321:
42:
55:
309:
297:. Infestation on susceptible cotton is generally controlled with insecticides. Once a crop has been harvested, the field is plowed under as soon as possible to stop the life cycle of the new generation of pink bollworm. Unharvested bolls harbor the larvae, so these are destroyed. The plants are plowed into the earth and the fields are irrigated liberally to drown out remaining pests. Some farmers
301:
after harvest. Surviving bollworms will overwinter in the field and re-infest the following season. Populations of bollworms are also controlled with mating disruption, chemicals, and releases of sterile males which mate with the females but fail to fertilize their eggs.
374:
388:
Tabashnik, Bruce E.; Liesner, Leighton R.; Ellsworth, Peter C.; Unnithan, Gopalan C.; Fabrick, Jeffrey A.; Naranjo, Steven E.; Li, Xianchun; Dennehy, Timothy J.; Antilla, Larry; Staten, Robert T.; Carrière, Yves (2021-01-05).
239:
farming. The adult is a small, thin, gray moth with fringed wings. The larva is a dull white caterpillar with eight pairs of legs with conspicuous pink banding along its dorsum. The larva reaches one half inch in length.
243:
The female moth lays eggs in a cotton boll, and when the larvae emerge from the eggs, they inflict damage through feeding. They chew through the cotton lint to feed on the seeds. Since cotton is used for both
259:
in most of the world's cotton-growing regions. It reached the cotton belt in the southern United States by the 1920s. It was a major pest in the cotton fields of the southern
California deserts. The
925:
752:
975:
791:
558:
886:
345:
252:, the damage is twofold. Their disruption of the protective tissue around the boll is a portal of entry for other insects and fungi.
726:
391:"Transgenic cotton and sterile insect releases synergize eradication of pink bollworm a century after it invaded the United States"
17:
260:
263:
announced in 2018 that it had been eradicated from the continental United States, through the synergistic combination of using
930:
945:
910:
778:
687:
705:
970:
960:
796:
320:
718:
950:
879:
915:
955:
783:
765:
635:
602:
54:
640:
980:
375:"USDA Announces Pink Bollworm Eradication Significantly Saving Cotton Farmers in Yearly Control Costs"
872:
965:
920:
271:
940:
166:
607:
935:
757:
570:
282:
149:
822:
550:
905:
661:
469:
402:
353:
505:
8:
289:
has admitted that this variety is ineffective against the pink bollworm pest in parts of
473:
406:
860:
433:
390:
175:
49:
817:
648:
487:
438:
420:
277:
In parts of India, the pink bollworm is now resistant to first generation transgenic
617:
653:
477:
428:
410:
308:
256:
226:
41:
482:
457:
804:
545:
298:
856:
713:
700:
593:
249:
899:
692:
424:
415:
770:
491:
442:
126:
809:
852:
739:
627:
506:"Bt cotton ineffective against pest in parts of Gujarat, admits Monsanto"
116:
106:
731:
744:
849:
674:
278:
267:
264:
236:
86:
66:
564:
679:
587:
286:
387:
290:
666:
245:
96:
76:
561:. Lists general information and resources for Pink Bollworm.
294:
845:
458:"Hardy Cotton-Munching Pests Are Latest Blow to GM Crops"
346:"Pink Bollworm - Texas A&M Department of Entomology"
255:
The pink bollworm is native to Asia, but has become an
926:
Lepidoptera of the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
897:
557:, National Invasive Species Information Center,
395:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
880:
559:United States National Agricultural Library
887:
873:
281:(Bollgard cotton) that expresses a single
40:
481:
432:
414:
235:) is an insect known for being a pest in
14:
898:
350:Texas A&M Department of Entomology
976:Taxa named by William Wilson Saunders
569:
568:
455:
839:
719:fe855a90-0a1a-4e47-b9ea-0dec880860fa
526:
24:
25:
992:
551:Species Profile - Pink Bollworm (
539:
319:
307:
53:
498:
449:
381:
367:
338:
13:
1:
483:10.1126/science.327.5972.1439
859:. You can help Knowledge by
331:
7:
10:
997:
931:Lepidoptera of West Africa
838:
535:, © 1990 Chicago, Illinois
946:Lepidoptera of Mozambique
911:Agricultural pest insects
577:
533:New Standard Encyclopedia
181:
174:
155:
148:
50:Scientific classification
48:
39:
34:
608:Pectinophora_gossypiella
579:Pectinophora gossypiella
553:Pectinophora gossypiella
222:Pectinophora gossypiella
159:Pectinophora gossypiella
18:Pectinophora gossypiella
971:Moths described in 1844
961:Lepidoptera of Tanzania
416:10.1073/pnas.2019115118
272:releasing sterile males
185:Depressaria gossypiella
326:Illustrated Life Cycle
230:
951:Lepidoptera of Angola
198:Platyedra gossypiella
714:Fauna Europaea (new)
203:Gelechia umbripennis
193:Gelechia gossypiella
916:Moths of Madagascar
474:2010Sci...327.1439B
407:2021PNAS..11819115T
141:P. gossypiella
956:Insects of Somalia
844:This article on a
456:Bagla, P. (2010).
401:(1): e2019115118.
