Economic policy of the Nicolás Maduro administration

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impossible for them to perform non-emergency surgeries." The government, which controlled "the dollars needed to buy medical supplies," had "simply not made enough" dollars available for those supplies, the AP reported. As a result, "many patients began dying from easily treatable illnesses when Venezuela's downward economic slide accelerated after Chavez's death." Doctors called it impossible "to know how many have died, and the government doesn't keep such numbers, just as it hasn't published health statistics since 2010." Among the items "in critically short supply" were "needles, syringes and paraffin used in biopsies to diagnose cancer; drugs to treat it; operating room equipment; X-ray film and imaging paper; blood and the reagents needed so it can be used for transfusions." The previous month, the government had "suspended organ donations and transplants." Also, over "70 percent of radiotherapy machines" were "now inoperable." Dr. Douglas Natera, president of the Venezuelan Medical Federation, said, "Two months ago we asked the government to declare an emergency," but they received no response. Health Minister Isabel Iturria refused to give the AP an interview, while a deputy health minister, Nimeny Gutierrez, "denied on state TV that the system is in crisis." The Venezuelan Pharmaceutical Federation reported shortages of 70% of medicines at pharmacies throughout Venezuela in 2015.

1302:, it was noted that a "significant proportion" of the subsidized basic goods in short supply were being smuggled into Colombia and sold for far higher prices. The Venezuelan government claims that as much as 40% of the basic commodities it subsidizes for the domestic market are being smuggled out of the country, into neighboring countries, like Colombia, where they are sold at much higher prices. However, economists disagree with the Venezuelan government's claim stating that only 10% of subsidized products are smuggled out of the country. In 2014, the Venezuelan government began to limit the quantities of certain items that individuals could purchase per month. Economists say that such measures were due to multiple issues, including an unproductive domestic industry that has been negatively affected by nationalizations and government intervention, and confusing currency controls that made it unable to provide the dollars importers that need to pay for the majority of basic products that enter Venezuela. Gasoline is also rationed in Venezuela allegedly due to smuggling of the subsidized Venezuelan gasoline to Colombia where it is sold for a higher price. 56: 1200: 1271:, with Daka being the most prominent store, to sell products at much lower prices on 8 November 2013, weeks before municipal elections and a month before Christmas. The Venezuelan government claimed that Daka had raised its prices for products over 1000%, with such price raises common in Venezuela due to government currency controls, a currency black market adopted by Venezuelan importers and corruption among sellers and government officials. The announcement of lowered prices sparked looting of stores and warehouses in multiple cities across Venezuela. The forced Daka price changes helped Venezuela's ruling party, 1138: 5345: 206: 249:, just after 8 p.m. local time; power began to return within an hour or two, "though remoter parts of the nation of 29 million people were still in the dark late into the evening." Critics stated that a lack of maintenance had caused the outage, while President Maduro accused the opposition of sabotaging the national grid with the aim to discredit him ahead of the nationwide municipal elections. By February 2016, the Venezuelan government began rationing electricity in the capital city of Caracas, blaming El Nino for low energy production from the country's hydroelectric plants. 706:, most economists said that the measure will only help temporarily due to the official inflation rate being over 59% and that the wage increase will only make situations on companies more difficult since they already face a shortage of currency. In January 2015, the Venezuelan government announced that the minimum wage would be raised 15%. On 1 May 2015, President Maduro announced that the minimum wage would increase 30%; 20% in May and 10% in July, with the newly announced minimum wage for Venezuelans being about $ 30 per month at the black market rate. 25: 650: 1444:, show an increase of poverty in Venezuela. ECLAC showed a 2013 poverty rate of 32% while Pedro España calculated a 2015 rate of 48% with a poverty rate of 70% possible by the end of 2015. According to Venezuelan NGO PROVEA, by the end of 2015, there would be the same number of Venezuelans living in poverty as there was in 2000, reversing the advancements against poverty by Hugo Chávez. By November 2015, a multi university study found that about 73% of households and 76% of Venezuelans were living in poverty. 100:, and often said he was fighting an "economic war", calling newly enacted economic measures "economic offensives" against political opponents he and loyalists state are behind an international economic conspiracy. However, President Maduro has been criticized for only concentrating on public opinion instead of tending to the practical issues economists have warned the Venezuelan government about or creating any ideas to improve the economic situation in Venezuela such as the "economic war". 486:

due to the implementation of Maduro's Organic Law of Fair Prices according to the president of the Business and Trade Union Services Zulia (UCEZ), Gilberto Gudino Millan, because it supposedly prevents the free development of the private sector. In 2014, President Maduro also created "a freeze on commercial rents at rates more than 50 percent lower than they had been at some malls" which resulted with Venezuela's malls and retail industry losing 75% of their incomes.

495: 165:. With Venezuela's oil prices down to $ 77.65 per barrel, down $ 15 from the previous month, President Maduro later stated that in Venezuela's 2015 budget, prices of oil would be placed around $ 60 per barrel contrasting the previous averages of nearly $ 100 per barrel. However, by January 2016, Venezuelan oil was selling near $ 24 a barrel, bringing a profit near the cost of producing a single barrel which was slightly below $ 20 per barrel. 1203: 1202: 1207: 1206: 1201: 1208: 1205: 1379:(MINCI) funds being used for propaganda in 2014. Allocation of funds to MINCI were over 0.5 billion Venezuelan bolívares. For the 2015 Venezuelan government budget, the Venezuelan government designated 1.8 billion bolívares for the promotion of the supposed achievements made by the government of Nicolas Maduro, which was more than the 1.3 billion bolívares designated by the 1095:

goods from reaching ordinary citizens, including increased inspections and sanctions on companies found to be smuggling or hoarding goods; and to continue enforcing a "law of fair prices," which in part caps profits for businesses at 30%. Analyst Heckel Garcia, director of Econometric, said that the plans "will not be enough" to get Venezuela out of the crisis it is facing.

1346:, Venezuela's largest food producer, expressed his disagreement with the proposed system, saying it would penalize 28 million Venezuelans for the smuggling carried out by just a few. Days after the announcement, the Venezuelan government scaled back its plans on implementing the new system, saying the system is now voluntary and is only for 23 basic goods. 722:, which changed the Venezuelan government's June inflation data from 5.7% to 4.4%, July's 5.5% rate to 4.1% and August's 4.3% to 3.9%. It was also stated in the BCV's August report that it was an "economic war that hindered the normal course of production activities and distribution of essential goods demanded by the Venezuelan people". 60:

almost 10,000 times less than in August 2012 since it has lost more than 99.99% of its value. The rate at which the value is lost (inflation) is accelerating. The first time the money took 2 years and 2 months to lose 90% of its value, the second time 1 year and 10 months, the third time 10 months and the fourth time only 4 months.

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of the outcomes from the Dakazo, where Daka stores in Venezuela are still recovering from shortages caused by the sales. Soon after the initiation of the plan, customers complained that popular children's toys had already been sold out in stores. With President Maduro experiencing record low approval ratings,

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During the Christmas shopping season of 2014, the Venezuelan government also launched an initiative called the "Merry Christmas Plan", a plan that involved audits on sellers and the forced reduction of prices that the government found unsuitable. Multiple analysts warned that this may cause a repeat

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In January 2015, Maduro toured countries in Asia seeking support following the steep decline in oil prices since June 2014, asking for financial agreements and the cut of production by OPEC. Despite statements by Maduro saying that multibillion-dollar agreements were made, few details were given, oil

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stopped performing surgeries due to the lack of supplies. The government's currency policy has made it difficult to import drugs and other medical supplies into Venezuela. The executive director of the Venezuelan Association of Hospitals and Clinics explained how in less than a month, shortages of 53

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that was conducted by the Central University of Venezuela, Simón Bolívar University and Andrés Bello Catholic University, 11.3% of Venezuelans ate two or less meals daily and 80.1% of Venezuelans could not afford food. Of those who consumed less than three meals per day, 39.1% were among the poorest

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In 2013, President of the Venezuelan government's Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) Elias Eljuri suggested that all shortages in the country were due to Venezuelan's eating, saying that "95% of people eat three or more meals a day" while referencing a national survey. However, data provided by

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Policies created by former President Hugo Chávez led to shortages that the country experienced when President Maduro entered into office. These policies were continued by President Maduro which led to greater shortages of due to the Venezuelan government's policy of withholding United States dollars

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In April 2014, President Maduro said that he had new plans for an "economic offensive," focusing on three objectives: to find new ways to spur economic production at all levels of the country, as growth had slipped in 2013 to 1.6% after record growth of 5.6% in 2012; to dismantle obstacles hindering

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accelerated during the beginning of President Maduro's presidency, which caused more price inflation in the country. The money supply of the Bolivar in Venezuela increased 64% in 2014, three times faster than any other economy observed by Bloomberg at the time. Due to the rapidly decreasing value of

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The business environment in Venezuela during the beginning of Maduro's tenure was poor according to multiple organizations. In his first year as president, 77,839 business closed with according to the government's National Statistics Institute (INE). The loss of 173,000 Venezuelan jobs was allegedly

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In July 2017, Standard & Poor's lowered both the domestic and foreign credit ratings of Venezuela to CCC− due to the increasing risk of default. Fitch Ratings followed suit in August 2017, lowering local and foreign credit ratings to CC. In November 2017 Standard & Poor's rated Venezuela in

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In 2013, foreign trade from Venezuela was ranked 179 out of 185 countries due to many reasons. One was the large number of documents that are needed in order to export and import. The amount of time to export goods from Venezuela is more than five times longer than the average country with the time

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announced that Venezuela would raise domestic gas prices, though they would still not be comparable to international averages. Government figures estimated that PDVSA had annual losses of $ 12.5 billion with the subsidized gas prices, with PDVSA paying 28 times more to produce gasoline and 50 times

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Soon thereafter, in August 2014, President Maduro announced the creation of a new voluntary fingerprint scanning system that was allegedly aimed at combating food shortages and smuggling. The Venezuelan government announced that 17,000 troops would be deployed along its border with Colombia, where

398:, suspended international flights operating in Venezuela because the government restricted access to the U.S. dollar. There were talks among airlines of canceling even more international flights out of the country since Venezuela still owed foreign airlines nearly US$ 4.0 billion. A September 2014 145:

In 2014, oil production was estimated to be near 2.7 million barrels per day, 13% lower than when Hugo Chávez took office in 1999. There were shortages and rationing of gas in some areas of Venezuela, which according to the Venezuelan government, is to combat smuggling of cheaper fuel to Colombia.

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In May 2016, the National Assembly passed a law compelling the executive branch and Nicolás Maduro to accept foreign aid for healthcare and medical supplies, including medicines that have experienced supply shortages. The intent of this law is to offset decline in services and supply shortages.

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Shortly after being granted special economic powers in February 2016, President Maduro increased the price of gas by 6,200%, though this increase only translated to new gas prices costing of a few American cents with Venezuela still enjoying the cheapest gasoline prices in the world. This was the

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The value of one US dollar in Venezuelan Bolivares fuertes on the black market through time according to DolarToday.com. Blue vertical lines represent every time the currency has lost 90% of its value. This has happened four times since 2012, meaning that the currency is worth as of December 2017

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Venezuelan consumers mainly had negative feelings toward the fingerprint rationing system, stating that it created longer lines; especially when fingerprint machines malfunctioned, and that the system does nothing to relieve shortages because it only overlooks the large economic changes that the

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From 1 May 2018 until the original changeover date in the currency, prices should have been expressed in both bolívares (Bs.) and bolívares soberanos (Bs.S) at the original rate of 1000 to one. The President delayed the change, citing from Aristides Maza, "the period established to carry out the

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In November 2016, the Bolivar Fuerte saw its largest monthly loss of value ever. The Bolivar Fuerte to United States dollar conversion rate passed the 2,000 Bs.F. per US$ 1 on 21 November 2016, reaching near 3,000 Bs.F. per US$ 1 only days after it passed the 2,000 mark. On 29 November 2016, the

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was reported to have paid $ 865 million for Venezuelan government bonds which it bought for 32 cents in the dollar and were to be repaid in 2022. Sources said that Sachs were buying the bonds on the assumption that the government would fall and the value of the bonds would rise. In November 2017

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for Venezuela's shortages. Venezuelan producers also state that the lack of US dollars and strict price controls make it difficult to import the simple goods that are relied upon in Venezuela. Items became so scarce in late 2013 that nearly one quarter of products were not in stock. The chronic

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When President Maduro took office in early 2013, the unemployment rate in Venezuela was near 7.6% according to INE. In February 2014, the unemployment rate dropped to 7.2%. In January 2015, the unemployment rate then rose to 7.9%. In May 2016, the unemployment rate rose to 17%. By July 2017 the

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In September 2014, the unofficial exchange rate for the Bolivar Fuerte in Cúcuta reached 100 Bs.F. per US$ 1. In May 2015, the Bolivar Fuerte lost 25% of its value in a week, with the unofficial exchange rate being at 300 Bs.F. per US$ 1 on 14 May and reaching 400 Bs.F. per US$ 1 on 21 May. The

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Maduro has announced that after the currency redenomination has carried out on 20 August 2018, these old denominations with a face value of 1000 bolívares fuertes or higher will circulate in parallel with the new series of bolívar soberano notes and will continue to be used for a limited time.

