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It receives inputs from many areas of the brain. It both projects to and receives input from most parts of the basal ganglia, with the exception of the substantia nigra pars compacta (which it projects to but does not receive input from), and the
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Recent research has discovered that the pedunculopontine nucleus is involved in the planning of movement, and that different networks of neurons in the pedunculopontine nucleus are switched on during real and imagined movement.
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Perera, Thushara; Tan, Joy L.; Cole, Michael H.; Yohanandan, Shivy A. C.; Silberstein, Paul; Cook, Raymond; Peppard, Richard; Aziz, Tipu; Coyne, Terry; Brown, Peter; Silburn, Peter A.; Thevathasan, Wesley (2018-10-01).
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Aravamuthan BR, Muthusamy KA, Stein JF, Aziz TZ, Johansen-Berg H (2007). "Topography of cortical and subcortical connections of the human pedunculopontine and subthalamic nuclei".
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47:
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Winn P (October 2006). "How best to consider the structure and function of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus: evidence from animal studies".
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289:. It is involved in voluntary movements, arousal, and provides sensory feedback to the cerebral cortex and one of the main components of the
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464:. Clinical trials show improvement of balance and postural reactions when the pedunculopontine nucleus is electrically stimulated.
436:. While once thought important to the initiation of movement, recent research suggests a role in providing sensory feedback to the
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Benarroch, Eduardo E. (19 March 2013). "Pedunculopontine nucleus
Functional organization and clinical implications".
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of the pedunculopontine nucleus might be used to improve the gait and postural difficulties found in
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Tsang EW, Hamani C, Moro E, Mazzella F, Poon YY, Lozano AM, Chen R (2010).
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760:"Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology of the Pedunculopontine Nucleus"
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333:. It has two divisions of subnuclei; the pars compacta, containing mainly
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Stained brain slice images which include the "pedunculopontine%20nucleus"
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Mena-Segovia, Juan; Bolam, J. Paul; Martinez-Gonzalez, Cristina (2011).
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Jankovic, Joseph (2015). "Gait disorders". In
Jankovic, Joseph (ed.).
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The pedunculopontine nucleus is involved in many functions, including
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to a wide range of areas in the brain, particularly parts of the
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826:"Topographical Organization of the Pedunculopontine Nucleus"
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408:(which it receives input from but does not project to).
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Garcia-Rill E (1991). "The pedunculopontine nucleus".
337:neurons, and the pars dissipata, containing mainly
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281:) is a collection of neurons located in the upper
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485:. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. pp. 249–268.
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991:/Research-Report-Wesley-Thevathsan-Web-1
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143:Pedunculopontine nucleus at number 13
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301:. It was first described in 1909 by
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921:Tattersall TL, et al. (2014).
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432:, and voluntary limb movements and
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758:Jenkinson N, Nandi D (July 2009).
509:French, IT; Muthusamy, KA (2018).
456:Research is being done on whether
271:pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
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972:Brain Foundation Research Report
889:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.05.050
808:, Berlin, 1909. pag. 58, fig. 22
406:substantia nigra pars reticulata
245:Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
31:
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515:Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
293:. It is a potential target for
1249:Medial longitudinal fasciculus
1211:Medial longitudinal fasciculus
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362:substantia nigra pars compacta
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1:
1264:Lateral vestibulospinal tract
1012:Brain: A Journal of Neurology
467:
55:secondary or tertiary sources
1447:Lateral parabrachial nucleus
1259:Medial vestibulospinal tract
1237:Inferior cerebellar peduncle
729:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182886a76
635:10.1016/0301-0082(91)90016-t
585:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f25b35
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331:superior cerebellar peduncle
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1442:Medial parabrachial nucleus
1216:Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers
291:reticular activating system
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66:"Pedunculopontine nucleus"
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1397:Inferior salivary nucleus
1392:Superior salivary nucleus
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1242:Vestibulocerebellar tract
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683:10.1016/j.jns.2006.05.036
313:Structure and projections
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1454:Superior olivary nucleus
1417:Pedunculopontine nucleus
1369:Trigeminal motor nucleus
1189:Ventral trigeminal tract
1140:Superior medullary velum
843:10.3389/fnana.2011.00022
528:10.3389/fnagi.2018.00099
390:supplementary motor area
366:globus pallidus internus
263:pedunculopontine nucleus
132:Pedunculopontine nucleus
1437:Subparabrachial nucleus
1206:Central tegmental tract
1184:Dorsal trigeminal tract
1533:Pontocerebellar fibers
1135:Cerebellopontine angle
458:deep brain stimulation
295:deep brain stimulation
42:relies excessively on
1523:Corticopontine fibers
1254:Vestibulospinal tract
1374:Facial motor nucleus
1179:Trigeminal lemniscus
1024:10.1093/brain/awy216
329:and adjacent to the
303:Louis Jacobsohn-Lask
1573:Reticular formation
1518:Corticobulbar tract
1513:Corticospinal tract
1432:Parabrachial nuclei
930:Nature Neuroscience
462:Parkinson's disease
452:Parkinson's disease
358:subthalamic nucleus
299:Parkinson's disease
1564:Other grey: Raphe/
1506:: Motor/descending
1427:Pneumotaxic center
1410:Grey: Other nuclei
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1338:Vestibular nuclei
1201:Lateral lemniscus
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1383:Abducens nucleus
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1600:Raphe nuclei
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1303:Trigeminal
983:/wp-content
335:cholinergic
319:red nucleus
305:, a German
154:Identifiers
1593:Paramedian
877:NeuroImage
764:Mov Disord
468:References
434:locomotion
374:cerebellum
184:NeuroNames
77:newspapers
44:references
1588:Tegmental
1566:reticular
1356:efferent:
1307:Principal
1290:afferent:
1167:: Sensory
1119:tegmentum
1032:1460-2156
717:Neurology
573:Neurology
442:REM sleep
422:attention
412:Functions
382:brainstem
287:brainstem
1622:Category
1472:Ventral/
1343:Superior
1331:Anterior
1230:: Motor
1050:30165427
985:/uploads
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691:16765383
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603:20702790
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426:learning
370:thalamus
348:project
196:NeuroLex
1544:Surface
1128:Surface
1115:Dorsal/
1069:at the
1041:6158752
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853:3074429
643:1887068
594:2942031
538:5933166
418:arousal
346:neurons
325:to the
285:in the
177:D045042
149:Details
91:scholar
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954:S2CID
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350:axons
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