981:Apatetrinae stubs
868:
867:
833:
832:
818:Open Tree of Life
571:Taxon identifiers
546:Pink bollworm IPM
527:General reference
213:
212:
207:
189:
16:(Redirected from
988:
889:
882:
875:
840:
826:
825:
813:
812:
800:
799:
787:
786:
774:
773:
761:
760:
748:
747:
735:
734:
722:
721:
709:
708:
696:
695:
683:
682:
670:
669:
657:
656:
644:
643:
631:
630:
621:
620:
611:
610:
598:
597:
596:
566:
565:
520:
519:
517:
516:
502:
496:
495:
485:
453:
447:
446:
436:
418:
385:
379:
378:
371:
365:
364:
362:
361:
352:. Archived from
342:
323:
311:
299:burn the stubble
257:invasive species
206:Walsingham, 1885
205:
187:
161:
58:
57:
44:
32:
31:
21:
996:
995:
991:
990:
989:
987:
986:
985:
966:Moths of Europe
921:Moths of Africa
896:
895:
894:
893:
836:
834:
829:
821:
816:
808:
805:Observation.org
803:
795:
790:
782:
777:
769:
764:
756:
751:
743:
738:
730:
725:
717:
712:
704:
699:
691:
686:
678:
673:
665:
660:
652:
647:
639:
634:
626:
624:
616:
614:
606:
601:
592:
591:
586:
573:
542:
529:
524:
523:
514:
512:
504:
503:
499:
454:
450:
386:
382:
373:
372:
368:
359:
357:
344:
343:
339:
334:
327:
324:
315:
312:
170:
163:
157:
144:
52:
28:
27:Species of moth
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
994:
984:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
941:Moths of Japan
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
892:
891:
884:
877:
869:
866:
865:
831:
830:
828:
827:
814:
801:
788:
775:
762:
749:
736:
723:
710:
701:Fauna Europaea
697:
684:
671:
658:
645:
632:
622:
612:
599:
583:
581:
575:
574:
563:
562:
548:
541:
540:External links
538:
537:
536:
528:
525:
522:
521:
497:
468:(5972): 1439.
448:
380:
366:
336:
335:
333:
330:
329:
328:
325:
318:
316:
313:
306:
232:lagarta rosada
211:
210:
209:
208:
200:
195:
190:
188:Saunders, 1844
179:
178:
172:
171:
164:
153:
152:
146:
145:
138:
136:
132:
131:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
46:
45:
37:
36:
35:Pink bollworm
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
993:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
936:Moths of Asia
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
903:
901:
890:
885:
883:
878:
876:
871:
870:
864:
862:
858:
854:
851:
847:
842:
841:
837:
824:
819:
815:
811:
806:
802:
798:
793:
789:
785:
780:
776:
772:
767:
763:
759:
754:
750:
746:
741:
737:
733:
728:
724:
720:
715:
711:
707:
702:
698:
694:
689:
685:
681:
676:
672:
668:
663:
659:
655:
650:
646:
642:
637:
633:
629:
623:
619:
613:
609:
604:
600:
595:
589:
585:
584:
582:
580:
576:
572:
567:
560:
556:
554:
549:
547:
544:
543:
534:
531:
530:
511:
507:
501:
493:
489:
484:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
452:
444:
440:
435:
430:
426:
422:
417:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
384:
376:
370:
356:on 2022-12-09
355:
351:
347:
341:
337:
322:
317:
310:
305:
304:
303:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
275:
273:
269:
266:
262:
258:
253:
251:
247:
241:
238:
234:
233:
228:
224:
223:
218:
217:pink bollworm
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
186:
183:
182:
180:
177:
173:
168:
162:
160:
154:
151:
150:Binomial name
147:
143:
142:
137:
134:
133:
130:
129:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
61:
56:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
861:expanding it
843:
835:
578:
552:
532:
513:. Retrieved
509:
500:
465:
461:
451:
398:
394:
383:
369:
358:. Retrieved
354:the original
349:
340:
276:
254:
242:
231:
221:
220:
216:
214:
202:
197:
192:
184:
158:
156:
140:
139:
128:Pectinophora
127:
29:
906:Pexicopiini
853:Apatetrinae
740:iNaturalist
615:AfroMoths:
314:Caterpillar
117:Gelechiidae
107:Lepidoptera
900:Categories
515:2017-07-26
360:2018-04-26
285:(Cry1Ac).
265:transgenic
87:Arthropoda
850:subfamily
510:The Hindu
425:0027-8424
332:Footnotes
279:Bt cotton
268:Bt cotton
135:Species:
73:Kingdom:
67:Eukaryota
779:LepIndex
758:11002377
625:BioLib:
618:PECTGOSS
594:Q2168361
588:Wikidata
492:20299559
443:33443170
287:Monsanto
250:seed oil
176:Synonyms
167:Saunders
113:Family:
83:Phylum:
77:Animalia
63:Domain:
848:of the
732:5121979
470:Bibcode
462:Science
434:7817146
403:Bibcode
291:Gujarat
283:Bt gene
227:Spanish
169:, 1844)
123:Genus:
103:Order:
97:Insecta
93:Class:
823:108952
810:182842
784:103657
745:477943
706:436837
693:302311
680:PECTGO
667:935783
490:
441:
431:
423:
237:cotton
855:is a
797:13191
771:39417
753:IRMNG
688:EUNIS
654:938TG
641:93289
628:48271
295:India
246:fiber
857:stub
846:moth
792:NCBI
727:GBIF
675:EPPO
636:BOLD
488:PMID
439:PMID
421:ISSN
270:and
261:USDA
248:and
215:The
766:ISC
662:EoL
649:CoL
603:AFD
478:doi
466:327
429:PMC
411:doi
399:118
902::
820::
807::
794::
781::
768::
755::
742::
729::
716::
703::
690::
677::
664::
651::
638::
605::
590::
508:.
486:.
476:.
464:.
460:.
437:.
427:.
419:.
409:.
397:.
393:.
348:.
293:,
274:.
229::
225:;
888:e
881:t
874:v
863:.
555:)
518:.
494:.
480::
472::
445:.
413::
405::
377:.
363:.
219:(
165:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
