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he had recently bought on
Clements Road and Drummond Road, Bermondsey. Commissioning a new integrated factory, its resultant scale and sweet-emanating smell resulted in Bermondsey gaining the nickname "Biscuit Town". The opening of the factory coincided in 1866 with James Peek stepping down from the
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Left derelict for a long period, the former premises were eventually redeveloped into what today is called the Tower Bridge
Business Complex. One of the streets near the site of the factory is still called Frean Street, after the company's co-founder. In 2020, plans to redevelop the former Biscuit
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In 1824, Peek married
Elizabeth Masters (1799–1867). The couple had eight children. By 1857, two of his late-teenage sons had announced that they were not going to join the family tea import business. Peek wanted them in a complementary trade and proposed that they start a biscuit business. After
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Like many good employers of the
Victorian age, the company developed an enlightened paternalistic approach, giving many innovative benefits to its employees. At its Biscuit Town factory, much like a mini-town, as well as having: an on-site bank, post office and fire station; employees and their
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countries, a hard, square, pin-pricked (known as "docker-holes", introduced by the baker to stop the biscuit expanding like a bread) dry style, suitable for storage on ships in passage due to its longevity. However, Carr brought his knowledge of both the
Scottish cake-like tradition (i.e.,
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founding the business, the two sons quickly decided on a different course (one died in his early 20s; the other emigrated to North
America). As a consequence, Peek needed someone to run the biscuit business. One of his nieces, Hannah Peek, had recently married George Hender Frean, a
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families had free-to-use access to on-site medical, dental and optical services. The original contracted hours were 68 across a Monday-Saturday double-shift pattern, but these were reduced from 1868 without a reduction in pay, noted as highly beneficial by
719:), and many of the international subsidiaries were sold off locally to in-country investors, e.g. EBM. As part of its cost cutting, BSN ended use and marketing of the brand in the UK, which allowed it to shut the factory in Bermondsey. In September 2004
628:. The directors wanted to ensure that the workers indulged in "virtuous pursuits", and so formed the first of the company paid-for societies, included: a cricket club (1868); musical society (1907); and athletic and dramatic societies (both 1908). Post-
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During the course of its life, the firm's brand name changed from Peek, Frean and Co. to Peek Frean (in the early twentieth century) and then to Peek Freans (by the 1970s, the name having been used in the possessive case on products for many years).
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of the now publicly listed company in 1901. However, on his death in 1904, again the Peek family had nothing more to do with managing the business. John Carr's family remained actively associated with the business for several more generations.
263:, England which is now a global brand of biscuits and related confectionery owned by various food businesses. De Beauvoir Biscuit Company owns but does not market in the United Kingdom, Europe and United States
632:, the company set up a tribunal, through which workers could freely express and debate their concerns. This resulted in the company giving its employees a pension plan, plus a week's paid holiday per year.
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After 126 years, the London factory was closed by then owner BSN on
Wednesday 26 May 1989. The closing down of the factory in Bermondsey was the subject of the 1988 documentary film
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550:. With James Peek still viewing the business as a complementary and co-marketing opportunity to the family's tea company, they began introducing sweetened product lines:
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334:. After hostilities ended, the French Government ordered a further 16,000 long tons (16,000 t)/11 million sweet "Pearl" biscuits in celebration of the end of the
644:, resulting in the creation of a holding company, Associated Biscuit Manufacturers Ltd (ABM). However, both biscuit firms retained their own brands and premises.
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In 1865, Peek agreed with Carr that the business needed bigger premises. In exchange for a stake in the business, Carr gave the company 10 acres (4.0 ha) of
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In 2017, the Peek Frean trademark was acquired by the great-great-great-grandson of
Francis Peek, the first Chairman of Peek Frean and the son of James Peek.
711:, to pay down the resulting debt, various assets were sold off. This included dividing the former Peek Freans company; the North America division was sold to
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Town site as build-to-rent (BTR) housing were announced, with a £500m, 1600-home BTR scheme given planning permission in March 2024.