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report dated February 2014 noted that "legions of the sick across the country" were being "neglected by a health care system doctors say is collapsing after years of deterioration." Doctors at one hospital "sent home 300 cancer patients ... when supply shortages and overtaxed equipment made it

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in Venezuela has dropped significantly during Maduro's presidency with the minimum wage sinking from approximately $ 360 per month in 2012 to $ 31 in March 2015 (applying the weakest legal exchange rate) . At Venezuelan currency black market's values, the minimum wage was just $ 20 per month.

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During Venezuela's economic crisis, the rate of gold excavated fell 64.1% between February 2013 and February 2014 and iron production dropped 49.8%. The production of steel and aluminium of multiple Venezuelan steelmakers dropped in 2014, with the state-owned steelmaker Sidor having a drop in

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due to "under the table" negotiations between the Venezuelan government and traders. Some Venezuelans combatted shortages by receiving food and hygiene products from relatives in the United States according to several shipping services. According to the Central Bank of Venezuela, food prices

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In data provided by the Venezuelan Federation of Teachers' Center for Social Analysis (Cendas-FVM) in December 2017, the average Family Food Basket price in Venezuela, or the average price to provide enough food for one's needs, was 16,501,362.78 bolívares. With a minimum wage of 177,507.43

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shows that Venezuela's current economy, as of March 2014, had an inflation rate hovering above 300%, an official inflation rate around 60% and a product scarcity index rising above 25% of goods. Inflation data for September and October 2014 was not reported by the Venezuelan government.

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also downgraded both Venezuela's local (B1) and foreign currency (B2) ratings to Caa1. The noted reasons of credit rating changes were the greatly increased likelihood of economic and financial collapse due to the Venezuelan government's policies and an "out of control" inflation rate.

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increased 76.2% between May 2013 and May 2014 with Solomon Centeno, an economist and university professor estimating for The Central Bank's statistics that the annual inflation for food would be above 100%. The Central Bank also recorded a 26.9% shortage of goods in March 2014.

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stated: "The political drama in Venezuela, where a populist, authoritarian government is attempting to cling to power despite losing a legislative election by a landslide, tends to obscure a deeper crisis. Though it is awash in oil, the country of 30 million people is facing an

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In mid-2014, Venezuela faced shortages of water. Caracas suffered the most shortages and rationing of water due to what critics said was bad planning by the Venezuelan government. In some instances, trucks of water that were being delivered to residents in the municipality of

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decreased or in some cases ceased production entirely. In January 2015, Maduro revived the use of transportation tolls in the country for more revenue despite the removal by Chavez, who stated the tolls did not help pay to maintain roads and were part of a capitalist system.

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In July 2015, Maduro's "government ordered major food companies, including units of PepsiCo and Nestlé Inc., to evacuate warehouses in an area where the state plans to expropriate land to build low-cost housing." In February 2015, the government previously nationalized the

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according to experts. Reasons for the high inflation rate include both heavy money-printing and deficit spending. In April 2013, the month he took office, Venezuela's annual inflation rate was 29.4%, only 0.1% less than when Hugo Chávez took office in 1999 and the annual

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groups of society. According to those who worked for the survey, they stated that most Venezuelans say they have difficulties with obtaining food, with 11% saying they "felt sad, anxious or depressed all the time" about food while 31% said "experienced sadness".

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stated that Venezuela was in its worst economic crisis in its history. Barclays also predicted that Venezuela's economy would shrink 9.1% in 2015 and that between 2014 and 2016, the economy would decline 16.5% and accumulated inflation would be over 1,000%.

1078:("sovereign bolívar"). New coins in denominations of 50 céntimos and 1 bolívar soberano, and new banknotes in denominations of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 bolívares soberanos were introduced. The change will be made effective from June 4, 2018. 656: 424:

refinery in Texas). Venezuela's foreign debt was estimated at US$ 105 billion and reserves at US$ 10 billion. Nevertheless, commentators believed Venezuela might still be able to get loans from China and Russia in exchange for mineral and oil rights.

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On 22 March 2018, President Nicolás Maduro announced a new monetary reform, in which the bolívar would once again be revalued at a ratio of 1 to 1,000, making the new bolívar equal to one million pre-2008 bolívares. The currency was renamed as the

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In February 2014, the government stated that it had confiscated more than 3,500 tons of contraband on the border with Colombia—food and fuel which, it said, was intended for "smuggling" or "speculation." The President of the National Assembly,

1191:, photographs of goods affected by price hikes and converted to USD prices included; a kilogram of carrots at $ 19.05, a 36 pack coloured pencils at $ 115, a pair of blue jeans at $ 793, a pair of running shoes at $ 1,198, among other goods. 1150:, among other economists, believe that the chronic shortages in Venezuela resulted from multiple elements, like over-reliance on imports, lack of production, price controls, and other government policies. President Maduro instead blames the 1155:

shortages included many necessities including foods; such as toilet paper, milk, and flour, as well as medical goods and automotive parts. Food shortages have led to looting and public vandalism on several occasions during Maduro's tenure.

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oil company in "restrictive default" after failing to pay interest on its obligations. These ratings were one level above full default (a full default would mean PDVSA's assets could be seized by creditors - such as oil shipments and the

1310:, said that the confiscated food should be given to the Venezuelan people, and should not be "in the hands of these gangsters." In March 2014, President Maduro introduced a new "biometric card" that requires the users fingerprint called 6367: 350:

said that "Mr. Maduro has long used food and other government handouts to pressure impoverished Venezuelans to attend pro-government rallies and to support him during elections as the country's economic meltdown has intensified."

1114:'s Economic Development Division estimated that Venezuela's economy contracted by 3% that year. In 2015, the IMF predicted that the Venezuelan economy contracted by 10% and in 2016 the IMF estimated the GDP contracted by 10%. 1287:

called the plan a "reissued 'Dakazo'" after thousands of Venezuelans similarly gathered at Daka stores receiving price reductions of up to 50%, only weeks after some Daka stores reported their first restock since the Dakazo.

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policies have generated high inflation and a drain on official foreign exchange reserves". The IMF suggested that "more significant policy changes are needed to stave off a disorderly adjustment". Data provided by economist

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reporting that it was a possible way to manipulate the image of economy. In April 2014, the International Monetary Fund stated that economic activity in Venezuela is uncertain but may continue to slow saying that "loose

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In 2019, Maduro started allowing transactions in U.S. dollars, a much more stable currency which is also used for international money transfers. People in Venezuela receive about $ 3.5 to $ 4 billion per year in

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in the world. According to the 2014 Legatum Prosperity Index, Venezuela dropped positions in multiple categories with an overall ranking of 100 of 142 countries, dropping 22 positions in from the previous year.

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In 2015, Venezuela again topped the Global Misery Index and was expected to have its economy contract 7% according to the World Bank. The inflation rate also reached its highest rate in Venezuelan history.

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It is impossible to understand why the government is not reacting to this reality, why it has not taken measures to alleviate the economic distortions that are destroying the real income of Venezuelans.

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In 2011, the Venezuelan government promised to build an additional 3 million housing units in a country where many "live in precariously built shacks in the hilly capital, Caracas" according to

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In September 2013, a power outage left 70% of the country without electricity for about three hours in the middle of the day. Another widespread outage occurred on December 2, 2013, days before

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once wrote, ‘Only those are happy who never think.’ I think Venezuelans are trying to not think too much about how poor they have become. They’re too busy queuing and trying to make ends meet.

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noted that the Merry Christmas Plan seemed similar to the strategy of the Dakazo, where President Maduro briefly increased his approval ratings during the Christmas season of 2013. Days later,

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Bolivar Fuerte dropped sharply again in July 2015, passing 500 Bs.F. per US$ 1 on 3 July and 600 Bs.F. per US$ 1 on 9 July. By February 2016, the unofficial rate reached 1,000 Bs.F. per USD.

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rate was at 29.5%. By April 2014, Venezuela's annual inflation rate was 61.5%. In early 2014, the Central Bank of Venezuela did not release statistics for the first time in its history with

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and a rationing card. In May 2014, months after the card was introduced, it was reported that 503,000 Venezuelans had registered for the card. In August 2014, it was reported that the

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has cut down its work due to the lack of money limiting their work to the monitoring of "potential external threats" and asked for Cuban intelligence agents to return to Venezuela.

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In February 2016, President Maduro used his newly granted economic powers to devalue the strongest official exchange rate by 37%, that is, from 6.3 Bs.F per USD to 10 Bs.F per USD.

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The United States supplies more than one-third of Venezuela's food imports. Recent government import policies have led to the shortage of goods throughout the country. During the

7413: 6291:"Despite Riches, Venezuela Starts Food Rationing; Government Rolls Out Fingerprint Scanners to Limit Purchases of Basic Goods; 'How Is it Possible We've Gotten to This Extreme'" 1387:. Funding for domestic propaganda increased 139.3% in the 2015 budget with 73.7% of the Ministry of Communication and Information's budget compromising for official propaganda. 1314:

for purchases in state-run supermarkets or participating businesses that is allegedly meant to combat smuggling and price speculation. It has been described as being both like

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In December 2017, Nicolas Maduro announced that Venezuela will issue an oil-backed state cryptocurrency called the ‘Petro’ in an attempt to shore up its struggling economy.

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stated that the gasoline supply was running normally and that the long lines stated at gas stations were "destabilizing rumors factions opposing the Bolivarian government".

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report by the International Finance Corporation and The World Bank, Venezuela once again ranked low and fell four ranks to 186 of 189, with only African nations such as

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country needed to make. Following the announcement of the fingerprint system, protests broke out in multiple cities in Venezuela denouncing the proposed move. The

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report by the International Finance Corporation and The World Bank, Venezuela continued to be ranked low and dropped down one rank to 182 of 189. According to

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around 30%. The state-owned oil company, PDVSA, reduced its funding on social projects by 21% in 2013 due to the financial crisis that Venezuela was facing.

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they will assist in closing down traffic each night to strengthen anti-smuggling efforts. The effect of the nightly closings will be assessed after 30 days.

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In September 2014, the Venezuelan government's Central Bank of Venezuela (BCV) reportedly changed its calculation methods for inflation from the more common

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that was left over from the previous policies of President Chávez. These economic difficulties that Venezuela was facing were one of the main reasons of the

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more for diesel than what consumers pay at gas stations. However, Rafael Ramirez was removed from being head of PDVSA and the oil ministry the next month.

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from importers with price controls. Economist Asdrubal Oliveros of the Venezuelan consulting firm Ecoanalítica and economist Francisco Rodriguez of the

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report, Venezuela remained ranked 186 of 189, with starting a business, international trading and taxes being the worst categories. In February 2016,

6009: 4842: 1992: 111:, which is based on inflation, unemployment, and other economic factors. In December 2014, it was stated that Venezuela had a 93% chance of being in 6523: 4919: 3805: 3538: 2164: 2070: 6937: 5614: 5070: 4715: 3929: 6748: 4442: 4276: 294:. At the end of April 2017, Maduro marked the completion of 1.6 million houses under government programs established under the Chávez government. 69: 7235: 6627: 6427: 6124: 1049:

conversion rate increased to over 3,000 Bs.F. per US$ 1. In the month preceding 28 November 2016, the Bolivar Fuerte lost over 60% of its value.

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report of April 2014, the IMF predicted that Venezuela would be the only country in the world whose GDP would contract that year. They and the

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I have immediately ordered the occupation of the network (Daka) and bring products to sell people a fair price. Leave nothing on the shelves!

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bolívares, it was still insufficient to pay for the Family Food Basket which would have required at least 93 months of minimum wage payments.

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that were primarily heard in traditionally government opposing areas. Students in Zulia state also demonstrated against the proposed system.

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downgraded Venezuela's credit rating three times; from B+ to B in June 2013, B to B− in December 2013 and from B− to CCC+ in September 2014.

2840: 2421: 1910: 1275:, win in some of the municipal elections, though the massive sale of goods caused further shortages in the months following the initiative. 742:

also lowered each of Venezuela's credit ratings in March 2014 from B+ to B and even lower from B to CCC in December 2014. In December 2013,

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instead of purchasing goods to import for Venezuelans, allocating only 15% of the necessary amount of funds to buy goods for supermarkets.

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believed " that the economy has little prospect of improvement" and that the state of the Venezuelan economy was a "disaster". For the

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In June 2015, a poll by Venebarometro found that 81.9% of Venezuelans could not afford food in the previous month before the survey.

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in 1989 when protests were held over the increased prices, with this event leading to the rise of Maduro's predecessor, Hugo Chávez.

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Banknotes with a face value below 1000 bolívares will be withdrawn from circulation and cease to be legal tender on 20 August 2018.

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report showing confidential water reports from the state-run water organization HidroCentro, tests showed that tap water contained

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performing worse. According to Bank of America's Transforming World Atlas, Venezuela had the world's highest credit default risk.

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Every citizen and resident in Venezuela is entitled to healthcare as both a human and constitutional right and guaranteed by law.

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article, said that $ 7 billion of debt (nearly 33% of Venezuela's $ 21 billion foreign reserves) was due the next month. In 2017

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technical default and Fitch ratings rated Venezuela's oil company PDVSA in restrictive default - one rank above full default.

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failed to go past the trial phase and that another "biometric card" was going to be developed according to President Maduro.

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In October 2014, Venezuela's oil prices dropped to a four-year low and President Maduro called for an emergency meeting with

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expected Venezuela's economy to fall 10% in 2015 and stated the economy was suffering its worst recession in over 70 years.

