1343:
184:
171:
162:
153:
841:. The following day more than 2,000 indigenous people from the region gathered at the border to assist with the entrance of the aid. The Venezuelan National Guard repressed demonstrations near Brazil, leaving at least four dead and about 20 injured. By the end of the conflict, National Assemblyman Romel Guzamana, a chieftain of the Pemon community in Gran Sabana, stated that at least 25 Pemon were killed. The National Assembly declared that 80 Pemons had disappeared since the massacre, in addition to the death toll claimed by Guzamana.
274:
120:
109:
1315:, leaving at least four dead and about 20 injured. A Venezuelan army post near Santa Elena de Uairén was attacked with molotov cocktails and stones. Aid trucks destined to travel from Brazil into Venezuela did not enter Venezuela and returned to their departure points. The Brazilian Army reported that Venezuelan authorities fired live ammunition at those attempting to accept aid and that tear gas from Venezuela was fired into the Brazilian border city of
715:
1243:
39:
141:
197:
1137:, and the harassment of local gangs, as well as high transport prices, lack of fuel and domestic gas and speculation of the medical supplies prices. After eight days of protest, Santa Elena de Uairén still lacked food, fuel and gas that was demanded by the demonstrators that closed the access. Opposition deputy Américo de Gracia declared that the indigenous people were victims of the indifference of the authorities.
131:
1220:. According to the locals, their purpose was to carry out a raid, but they ended up in the mines of the zone, something frequent also according to the locals, where they injured two Pemons of the Arekuna community. Another person was shot and killed by DGCIM officials, who were wearing plainclothes at the moment. Journalist Germán Dam denounced that the perpetrators moved in helicopters used by
1033:, confirmed that the recovered bodies were of four men and three women. He also posted a thread of tweets showing several bodies, including those with gunshot wounds showing how they had been killed and abandoned. As high as eighteen people were murdered, and six people were reported injured. Five survivors of the attack returned to their village to report the events.
1081:). The OVV explains that in this zone different forms of violence and crime concentrate, including the zones control by organized crime and kingpins, the violent response of military forces in the zone and recent presence of different guerilla groups. Besides the criminal activity of the armed irregular groups, there is also activity by security forces such as the
1001:, said that the remains of at least four of the disappeared miners were later found in the middle of the country and seemed to have been shot, but that they had no identification. Ortega Díaz reported late on the night of 14 March 2016 that the search efforts for the disappeared miners had concluded with the discovery of 17 bodies in total.
1157: El delito comenzó cuando no presentó su partida de nacimiento al postularse a la presidencia. El delito se cometió cuando se nombraron de manera irrita a los magistrados del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia. Cuando se convocó a una constituyente ilegal, irrita y fraudulenta, cuando se nombró al Fiscal General de la República ilegalmente
1085:(FAES), with actions and operations that violate human rights, demonstrated by the lack of rule of law in the territory. Lastly, the "privatization of violence", since the functions of the state are "being assumed in an arbitrary and private way by whichever of the armed groups that operate in the area. According to
1299:. According to them, eighty of their neighbors had to flee to Brazil to escape persecutation, a 5% of inhabitants in a population of 1 500. Following the crackdown, indigenous groups captured thirty-six soldiers, held them in the jungle and set fire to a military outpost of the Santa Elena de Uairén airport.
1110:(gang leaders) that not only try to control several mines, but also expel them from their territory, where gold exploitation makes harder the survival of the tribe. Since early 2018, the community started to protest against harsh life conditions, the murder of leaders allegedly committed by the Colombian
1144:
assured in a press conference on 12 December 2018 that there were armed groups that infiltrated in some indigenous communities in the area bordering with Brazil, that the illegal mining in the south of the country is in the hands of "ecocidal mafias", blaming the political opposition for the violence
844:
The vast wealth located in the Mining Arc makes indigenous lands prime real estate for both state-sanctioned and illegal mining operations, at the cost of widespread ecological damage and displacement of indigenous peoples living in conflict zones. A series of turf wars in the Gran Sabana between the
1472:
password, which was meant to be shared between
Indigenous tribes and soldiers in a local military base, had been changed without the notification of the Yanomami. The dispute grew deadly as security forces fired at the group, killing four Yanomami and wounding six more. Yanomami responded by holding
836:
blocked the entry of the military vehicles into the region and clashes between both groups followed suit. On 22 February, the day before the delivery was set, soldiers loyal to Maduro fired upon them, killing two and wounding fifteen, and the Pemon responded by capturing soldiers and setting fire to
1354:
as interim president. They did not find him, but as the only indigenous mayor in
Venezuela, he was stripped of his post, which was assigned to someone loyal to the Maduro regime. Then on February 27, the National Guard successfully recaptured the airport and arrested four indigenous leaders of the
1441:
and that for months suffered from gastrointestinal diseases related to the insalubrity of his penitentiary center, informing that he lost a lot of weight in his last months of life. There was a court order for his transfer to a health center since 21 November 2020, but ultimately it was ignored.
1413:
pistols and five shotguns. While they were escaping, they found a military checkpoint, where a shootout started, and they ran to the trails. Government forces pursued and engaged again, when former
National Guardsman Darwin Malaguera Ruiz was injured and detained. A soldier was killed during the
920:
On 24 February 2016 the "Arco Mining
Orinoco National Strategic Development Zone" was officially created, an area rich in mineral resources that Venezuela has been operating since 2017; It has 7,000 tons of reserves of gold, copper, diamond, coltan, iron, bauxite, and other minerals. The Orinoco
1302:
On 23 February, near the Brazil–Venezuela border, more than 2,000 indigenous people from Gran Sabana gathered to assist with the entrance of international aid. Venezuelan authorities issued a capture order of the mayor of Gran Sabana and of the Pemon chieftains, accusing them of rebellion. The
1331:, reactives nor oxygen, or operating rooms to intervene the patients", that the people died bleeding and the hospital personnel could not do anything to help them. Two ambulances carrying dead and wounded crossed the Brazil–Venezuela border and took them to the Roraima General Hospital, in
1366:, a chieftain of the Pemon community in Gran Sabana, stated that at least 25 Pemon were killed in what has been described as a "massacre" by Venezuelan troops. The National Assembly added that 80 Pemons had disappeared since the massacre, in addition to the death toll claimed by Guzamana.
778:
region in southeastern
Venezuela) and armed irregular groups. The Pemon nation is divided by the border between Venezuela and Brazil, resulting in Pemon refugees regularly crossing the border into Brazil for safety and medical care. The conflict is centred on disputes over mining in the
990:("Mole gang") arrived at the mine, allegedly with the aid and complicity of unidentified security forces, and may have dispersed hundreds of miners with an ambush, with dozens falling and dying in the stampede. The bodies were allegedly put in a truck and moved across the border into
882:
produced one of the most detailed accounts of the
Makushi in the 1940s, and her work is heavily relied upon for comparisons between historical and contemporary Makushi life. The Pemon were first encountered by westerners in the 18th century and converted by missionaries to
2315:
1326:
declared that fourteen people were killed and that many of them had gunshots wounds in their heads, indicating involvement of snipers. He further explained that "many have died due to lack of attention because the Santa Elena hospital did not have blood,
1385:
In the dawn of 22 December, a group of around twelve regular soldiers and 30 indigenous reservists, led by an Army deserter officer, captured the facilities of the 513 Mariano
Montilla Jungle Infantry Battalion, located in the Luepa sector, in the
887:. Their society is based on trade and considered egalitarian and decentralized, and in Venezuela, funding from petrodollars have helped fund community projects, and ecotourism opportunities are also being developed. In Venezuela, Pemon live in the
940:
have publicly expressed their concern at the non-compliance with environmental and sociocultural impact studies, the violation of rights to prior consultation with indigenous communities, cultural and natural heritage, and national sovereignty.