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Plum
Pudding—London, High Class Ingredients Only" from 1900. It was one of a thousand puddings sent to British sailors during the
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shot by Cricks and Sharp. This was in part to celebrate an expansion of the company's cake business, which later made the
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From the outset of its establishment, the company produced what were then the established form of biscuits in the
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as a local joint-venture production company from 1965, which still owns the various brand rights in the country.
465:. In 1931, five personnel from the Bermondsey factory went to Australia to train the staff in the new factory in
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1865: a soft biscuit, the "Pearl". This was the first soft-biscuit introduced by a UK-based manufacturer
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for 460 long tons (470 t) of biscuits for the ration packs supplied to soldiers fighting the
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The partners registered their business in 1857 as Peek, Frean & Co. Ltd, based in a disused
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On 23 April 1873, the old
Dockhead factory burnt down in a spectacular fire, which brought the
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In 1906, the Peek, Frean and Co. factory in Bermondsey was the subject of one of the earliest
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maker in Devon, so Peek wrote to Frean asking him to manage the new biscuit business.
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In 1921, Peek Frean entered into an amalgamation agreement with rival biscuit firm
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1910: a biscuit with crème filling, launched as the "Creola", now known as the
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In 1924, the company established their first factory outside the UK, in
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bought ABM. In 1985, Nabisco was acquired by the foods division of
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From 1861, Peek, Frean & Co. Ltd started exporting biscuits to
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importation company, established as Peek Brothers and Co., in the
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business, installing his son-in-law Thomas Stone in his place.
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on Mill Street in Dockhead, South East London, in the west of
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James Peek (1800–1879) was one of three brothers born in
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947:"Go-ahead for 1,600 rental homes for London biscuit factory"
565:, London, greatly financed by Peek Frean and erected in 1921
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1082:"PEEK FREAN BISCUITS COULD BE BACK ON UK SHELVES NEXT YEAR"
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In the 1970's Peek Freans were advertised with the popular
481:, which still today produces Peek Freans branded products.
16:
Former biscuit company based in London, now a global brand
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horse-drawn water pump to view the resulting explosions.
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James Peek died aged 79 at his home in Watcombe near
859:"Peek Frean's Biscuit Factory in Bermondsey, London"
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was discovered at the back of a kitchen cupboard in
635:
315:-based Scottish milling and biscuit-making family,
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2340:Companies based in the London Borough of Southwark
972:"Christmas pudding found in Poole after 112 years"
473:. In 1949, they established their first bakery in
2321:
1030:"Peek Freans Cookie Commercial (1979) - YouTube"
584:1875: the "Marie", an Anglicised version of the
452:Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer
906:"A Visit to Peek Frean and Co.'s Biscuit Works"
529:Society – hence its recipe being alcohol-free.
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691:The company was broken apart from 1982, after
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932:British Universities Film & Video Council
2350:Food and drink companies established in 1857
699:, resulting in the creation of conglomerate
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667:, "Peek Freans are a Very Serious Cookie."
2380:History of the London Borough of Southwark
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998:"The Kitchen Thinker: Garibaldi biscuits"
448:Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
2360:British companies disestablished in 1989
1050:"Danone sells its UK biscuits to United"
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590:1899: the first chocolate covered sweet
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570:1861: sweet fruit-filled biscuit, the
490:made by local, independent filmmakers
2345:British companies established in 1857
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2107:in the U.S. under licensing agreement
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723:bought what was by then known as the
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703:. After RJR Nabisco was bought in a
525:, superintendent of the Royal Naval
49:adding citations to reliable sources
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2064:Cadbury Chocolate Factory (Toronto)
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1143:A peek at Peek Freans by Will Pavia
1123:Southwark Council Blue Plaques 2005
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648:joined the conglomerate from 1961.
594:, marketed as the "Chocolate Table"
513:, it was a "Peek, Frean & Co's
13:
880:"Biscuit Factory Makes 'Comeback'"
683:, Australia. As of 2022, it was a
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2365:1989 disestablishments in England
1768:The Natural Confectionery Company
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494:, directed by Olivier Stockman.