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In the beginning of President Maduro's presidency, Venezuela's credit ratings were downgraded to "junk territory" or below

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In April 2014, President Maduro raised the minimum wage by 30%, hoping to improve citizens' purchasing power. According to

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Pons, Corina; Cawthorne, Andrew (30 December 2014). "Recession-hit Venezuela vows New Year reforms, foes scoff". Reuters.

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toilet paper factory to check operations for the alleged "possible diversion of distribution" and "illegal management".

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In late 2013, a major railway project in Venezuela was delayed because Venezuela could not pay US$ 7.5 billion and owed

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chain of 35 supermarkets in Venezuela because, in its view, the chain was engaged in hoarding during a food shortage.

370:, the Venezuelan government was, as of that date, running out of hard currency to pay bills. Many airlines, including 7459: 7081: 6341: 6146: 5121: 3030: 2589: 2142: 1794: 1179:

were robbed at gunpoint. President Nicolas Maduro stated that the water shortages the country was facing were due to

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importing is eight times longer than average. Prices for trade are also three times higher than the average country.

3652: 1816: 1545: 219: 115:, while it has also been noted that the government has never failed to meet the country's foreign-debt obligations. 8784: 7959: 7908: 7722: 7265: 3599: 7929: 5249: 2662: 8664: 8623: 8548: 7221: 2972: 107:

with its economy contracting by 4.8%, 4.9% and 2.3% in the first three quarters. That year, Venezuela topped the

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announced that the shortage rate of automobiles was at 100%. Automobiles manufacturers in Venezuela, such as

6089: 5809:"Venezuela's grand plan to fix its toilet-paper shortage: $ 79 million and a warning to stop eating so much" 1334:

called on Venezuelans to reject the new fingerprinting system and called on supporters to hold a nationwide

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from family members; this change allowed Venezuelans to spend that money and started an economic recovery.

7717: 6820: 4814: 4309:"S&P Downgrades Venezuela on Worsening Economy Rising Inflation, Economic Pressures Prompt Rating Cut" 2736: 1429:

According to the Instituto Nacional de Estadística, President Maduro entered his term as president with a

8677: 8331: 8190: 8078: 7687: 7628: 7518: 7216: 7186: 2172: 1331: 1147: 1099: 442: 8596: 8073: 8038: 6723:"MUD reactiva protestas en Venezuela: convoca a un cacerolazo nacional para rechazar sistema biométrico" 4630: 4539: 3933: 506:

ranked Venezuela one of the lowest countries for doing business ranking it 180 of 185 countries for its

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Fears grew high due to a toilet paper shortage that resulted in the Venezuelan government occupying a

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article, it was reported that the fingerprint rationing system expanded to more state owned markets.

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Moshinsky, Ben (14 August 2015). "Ranked: The world's national debts, from safest to most risky".

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the Bolivar Fuerte, Venezuelans jokingly called the currency "bolívar muerto" or "dead bolivar".

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During the first year of President Maduro's presidency, Venezuela's economy began to experience

514:, Venezuela ranked 78 of 142 countries property rankings with governance as the worst category. 153:

In August 2014, after several attempts to raise gas prices, Oil Minister and president of PDVSA

8633: 8431: 8022: 7752: 7477: 7250: 4007: 1132: 735: 77: 7742: 7618: 660: 8789: 8648: 8481: 8250: 7513: 7205: 7156: 5838: 5147: 1137: 715: 633: 76:. When entering the presidency, President Maduro's Venezuela faced a high inflation rate and 7503: 7191: 5019: 212: 8794: 8722: 8571: 8561: 8180: 8043: 7727: 7623: 7449: 1458: 273: 205: 8811: 8346: 8200: 2567: 734:

with negative outlooks according to most rating agencies. In a little more than one year,

8: 8717: 7888: 7867: 7805: 7151: 7097: 3835: 3141:"Venezuela's economy Of oil and coconut water Probably the world's worst-managed economy" 2922:"Dolorosa imagen de nuestra industria automotriz: El cierre de General Motors Venezolana" 2330: 1463: 1265: 1123:

unemployment rate was estimated to have risen to over 25%, according to IMF's estimates.

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

8774: 8516: 8461: 8255: 8230: 8145: 8115: 7893: 7851: 7702: 7692: 7565: 7270: 6941: 6010:"Watch: Looting in Venezuela after government launches attack on 'bourgeois parasites'" 4745: 4719: 3710: 3423:"Venezuela to nationalize occupied supermarket accused of hoarding food amid shortages" 3288:"Maduro importa blindados de combate en vez de alimentos en medio de crisis venezolana" 2462:"Médicos del Hospital Universitario de Caracas suspenden cirugías por falta de insumos" 1704: 1167: 314: 8501: 8476: 8235: 8185: 8140: 8001: 6993:"Venezuela: Pdvsa recortó un 21% su aporte a las misiones sociales creadas por Chávez" 3881:"Hyperinflation is forcing Venezuela to print hundreds of millions of extra banknotes" 8446: 8436: 8371: 8130: 5530: 3480:"Por los "precios justos" del chavismo, quebraron más de 77.000 empresas venezolanas" 3398: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3236: 2759:"Maduro: I'll cut off my mustache if Venezuela doesn't build a million homes by 2016" 608: 379: 112: 8411: 8110: 7641: 649: 65: 8125: 8120: 7593: 6672:"Venezuela respondió al llamado de la MUD y caceroleó contra el sistema biométrico" 6196:"Venezuela reedita "Dakazo" y lanza a miles a la caza de electrodomésticos baratos" 5886:"16 millones y medio la Canasta Alimentaria… y Maduro se quiere reelegir (FRACASO)" 5711:"Lo que Nicolás Maduro intenta silenciar: la imagen del racionamiento en Venezuela" 5200:"Interview – Venezuela recession to stretch into 2015 even if oil drop halted – UN" 4149: 3859:"Venezuela joins the hyperinflation club: 54.3% in last twelve months and climbing" 3758: 2363: 1307: 731: 232: 8521: 8381: 4996:"Maduro: El nuevo cono monetario va a coexistir con el viejo "hasta su extensión"" 3253: 8451: 8421: 8416: 8406: 8063: 8006: 7993: 7790: 7712: 7439: 7429: 7255: 5864: 5324: 3776: 3292: 1339: 1315: 1264:

The Dakazo refers to a set of actions taken by the Venezuelan government forcing

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conversion is not enough"; the revaluation is now scheduled for August 20, 2018.

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report with protecting investors and taxes being its worst rankings. In the 2013

494: 395: 338:, which are local committees for supplying and distributing food house by house. 8376: 8290: 6316:"Cabello en Apure: Decomisamos 12.000 litros de aceites y 30 toneladas de arroz" 8702: 8471: 8456: 8441: 8401: 8300: 8170: 8165: 7301: 7275: 5666:"La crisis de la economía chavista provoca que los venezolanos coman vez menos" 5497:"Venezuela food shortages: 'No one can explain why a rich country has no food'" 5368:"Venezuela food shortages: 'No one can explain why a rich country has no food'" 5224: 2049: 2017:

Saraiva, A Catarina; Jamrisko, Michelle; Fonseca Tartar, Andre (2 March 2015).

1602: 1343: 1180: 693: 689: 668: 550: 318: 8321: 8265: 5637:"La comida reemplaza a las tablets en los envíos de venezolanos desde Florida" 441:, Maduro decided to purchase hundreds of military vehicles to be used against 73: 8833: 8759: 8687: 8643: 8295: 8275: 8270: 8245: 8068: 7334: 7161: 6170:"Venezuela's Maduro cuts prices of toys, computers in 'Merry Christmas' plan" 5983:"Venezuelans muse on economic woes that make milk scarce but fridges a steal" 5534: 4447: 3402: 3240: 1550: 1217:

INE showed that in 2013, food consumption by Venezuelans actually decreased.

739: 684: 412: 403: 383: 366: 303: 8160: 5861:"Hyperinflation looming in Venezuela: nearly 82% say they can't afford food" 4116:"Incremento salarial podría intensificar la inflación y agudizar la escasez" 2995:"Clap: Organización popular para el abastecimiento y la producción - MippCI" 8734: 8682: 8506: 8341: 8150: 7846: 7747: 7633: 7306: 6477:"Venezuela to introduce new biometric card in bid to target food smuggling" 5987: 1430: 1401: 1298: 1268: 1037: 391: 8511: 7677: 5418:"Venezuela Food Shortages Reveal Potential Problems During Chavez Absence" 3957:"The Chávez Administration at 10 Years: The Economy and Social Indicators" 2444:"Venezuela to declare health crisis to seek foreign medical aid - UPI.com" 2071:

Maduro Picks Surprising Tool To Level Out Venezuela's Tailspin: Capitalism

8396: 8386: 8260: 7785: 7049: 6524:"Maduro ratifica aplicación de control de compras por huellas dactilares" 6090:"Update 3 – Venezuela says inflation slows, economy grew 1.6 pct in 2013" 5045:"Billetes inferiores a 1.000 bolívares no tendrán valor a partir del 20A" 4663:"Venezuela's unofficial exchange rate tumbles to 600 bolivars per dollar" 3023:

Dube, Ryan (29 March 2019). "Red Cross announces Venezuelan aid effort".

2387:"Venezuela se queda sin suficientes divisas para pagar las importaciones" 1416: 653:

Inflation raised to its highest levels in Venezuelan history under Maduro

591: 261: 124: 97: 89: 8305: 6821:"Shortage-weary Venezuelans scoff at fingerprinting plan for food sales" 6227:"Venezuela protests are sign that US wants our oil, says Nicolás Maduro" 4363:"Update 2 – S&P downgrades Venezuela's sovereign credit rating to B" 3603: 1515:"Venezuela's black market rate for US dollars just jumped by almost 40%" 8225: 6771:"Policía dispersa protesta contra el cazahuellas en Zulia #27A (Fotos)" 5321:"These 5 Facts Explain Why Venezuela Could Be on the Brink of Collapse" 5297: 4601:"Venezuela unofficial exchange rate weakens to 400 bolivars per dollar" 4177:"Cambio de fórmula para cálculo de inflación no modificará la realidad" 1335: 375: 371: 269: 85: 7066: 4540:"Venezuela black market forex rate weakens below 200 bolivars per dlr" 3907: 3831:"Prepare for the worst: Venezuela is heading toward complete disaster" 2785:"Venezuela's President Maduro Hikes Minimum Wage Amid Rising Protests" 1438:

United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

1375:, funding for "official propaganda" increased with 65% of Venezuela's 1184: 1108:

United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

8697: 7820: 7391: 7021:"Venezuela: Does an increase in poverty signal threat to government?" 6428:"Gobierno anuncia implementación de Tarjeta de Abastecimiento Seguro" 673: 104: 93: 5689:"Alimentos aumentarían su precio en más del 100% al cierre del 2014" 4920:"Comenzaron a aparecer productos con precios el bolívares soberanos" 4571: 4086:"Nicolás Maduro asesta otra estocada al sector privado en Venezuela" 8669: 7171: 6936:

Crooks, Nathan; Rosati, Andrew; Jamrisko, Michelle (6 March 2015).

6881:"Gobierno gastará más en propaganda que en el municipio Libertador" 6454:"Medio Millón Se Inscribe Para La Tarjeta De Abastecimiento Seguro" 5523:"Venezuela's Food Shortages Trigger Long Lines, Hunger and Looting" 4514:"Venezuela bolivar hits record low 100/U.S. dollar on black market" 3736: 3674: 3627:"Políticas económicas en Venezuela ahuyentan el capital extranjero" 3059:"Venezuela sees more airlines suspend ticket sales, demand payment" 2896:"En imágenes: Así fue el último día de General Motors en Venezuela" 2221:"Ramirez removed as PDVSA head, oil minister in Venezuela shake-up" 603: 578: 527: 277: 257: 170: 6398:"Tarjeta de abastecimiento seguro se usará para premiar fidelidad" 4631:"Venezuela's unofficial exchange rate weakens past 500 per dollar" 2196:"Venezuelan minister repeats pledge to raise domestic fuel prices" 8779: 8591: 6938:"Monthly Salary of $ 20 Shows Why Venezuelans Wait in Food Lines" 6121:"Venezuela Plans "Merry Christmas" through Strict Price Controls" 5959: 4971:"Inflation-hit Venezuela to remove five zeros from currency | DW" 4946:"Maduro pospone entrada en vigencia de la reconversión monetaria" 4843:"Venezuela's Currency Just Had the Biggest Monthly Collapse Ever" 4819: 4790:"Venezuelan 1,000% Inflation Seen by BofA Without Weaker Bolivar" 4667: 4635: 4605: 4544: 3983:"Venezuela in Data Denial After Inflation Tops 50%: Andes Credit" 2866:"Ford Cutting Production in Venezuela on Growing Dollar Shortage" 2841:"Banco Central reporta que la escasez de vehículos llega al 100%" 2491:"Latin America's weakest economies are reaching breaking-point". 2416: 2165:"Pdvsa asegura que suministro de gasolina opera "con normalidad"" 1756:"Maduro anuncia que el martes arranca nueva "ofensiva económica"" 1166:

reported that some goods in Venezuelan stores had a 114% to 425%

1111: 599: 3339:"Venezuela And Iran Tried And Then Failed To Change OPEC's Mind" 2715:"Venezuela shopping centres halve opening times as crisis bites" 2326:"Venezuela's oil-based economy is about to flatline. Then what?" 2273:"Maduro says Venezuela's 2015 budget to put oil at $ 60 dollars" 1626:"For Venezuela, Drop In Global Oil Prices Could Be Catastrophic" 1383:

for public safety of the most populous Venezuelan municipality,

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said Venezuela was "robably the world's worst-managed economy".

