1333:.
1302:.
1272:.
1161:.
1089:.
1074:.
642:×
638:×
634:×
577:‰
518:(
440:(
394:‰
47:)
43:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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