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1138:The Pumphouse Educational Museum
636:Associated Biscuit Manufacturers
477:, located on Bermondsey Road in
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388:1891 advertisement in London by
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1134:Peek Frean Permanent Exhibition
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197:Company defunct, became a brand
36:needs additional citations for
2355:1857 establishments in England
2330:Bakeries of the United Kingdom
1136:—Rotherhithe Heritage Museum,
1058:. 24 July 2004. Archived from
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945:Morby, Aaron (11 March 2024).
920:
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697:R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
574:, named after Italian general
1:
2385:Mondelez International brands
2370:British royal warrant holders
1011:English Biscuit Manufacturers
833:Geoff Marshall (1 May 2013).
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740:English Biscuit Manufacturers
650:English Biscuit Manufacturers
597:1902: "Pat-a-Cake" shortbread
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422:(1858-1904) became the first
237:English Biscuit Manufacturers
835:London's Industrial Heritage
511:Portsmouth Historic Dockyard
434:Peek Freans Bookmark c. 1900
163:; 167 years ago
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509:. Donated to the museum at
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578:who toured the UK in 1854.
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908:. Cricks and Sharp. 1906
679:The Peek Frean tower in
407:by Peek, Frean & Co.
2281:Statue of George Palmer
1321:United Biscuits Network
709:Kohlberg Kravis Roberts
600:1909: the "Golden Puff"
501:In late 2011, a tinned
2390:United Biscuits brands
1364:Mondelez International
1130:—University of Reading
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615:1930s: Cheeselets and
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181:; 35 years ago
2163:Huntley & Palmers
1128:Records of Peek Frean
951:Construction Enquirer
837:. The History Press.
725:Jacob's Biscuit Group
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642:Huntley & Palmers
609:1912: the "Shortcake"
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928:"Old Ways, New Ways"
350:from the mid-1870s.
45:improve this article
2059:Cadbury's Claremont
2054:2021 Nabisco strike
1728:Palitos de la selva
1669:Green & Black's
1111:Peek Freans history
1062:on 27 December 2007
420:Francis Hedley Peek
372:London Fire Brigade
332:Franco-Prussian War
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2266:London Road Campus
1116:2009-02-15 at the
1016:2010-08-10 at the
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1088:. 7 December 2017
978:. 2 November 2011
886:. 8 February 2005
612:1923: the "Glaxo"
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62: –
61:
60:"Peek Freans"
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
2214:
1910:Other brands
1900:Swedish Fish
1679:Jelly Babies
1495:Mr. Christie
1449:
1415:Ginger Snaps
1279:
1210:Abbey Crunch
1090:. Retrieved
1085:
1076:
1064:. Retrieved
1060:the original
1053:
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980:. Retrieved
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910:. Retrieved
900:
890:23 September
888:. Retrieved
874:
864:23 September
862:. Retrieved
853:
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626:Henry Mayhew
622:
561:memorial in
539:Commonwealth
536:
523:Agnes Weston
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354:Biscuit Town
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293:ship biscuit
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202:Headquarters
138:Company type
107:
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81:
74:
67:
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43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
2271:Palmer Park
2215:Peek Freans
2089:Kraft Foods
2023:Cheese Nips
1602:Curly Wurly
1565:Cherry Ripe
1490:Wheat Thins
1450:Peek Freans
1425:Lorna Doone
1420:In a Biskit
1405:Easy Cheese
1400:Chips Ahoy!
1280:Peek Freans
1260:Jaffa Cakes
1235:Happy Faces
1193:Murat Ülker
912:19 November
713:Kraft Foods
701:RJR Nabisco
630:World War I
619:introduced.