1769:
1708:
906:. In Brazil, Pemon live among other indigenous people near the borders of Venezuela and Guyana in villages within the Terras Indígenas São Marcos and Raposa Serra do Sol. There are 792 Pemon according to a 2014 estimate.
3024:
2890:
2617:
1224:, the state owned electricity corporation. As a response to the attack, the indigenous community detained, desarmed and beat up the two perpetrators of the raid, while they also closed the runway near the town.
1040:
was suspected of committing the massacre. Shortly after the events, towards the end of
October, armed violence broke out in Tumeremo, which de Grazia says began with the presence of government military forces.
2969:
1105:
According to the San
Antonio de Roscio indigenous community captain, Ana Mercedes Figueroa, the tribe has had to organize since 2015 to resist against the threats of mining groups and "syndicates" directed by
1369:
On 22 November, at least nine people were killed in a mine in Ikabarú, in Bolívar, including a teenager, a Pemon and a
National Guardsman. On 10 December, a group of around forty Russian soldiers arrived to
2003:
3095:
2782:
1405:
Journalist Román Camacho reported that according to police sources, ammunition and 112 rifles were obtained during the raid. The rebel military and Pemons later attacked a police station in
1092:
The Commission for Human Rights and Citizenship (Codehciu), an NGO located in the south of the country, documented that at least 26 people were reported missing in Bolívar's mining areas.
4018:
3280:
1114:
and the permanent harassment by organized crime groups that seek to control large territories where there is illegal mining and reportedly have direct relationships with state officials.
394:
1777:
1295:, denounced the lack of medicine and ambulances to transport the wounded. The injured were transferred to Brazil due to the shortage of medical supplies in the Venezuelan hospital of
1645:
1620:
1205:
in the Bolívar state, but that the executive branch imposed their candidate Justo Noguera, which the qualified as a crime. The video concluded with Delgado saying "go away Nicolás,
786:
On 24 February 2016 the "Arco Mining Orinoco National Strategic Development Zone" was officially created, a government sponsored mining project. Venezuelan scholars, the opposition
2754:
2346:
1712:
1594:
3482:
945:
795:
3849:
3607:
3067:
2215:
2243:
2168:
932:
The Academy of Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, the Venezuelan Society of Ecology, the Association of Archaeologists and Archaeologists of Venezuela (AAAV), the
2621:
2502:
3125:
1945:
802:, denounced that workers in the Orinoco Mining Arc had been subjected to serious abuse and violence. In March 2016, 28 miners were killed and kidnapped in the town of
2836:
2560:
2290:
810:
state, and between 14 and 16 October 2018, 16 miners at Los Candados mine were killed and 6 wounded in at least the third civilian massacre in Tumeremo since 2016.
4928:
2316:"ACUERDO PARA LA CREACIÓN DE UNA COMISIÓN ESPECIAL QUE INVESTIGUE LOS HECHOS IRREGULARES OCURRIDOS EN LAS ZONAS MINERAS DEL MUNICIPIO SIFONTES DEL ESTADO BOLÍVAR"
1892:
4838:
4003:
2426:
1546:
3265:
1917:
303:
2013:
2371:
1285:
1023:
1061:. One of the two factors that the OVV attributed the homicide rate was the mining activity of the municipalities that had the highest rates in the country:
3295:
2038:
1456:
In February 2021, the remaining twelve Pemon detained and accused of participating in the attack of the military outpost located in Bolívar were released.
354:
298:
1742:
1395:
743:
2670:
2589:
1213:
952:, denounced that workers in the Orinoco Mining Arc have been subjected to serious abuse and violence that have caused at least 149 deaths since 2016.
3047:
1863:
1356:
1005:, the Ombudsman, subsequently announced on 15 March 2016 that the remains of 17 miners found in a mass grave in Tumeremo were wounded by firearms.
3304:
1173:
364:
3751:
1492:
1233:
814:
558:
458:
2696:
3766:
3602:
3365:
3215:
3157:
517:
113:
2997:
2528:
986:, a poor area where, like most of the southeast of the country, the main economic activity is mining. According to anonymous witnesses, the
3967:
1652:
879:
478:
3667:
448:
3677:
3299:
359:
783:, a 112,000 km area of the Amazon Rainforest rich in gold, diamonds, coltan, and uranium, which are also home to the Pemon people.
4933:
4707:
4645:
3503:
4309:
794:
have publicly expressed their concern at the violation of rights of indigenous communities and its environmental impact. In 2020, the
3941:
3551:
3309:
473:
2891:"Las 'Cuadrillas de la Paz' del chavismo tomaron un pueblo por asalto y despojaron del cargo al único alcalde indígena de Venezuela"
1453:, condemned Franco's death, naming it as "another crime of the dictatorship" and gave his condolences to his relatives and friends.
1015:
Between 14 and 16 October 2018, 16 miners at Los Candados mine were killed and 6 wounded in at least the third civilian massacre in
3831:
3720:
3644:
3597:
3556:
3513:
3470:
2451:
2223:
991:
661:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
3736:
433:
4923:
4675:
3329:
3187:
1378:
plane landing on the runway that serves as the entry to the National Park. Locals assured that the soldiers wore uniforms of the
1169:
736:
2262:
4680:
3894:
3629:
3523:
3380:
2916:
583:
573:
568:
551:
527:
507:
2723:
2401:
1621:"Asamblea Nacional alerta sobre los efectos biológicos, psicológicos y sociales de la explotación del Arco Minero del Orinoco"
1521:
4013:
3682:
3577:
3434:
3408:
3245:
1350:
The next day, on 24 February, colectivos arrived in Gran Sabana Municipality looking to arrest the mayor, who had recognized
1165:
537:
522:
502:
438:
379:
2863:
1949:
1830:
1342:
4823:
2970:"Los rusos instalaron equipos y drones en Venezuela con ayuda de un jefe indígena y la complicidad de militares chavistas"
2476:
1133:
with the Venezuelan-Brazilian border, to protest against high food costs, lack of medicines to deal with diseases such as
4635:
3619:
3444:
2427:"¡EXTRAOFICIAL! Denuncian varios muertos tras nuevo enfrentamiento entre delincuentes y cuerpos de seguridad en Tumeremo"
1111:
1037:
135:
4781:
4685:
3614:
3413:
3385:
3250:
2810:
1202:
771:
729:
3177:
2671:"Venezuela: denuncian la muerte de dos personas en un enfrentamiento con soldados de Maduro en la frontera con Brasil"
2193:
1974:
1554:
3528:
3150:
3129:(Special Report - Political Repression against Inhabitants of Indigenous Communities in Bolía-Venezuela. July 2019),
2783:"'Nunca vi exército de outro país jogar bomba de gás no Brasil', diz coronel brasileiro sobre confronto na fronteira"
2104:
1258:
Humanitarian aid was stockpiled on the Brazilian border, with the intent to bring it into Venezuela. On 20 February,
369:
1390:. According to police information, after the assault to the battalion, the police received a call at around 4:58 am
4853:
4028:
3977:
3791:
3334:
3025:"El preso político indígena Salvador Franco murió por falta de atención médica en una cárcel del régimen de Maduro"
681:
483:
3998:
2755:"Base venezuela é atacada na fronteira com o Brasil; atos, discursos e mortes marcam o Dia D de ajuda humanitária"
838:
4733:
4692:
4617:
3290:
1446:
1433:, died on 3 January 2021 due to lack of medical attention. The indigenous people national coordinator of the NGO
1382:
and that they carried crates with microwave equipment, satellite antennas, signal inhibitors, and other devices.