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prices fell another 8% and his tour was described as a failure.

227:

system was to blame since 86% of medical supplies are imported.

7370: 6846:"La crisis golpea a los servicios de inteligencia de Venezuela" 6602:"Venezuela to close Colombia border at night to slow smuggling" 4716:"Venezuela's Bolivar Falls Past 800 Per Dollar on Black Market" 3733:"Report: Venezuela One Of Hardest Countries for Doing Business" 3365:"Venezuela's 'protest city' on edge as economic crisis worsens" 2300:"Venezuela Prepares 2015 Budget in Wake of Tumbling Oil Prices" 1247: 1176: 678: 322: 224: 5466:"Venezuela's Forced Price Cuts Damp World's Fastest Inflation" 4815:"Venezuela currency tanks 60 percent in month on black market" 4203:"Banco Central de Venezuela, maquilla las cifras de inflación" 4037:"Gobierno demora nuevamente divulgación de datos de inflación" 2412:"Cae producción de acero y aluminio en Venezuela durante 2014" 8707: 6908:"65% del dinero del Minci se utilizará en propaganda oficial" 5581:"Facing shortages, Venezuela takes over toilet paper factory" 4252:"El último párrafo del informe del BCV que causa indignación" 2663:"Venezuela Power Outage Plunges Most Of Nation Into Darkness" 2016: 1365: 1159: 1110:

predicted Venezuela's GDP contracted by about 0.5%. In 2014,

595: 421: 416: 147: 6749:"La Mesa convoca a cacerolazo mañana a las 8:00 de la noche" 5783:"President Nicolas Maduro seeks to rule Venezuela by decree" 4146:"Venezuela Raises Minimum Wage 30 Pct Amid Raging Inflation" 3707:"Venezuela Economic Crisis to Only Get Worse, Barclays Says" 3451:"Citi considera que la economía venezolana es un "desastre"" 1970:"Venezuela Default Odds at 93% as Bonds Sink to 16-Year Low" 223:

medical products rose to 109 products and explained how the

8553: 6033:"Venezuela arrests looters, store bosses in 'economic war'" 5174:"Recession looms over Venezuela, official data under wraps" 4742:"Venezuela Threatens to Jail Heinz's "Bourgeois Parasites"" 4575: 3169:"Kings of capitalism provide an $ 865m windfall for Maduro" 1377:

Ministry of Popular Power for Communication and Information

1272: 387: 265: 162: 6628:"Enfrentamientos y barricadas nuevamente en San Cristóbal" 6498:"Venezuela's Maduro: Fingerprinting at shops is voluntary" 5955:"Maduro government 'occupies' Venezuela electronics chain" 5607:"El pollo es comercializado con sobreprecio de 114 a 231%" 4894:"Venezuela to revalue ailing bolivar currency from June 4" 4059:"Aumento del salario mínimo entra en vigencia este jueves" 3228:"President Maduro brings Venezuela to brink of bankruptcy" 3110:"Fed Up With Venezuela, American Airlines Slashes Flights" 1844:"Primera ofensiva económica trajo más inflación y escasez" 1575:"Chavez leaves Venezuelan economy more equal, less stable" 1486:"Venezuela's April inflation jumps to 5.7 percent: report" 1349:

Despite the displeasure of the system, in an October 2014

411:, declared Venezuela to be in “selective default” and the 6255:"Venezuela seals border with Colombia to fight smuggling" 5835:"11,3% de los venezolanos hace 2 o menos comidas diarias" 5225:"Why you need sackfuls of banknotes to shop in Venezuela" 3537:. International Finance Corporation. 2013. Archived from 2689:"Venezuela's power cut was 'sabotage' – President Maduro" 2251:"Venezuela Goes From Bad to Worse as Oil Prices Plummets" 1993:"Which are the 15 most miserable countries in the world?" 1817:"Decree powers widen Venezuelan president's economic war" 1381:

Ministry of Popular Power for Interior, Justice and Peace

1151: 4472:"Venezuela Bond Default 'Probable' Fitch Downgrade Says" 4336:"Moody's downgrades Venezuela to Caa1; outlook negative" 3930:"VenEconomy: Venezuela's Economy is an Erupting Volcano" 3316:"Venezuela's Asia Tour Backfires as Crude Extends Slump" 2612:"Power cut leaves most of Venezuela without electricity" 182:

production of 33.5%, the lowest levels since the 1980s.

7935:

Law against Fascism, Neofascism and Similar Expressions

6650:"Protestan en San Cristóbal en rechazo al captahuellas" 6550:"Despliegan 17.000 militares para combatir contrabando" 5416:

Sequera, Vivan; Toothaker, Cristopher (17 March 2013).

4230:"Banco Central de Venezuela admite histórica inflación" 2084:"Venezuela, with world's largest reserves, imports oil" 1291: 6059:"Fotos y Video Saqueos y destrozos en Daka – Valencia" 5953:

Cawthorne, Andrew; Rawlins, Carlos (9 November 2013).

5556:"Venezuela seizes another asset: Toilet paper factory" 5444:"Venezuela Takes Dramatic Step Towards Food Rationing" 5122:"Maduro convoca a la Conferencia económica por la paz" 4385: 4383: 3112:. Bloomberg Businessweek. 17 June 2014. Archived from 2815:"China Railway Group's project in Venezuela hits snag" 1728:"Venezuela's government seizes electronic goods shops" 4572:"Venezuelan currency tanks; inflation seen near 100%" 4391:"Fitch Downgrades Venezuela to 'B'; Outlook Negative" 2948:"Toyota Halts Venezuela Production as Car Sales Fall" 2508:"Clínicas del país presentan fallas en 109 productos" 2249:

Boyd, Sebastian; Pitts, Pietro D. (16 October 2014).

7046:"Pobreza en Venezuela alcanzó al 73% de los hogares" 6935: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4294: 3908:"Creating inflation is easy. Just look at Venezuela" 3085:"Airlines keep cutting off Venezuelans from tickets" 3027:. Dow Jones Institutional News – via ProQuest. 1440:(ECLAC) and Luis Pedro España, a sociologist at the 498:

Average monthly car production between 2008 and 2016

209:

Healthcare spending by percentage of Venezuela's GDP

6969:. Gobierno Bolivariano de Venezuela. Archived from 5391:"Venezuelan Default Suggested by Harvard Economist" 5294:"Desempleo se ubicó en 7,9% en enero, según el INE" 5096:"Maduro prepara medidas para combatir la inflación" 5071:"Maduro prepara medidas para combatir la inflación" 4809: 4807: 4380: 4307:Dulaney, Chelsey; Vyas, Kejal (16 September 2014). 3503:"Venezuela's Economic Crisis Catches up With Malls" 2045:"Looking Into the Black Box of Venezuela's Economy" 1787:"Maduro insiste con una nueva "ofensiva económica"" 709: 185: 5198:Ulmer, Alexandra; Pons, Corina (2 December 2014). 4565: 4563: 3226: 3167: 1944:"Amid Rationing, Venezuela Takes The Misery Crown" 1878:"Could Low Oil Prices End Venezuela's Revolution?" 1235: 657:International Monetary Fund: Data & Statistics 336:Comité Local de Abastecimiento y Producción (CLAP) 135: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4291: 4277:"S&P cuts Venezuela credit rating to B-minus" 3035: 3001:(in European Spanish). 2016-06-19. Archived from 2538:"Doctors say Venezuela's health care in collapse" 2505: 2109:"¿Llegó la tarjeta de racionamiento de gasolina?" 1546:"Venezuela's currency: The not-so-strong bolívar" 1089: 8831: 6114: 6112: 6110: 5974: 5952: 5918: 5415: 5191: 4804: 4690:"Parallel dollar freefalls past 700 VEF per USD" 4354: 4077: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3337:El Gamal, Rania; Bakr, Amena (12 January 2015). 644: 457: 6931: 6929: 6576:"Venezuela to close Colombia border each night" 6088:Wallis, Daniel; Ore, Diego (30 December 2013). 5948: 5946: 5639:. El Nuevo Herald. 17 June 2014. Archived from 5437: 5435: 4560: 4205:. AhoraVision. 9 September 2014. Archived from 3954: 3932:. Latin American Herald Tribune. Archived from 3773:"Venezuela in worst recession in over 70 years" 3195:"Goldman buys $ 2.8 billion in Venezuela bonds 2042: 1809: 1540: 1538: 1536: 7014: 7012: 7010: 6883:. El Nacional. 23 October 2014. Archived from 6664: 6288: 6284: 6282: 6280: 6278: 6276: 5826: 5272:"Venezuela's unemployment at 7.2% in February" 4594: 4592: 4323: 4139: 4137: 3955:Weisbrot, Mark; Ray, Rebecca; Sandoval, Luis. 3905: 3445: 3443: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2019:"The 15 Most Miserable Economies in the World" 1675:"Slum Dwellers in Caracas Ask, What Protests?" 7698:Statute Governing the Transition to Democracy 7414:Defense of Human Rights and Civil Society Act 7082: 6875: 6873: 6871: 6697:"Oposición caceroleó contra las captahuellas" 6691: 6689: 6107: 6024: 5914: 5912: 5910: 5908: 5906: 4870:"Maduro anuncia nueva reconversión monetaria" 4409: 4271: 4269: 4083: 3693: 3474: 3472: 3285: 3135: 3133: 3131: 2561: 2559: 2244: 2242: 2038: 2036: 1931: 1871: 1869: 1835: 7038: 6926: 6368:"Maduro anunció un sistema de racionamiento" 6342:"Maduro anunció un sistema de racionamiento" 6334: 6081: 6002: 5943: 5432: 4417:"Fitch Downgrades Venezuela's IDRs to 'CCC'" 3906:Caruso-Cabrera, Michelle (13 October 2014). 3336: 1646: 1640: 1533: 1212:Venezuelans eating from garbage in late 2015 7007: 6273: 6147:"Consecomercio teme reedición del "Dakazo"" 5919:Lezama Aranguren, Erick (9 November 2014). 5338: 4656: 4654: 4625: 4623: 4589: 4491: 4443:"Venezuela Cut Deeper Into Junk by S&P" 4306: 4195: 4134: 3899: 3653:"Scariest Places on the Business Frontiers" 3440: 2657: 2655: 2378: 2345: 2010: 1967: 1909:. Bloomberg. 2 January 2015. Archived from 1572: 1480: 1478: 1222:Encuesta Condiciones de Vida Venezuela 2014 448: 8770:International Criminal Court investigation 8639:Local Committees for Supply and Production 7089: 7075: 6905: 6868: 6699:. El Mundo. 29 August 2014. Archived from 6686: 5903: 5858: 5754: 5660: 5658: 5359: 4508: 4506: 4266: 3469: 3391:"Venezuela Takeover Order Riles Companies" 3128: 3022: 2556: 2506:Fernanda Zambrano, María (19 March 2014). 2239: 2075: 2033: 1866: 1750: 1748: 1589: 1068: 1060: 247:Venezuela's nationwide municipal elections 7018: 6791: 6087: 6056: 6030: 5734:"Venezuela's Latest Woe: Water Shortages" 5686: 5197: 4598: 4017:. International Monetary Fund. April 2014 3980: 3756: 3266:"Ease of Doing Business in Venezuela, RB" 3016: 2248: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1692: 1617: 1296:In an interview with President Maduro by 1141:Empty shelves in a store due to shortages 542:Scariest Places on the Business Frontiers 354: 6955: 6289:Schaefer Muñoz, Sara (22 October 2014). 5921:"La resaca del "dakazo", un año después" 5703: 5553: 5250:"Unemployment rate in Venezuela at 7.6%" 4651: 4620: 3948: 3056: 2945: 2812: 2652: 2193: 2135:"¿Tarjeta de racionamiento de gasolina?" 1990: 1668: 1666: 1595: 1509: 1507: 1475: 1198: 1136: 648: 493: 364:According to a February 2014 article in 204: 54: 7899:Unitary Platform presidential primaries 7599:Presidential campaign of Nicolás Maduro 7096: 6899: 6794:"Polar fustiga uso de las captahuellas" 6725:. NTN24. 28 August 2014. Archived from 6118: 5832: 5806: 5780: 5655: 5318: 5068: 5020:"Banco Central de Venezuela on Twitter" 4569: 4503: 4469: 4143: 3724: 3500: 3286:María Delgado, Antonio (12 June 2017). 2356: 1968:Porzecanski, Katia (11 December 2014). 1745: 1647:Scharfenberg, Ewald (1 February 2015). 1566: 480: 103:In 2014, Venezuela's economy entered a 16:Economics in Venezuela starting in 2013 8832: 7197:Economic policies under Nicolás Maduro 6249: 6247: 6218: 6193: 6057:Rodríguez, Gustavo (9 November 2014). 6031:Cawthorne, Andrew (10 November 2013). 5892:(in European Spanish). 24 January 2018 5520: 5441: 5171: 4174: 3730: 3592: 3082: 2973:"Maduro revive lo que Chávez prohibió" 2565: 2384: 2323: 2297: 2081: 2043:Cristóbal Nagel, Juan (13 July 2015). 1774: 1672: 1623: 1356: 475: 220:University of Caracas Medical Hospital 130: 7781:National Assembly leadership election 7435:Colombian diplomatic/migration crisis 7192:Devaluation of the Venezuelan bolívar 7070: 6818: 6792:Argüelles, Yaileth (28 August 2014). 6474: 5980: 5495:Lopez, Virginia (26 September 2013). 5494: 5366:Lopez, Virginia (26 September 2013). 5365: 4867: 4739: 4660: 4360: 4084:Maria Delgado, Antonio (1 May 2014). 3981:Kurmanaev, Anatoly (9 January 2014). 3624: 3362: 3313: 3224: 3220: 3218: 3165: 2838: 2782: 1875: 1841: 1663: 1504: 1390: 334:On April 3, 2016, Maduro created the 140: 96:and creating widespread shortages of 8755:Enforced disappearances in Venezuela 8554:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas 6906:VÁSQUEZ S., ÁLEX (28 October 2014). 6167: 6119:Paralta, Adriana (7 November 2014). 5981:Lopez, Virginia (15 November 2013). 5731: 5554:Mogollon, Mery (21 September 2013). 5389:Boyd, Sebastian (7 September 2014). 5388: 5172:Chinea, Eyanir (30 September 2014). 4788:Boyd, Sebastian (30 December 2014). 4787: 4767:"Monetary aggregates rising sharply" 4713: 3704: 3363:Ulmer, Alexander (16 January 2015). 3314:Pitts, Pietro D. (16 January 2015). 3192: 2592:. Últimas Noticias. 3 September 2013 2359:"Venezuela raises gas prices 6,200%" 2298:Minaya, Ezequiel (21 October 2014). 1991:Anderson, Elizabeth (3 March 2015). 1673:Neuman, William (28 February 2014). 1292:Rationing and anti-shortage measures 1126: 462: 18: 8567:United Socialist Party of Venezuela 7119:History of Venezuela (1999–present) 6819:Ulmer, Alexandra (29 August 2014). 6244: 6194:Chinea, Eyanir (25 November 2014). 5859:von Bergen, Franz (7 August 2015). 5042: 4943: 4917: 4740:Smith, Geoffrey (2 December 2015). 4470:DeFotis, Dimitra (30 August 2017). 4227: 3731:Franco, Daniela (2 November 2015). 2357:Holodny, Elena (18 February 2016). 1624:Siegel, Robert (25 December 2014). 169:first rise of gas prices since the 13: 7317:III National Assembly of Venezuela 7236:Interventions of political parties 7019:Gallagher, J. J. (25 March 2015). 6475:López, Virginia (21 August 2014). 5833:Cardona, Lisette (23 April 2015). 5472:. 30 December 2013. Archived from 5069:Sanchez, Fabiola (22 April 2014). 4175:Blanco, Dayrí (9 September 2014). 3501:Sanchez, Fabiola (23 April 2014). 3215: 3057:Mogollon, Mery (24 January 2014). 2946:Hagiwara, Yuki (7 February 2014). 2751: 2568:"Venezuela: Economy on the brink?" 2566:Gallas, Daniel (7 December 2015). 2540:. Associated Press. Archived from 2468:. 21 February 2014. Archived from 1385:Libertador Bolivarian Municipality 176: 14: 8856: 7460:IV National Assembly of Venezuela 6967:Instituto Nacional de Estadística 6318:. El-nacional.com. Archived from 6224: 6168:Pons, Corina (13 November 2014). 5781:Usborne, David (9 October 2013). 5687:Atahualpa, Lara (4 August 2014). 4714:Soto, Noris (29 September 2015). 4228:Zea, Sendai (15 September 2014). 3705:Soto, Noris (25 September 2015). 3083:Wilson, Peter (24 January 2014). 2872:. 14 January 2014. Archived from 2194:Buitrago, Deisy (5 August 2014). 2082:Wilson, Peter (2 November 2014). 1903:"New Year's Wishes for Venezuela" 1876:Gupta, Girish (3 November 2014). 1649:"Volver a ser pobre en Venezuela" 1596:Corrales, Javier (7 March 2013). 1442:Universidad Católica Andrés Bello 1320:Tarjeta de Abastecimiento Seguro 725: 504:International Finance Corporation 297: 240: 8785:Political prisoners in Venezuela 7830:V National Assembly of Venezuela 7266:States of emergency in Venezuela 6985: 6838: 6812: 6785: 6763: 6741: 6715: 6642: 6620: 6594: 6568: 6542: 6516: 6490: 6468: 6446: 6420: 6390: 6360: 6308: 6187: 6161: 6149:. El Universal. 10 November 2014 6139: 6050: 5878: 5852: 5807:Ferdman, Roberto (24 May 2013). 5800: 5774: 5748: 5725: 5680: 5629: 5599: 5573: 5547: 5514: 5488: 5458: 5409: 5382: 5312: 5286: 5264: 5242: 5217: 5165: 5140: 5114: 5088: 5062: 5036: 5012: 4988: 4963: 4937: 4911: 4886: 4861: 4835: 4781: 4759: 4733: 4707: 4682: 4661:Ulmer, Alexandra (9 July 2015). 4599:Ellsworth, Brian (21 May 2015). 4532: 4463: 4435: 4244: 4221: 4168: 4108: 3602:. The World Bank. Archived from 3388: 2783:Nunes, Ricardo (30 April 2017). 2324:Miroff, Nick (15 January 2016). 1842:Yapur, Nicolle (24 April 2014). 1312:Tarjeta de Abastecimiento Seguro 1187:. In an October 2014 article by 710:Change of inflation calculations 428: 415:agency declared the state owned 186:Social spending and public works 23: 8665:Organization of American States 8624:Bolivarian Intelligence Service 8549:Union of South American Nations 7109:Protests against Nicolás Maduro 6852:. 13 April 2014. Archived from 6404:. 18 March 2014. Archived from 6293:. Dow Jones & Company Inc. 5613:. 14 April 2014. Archived from 5442:Dreier, Hannah (1 April 2014). 5043:WEB, EL NACIONAL (2018-08-14). 4944:WEB, EL NACIONAL (2018-05-29). 4918:Web, El Nacional (2018-04-29). 4179:. El Carabobeno. Archived from 4051: 4029: 4000: 3974: 3922: 3873: 3851: 3823: 3791: 3765: 3750: 3667: 3645: 3625:Yapur, Nicolle (30 June 2014). 3618: 3556: 3520: 3494: 3415: 3382: 3356: 3330: 3307: 3279: 3186: 3159: 3102: 3076: 3050: 2987: 2965: 2939: 2914: 2888: 2858: 2832: 2813:Han Shih, Toh (11 April 2013). 2806: 2776: 2729: 2707: 2681: 2634:"Power cut paralyses Venezuela" 2626: 2604: 2590:"Apagón afectó al 70% del país" 2582: 2530: 2499: 2484: 2454: 2436: 2420:. 23 March 2015. Archived from 2404: 2385:Blasco, Emili (23 April 2014). 2317: 2291: 2265: 2213: 2187: 2157: 2127: 2101: 2064: 1984: 1961: 1936: 1925: 1895: 1793:. 23 April 2014. Archived from 1720: 359: 280:and other states in Venezuela. 136:Petroleum and natural resources 8587:Agencia Venezolana de Noticias 7733:Death of Rafael Acosta Arévalo 7668:Inauguration of Nicolás Maduro 7114:Venezuelan presidential crisis 6751:. El Universal. 28 August 2014 6652:. El Universal. 25 August 2014 6630:. El Universal. 25 August 2014 6374:. 9 March 2014. Archived from 4977:. Deutsche Welle. 26 July 2018 4361:Bases, Daniel (17 June 2013). 4279:. Al Jazeera. 13 December 2013 4254:. La Patilla. 9 September 2014 4144:Goodman, Joshua (1 May 2015). 4039:. La Patilla. 11 November 2014 3675:"The Legatum Prosperity Index" 3564:"The Legatum Prosperity Index" 1090:Economic growth and production 1052: 758: 554:, Venezuela was ranked as the 439:crisis in Bolivarian Venezuela 194: 92:that is driving high rates of 84:. President Maduro has blamed 1: 8819:Bolivarian Revolution in film 8617:Constituent National Assembly 7930:Detention of Rocío San Miguel 7561:Death of Carlos Andrés García 7534:Constituent Assembly election 7025:The Christian Science Monitor 6910:. El Nacional. Archived from 5521:Castro, Maolis; Vyas, Kejal. 5274:. El Universal. 21 March 2014 5252:. El Universal. 25 March 2013 5153:. International Monetary Fund 4769:. Economist Intelligence Unit 4570:Barnato, Katy (14 May 2015). 3861:. MercoPress. 8 November 2013 3629:. El Nacional. Archived from 3225:Gibbs, Stephen (2017-11-15). 3166:Gibbs, Stephen (2017-05-30). 2839:Deniz, Roberto (4 May 2014). 1700:"Mr. Maduro in His Labyrinth" 1598:"The House That Chavez Built" 1469: 1220:According to a survey titled 1117: 645:Consumer prices and inflation 458:Nationalization of industries 218:In February 2014, doctors at 82:current protests in Venezuela 70:of existing economic policies 8730:National Assembly (majority) 7743:Death of Juan Carlos Márquez 7718:Disappearance of Gilber Caro 7713:Detention of Roberto Marrero 7430:Detention of Antonio Ledezma 6773:. La Patilla. 26 August 2014 6674:. La Patilla. 28 August 2014 6123:. PanAm Post. Archived from 6012:. EuroNews. 12 November 2013 5757:"Venezuela's surreal prices" 5319:Bremmer, Ian (19 May 2016). 3804:. World Bank. Archived from 2975:. La Patilla. 4 January 2014 2171:. 2 May 2014. Archived from 2141:. 2 May 2014. Archived from 1573:Kevin Voigt (6 March 2013). 