563:Rotherhithe
559:World War I
492:Sands Films
340:Rothschilds
328:French Army
249:Peek Freans
124:Peek Freans
2324:Categories
2208:Associates
2079:JDE Peet's
2013:Black Jack
1890:Freshen Up
1607:Dairy Milk
1540:Brunch Bar
1530:Bournville
1460:Rice Thins
1410:Honey Maid
1250:Hula Hoops
1225:Crawford's
1195:(Chairman)
1186:Key people
761:References
544:shortbread
533:Innovation
527:Temperance
467:Camperdown
309:Bermondsey
257:Bermondsey
239:(Pakistan)
207:Bermondsey
186:1989-05-26
71:newspapers
2201:Companies
2104:Hershey's
1998:Aztec Bar
1938:Filipinos
1918:Bubu Lubu
1857:Toblerone
1821:Côte d'Or
1813:Chocolate
1798:Wunderbar
1758:Snowflake
1708:Mini Eggs
1703:Milk Tray
1697:Bassett's
1580:Creme Egg
1535:Bournvita
1475:Terrabusi
1270:McVitie's
1230:Filipinos
755:Tunnock's
572:Garibaldi
446:for both
370:out on a
324:Australia
2299:Category
2120:Category
1928:Dairylea
1923:Clif Bar
1773:Time Out
1723:Old Gold
1693:Maynards
1684:Mantecol
1597:Crunchie
1575:Clusters
1560:Chappies
1555:Caramilk
1485:Triscuit
1480:Trakinas
1275:Nik Naks
1114:Archived
1066:12 April
1014:Archived
976:BBC News
956:11 March
884:BBC News
734:See also
685:Bunnings
681:Ashfield
654:Pakistan
617:Twiglets
519:Boer War
515:Teetotal
424:chairman
313:Carlisle
231:Mondelez
148:Industry
2309:Commons
2241:Nabisco
2220:Jacob's
2046:Related
2018:Bonkers
2008:Beemans
2003:Baker's
1948:Kinh Do
1885:Clorets
1847:Marabou
1835:Lacta (
1763:Starbar
1733:Pascall
1718:Mr. Big
1627:Fingers
1622:Eclairs
1585:Twisted
1545:Buttons
1506:Cadbury
1455:Premium
1430:Newtons
1390:Belvita
1381:Nabisco
1309:Related
1300:Verkade
1285:Penguin
1265:McCoy's
1255:Jacob's
1240:Hobnobs
1092:26 June
1035:YouTube
982:13 July
693:Nabisco
671:Present
646:Jacob's
548:cookies
459:Dum Dum
416:Torquay
405:tin box
344:Ontario
267:History
253:biscuit
212:England
184: (
176:Defunct
166: (
158:Founded
85:scholar
2246:Danone
2234:Owners
2170:People
1958:Prince
1841:Greece
1837:Brazil
1778:Trebor
1738:Picnic
1674:Heroes
1637:Freddo
1520:Astros
1515:5 Star
1372:Brands
1215:Carr's
1203:Brands
841:
665:jingle
475:Canada
471:Sydney
348:Canada
317:Carr's
289:miller
261:London
142:Public
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
1970:Royal
1943:Halls
1880:Certs
1862:Twist
1852:Milka
1831:Freia
1803:Yowie
1793:Wispa
1783:Twirl
1753:Snack
1748:Shots
1743:Roses
1659:Fudge
1642:Fry's
1632:Flake
1617:Dream
1570:Chomp
1525:Boost
1435:Nilla
1290:Skips
687:store
463:India
218:Owner
92:JSTOR
78:books
1975:Tang
1933:Eden
1826:Daim
1713:Moro
1695:and
1664:Fuse
1465:Ritz
1445:Oreo
1295:Taxi
1220:Club
1094:2019
1068:2007
984:2021
958:2024
914:2012
892:2014
866:2014
839:ISBN
557:The
450:and
403:Old
291:and
227:(UK)
194:Fate
168:1857
161:1857
152:Food
64:news
1963:TUC
707:by
469:in
277:tea
47:by
2326::
1953:LU
1839:,
1084:.
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769:^
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188:)
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114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
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