4117:
3126:
Reporte Especial- Represión Política contra Habitantes de Comunidades Indígenas en Bolívar-Venezuela. Julio 2019
4655:
3869:
3715:
3349:
3192:
3182:
2942:
2320:
1579:
Decreto N° 2.248, mediante el cual se crea la Zona de Desarrollo Estratégico Nacional "Arco Minero del Orinoco"
1487:
1206:
978:
state. On the night of 4 March 2016, they were in the Atenas mine, on the border between the municipalities of
965:
933:
787:
468:
453:
4425:
4284:
1398:
officials, aimed at every active official, stripped them of their ordinance weapons (five pistols) and took a
1346:
Destruction in Santa Elena de Uairén after clashes between inhabitants and security forces on 23 February 2019
4887:
4798:
4761:
3672:
1009:
4918:
3143:
3786:
2347:"De Grazia recuerda "Masacre de Tumeremo": Hace 5 años el régimen negaba que 18 mineros fueron asesinados"
1429:, a Pemon arrested in December 2019 accused of having participated in the 22 December barracks assault in
4746:
4400:
4259:
4147:
3756:
3697:
3587:
3285:
3255:
656:
384:
349:
75:
4665:
4142:
4107:
2064:
Myers, Iris (1993). "The Makushi of the Guiana-Brazilian Frontier in 1944: A Study of Culture Contact".
1406:
1281:
4122:
3972:
3864:
3592:
3270:
3100:
3072:
2647:
1149:
people responded by publishing a video statement from Pemon chieftain Ricardo Delgado on social media:
686:
532:
512:
327:
4460:
2561:"Por comida, medicinas y contra el hostigamiento pemones cierran el paso hacia la frontera con Brasil"
1680:
1578:
1308:
1266:
825:
4833:
4697:
4560:
4349:
4035:
3776:
3741:
3314:
1262:
821:
337:
332:
322:
43:
4279:
4127:
4913:
4908:
4495:
4395:
4152:
4023:
4008:
3982:
3884:
3826:
3639:
3624:
3465:
1387:
666:
593:
588:
578:
563:
4555:
4244:
3806:
3801:
2169:"El Arco Minero del Orinoco: ambiente, rentismo y violencia al sur de Venezuela; por Carlos Egaña"
1646:"Pronunciamiento de la Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales sobre el Arco Minero"
1296:
1122:
4535:
4224:
3879:
3477:
3235:
3052:
2375:
1379:
1145:
in the zone, and denounced that the "indigenous people" who join them "destroy their community",
691:
4435:
3429:
1290:
1028:
4702:
4500:
4091:
3821:
3546:
3319:
1893:"Pemones quemaron puesto de control de la GNB en el Aeropuerto en Santa Elena de Uairén #22Feb"
1770:"Miedo, desolación y ningún rastro de mineros desaparecidos a 48 horas de protesta en Tumeremo"
1482:
1062:
961:
845:
armed forces, guerrillas, and organized crime groups, combined with the power struggle between
374:
3811:
3687:
2130:
4858:
4717:
4550:
4319:
3582:
3274:
3225:
1918:"Indígenas venezolanos intentan llegar a frontera con Brasil para presionar ingreso de ayuda"
1371:
1323:
1304:
1217:
1198:
1082:
1074:
979:
903:
342:
288:
124:
3572:
3260:
2618:"Incursión del Dgcim en Canaima dejó un indígena fallecido y tres heridos (+Fotos y videos)"
1804:
4863:
4791:
4640:
4630:
4249:
4112:
3796:
3692:
3518:
1237:
1089:(Victims' Monitor), as of 2018, 107 were killed in twelve massacres in Bolívar since 2016.
676:
144:
4880:
4415:
4269:
998:
878:/Makushi (Macuxi or Makuxi in Brazil). While ethnographic data on these groups are scant,
8:
4786:
3957:
3936:
3874:
3220:
3166:
1312:
1066:
983:
763:
701:
265:
30:
4843:
4585:
4530:
4324:
4299:
4214:
4184:
3962:
3920:
3771:
3761:
3634:
3339:
2004:"Confirman 25 muertos en Santa Elena de Uairén y denuncian uso de presos para reprimir"
1497:
1332:
1177:
1002:
915:
780:
696:
463:
389:
4570:
4545:
4304:
4254:
4209:
4070:
1430:
1280:
On 22 February, members of armed forces loyal to Maduro fired upon the inhabitants of
1050:
975:
807:
71:
4515:
4505:
4440:
4199:
2248:
2100:
1391:
1361:
1328:
949:
867:
799:
766:. The conflict is centered around mining disputes between the Maduro government, the
4480:
4179:
3710:
1743:"Arco Minero del Orinoco vulnera fuentes vitales y diversidad cultural en Venezuela"
1709:"AN niega autorización constitucional al Ejecutivo para explotación del Arco Minero"
1595:"Arco Minero sigue sin estudios de impacto socioambiental a dos años de su creación"
1394:
from officer Franco Efrain to notify that heavily armed individuals, feigning to be
1141:
994:. Some said that parts of the victims were dismembered to intimidate the survivors.