1436:Estimates of poverty by the 1424:Asdrúbal Oliveros, economist 341: 7: 8678:Democratic Unity Roundtable 8607:Supreme Tribunal of Justice 8577:People's Electoral Movement 7629:Detention of Juan Requesens 7519:Caracas helicopter incident 7409:Detention of Leopoldo López 7297:Colombian diplomatic crisis 7246:Refugee crisis and diaspora 6796:. La Verdad. Archived from 5732:Vyas, Kejal (8 July 2014). 5393:. Bloomberg. Archived from 1447: 1148:Bank of America Corporation 1100:International Monetary Fund 754: 10: 8861: 8612:National Electoral Council 7483:Recall referendum movement 4868:López, Abel (2018-03-22). 3482:. Infobae. 23 October 2014 3193:Vyas, Kejal (2017-05-28). 1408: 1245: 1130: 283: 198: 8803: 8765:Human rights in Venezuela 8747: 8657: 8629:Bolivarian National Guard 8541: 8534: 8314: 8103: 8096: 8031: 8015: 7986: 7979: 7922: 7881: 7873:Recall referendum project 7860: 7839: 7773: 7723:30 April uprising attempt 7673:Venezuela TPS Act of 2019 7660: 7647:Tumeremo massacre (third) 7586: 7496: 7478:Tumeremo massacre (first) 7470: 7422: 7384: 7353: 7327: 7289: 7261:State-sponsored terrorism 7139: 7132: 7104: 5736:. The Wall Street Journal 4340:Moody's Investors Service 4311:. The Wall Street Journal 1395: 1259:President Nicolas Maduro 1194: 744:Moody's Investors Service 546:Zurich Financial Services 311:Central Bank of Venezuela 32:This article needs to be 8713:Movimiento al Socialismo 8597:Venezolana de Televisión 7940:Bulla Loca mine disaster 7683:Humanitarian aid mission 7652:2018 protests (timeline) 7642:Murder of Fernando Albán 7609:Panama diplomatic crisis 7556:Attack on Fort Paramacay 7529:National Assembly attack 7504:Detention of Gilber Caro 7488:2016 protests (timeline) 7445:2015 protests (timeline) 5755:Garcia Rawlins, Carols. 5000:www.noticierodigital.com 4874:El Nacional (in Spanish) 4008:"World Economic Outlook" 3655:. Bloomberg. 2 July 2014 2819:South China Morning Post 2739:. Runrunes. 16 June 2014 2570:. BBC News Latin America 1948:Investors Business Daily 1454:2014 Venezuelan protests 1332:MUD opposition coalition 512:Legatum Prosperity Index 449:International assistance 306:nearly US$ 500 million. 201:Health care in Venezuela 78:large shortages of goods 7950:international reactions 7909:Guyana–Venezuela crisis 7703:Murder of Alí Domínguez 7302:Death of Franklin Brito 7227:International sanctions 7177:Crimes against humanity 6456:. Runrunes. 23 May 2014 6295:The Wall Street Journal 5527:The Wall Street Journal 3395:The Wall Street Journal 3197:The Wall Street Journal 2737:"Runrunes El Universal" 2614:. BBC. 4 September 2013 2304:The Wall Street Journal 1069:Currency redenomination 1061:National cryptocurrency 661:CIA: The World Factbook 639: 614: 565: 517: 489: 443:large waves of protests 348:The Wall Street Journal 329: 68:continued the majority 8634:Mission Barrio Adentro 7980:Deaths during protests 7826:Parliamentary election 7821:Detention of Alex Saab 7748:Murder of Edmundo Rada 7455:Parliamentary election 7312:Parliamentary election 6995:. Infobae. 1 July 2014 3573:. 2013. Archived from 2717:. BBC. 8 February 2016 1421: 1371:However, according to 1256: 1213: 1142: 1133:Shortages in Venezuela 1104:World Economic Outlook 760:Parallel dollar rates 664: 659:(1980–2008, 2015) and 575: 499: 355:International policies 215: 64:When elected in 2013, 61: 8790:Revolving door effect 7945:Presidential election 7796:Barquisimeto shooting 7738:Attack of Rufo Chacón 7634:Economic reforms and 7614:Presidential election 7514:Mother of All Marches 7509:Constitutional crisis 7366:Presidential election 7340:Presidential election 7206:Zulia energy collapse 7157:Bolivarian Revolution 6372:La Voz 901(Argentina) 3799:"Doing Business 2016" 3600:"Doing Business 2014" 3042:"The party is over". 1413: 1252: 1211: 1140: 1131:Further information: 716:Laspeyres price index 652: 634:humanitarian disaster 570: 497: 409:Standard & Poor's 274:radioactive materials 208: 58: 8845:Economy of Venezuela 8795:Torture in Venezuela 8723:Agreement for Change 8603:State organizations 8562:Great Patriotic Pole 8367:María Corina Machado 8044:Juan Pablo Pernalete 7967:Widespread blackouts 7786:Death of Addy Valero 7728:Acarigua prison riot 7708:Widespread blackouts 7624:Caracas drone attack 7450:Narcosobrinos affair 7361:Death of Hugo Chávez 7281:Coronavirus pandemic 6963:"Sociales – Pobreza" 4183:on 23 September 2015 1459:Economy of Venezuela 1415:The Romanian writer 1241:Merry Christmas Plan 481:Business environment 8840:Crisis in Venezuela 8718:Progressive Advance 8644:Carnet de la Patria 7914:El Palito oil spill 7889:Anti-Solidarity Law 7816:El Palito oil spill 7806:Guanare prison riot 7619:El Paraíso stampede 7551:Municipal elections 7376:Municipal elections 7212:Human rights abuses 7152:Bolivarian missions 7098:Crisis in Venezuela 6729:on 3 September 2014 6703:on 4 September 2014 6408:on 3 September 2014 6322:on 24 February 2014 6127:on 22 November 2014 6069:on 12 November 2014 5931:on 12 November 2014 5587:. 21 September 2013 5397:on 8 September 2014 5075:Metro (Puerto Rico) 4520:. 26 September 2014 3887:. 18 September 2013 3836:The Washington Post 3811:on 16 November 2015 3606:on February 6, 2015 3147:. 20 September 2014 3025:Wall Street Journal 2876:on January 15, 2014 2667:The Huffington Post 2544:on 26 February 2014 2472:on 28 February 2014 2331:The Washington Post 1907:The Washington Post 1464:Crisis in Venezuela 1357:Government spending 1351:Wall Street Journal 1342:, the president of 1266:consumer electronic 761: 736:Standard and Poor's 625:The Washington Post 621:Doing Business 2016 588:Doing Business 2015 532:Doing Business 2014 508:Doing Business 2013 476:Economic indicators 291:The Washington Post 131:Government policies 109:Global Misery Index 72:of his predecessor 8804:In popular culture 8775:Orinoco Mining Arc 8674:Political parties 8558:Political parties 8332:C. Alcalá Cordones 8191:C. Alcalá Cordones 7894:Barbados Agreement 7693:Venezuela Aid Live 7566:Law against Hatred 7546:Regional elections 7345:Regional elections 7271:Catatumbo campaign 7251:Resource shortages 7222:Illegal drug trade 7052:. 20 November 2015 6942:Bloomberg Business 6887:on 24 October 2014 6206:on 5 December 2014 5476:on January 4, 2014 5100:El Salvador (News) 4849:. 24 November 2016 4823:. 28 November 2016 4720:Bloomberg Business 4548:. 25 February 2015 4423:. 18 December 2014 4342:. 16 December 2013 3936:on 20 October 2014 3839:. 11 February 2016 3711:Bloomberg Business 3046:. 1 February 2014. 2640:. 4 September 2013 2495:. 1 February 2014. 2227:. 3 September 2014 1823:. 20 November 2013 1705:The New York Times 1679:The New York Times 1554:. 11 February 2013 1391:Income and poverty 1214: 1143: 1032:The growth in the 765:Date first reached 759: 720:Fisher price index 665: 500: 216: 141:Petroleum industry 62: 8827: 8826: 8743: 8742: 8693:Democratic Action 8530: 8529: 8092: 8091: 8049:Armando Cañizales 7975: 7974: 7801:COVID-19 pandemic 7753:Operación Alacrán 7124:COVID-19 pandemic 6800:on 31 August 2014 5890:www.lapatilla.com 5560:Los Angeles Times 5446:. Huffington Post 5420:. Huffington Post 5148:"IMF Data Mapper" 3779:. 2 November 2015 3571:Legatum Institute 3063:Los Angeles Times 2695:. 4 December 2013 2669:. 2 December 2013 2279:. 17 October 2014 1708:. 26 January 2015 1209: 1127:Food and products 1030: 1029: 831:29 September 2015 775:26 September 2014 630:economic collapse 609:Capital Economics 463:Food distribution 380:American Airlines 309:In May 2014, the 53: 52: 8852: 8539: 8538: 8211:V. Padrino López 8181:C. Mata Figueroa 8176:N. Maduro Guerra 8135:arrested in 2024 8101: 8100: 8079:David Vallenilla 7984: 7983: 7960:political crisis 7811:Operation Gideon 7594:El Junquito raid 7256:State protectors 7137: 7136: 7091: 7084: 7077: 7068: 7067: 7062: 7061: 7059: 7057: 7042: 7036: 7035: 7033: 7031: 7016: 7005: 7004: 7002: 7000: 6989: 6983: 6982: 6980: 6978: 6959: 6953: 6952: 6950: 6948: 6933: 6924: 6923: 6921: 6919: 6903: 6897: 6896: 6894: 6892: 6877: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6856:on 15 April 2014 6842: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6831: 6816: 6810: 6809: 6807: 6805: 6789: 6783: 6782: 6780: 6778: 6767: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6719: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6693: 6684: 6683: 6681: 6679: 6668: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6646: 6640: 6639: 6637: 6635: 6624: 6618: 6617: 6615: 6613: 6598: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6572: 6566: 6565: 6563: 6561: 6556:. 11 August 2014 6546: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6530:. 29 August 2014 6520: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6509: 6504:. 26 August 2014 6494: 6488: 6487: 6485: 6483: 6472: 6466: 6465: 6463: 6461: 6450: 6444: 6443: 6441: 6439: 6424: 6418: 6417: 6415: 6413: 6402:Últimas Noticias 6394: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6364: 6358: 6357: 6355: 6353: 6338: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6312: 6306: 6305: 6303: 6301: 6286: 6271: 6270: 6268: 6266: 6261:. 12 August 2014 6251: 6242: 6241: 6239: 6237: 6222: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6202:. 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Archived from 4150:Associated Press 4141: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4112: 4106: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4092:. Archived from 4081: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4033: 4027: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4012: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3961: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3926: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3903: 3897: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3877: 3871: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3855: 3849: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3827: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3810: 3803: 3795: 3789: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3769: 3763: 3762: 3759:Business Insider 3754: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3702: 3691: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3649: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3622: 3616: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3579: 3568: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3543: 3532: 3528:"Doing Business" 3524: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3476: 3467: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3447: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3434: 3419: 3413: 3412: 3410: 3409: 3386: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3360: 3354: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3343:Business Insider 3334: 3328: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3283: 3277: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3262: 3251: 3250: 3248: 3247: 3230: 3222: 3213: 3212: 3210: 3209: 3190: 3184: 3183: 3181: 3180: 3171: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3137: 3126: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3116:on June 18, 2014 3106: 3100: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3054: 3048: 3047: 3039: 3033: 3028: 3020: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3010: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2969: 2963: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2918: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2900:Venezuela Al Dia 2892: 2886: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2862: 2856: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2836: 2830: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2810: 2804: 2803: 2801: 2800: 2791:. 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Archived from 2503: 2497: 2496: 2488: 2482: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2458: 2452: 2451: 2440: 2434: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2424:on 10 April 2015 2408: 2402: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2391:ABC News (Spain) 2382: 2376: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2364:Business Insider 2354: 2343: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2321: 2315: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2295: 2289: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2269: 2263: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2246: 2237: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2191: 2185: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2131: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2105: 2099: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2079: 2073: 2068: 2062: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2040: 2031: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2014: 2008: 2007: 2005: 2003: 1988: 1982: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1965: 1959: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1940: 1934: 1933: 1929: 1923: 1922: 1920: 1918: 1899: 1893: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1873: 1864: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1854:on 24 April 2014 1850:. Archived from 1839: 1833: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1813: 1807: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1783: 1772: 1771: 1769: 1767: 1752: 1743: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1724: 1718: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1696: 1690: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1670: 1661: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1644: 1638: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1621: 1615: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1593: 1587: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1570: 1564: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1542: 1531: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1511: 1502: 1501: 1499: 1497: 1482: 1425: 1316:loyalty programs 1308:Diosdado Cabello 1260: 1210: 1076:bolívar soberano 991:29 November 2017 983:20 November 2017 975:17 November 2017 967:15 November 2017 959:10 November 2017 935:7 September 2017 879:30 November 2016 871:29 November 2016 863:21 November 2016 823:2 September 2015 783:25 February 2015 762: 732:investment grade 582: 581:, September 2015 548:and reported by 233:Associated Press 48: 45: 39: 27: 26: 19: 8860: 8859: 8855: 8854: 8853: 8851: 8850: 8849: 8830: 8829: 8828: 8823: 8799: 8739: 8698:Un Nuevo Tiempo 8653: 8526: 8310: 8231:H. Rangel Silva 8088: 8064:Orlando Figuera 8054:Miguel Castillo 8027: 8011: 8007:Geraldin Moreno 8002:Génesis Carmona 7994:Bassil Da Costa 7971: 7918: 7877: 7856: 7835: 7769: 7656: 7582: 7492: 7466: 7440:Resolution 8610 7418: 7380: 7349: 7323: 7285: 7147:Economic crisis 7128: 7100: 7095: 7065: 7055: 7053: 7044: 7043: 7039: 7029: 7027: 7017: 7008: 6998: 6996: 6991: 6990: 6986: 6976: 6974: 6973:on 27 July 2012 6961: 6960: 6956: 6946: 6944: 6934: 6927: 6917: 6915: 6914:on 12 July 2014 6904: 6900: 6890: 6888: 6879: 6878: 6869: 6859: 6857: 6850:El Nuevo Herald 6844: 6843: 6839: 6829: 6827: 6817: 6813: 6803: 6801: 6790: 6786: 6776: 6774: 6769: 6768: 6764: 6754: 6752: 6747: 6746: 6742: 6732: 6730: 6721: 6720: 6716: 6706: 6704: 6695: 6694: 6687: 6677: 6675: 6670: 6669: 6665: 6655: 6653: 6648: 6647: 6643: 6633: 6631: 6626: 6625: 6621: 6611: 6609: 6608:. 