846:
218:
4194:
4189:
3662:
2998:"Militares y pemones se sublevan y toman instalaciones militares en la Gran Sabana"
2642:
2144:
2092:
1399:
922:
719:
671:
4590:
4450:
1864:"FAN tiroteó a indígenas pemón en la Gran Sabana: Dos asesinados y quince heridos"
4520:
4490:
4485:
4475:
4132:
4075:
4062:
3859:
3781:
3508:
3498:
3324:
3068:"Excarcelados doce indígenas pemones acusados de atacar a militares en Venezuela"
2267:
2096:
1618:
1426:
1058:
428:
273:
4445:
4359:
4771:
4540:
4525:
4510:
4470:
4369:
4239:
4234:
3370:
1335:, where medic records documented that everyone had gunshots wounds. US senator
1130:
875:
4390:
4334:
1351:
1053:
as the third state with the highest homicide rate, out of 23 states and after
850:
4902:
4828:
4756:
4712:
4364:
4344:
4339:
4314:
4137:
3403:
3230:
3096:"Four Indigenous people killed in 'clash' with Venezuelan military over WiFi"
3048:"Foro Penal: Falleció en El Rodeo II el preso político pemón Salvador Franco"
2946:
2529:"ONG denuncia 26 personas desaparecidas en las minas de Bolívar durante 2021"
1121:
indigenous community blocked, in the kilometer 67, the access to the road to
1049:
In its 2018 report, the Venezuelan Violence Observatory (OVV) classifies the
4229:
2085:"Cassava and the Makushi: A Shared History of Resiliency and Transformation"
1216:(DGCIM) officials arrived on the morning to the Campo Carrao sector, in the
4803:
4751:
4575:
4410:
4219:
3915:
3816:
3702:
3375:
1450:
926:
884:
4580:
3746:
2643:"As tensions over aid rise, Venezuelan troops fire on villagers, kill two"
2376:"2/5 Estos fueron 2 de los mineros ultimados por el ELN en "Los Candados""
2263:"Hallan 17 cuerpos presuntamente de 28 mineros desaparecidos en Venezuela"
4465:
4455:
4329:
3854:
2697:"Kumarakapay: las huellas de una masacre contra un pueblo en resistencia"
2291:"Saab informó que cuerpos encontrados en Tumeremo tenían heridas de bala"
1375:
1336:
1270:
1259:
1247:
895:
888:
829:
818:
775:
47:
4374:
2194:"Todo lo que debes saber sobre el Arco Minero del Orinoco (+Infografía)"
1547:"Todo lo que debes saber sobre el Arco Minero del Orinoco (+Infografía)"
1164: The crime started when you did not present your birth certificate
871:
4294:
3130:
2917:"Guardia Nacional del régimen toma aeropuerto de Santa Elena de Uairén"
2503:"107 personas han sido asesinadas en 12 masacres en Bolívar desde 2016"
1975:"Venezuela: at least four dead and hundreds injured in border standoff"
1681:"Carta al Presidente de la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos"
1434:
899:
817:
and after supplies were stockpiled on the Brazilian border, Venezuelan
443:
3135:
1303:
Venezuelan National Guard repressed demonstrations near Brazil, while
4766:
3889:
3460:
3094:
Post, Ana Vanessa Herrero Special To The Washington (31 March 2022).
2787:
2759:
2533:
1316:
1221:
1070:
891:
423:
183:
170:
161:
152:
119:
108:
79:
2837:"Dos ambulancias cruzan de Venezuela a Brasil con muertos y heridos"
1946:"Colectivos armados causan terror en San Antonio del Táchira (Foto)"
1522:"Venezuela's mining arc: a legal veneer for armed groups to plunder"
4738:
3240:
2701:
2084:
2039:"El Parlamento venezolano denuncia la desaparición de 80 indígenas"
1465:
1438:
1277:
people blocked the entry of the military vehicles into the region.
1242:
1078:
1016:
971:
925:, 12,2 % of the Venezuelan territory and doubling that of the
803:
293:
140:
38:
2590:"Pemones responden a Maduro: Fuera de aquí porque eres colombiano"
1619:
Con información de nota de prensa, Ariana Revollo (22 June 2018).
970:
In March 2016, 28 miners were killed and kidnapped in the town of
4848:
4660:
3029:
2973:
2380:
1187:
1178:
when the Attorney General of the Republic was appointed illegally
1134:
3439:
2724:"Ordenan captura del alcalde de Gran Sabana y caciques pemones"
1415:
1284:
with live ammunition, killing two and wounding fifteen. Deputy
1126:
1054:
937:
791:
418:
202:
2864:"Rubio: agentes de Cuba dirigen represión en Ureña, Venezuela"
1473:
two soldiers hostage, both of which were eventually released.
4776:
2594:
2008:
1469:
1274:
1251:
1174:
When an illegal, null and fraudulent constituent was summoned
1146:
1118:
833:
767:
176:
2811:"Al menos 14 muertos en la frontera de Venezuela con Brasil"
1711:. Correo del Caroní. Prensa AN. 15 June 2016. Archived from
4622:
2477:"Cinco muertos dejó masacre en la Gran Sabana este viernes"
2216:"Hallaron restos de los mineros desaparecidos en Venezuela"
1410:
1355:
uprising. By the end of the conflict, National Assemblyman
2452:"Denuncian enfrentamiento armado en la ciudad de Tumeremo"
1339:
declared that Cuban agents directed repression in Ureña.
2244:"Hallan restos de 28 mineros desaparecidos en Venezuela"
1012:
created a Special Commission to investigate the events.
4004:
Law against Fascism, Neofascism and Similar Expressions
2402:"Mining Massacre Signals ELN Expansion Into Venezuela"
870:
family, and include six groups including the Arekuna,
1831:"Tanquetas militares llegan a Santa Elena de Uairén"
762:
is an ongoing conflict which is a part of the wider
2196:(in European Spanish). Desde la Plaza. 18 June 2016
1553:(in European Spanish). 18 June 2016. Archived from
1418:rifles, 60 grenades and six 7.76 ammunition boxes.
1396:
Directorate General of Military Counterintelligence
1214:
Directorate General of Military Counterintelligence
1468:approached security forces saying that the area's
1414:shootout, and the government forces recovered 82
946:United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
894:plateau dotted with tabletop mountains where the
796:United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
4900:
4929:Genocide of indigenous peoples of South America
1969:
1967:
1592:
1044:
208:Venezuelan and Brazilian organized crime groups
2012:(in Spanish). 24 February 2019. Archived from
1493:2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela
1234:2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela
898:, the world's highest waterfall, plunges from
815:2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela
459:2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela
3767:Statute Governing the Transition to Democracy
3483:Defense of Human Rights and Civil Society Act
3151:
2943:"Ikabarú: lo que debe saber sobre la masacre"
1799:
1797:
1795:
921:Mining Arc covers an area of 111 843,70
737:
1964:
1948:. EP Mundo. 23 February 2019. Archived from
479:2023 Unitary Platform presidential primaries
3000:(in Spanish). El Estímulo. 22 December 2019
2791:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 23 February 2019
2763:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 23 February 2019
1593:Ramírez Cabello, María (23 February 2018).
449:2018 re-election campaign of Nicolás Maduro
4839:International Criminal Court investigation
4708:Local Committees for Supply and Production
3158:
3144:
2145:"Taurepang - Indigenous Peoples in Brazil"
1792:
1172:justices were appointed in a null manner.
744:
730:
37:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1740:
2968:Barráez, Sebastiana (16 December 2019).
1890:
1828:
1805:"New massacre in Venezuela's Mining Arc"
1341:
1241:
238:Several soldiers and colectivos wounded
3968:Unitary Platform presidential primaries
3668:Presidential campaign of Nicolás Maduro
3165:
2967:
2888:
2862:Nora, Gámez Torres (23 February 2019).
2082:
4901:
3266:Economic policies under Nicolás Maduro
3042:
3040:
3019:
3017:
3015:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2033:
2031:
1998:
1996:
1940:
1938:
1912:
1910:
1886:
1884:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1824:
1822:
1757:
3850:National Assembly leadership election
3504:Colombian diplomatic/migration crisis
3261:Devaluation of the Venezuelan bolívar
3139:
2992:
2990:
2889:Barráez, Sebastiana (23 April 2019).