9 August 2014 6600: 6599: 6595: 6585: 6583: 6582:. 9 August 2014 6574: 6573: 6569: 6559: 6557: 6548: 6547: 6543: 6533: 6531: 6522: 6521: 6517: 6507: 6505: 6496: 6495: 6491: 6481: 6479: 6473: 6469: 6459: 6457: 6452: 6451: 6447: 6437: 6435: 6434:. 16 March 2014 6426: 6425: 6421: 6411: 6409: 6396: 6395: 6391: 6381: 6379: 6378:on 9 March 2014 6366: 6365: 6361: 6351: 6349: 6340: 6339: 6335: 6325: 6323: 6314: 6313: 6309: 6299: 6297: 6287: 6274: 6264: 6262: 6253: 6252: 6245: 6235: 6233: 6225:Milne, Seumas. 6223: 6219: 6209: 6207: 6192: 6188: 6178: 6176: 6166: 6162: 6152: 6150: 6145: 6144: 6140: 6130: 6128: 6117: 6108: 6098: 6096: 6086: 6082: 6072: 6070: 6055: 6051: 6041: 6039: 6029: 6025: 6015: 6013: 6008: 6007: 6003: 5993: 5991: 5979: 5975: 5965: 5963: 5951: 5944: 5934: 5932: 5917: 5904: 5895: 5893: 5884: 5883: 5879: 5869: 5867: 5865:Fox News Latino 5857: 5853: 5843: 5841: 5831: 5827: 5817: 5815: 5805: 5801: 5791: 5789: 5779: 5775: 5765: 5763: 5753: 5749: 5739: 5737: 5730: 5726: 5716: 5714: 5709: 5708: 5704: 5694: 5692: 5685: 5681: 5671: 5669: 5664: 5663: 5656: 5646: 5644: 5643:on 19 June 2014 5635: 5634: 5630: 5620: 5618: 5605: 5604: 5600: 5590: 5588: 5579: 5578: 5574: 5564: 5562: 5552: 5548: 5539: 5537: 5519: 5515: 5505: 5503: 5493: 5489: 5479: 5477: 5464: 5463: 5459: 5449: 5447: 5440: 5433: 5423: 5421: 5414: 5410: 5400: 5398: 5387: 5383: 5373: 5371: 5364: 5360: 5350: 5348: 5344: 5343: 5339: 5329: 5327: 5317: 5313: 5303: 5301: 5300:. 13 March 2015 5292: 5291: 5287: 5277: 5275: 5270: 5269: 5265: 5255: 5253: 5248: 5247: 5243: 5234: 5232: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5208: 5206: 5196: 5192: 5182: 5180: 5170: 5166: 5156: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5145: 5141: 5131: 5129: 5128:. 23 April 2014 5120: 5119: 5115: 5105: 5103: 5102:. 23 April 2014 5094: 5093: 5089: 5079: 5077: 5067: 5063: 5054: 5052: 5041: 5037: 5028: 5026: 5018: 5017: 5013: 5004: 5002: 4994: 4993: 4989: 4980: 4978: 4969: 4968: 4964: 4955: 4953: 4942: 4938: 4929: 4927: 4916: 4912: 4903: 4901: 4892: 4891: 4887: 4878: 4876: 4866: 4862: 4852: 4850: 4841: 4840: 4836: 4826: 4824: 4813: 4812: 4805: 4795: 4793: 4786: 4782: 4772: 4770: 4765: 4764: 4760: 4750: 4748: 4738: 4734: 4724: 4722: 4712: 4708: 4698: 4696: 4694:Focus Economics 4688: 4687: 4683: 4673: 4671: 4659: 4652: 4642: 4640: 4629: 4628: 4621: 4611: 4609: 4597: 4590: 4580: 4578: 4568: 4561: 4551: 4549: 4538: 4537: 4533: 4523: 4521: 4512: 4511: 4504: 4496: 4492: 4482: 4480: 4468: 4464: 4454: 4452: 4441: 4440: 4436: 4426: 4424: 4415: 4414: 4410: 4400: 4398: 4397:. 25 March 2014 4389: 4388: 4381: 4371: 4369: 4359: 4355: 4345: 4343: 4334: 4333: 4324: 4314: 4312: 4305: 4292: 4282: 4280: 4275: 4274: 4267: 4257: 4255: 4250: 4249: 4245: 4235: 4233: 4226: 4222: 4212: 4210: 4209:on 4 March 2016 4201: 4200: 4196: 4186: 4184: 4173: 4169: 4159: 4157: 4156:on May 18, 2015 4142: 4135: 4125: 4123: 4122:. 30 April 2014 4114: 4113: 4109: 4099: 4097: 4090:El Nuevo Herald 4082: 4078: 4068: 4066: 4065:. 30 April 2014 4057: 4056: 4052: 4042: 4040: 4035: 4034: 4030: 4020: 4018: 4010: 4006: 4005: 4001: 3991: 3989: 3979: 3975: 3965: 3963: 3959: 3953: 3949: 3939: 3937: 3928: 3927: 3923: 3913: 3911: 3904: 3900: 3890: 3888: 3879: 3878: 3874: 3864: 3862: 3857: 3856: 3852: 3842: 3840: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3814: 3812: 3808: 3801: 3797: 3796: 3792: 3782: 3780: 3777:Financial Times 3771: 3770: 3766: 3755: 3751: 3741: 3739: 3729: 3725: 3715: 3713: 3703: 3694: 3684: 3682: 3673: 3672: 3668: 3658: 3656: 3651: 3650: 3646: 3636: 3634: 3623: 3619: 3609: 3607: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3583: 3581: 3577: 3566: 3562: 3561: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3530: 3526: 3525: 3521: 3511: 3509: 3499: 3495: 3485: 3483: 3478: 3477: 3470: 3460: 3458: 3449: 3448: 3441: 3432: 3430: 3427:Fox News Latino 3421: 3420: 3416: 3407: 3405: 3387: 3383: 3373: 3371: 3361: 3357: 3347: 3345: 3335: 3331: 3321: 3319: 3312: 3308: 3298: 3296: 3293:El Nuevo Herald 3284: 3280: 3270: 3268: 3264: 3263: 3254: 3245: 3243: 3223: 3216: 3207: 3205: 3191: 3187: 3178: 3176: 3164: 3160: 3150: 3148: 3139: 3138: 3129: 3119: 3117: 3108: 3107: 3103: 3093: 3091: 3081: 3077: 3067: 3065: 3055: 3051: 3041: 3040: 3036: 3029:Also available 3021: 3017: 3008: 3006: 2993: 2992: 2988: 2978: 2976: 2971: 2970: 2966: 2956: 2954: 2944: 2940: 2930: 2928: 2920: 2919: 2915: 2905: 2903: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2879: 2877: 2864: 2863: 2859: 2849: 2847: 2837: 2833: 2823: 2821: 2811: 2807: 2798: 2796: 2781: 2777: 2768: 2766: 2763:Fox News Latino 2757: 2756: 2752: 2742: 2740: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2720: 2718: 2713: 2712: 2708: 2698: 2696: 2687: 2686: 2682: 2672: 2670: 2661: 2660: 2653: 2643: 2641: 2632: 2631: 2627: 2617: 2615: 2610: 2609: 2605: 2595: 2593: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2573: 2571: 2564: 2557: 2547: 2545: 2536: 2535: 2531: 2521: 2519: 2504: 2500: 2490: 2489: 2485: 2475: 2473: 2460: 2459: 2455: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2427: 2425: 2410: 2409: 2405: 2395: 2393: 2383: 2379: 2369: 2367: 2355: 2346: 2336: 2334: 2322: 2318: 2308: 2306: 2296: 2292: 2282: 2280: 2271: 2270: 2266: 2256: 2254: 2247: 2240: 2230: 2228: 2219: 2218: 2214: 2204: 2202: 2192: 2188: 2178: 2176: 2163: 2162: 2158: 2148: 2146: 2133: 2132: 2128: 2118: 2116: 2107: 2106: 2102: 2092: 2090: 2080: 2076: 2069: 2065: 2055: 2053: 2041: 2034: 2024: 2022: 2015: 2011: 2001: 1999: 1989: 1985: 1975: 1973: 1966: 1962: 1952: 1950: 1942: 1941: 1937: 1930: 1926: 1916: 1914: 1913:on 4 March 2016 1901: 1900: 1896: 1886: 1884: 1874: 1867: 1857: 1855: 1840: 1836: 1826: 1824: 1815: 1814: 1810: 1800: 1798: 1785: 1784: 1775: 1765: 1763: 1762:. 22 April 2014 1754: 1753: 1746: 1736: 1734: 1726: 1725: 1721: 1711: 1709: 1698: 1697: 1693: 1683: 1681: 1671: 1664: 1654: 1652: 1645: 1641: 1631: 1629: 1622: 1618: 1608: 1606: 1594: 1590: 1580: 1578: 1571: 1567: 1557: 1555: 1544: 1543: 1534: 1524: 1522: 1521:. 26 March 2014 1513: 1512: 1505: 1495: 1493: 1484: 1483: 1476: 1472: 1450: 1427: 1423: 1411: 1398: 1393: 1362:El Nuevo Herald 1359: 1340:Lorenzo Mendoza 1294: 1262: 1258: 1250: 1244: 1199: 1197: 1135: 1129: 1120: 1092: 1071: 1063: 1055: 1015:18 January 2018 999:1 December 2017 951:23 October 2017 943:13 October 2017 855:31 October 2016 847:3 February 2016 839:1 December 2015 769: 757: 728: 712: 703:El Nuevo Herald 654: 647: 642: 617: 584: 577: 568: 559:emerging market 520: 492: 483: 478: 465: 460: 451: 431: 396:United Airlines 362: 357: 346:In March 2019, 344: 332: 300: 286: 252:According to a 243: 210: 203: 197: 188: 179: 177:Other resources 143: 138: 133: 49: 43: 40: 37: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8858: 8848: 8847: 8842: 8825: 8824: 8822: 8821: 8816: 8807: 8805: 8801: 8800: 8798: 8797: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8751: 8749: 8745: 8744: 8741: 8740: 8738: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8726: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8703:Come Venezuela 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8672: 8667: 8661: 8659: 8655: 8654: 8652: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8620: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8601: 8600: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8583:Media outlets 8581: 8580: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8556: 8551: 8545: 8543: 8536: 8532: 8531: 8528: 8527: 8525: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8498: 8497: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8363: 8362: 8357:Rafael Ramírez 8354: 8353: 8352: 8347:L. Ortega Díaz 8344: 8339: 8338: 8337: 8329: 8324: 8318: 8316: 8312: 8311: 8309: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8287: 8286: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8222: 8221: 8213: 8208: 8207: 8206: 8201:L. Ortega Díaz 8198: 8197: 8196: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8137: 8136: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8111:Nicolás Maduro 8107: 8105: 8098: 8094: 8093: 8090: 8089: 8087: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8035: 8033: 8029: 8028: 8026: 8025: 8019: 8017: 8013: 8012: 8010: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7996: 7990: 7988: 7981: 7977: 7976: 7973: 7972: 7970: 7969: 7964: 7963: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7926: 7924: 7920: 7919: 7917: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7885: 7883: 7879: 7878: 7876: 7875: 7870: 7868:Arauca clashes 7864: 7862: 7858: 7857: 7855: 7854: 7849: 7843: 7841: 7837: 7836: 7834: 7833: 7832: 7831: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7777: 7775: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7767: 7766: 7765: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7664: 7662: 7658: 7657: 7655: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7590: 7588: 7584: 7583: 7581: 7580: 7579: 7578: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7542: 7541: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7500: 7498: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7474: 7472: 7468: 7467: 7465: 7464: 7463: 7462: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7426: 7424: 7420: 7419: 7417: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7405: 7404: 7394: 7388: 7386: 7382: 7381: 7379: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7357: 7355: 7351: 7350: 7348: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7331: 7329: 7325: 7324: 7322: 7321: 7320: 7319: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7293: 7291: 7287: 7286: 7284: 7283: 7278: 7276:Pemon conflict 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7231:U.S. sanctions 7224: 7219: 7217:Hyperinflation 7214: 7209: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7143: 7141: 7134: 7130: 7129: 7127: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7105: 7102: 7101: 7094: 7093: 7086: 7079: 7071: 7064: 7063: 7037: 7006: 6984: 6954: 6925: 6898: 6867: 6837: 6811: 6784: 6762: 6740: 6714: 6685: 6663: 6641: 6619: 6593: 6567: 6541: 6515: 6489: 6467: 6445: 6419: 6389: 6359: 6348:. 8 March 2014 6333: 6307: 6272: 6259:AFP/Yahoo News 6243: 6217: 6186: 6160: 6138: 6106: 6080: 6049: 6023: 6001: 5973: 5942: 5902: 5877: 5851: 5825: 5799: 5773: 5747: 5724: 5702: 5679: 5654: 5628: 5617:on 3 July 2015 5598: 5572: 5546: 5513: 5487: 5457: 5431: 5408: 5381: 5370:. The Guardian 5358: 5337: 5311: 5285: 5263: 5241: 5216: 5190: 5164: 5139: 5113: 5087: 5061: 5035: 5011: 4987: 4962: 4936: 4910: 4885: 4860: 4834: 4803: 4780: 4758: 4732: 4706: 4681: 4650: 4619: 4588: 4559: 4531: 4502: 4490: 4462: 4451:. 