2584:
2582:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2500:
2370:
2341:
2339:
2063:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1515:
1513:
1197:Delgado also declared that candidate
955:
909:
853:, have created the ongoing conflict.
439:2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis
166:Rebels of the 513 Infantry Battalion
4824:Enforced disappearances in Venezuela
4623:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas
3093:
2861:
1862:Molina, Hernan Porras (2019-02-22).
1703:
1701:
1675:
1673:
1640:
1638:
1614:
1612:
1588:
1586:
1574:
1572:
1519:
1151:
1022:An opposition deputy for the state,
874:, Kamarakoto, Tualipang, Mapoyo and
304:Economic policy under Nicolás Maduro
4636:United Socialist Party of Venezuela
3188:History of Venezuela (1999–present)
3037:
3012:
2742:
2635:
2161:
2113:
2028:
1993:
1935:
1907:
1891:Escalona, José (22 February 2019).
1881:
1848:
1819:
1250:were deployed in Gran Sabana, near
1168:. The crime was committed when the
13:
3386:III National Assembly of Venezuela
3305:Interventions of political parties
2987:
2579:
2548:
2394:
2336:
2089:Food and Identity in the Caribbean
1727:
1510:
1117:On 8 October 2018, members of the
518:2017 Constituent Assembly election
365:Interventions of political parties
14:
4945:
4934:Ethnic cleansing in South America
3529:IV National Assembly of Venezuela
3118:
1745:(in Spanish). La Izquierda Diario
1698:
1670:
1635:
1609:
1583:
1569:
1095:
866:The Pemon are part of the larger
380:Venezuela–Colombia migrant crisis
299:Economic policy under Hugo Chávez
4854:Political prisoners in Venezuela
3899:V National Assembly of Venezuela
3335:States of emergency in Venezuela
992:territory administered by Guyana
713:
484:2024 Venezuelan political crisis
272:
195:
182:
169:
160:
151:
139:
129:
118:
114:National Bolivarian Armed Forces
107:
4734:Organization of American States
4693:Bolivarian Intelligence Service
4618:Union of South American Nations
3178:Protests against Nicolás Maduro
3087:
3060:
2961:
2935:
2909:
2882:
2855:
2829:
2803:
2775:
2716:
2689:
2663:
2610:
2521:
2494:
2469:
2444:
2419:
2364:
2308:
2283:
2255:
2237:
2208:
2186:
2137:
2076:
2057:
1447:Organization of American States
861:
4924:Political history of Venezuela
4656:Agencia Venezolana de Noticias
3802:Death of Rafael Acosta Arévalo
3737:Inauguration of Nicolás Maduro
3183:Venezuelan presidential crisis
2923:(in Spanish). 27 February 2019
2843:(in Spanish). 23 February 2019
2817:(in Spanish). 24 February 2019
2730:(in Spanish). 23 February 2019
2677:(in Spanish). 22 February 2019
2598:(in Spanish). 13 December 2018
2321:National Assembly of Venezuela
1924:(in Spanish). 23 February 2019
1651:. October 2016. Archived from
1539:
1488:October 2018 Tumeremo massacre
1464:On March 20, 2022, a group of
1129:, the only road that connects
1038:National Liberation Army (ELN)
966:October 2018 Tumeremo massacre
934:National Assembly of Venezuela
454:Venezuelan presidential crisis
188:Pemon and civil demonstrators
1:
4888:Bolivarian Revolution in film
4686:Constituent National Assembly
3999:Detention of Rocío San Miguel
3630:Death of Carlos Andrés García
3603:Constituent Assembly election
2567:(in Spanish). 10 October 2018
1503:
856:
839:Santa Elena de Uairén airport
662:2017 National Assembly attack
4799:National Assembly (majority)
3812:Death of Juan Carlos Márquez
3787:Disappearance of Gilber Caro
3782:Detention of Roberto Marrero
3499:Detention of Antonio Ledezma
2620:. 2018-12-09. Archived from
2222:. 2019-04-17. Archived from
2097:10.5040/9781350042162.ch-001
1776:(in Spanish). Archived from
1741:Cano Franquiz, María Laura.
1045:Violence and mining activity
44:Bolivarian Army of Venezuela
7:
4747:Democratic Unity Roundtable
4676:Supreme Tribunal of Justice
4646:People's Electoral Movement
3698:Detention of Juan Requesens
3588:Caracas helicopter incident
3478:Detention of Leopoldo López
3366:Colombian diplomatic crisis
3315:Refugee crisis and diaspora
1476:
1170:Supreme Tribunal of Justice
657:Caracas helicopter incident
528:2020 parliamentary election
508:2015 parliamentary election
10:
4950:
4681:National Electoral Council
3552:Recall referendum movement
3101:New Hampshire Union Leader
2648:Thomson Reuters Foundation
2324:(in Spanish). 8 March 2016
2124:See pp.112,113 and 178 of
2045:(in Spanish). 9 April 2019
1520:Ebus, Bram (8 June 2019).
1263:armoured fighting vehicles
1231:
1166:when running for president
959:
913:
837:a military outpost of the
822:armoured fighting vehicles
687:2020 Barquisimeto shooting
538:2024 presidential election
523:2018 presidential election
503:2013 presidential election
4872:
4834:Human rights in Venezuela
4816:
4726:
4698:Bolivarian National Guard
4610:
4603:
4383:
4172:
4165:
4100:
4084:
4055:
4048:
3991:
3950:
3942:Recall referendum project
3929:
3908:
3842:
3792:30 April uprising attempt
3742:Venezuela TPS Act of 2019
3729:
3716:Tumeremo massacre (third)
3655:
3565:
3547:Tumeremo massacre (first)
3539:
3491:
3453:
3422:
3396:
3358:
3330:State-sponsored terrorism
3208:
3201:
3173:
1437:declared that Franco had
1409:, where they seized nine
1207:because you are Colombian
429:Arrest of Antonio Ledezma
251:1 rebel soldier captured
230:
212:
100:
54:
36:
28:
23:
4782:Movimiento al Socialismo
4666:Venezolana de Televisión
4009:Bulla Loca mine disaster
3752:Humanitarian aid mission
3721:2018 protests (timeline)
3711:Murder of Fernando Albán
3678:Panama diplomatic crisis
3625:Attack on Fort Paramacay
3598:National Assembly attack
3573:Detention of Gilber Caro
3557:2016 protests (timeline)
3514:2015 protests (timeline)
3076:(in Spanish). 2021-02-14
2705:(in Spanish). 2020-03-05
2537:(in Spanish). 2022-02-17
2458:(in Spanish). 2018-10-27
2433:(in Spanish). 2018-10-27
2353:(in Spanish). 2021-03-05
2297:(in Spanish). 2016-03-16
1895:(in Spanish). El Impulso
1407:San Francisco de Yuruaní
1388:Gran Sabana municipality
1267:Armored Cavalry Squadron
1186:—Ricardo Delgado, Pemon
1112:National Liberation Army
997:The Prosecutor General,
826:Armored Cavalry Squadron
667:Attack on Fort Paramacay
4019:international reactions
3978:Guyana–Venezuela crisis
3772:Murder of Alí Domínguez
3371:Death of Franklin Brito
3296:International sanctions
3246:Crimes against humanity
2565:Transparencia Venezuela
2481:Transparencia Venezuela
1829:Krystian (2019-02-20).