11 July 2017 4434: 4408: 4379: 4353: 4322: 4290: 4265: 4243: 4220: 4194: 4167: 4133: 4107: 4076: 4050: 4028: 3999: 3973: 3947: 3921: 3898: 3872: 3850: 3822: 3790: 3764: 3749: 3723: 3692: 3679:prosperity.com 3666: 3644: 3633:on 3 July 2014 3617: 3591: 3580:on 8 July 2014 3555: 3544:on 30 May 2014 3519: 3493: 3468: 3439: 3414: 3381: 3355: 3329: 3306: 3278: 3252: 3214: 3185: 3158: 3127: 3101: 3075: 3049: 3034: 3015: 2986: 2964: 2938: 2913: 2887: 2857: 2831: 2805: 2795:on May 1, 2017 2775: 2750: 2728: 2706: 2680: 2651: 2625: 2603: 2581: 2555: 2529: 2498: 2483: 2453: 2435: 2403: 2377: 2344: 2316: 2290: 2264: 2238: 2212: 2186: 2156: 2126: 2100: 2074: 2063: 2050:Foreign Policy 2032: 2009: 1983: 1960: 1935: 1924: 1894: 1882:The New Yorker 1865: 1834: 1808: 1773: 1744: 1719: 1691: 1662: 1639: 1616: 1603:Foreign Policy 1588: 1565: 1532: 1503: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1467: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1449: 1446: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1364:reported that 1358: 1355: 1344:Empresas Polar 1293: 1290: 1251: 1246:Main article: 1243: 1234: 1196: 1193: 1181:global warming 1128: 1125: 1119: 1116: 1091: 1088: 1070: 1067: 1062: 1059: 1054: 1051: 1028: 1027: 1024: 1020: 1019: 1016: 1012: 1011: 1008: 1007:9 January 2018 1004: 1003: 1000: 996: 995: 992: 988: 987: 984: 980: 979: 976: 972: 971: 968: 964: 963: 960: 956: 955: 952: 948: 947: 944: 940: 939: 936: 932: 931: 928: 924: 923: 920: 916: 915: 912: 908: 907: 904: 900: 899: 896: 892: 891: 888: 884: 883: 880: 876: 875: 872: 868: 867: 864: 860: 859: 856: 852: 851: 848: 844: 843: 840: 836: 835: 832: 828: 827: 824: 820: 819: 816: 812: 811: 808: 804: 803: 800: 796: 795: 792: 788: 787: 784: 780: 779: 776: 772: 771: 766: 756: 753: 727: 726:Credit ratings 724: 711: 708: 694:Cato Institute 690:Steve H. Hanke 669:hyperinflation 646: 643: 641: 638: 616: 613: 569: 567: 564: 537:Foreign Policy 519: 516: 491: 488: 482: 479: 477: 474: 464: 461: 459: 456: 450: 447: 430: 427: 361: 358: 356: 353: 343: 340: 331: 328: 319:General Motors 299: 298:Transportation 296: 285: 282: 242: 241:Infrastructure 239: 199:Main article: 196: 193: 187: 184: 178: 175: 155:Rafael Ramirez 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 66:Nicolás Maduro 51: 50: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8857: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8820: 8817: 8814: 8813: 8809: 8808: 8806: 8802: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8760:Guaire miners 8758: 8756: 8753: 8752: 8750: 8746: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8688:Justice First 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8675: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8662: 8660: 8656: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8604: 8602: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8584: 8582: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8559: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8546: 8544: 8540: 8537: 8535:Organizations 8533: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8517:J. P. Guanipa 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8495: 8494: 8493: 8492:M. C. Figuera 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8467:V. S. Scarano 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8427:Pérez Álvarez 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8360: 8359: 8358: 8355: 8350: 8349: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8335: 8334: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8319: 8317: 8313: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8284: 8283: 8282: 8281:M. C. Figuera 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8219: 8218: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8204: 8203: 8202: 8199: 8194: 8193: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8134: 8133: 8132: 8131:T. El Aissami 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8108: 8106: 8102: 8099: 8095: 8085: 8084:Xiomara Scott 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8074:Fabián Urbina 8072: 8070: 8069:Neomar Lander 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8039:Paola Ramírez 8037: 8036: 8034: 8030: 8024: 8021: 8020: 8018: 8014: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998:Robert Redman 7997: 7995: 7992: 7991: 7989: 7985: 7982: 7978: 7968: 7965: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7947: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7927: 7925: 7921: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7886: 7884: 7880: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7865: 7863: 7859: 7853: 7852:Apure clashes 7850: 7848: 7845: 7844: 7842: 7838: 7829: 7828: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7778: 7776: 7772: 7764: 7761: 7760: 7759: 7758:2019 protests 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7659: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7637: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7604:Valencia fire 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7591: 7589: 7585: 7577: 7574: 7573: 7572: 7571:2017 protests 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7540: 7537: 7536: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7501: 7499: 7495: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7475: 7473: 7469: 7461: 7458: 7457: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7421: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7403: 7400: 7399: 7398: 7397:2014 protests 7395: 7393: 7390: 7389: 7387: 7383: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7358: 7356: 7352: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7335:Amuay tragedy 7333: 7332: 7330: 7326: 7318: 7315: 7314: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7294: 7292: 7288: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7207: 7203: 7202:Energy crisis 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7162:Bolivarianism 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7144: 7142: 7138: 7135: 7131: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7106: 7103: 7099: 7092: 7087: 7085: 7080: 7078: 7073: 7072: 7069: 7051: 7047: 7041: 7026: 7022: 7015: 7013: 7011: 6994: 6988: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6958: 6943: 6939: 6932: 6930: 6913: 6909: 6902: 6886: 6882: 6876: 6874: 6872: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6841: 6826: 6822: 6815: 6799: 6795: 6788: 6772: 6766: 6750: 6744: 6728: 6724: 6718: 6702: 6698: 6692: 6690: 6673: 6667: 6651: 6645: 6629: 6623: 6607: 6603: 6597: 6581: 6577: 6571: 6555: 6551: 6545: 6529: 6525: 6519: 6503: 6499: 6493: 6478: 6471: 6455: 6449: 6433: 6429: 6423: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6393: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6363: 6347: 6343: 6337: 6321: 6317: 6311: 6296: 6292: 6285: 6283: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6260: 6256: 6250: 6248: 6232: 6228: 6221: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6190: 6175: 6171: 6164: 6148: 6142: 6126: 6122: 6115: 6113: 6111: 6095: 6091: 6084: 6068: 6064: 6060: 6053: 6038: 6034: 6027: 6011: 6005: 5990: 5989: 5984: 5977: 5962: 5961: 5956: 5949: 5947: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5915: 5913: 5911: 5909: 5907: 5891: 5887: 5881: 5866: 5862: 5855: 5840: 5836: 5829: 5814: 5810: 5803: 5788: 5784: 5777: 5762: 5758: 5751: 5735: 5728: 5712: 5706: 5690: 5683: 5667: 5661: 5659: 5642: 5638: 5632: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5602: 5586: 5582: 5576: 5561: 5557: 5550: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5517: 5502: 5498: 5491: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5461: 5445: 5438: 5436: 5419: 5412: 5396: 5392: 5385: 5369: 5362: 5347: 5341: 5326: 5322: 5315: 5299: 5295: 5289: 5273: 5267: 5251: 5245: 5230: 5226: 5220: 5205: 5201: 5194: 5179: 5175: 5168: 5149: 5143: 5127: 5123: 5117: 5101: 5097: 5091: 5076: 5072: 5065: 5050: 5046: 5039: 5025: 5021: 5015: 5001: 4997: 4991: 4976: 4972: 4966: 4951: 4947: 4940: 4925: 4921: 4914: 4899: 4895: 4889: 4875: 4871: 4864: 4848: 4844: 4838: 4822: 4821: 4816: 4810: 4808: 4791: 4784: 4768: 4762: 4747: 4743: 4736: 4721: 4717: 4710: 4695: 4691: 4685: 4670: 4669: 4664: 4657: 4655: 4639:. 3 July 2015 4638: 4637: 4632: 4626: 4624: 4608: 4607: 4602: 4595: 4593: 4577: 4573: 4566: 4564: 4547: 4546: 4541: 4535: 4519: 4515: 4509: 4507: 4499: 4494: 4479: 4478: 4473: 4466: 4450: 4449: 4448:Bloomberg.com 4444: 4438: 4422: 4418: 4412: 4396: 4392: 4386: 4384: 4368: 4364: 4357: 4341: 4337: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4310: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4278: 4272: 4270: 4253: 4247: 4232:. Pan Am Post 4231: 4224: 4208: 4204: 4198: 4182: 4178: 4171: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4140: 4138: 4121: 4117: 4111: 4096:on 2 May 2014 4095: 4091: 4087: 4080: 4064: 4060: 4054: 4038: 4032: 4016: 4009: 4003: 3988: 3984: 3977: 3958: 3951: 3935: 3931: 3925: 3909: 3902: 3886: 3882: 3876: 3860: 3854: 3838: 3837: 3832: 3826: 3807: 3800: 3794: 3778: 3774: 3768: 3760: 3753: 3738: 3734: 3727: 3712: 3708: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3680: 3676: 3670: 3654: 3648: 3632: 3628: 3621: 3605: 3601: 3595: 3576: 3572: 3565: 3559: 3540: 3536: 3529: 3523: 3508: 3504: 3497: 3481: 3475: 3473: 3456: 3452: 3446: 3444: 3428: 3424: 3418: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3389:Vyas, Kejal. 3385: 3370: 3366: 3359: 3344: 3340: 3333: 3317: 3310: 3295: 3294: 3289: 3282: 3267: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3229: 3221: 3219: 3204: 3200: 3198: 3189: 3175: 3170: 3162: 3146: 3145:The Economist 3142: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3115: 3111: 3105: 3090: 3086: 3079: 3064: 3060: 3053: 3045: 3044:The Economist 3038: 3032: 3026: 3019: 3005:on 2018-03-27 3004: 3000: 2996: 2990: 2974: 2968: 2953: 2949: 2942: 2927: 2923: 2917: 2902:. 16 May 2014 2901: 2897: 2891: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2861: 2846: 2842: 2835: 2820: 2816: 2809: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2779: 2764: 2760: 2754: 2738: 2732: 2716: 2710: 2694: 2690: 2684: 2668: 2664: 2658: 2656: 2639: 2635: 2629: 2613: 2607: 2591: 2585: 2569: 2562: 2560: 2543: 2539: 2533: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2502: 2494: 2487: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2457: 2449: 2445: 2439: 2423: 2419: 2418: 2413: 2407: 2392: 2388: 2381: 2366: 2365: 2360: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2333: 2332: 2327: 2320: 2305: 2301: 2294: 2278: 2274: 2268: 2252: 2245: 2243: 2226: 2222: 2216: 2201: 2197: 2190: 2175:on 3 May 2014 2174: 2170: 2166: 2160: 2145:on 3 May 2014 2144: 2140: 2136: 2130: 2114: 2110: 2104: 2089: 2085: 2078: 2072: 2067: 2052: 2051: 2046: 2039: 2037: 2020: 2013: 1998: 1997:The Telegraph 1994: 1987: 1971: 1964: 1949: 1945: 1939: 1928: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1898: 1883: 1879: 1872: 1870: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1838: 1822: 1818: 1812: 1797:on 2 May 2014 1796: 1792: 1788: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1761: 1757: 1751: 1749: 1733: 1729: 1723: 1707: 1706: 1701: 1695: 1680: 1676: 1669: 1667: 1650: 1643: 1627: 1620: 1605: 1604: 1599: 1592: 1576: 1569: 1553: 1552: 1551:The Economist 1547: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1520: 1516: 1510: 1508: 1492:. 17 May 2014 1491: 1487: 1481: 1479: 1474: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1451: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1432: 1426: 1420: 1418: 1406: 1403: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1354: 1352: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1327: 1323: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1303: 1301: 1300: 1289: 1286: 1282: 1276: 1274: 1270: 1269:retail stores 1267: 1261: 1255: 1249: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1218: 1192: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1172: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1156: 1153: 1149: 1139: 1134: 1124: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1096: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1077: 1066: 1058: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1039: 1035: 1025: 1022: 1021: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1009: 1006: 1005: 1001: 998: 997: 993: 990: 989: 985: 982: 981: 977: 974: 973: 969: 966: 965: 961: 958: 957: 953: 950: 949: 945: 942: 941: 937: 934: 933: 929: 926: 925: 921: 918: 917: 913: 910: 909: 905: 902: 901: 897: 894: 893: 889: 886: 885: 881: 878: 877: 873: 870: 869: 865: 862: 861: 857: 854: 853: 849: 846: 845: 841: 838: 837: 833: 830: 829: 825: 822: 821: 817: 814: 813: 809: 806: 805: 801: 798: 797: 793: 790: 789: 785: 782: 781: 777: 774: 773: 767: 764: 763: 752: 748: 745: 741: 740:Fitch Ratings 737: 733: 723: 721: 717: 707: 705: 704: 698: 695: 691: 686: 685:macroeconomic 681: 680: 675: 670: 662: 658: 651: 637: 635: 631: 626: 622: 612: 610: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 583: 580: 574: 563: 560: 557: 553: 552: 547: 543: 539: 538: 533: 529: 525: 524:The Economist 515: 513: 509: 505: 496: 487: 473: 471: 455: 446: 444: 440: 435: 429:Foreign trade 426: 423: 418: 414: 413:Fitch ratings 410: 405: 404:Goldman Sachs 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 384:Copa Airlines 381: 377: 373: 369: 368: 367:The Economist 352: 349: 339: 337: 327: 324: 320: 316: 312: 307: 305: 304:China Railway 295: 293: 292: 281: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 250: 248: 238: 235: 234: 228: 226: 221: 214: 207: 202: 192: 183: 174: 172: 166: 164: 159: 156: 151: 149: 128: 126: 120: 116: 114: 110: 106: 101: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 57: 47: 44:December 2017 35: 30: 21: 20: 8810: 8735:Capitolio TV 8683:Popular Will 8512:J. J. Rendón 8502:D. Solórzano 8482:A. Velásquez 8477:J. Torrealba 8462:H. Salas Feo 8447:R. Requesens 8442:J. Requesens 8251:I. Rodríguez 8241:J. Rodríguez 8236:D. Rodríguez 8023:Kluivert Roa 7847:La Vega raid 7636:Viernes Rojo 7635: 7307:PDVAL affair 7241:Negotiations 7196: 7054:. Retrieved 7040: 7028:. Retrieved 6997:. Retrieved 6987: 6975:. Retrieved 6971:the original 6966: 6957: 6945:. Retrieved 6916:. Retrieved 6912:the original 6901: 6889:. Retrieved 6885:the original 6858:. Retrieved 6854:the original 6849: 6840: 6828:. Retrieved 6824: 6814: 6802:. Retrieved 6798:the original 6787: 6775:. Retrieved 6765: 6753:. Retrieved 6743: 6731:. Retrieved 6727:the original 6717: 6705:. Retrieved 6701:the original 6676:. Retrieved 6666: 6654:. Retrieved 6644: 6632:. Retrieved 6622: 6610:. Retrieved 6605: 6596: 6584:. Retrieved 6579: 6570: 6558:. Retrieved 6554:El Universal 6553: 6544: 6532:. Retrieved 6528:El Universal 6527: 6518: 6506:. Retrieved 6501: 6492: 6480:. Retrieved 6470: 6458:. 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