1459:
1421:
1380:Venezuelan Armed Forces
1309:San Antonio del Táchira
1307:attacked protesters in
1273:. Groups of indigenous
1269:were seen entering the
1227:
1203:2017 regional elections
1100:
692:Operation Gideon (2020)
355:International sanctions
249:+100 civilians wounded
245:1 rebel soldier killed
157:Pemon territorial guard
4703:Mission Barrio Adentro
4049:Deaths during protests
3895:Parliamentary election
3890:Detention of Alex Saab
3817:Murder of Edmundo Rada
3524:Parliamentary election
3381:Parliamentary election
2149:pib.socioambiental.org
2083:Schacht, Ryan (2013).
1623:. FM center es noticia
1483:2016 Tumeremo massacre
1347:
1255:
1162:
1155:
962:2016 Tumeremo massacre
213:Commanders and leaders
4859:Revolving door effect
4014:Presidential election
3865:Barquisimeto shooting
3807:Attack of Rufo Chacón
3703:Economic reforms and
3683:Presidential election
3583:Mother of All Marches
3578:Constitutional crisis
3435:Presidential election
3409:Presidential election
3275:Zulia energy collapse
3226:Bolivarian Revolution
1345:
1297:Santa Elena de Uairén
1245:
1218:Canaima National Park
1123:Santa Elena de Uairén
1083:Special Action Forces
904:Canaima National Park
682:2019 uprising attempt
343:Zulia energy collapse
289:Bolivarian Revolution
240:+50 soldiers captured
231:Casualties and losses
16:Conflict in Venezuela
4864:Torture in Venezuela
4792:Agreement for Change
4672:State organizations
4631:Great Patriotic Pole
4436:María Corina Machado
4113:Juan Pablo Pernalete
4036:Widespread blackouts
3855:Death of Addy Valero
3797:Acarigua prison riot
3777:Widespread blackouts
3693:Caracas drone attack
3519:Narcosobrinos affair
3430:Death of Hugo Chávez
3350:Coronavirus pandemic
2126:Venezuela: the Pemon
1238:Kumarakapay massacre
720:Venezuela portal
677:Caracas drone attack
474:2022 recall movement
434:2016 recall movement
395:Xenophobic incidents
4919:Crisis in Venezuela
4787:Progressive Advance
4713:Carnet de la Patria
3983:El Palito oil spill
3958:Anti-Solidarity Law
3885:El Palito oil spill
3875:Guanare prison riot
3688:El Paraíso stampede
3620:Municipal elections
3445:Municipal elections
3281:Human rights abuses
3221:Bolivarian missions
3167:Crisis in Venezuela
2624:on 25 February 2020
2507:Monitor de Víctimas
2131:Condé Nast Traveler
2043:Diario Las Americas
2016:on 25 February 2019
1868:Entorno Inteligente
1597:. Correo del Caroní
1449:Secretary General,
1087:Monitor de Víctimas
764:Crisis in Venezuela
702:2022 Arauca clashes
266:Crisis in Venezuela
31:Crisis in Venezuela
4873:In popular culture
4844:Orinoco Mining Arc
4743:Political parties
4627:Political parties
4401:C. Alcalá Cordones
4260:C. Alcalá Cordones
3963:Barbados Agreement
3762:Venezuela Aid Live
3635:Law against Hatred
3615:Regional elections
3414:Regional elections
3340:Catatumbo campaign
3320:Resource shortages
3291:Illegal drug trade
2949:. 26 November 2019
2651:. 22 February 2019
2483:. 23 November 2019
2372:de Grazia, Américo
1981:. 23 February 2019
1498:Orinoco Mining Arc
1348:
1271:Gran Sabana region
1256:
1003:Tarek William Saab
956:Tumeremo massacres
916:Orinoco Mining Arc
910:Orinoco Mining Arc
830:Gran Sabana region
781:Orinoco Mining Arc
697:2021 Apure clashes
464:Venezuela Aid Live
390:Catatumbo campaign
223:Indigenous leaders
4896:
4895:
4812:
4811:
4762:Democratic Action
4599:
4598:
4161:
4160:
4118:Armando Cañizales
4044:
4043:
3870:COVID-19 pandemic
3822:Operación Alacrán
3193:COVID-19 pandemic
3033:. 3 January 2021.
2351:Noticiero Digital
2249:La Voz de Galicia
2246:, 14 March 2016,
1774:Correo del Caroní
1715:on 10 August 2018
1686:. 2 December 2016
1658:on 10 August 2018
1286:Américo de Grazia
1195:
1194:
1024:Américo de Grazia
1010:National Assembly
999:Luisa Ortega Díaz
950:Michelle Bachelet
800:Michelle Bachelet
788:National Assembly
774:that live in the
772:indigenous people
754:
753:
469:COVID-19 pandemic
260:
259:
243:53 Pemons killed
236:1 soldier killed
179:and civil rebels
96:
95:
62:Late 2016—ongoing
4941:
4608:
4607:
4280:V. Padrino López
4250:C. Mata Figueroa
4245:N. Maduro Guerra
4204:arrested in 2024
4170:
4169:
4148:David Vallenilla
4053:
4052:
4029:political crisis
3880:Operation Gideon
3663:El Junquito raid
3325:State protectors
3206:
3205:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3137:
3136:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3044:
3035:
3034:
3021:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2994:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2751:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2586:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2557:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2343:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2259:
2253:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2226:on 17 April 2019
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2141:
2135:
2134:, December 2008.
2122:
2111:
2110:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2035:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2000:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1971:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1942:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1914:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1859:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1826:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1801:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1766:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1738:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1705:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1685:
1677:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1657:
1650:
1642:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1616:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1590:
1581:
1576:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1517:
1400:bulletproof vest
1374:, Bolívar, on a
1365:
1324:Andrés Velásquez
1322:Former governor
1294:
1199:Andrés Velásquez
1152:
1140:After President
1032:
868:Cariban language
746:
739:
732:
718:
717:
716:
672:El Junquito raid
276:
262:
261:
201:
199:
198:
187:
186:
174:
173:
165:
164:
156:
155:
143:
134:
133:
132:
123:
122:
112:
111:
76:Amazonas (state)
56:
55:
41:
21:
20:
4949:
4948:
4944:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4914:2020s conflicts
4909:2010s conflicts
4899:
4898:
4897:
4892:
4868:
4808:
4767:Un Nuevo Tiempo
4722:
4595:
4379:
4300:H. Rangel Silva
4157:
4133:Orlando Figuera
4123:Miguel Castillo
4096:
4080:
4076:Geraldin Moreno
4071:Génesis Carmona
4063:Bassil Da Costa
4040:
3987:
3946:
3925:
3904:
3838:
3725:
3651:
3561:
3535:
3509:Resolution 8610
3487:
3449:
3418:
3392:
3354:
3216:Economic crisis
3197:
3169:
3164:
3121:
3116:
3115:
3106:
3104:
3092:
3088:
3079:
3077:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3046:
3045:
3038:
3023:
3022:
3013:
3003:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2988:
2978:
2976:
2966:
2962:
2952:
2950:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2924:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2887:
2883:
2873:
2871:
2868:El Nuevo Herald
2860:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2820:
2818:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2794:
2792:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2753:
2752:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2708:
2706:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2680:
2678:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2654:
2652:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2627:
2625:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2601:
2599:
2588:
2587:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2559:
2558:
2549:
2540:
2538:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2501:D'Hoy, Carlos.
2499:
2495:
2486:
2484:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2461:
2459:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2436:
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2271:. 15 March 2016
2268:El Nuevo Herald
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2107:
2081:
2077:
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2046:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2019:
2017:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1984:
1982:
1973:
1972:
1965:
1955:
1953:
1952:on 6 March 2019
1944:
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1936:
1927:
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1908:
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1780:on 8 March 2016
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1511:
1506:
1479:
1462:
1427:Salvador Franco
1424:
1359:
1329:saline solution
1288:
1240:
1232:Main articles:
1230:
1212:On 8 December,
1181:
1159:
1103:
1098:
1047:
1026:
968:
960:Main articles:
958:
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706:
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644:
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533:2023 referendum
513:2017 referendum
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318:
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284:
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72:Bolívar (state)
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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4772:Come Venezuela
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4652:Media outlets
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4426:Rafael Ramírez
4423:
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4416:L. Ortega Díaz
4413:
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4393:
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4270:L. Ortega Díaz
4267:
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4232:
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4207:
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4180:Nicolás Maduro
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3948:
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3937:Arauca clashes
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3347:
3345:Pemon conflict
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3300:U.S. sanctions
3293:
3288:
3286:Hyperinflation
3283:
3278:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
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3174:
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3170:
3163:
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3148:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3120:
3119:External links
3117:
3114:
3113:
3086:
3059:
3036:
3011:
2986:
2972:(in Spanish).
2960:
2945:(in Spanish).
2934:
2908:
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2688:
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2112:
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2027:
1992:
1963:
1934:
1906:
1880:
1847:
1818:
1807:. Oct 18, 2018
1791:
1756:
1726:
1697:
1669:
1634:
1608:
1582:
1568:
1557:on 6 June 2017
1551:Desde la Plaza
1538:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1478:
1475:
1461:
1458:
1423:
1420:
1357:Romel Guzamana
1229:
1226:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1183:
1182:
1160:
1142:Nicolás Maduro
1102:
1099:
1097:
1096:Pemon conflict
1094:
1046:
1043:
988:Banda del Topo
957:
954:
914:Main article:
911:
908:
863:
860:
858:
855:
847:Nicolás Maduro
760:Pemon conflict
752:
751:
749:
748:
741:
734:
726:
723:
722:
709:
708:
705:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
653:
651:Armed violence
650:
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645:
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456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
415:
412:
411:
408:
407:
403:
402:
400:Pemon conflict
397:
392:
387:
385:Hyperinflation
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
360:U.S. sanctions
357:
352:
347:
346:
345:
340:
338:2024 blackouts
335:
333:2019 blackouts
325:
323:Refugee crisis
319:
316:
315:
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311:
307:
306:
301:
296:
291:
285:
282:
281:
278:
277:
269:
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258:
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241:
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219:Nicolás Maduro
215:
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147:
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102:
98:
97:
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93:
88:
84:
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70:
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52:
51:
50:, a Pemón area
34:
33:
26:
25:
24:Pemon conflict
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
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4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4829:Guaire miners
4827:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4815:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4757:Justice First
4755:
4753:
4750:
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4744:
4742:
4740:
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4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
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4616:
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4613:
4609:
4606:
4604:Organizations
4602:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4586:J. P. Guanipa
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4561:M. C. Figuera
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4536:V. S. Scarano
4534:
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4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
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4499:
4497:
4496:Pérez Álvarez
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
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4366:
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4353:
4352:
4351:
4350:M. C. Figuera
4348:
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4338:
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4321:
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4200:T. El Aissami
4198:
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4188:
4186:
4183:
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4178:
4177:
4175:
4171:
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4154:
4153:Xiomara Scott
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4143:Fabián Urbina
4141:
4139:
4138:Neomar Lander
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4108:Paola Ramírez
4106:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:Robert Redman
4066:
4064:
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4037:
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4027:
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4012:
4010:
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4000:
3997:
3996:
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3990:
3984:
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3955:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3922:
3921:Apure clashes
3919:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
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3856:
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3851:
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3841:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3827:2019 protests
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
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3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3673:Valencia fire
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3640:2017 protests
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3606:
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3520:
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3515:
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3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3466:2014 protests
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3404:Amuay tragedy
3402:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
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3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
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3321:
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3313:
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3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3271:Energy crisis
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3257:
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3231:Bolivarianism
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3056:. 2021-01-03.
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2106:9781350042162
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2066:Antropologica
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2044:
2040:
2034:
2032:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1997:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1939:
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1911:
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1051:Bolívar state
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4879:
4804:Capitolio TV
4752:Popular Will
4581:J. J. Rendón
4571:D. Solórzano
4551:A. Velásquez
4546:J. Torrealba
4531:H. Salas Feo
4516:R. Requesens
4511:J. Requesens
4320:I. Rodríguez
4310:J. Rodríguez
4305:D. Rodríguez
4092:Kluivert Roa
3916:La Vega raid
3705:Viernes Rojo
3704:
3376:PDVAL affair
3344:
3310:Negotiations
3124:
3105:. Retrieved
3099:
3089:
3078:. Retrieved
3073:Europa Press
3071:
3062:
3051:
3028:
3002:. Retrieved
2977:. Retrieved
2963:
2951:. Retrieved
2937:
2925:. Retrieved
2920:
2911:
2899:. Retrieved
2897:(in Spanish)
2894:
2884:
2872:. Retrieved
2870:(in Spanish)
2867:
2857:
2845:. Retrieved
2840:
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2819:. Retrieved
2814:
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2646:
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2626:. Retrieved
2622:the original
2612:
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2593:
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2564:
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2532:
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2511:. Retrieved
2509:(in Spanish)
2506:
2496:
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2480:
2471:
2460:. Retrieved
2456:El Universal
2455:
2446:
2435:. Retrieved
2430:
2421:
2410:. Retrieved
2408:. 2018-10-19
2405:
2396:
2385:. Retrieved
2379:
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2350:
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2224:the original
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2042:
2018:. Retrieved
2014:the original
2007:
1983:. Retrieved
1979:The Guardian
1978:
1954:. Retrieved
1950:the original
1926:. Retrieved
1921:
1897:. Retrieved
1872:. Retrieved
1870:(in Spanish)
1867:
1839:. Retrieved
1837:(in Spanish)
1834:
1809:. Retrieved
1782:. Retrieved
1778:the original
1773:
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1717:. Retrieved
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1688:. Retrieved
1660:. Retrieved
1653:the original
1625:. Retrieved
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1559:. Retrieved
1555:the original
1550:
1541:
1529:. Retrieved
1526:The Guardian
1525:
1463:
1455:
1451:Luis Almagro
1444:
1425:
1404:
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1368:
1349:
1321:
1301:
1279:
1257:
1248:Dragoon 300s
1211:
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1163:
1156:
1139:
1131:Puerto Ordaz
1116:
1107:
1104:
1091:
1086:
1048:
1035:
1021:
1019:since 2016.
1014:
1007:
996:
987:
969:
943:
936:and the NGO
931:
927:Orinoco Belt
919:
885:Christianity
865:
862:Pemon people
843:
828:entered the
812:
790:and the NGO
785:
759:
757:
399:
253:+57 arrested
205:(until 2023)
190:
149:
101:Belligerents
90:
29:Part of the
4727:Anti-Maduro
4556:J. L. Silva
4506:Ramos Allup
4501:Pérez Vivas
4441:H. Capriles
4396:Óscar Pérez
4391:Juan Guaidó
4384:Anti-Maduro
4255:C. Meléndez
4185:F. Ameliach
4128:Paúl Moreno
3757:Amnesty Law
3053:El Nacional
3004:23 December
2979:23 December
2953:23 December
2795:24 February
2767:23 February
2681:22 February
2655:23 February
2602:27 November
2571:27 November
2513:26 November
2020:24 February
1985:24 February
1899:23 December
1376:Shaanxi Y-8
1360: [
1352:Juan Guaidó
1337:Marco Rubio
1289: [
1282:Kumarakapay
1260:Dragoon 300
1246:Venezuelan
1027: [
896:Angel Falls
889:Gran Sabana
851:Juan Guaidó
819:Dragoon 300
813:During the
776:Gran Sabana
48:Gran Sabana
4903:Categories
4718:Colectivos
4611:Pro-Maduro
4591:T. Guanipa
4576:O. Barboza
4565:since 2019
4541:L. Tintori
4526:M. Rosales
4521:F. Rosales
4476:A. Ledezma
4471:F. Guevara
4430:since 2018
4420:since 2017
4405:since 2013
4370:I. Alfonzo
4354:until 2019
4340:E. Amoroso
4325:T. W. Saab
4315:J. Arreaza
4289:until 2018
4285:R. Ramírez
4274:until 2017
4264:until 2013
4240:I. Alfonzo
4225:A. Istúriz
4215:T. W. Saab
4210:H. Escarrá
4190:D. Cabello
4173:Pro-Maduro
3973:Referendum
3860:Cagua fire
3593:Referendum
3256:Defections
3251:Corruption
3236:Censorship
3131:Foro Penal
3107:2022-03-31
3080:2021-08-01
2927:14 October
2921:EVTV Miami
2901:14 October
2709:2021-06-18
2628:2021-07-03
2541:2022-02-18
2487:2019-11-26
2462:2018-11-05
2437:2021-03-31
2412:2018-11-04
2387:2018-11-04
2357:2021-03-31
2301:2021-07-18
2230:2021-07-03
2173:Prodavinci
2154:2021-03-03
2049:14 October
1928:2021-07-18
1874:2021-07-18
1841:2021-07-18
1835:Descifrado
1531:14 October
1504:References
1435:Foro Penal
1305:colectivos
900:Auyantepui
880:Iris Myers
857:Background
444:Lima Group
350:Defections
125:Colectivos
4446:H. Falcón
4411:J. Borges
4365:F. Bernal
4360:E. Farías
4330:I. Varela
4235:T. Lucena
4220:C. Flores
4195:A. Chávez
3747:Plan País
3461:La Salida
2788:GloboNews
2760:GloboNews
2728:El Pitazo
2534:El Pitazo
2431:Maduradas
2295:Analítica
2252:(España).
2091:: 15–29.
1922:La Nación
1719:10 August
1690:10 August
1662:10 August
1627:10 August
1601:10 August
1333:Boa Vista
1317:Pacaraima
1222:Corpoelec
1071:Guasipati
1063:El Callao
892:grassland
497:Elections
424:La Salida
375:Shortages
80:Venezuela
4739:Mercosur
4486:Mantilla
4481:L. López
4335:D. Vivas
4295:L. Parra
4024:protests
3832:timeline
3645:timeline
3471:timeline
3241:Chavismo
2702:Runrunes
2220:Cadena 3
1477:See also
1466:Yanomami
1439:COVID-19
1201:won the
1079:Tumeremo
1075:Sifontes
1017:Tumeremo
980:Sifontes
972:Tumeremo
872:Ingarikó
804:Tumeremo
770:nation (
607:Timeline
552:Protests
294:Chavismo
145:Tupamaro
67:Location
4849:Perrera
4817:Related
4661:Telesur
4641:PODEMOS
4491:Mendoza
4461:Aveledo
4345:B. Lugo
4230:E. Jaua
3608:Members
3209:Ongoing
3030:Infobae
2974:Infobae
2895:Infobae
2874:4 March
2847:4 March
2821:4 March
2734:4 March
2381:Twitter
2275:18 July
2072:: 3–99.
1811:May 26,
1784:8 March
1431:Bolívar
1372:Canaima
1265:of the
1188:Cacique
1135:malaria
1125:and to
1059:Miranda
976:Bolívar
876:Macushi
824:of the
808:Bolívar
317:Effects
256:Unknown
226:Unknown
91:Ongoing
4884:(2023)
4451:Adrián
4375:Y. Gil
4166:People
3440:Dakazo
3202:Events
2675:Clarín
2328:3 July
2200:4 July
2178:8 July
2103:
1956:8 July
1749:3 July
1561:4 July
1416:AK-103
1127:Brazil
1108:pranes
1073:) and
1067:Roscio
1055:Aragua
984:Roscio
938:PROVEA
792:PROVEA
419:Dakazo
413:Events
370:Piracy
283:Causes
203:Brazil
200:
175:Armed
87:Status
4881:Simón
4777:Copei
4456:Arria
2595:NTN24
2128:, in
2009:NTN24
1684:(PDF)
1656:(PDF)
1649:(PDF)
1470:Wi-Fi
1364:]
1313:Ureña
1293:]
1275:Pemon
1254:areas
1252:Pemon
1147:Pemon
1119:Pemon
1031:]
834:Pemon
768:Pemon
177:Pemon
4466:Caro
4101:2017
4085:2015
4056:2014
3992:2024
3951:2023
3930:2022
3909:2021
3843:2020
3730:2019
3656:2018
3566:2017
3540:2016
3492:2015
3454:2014
3423:2013
3397:2012
3359:2010
3298:and
3006:2019
2981:2019
2955:2019
2929:2020
2903:2020
2876:2019
2849:2019
2823:2019
2797:2019
2769:2019
2736:2019
2683:2019
2657:2019
2604:2019
2573:2019
2515:2019
2330:2021
2277:2021
2202:2017
2180:2017
2101:ISBN
2051:2020
2022:2019
1987:2019
1958:2021
1901:2019
1813:2019
1786:2016
1751:2017
1721:2018
1692:2018
1664:2018
1629:2018
1603:2018
1563:2017
1533:2020
1460:2022
1445:The
1422:2021
1411:9 mm
1311:and
1236:and
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628:2017
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