37:
109:
1551:
1212:
1181:
1006:
918:, actual succession depends on the King without regard to who is the titular Trongsa or Chhoetse Penlop: the title is not a part of the Constitutional succession framework. Thus, if there are "shortcomings in the elder prince, it is the sacred duty of the King to select and proclaim the most capable prince or princess as heir to the Throne."
744:. Two successor Zhabdrungs – the son (1651) and stepbrother (1680) of Ngawang Namgyal – were effectively controlled by the Druk Desi and Je Khenpo until power was further splintered through the innovation of multiple Zhabdrung incarnations, reflecting speech, mind, and body. Increasingly secular regional lords (
844:
While the Penlop of
Trongsa controlled central and eastern Bhutan, the rival Penlop of Paro controlled western Bhutan. Dzongpens controlled areas surrounding their respective dzongs. Eastern dzongpens were generally under the control of the Penlop of Trongsa, who was officially endowed with the power
897:
ultimately prevailed against the pro-Tibet and anti-Britain Penlop of Paro after a series of civil wars and rebellions between 1882 and 1885. After his father's death in 1881, Ugyen
Wangchuck entered a feud over the post of Penlop of Trongsa. In 1882, at the age of 20, he marched on Bumthang and
797:, and led a monastic life from childhood. Before his appointment at Trongsa, he held the appointed post of Umzey (Chant Master). A trusted follower of the Zhabdrung, Minjur Tenpa was sent to subdue kings of Bumthang, Lhuntse, Trashigang, Zhemgang, and other lords from
832:
saint. The Nyö clan emerged as a local aristocracy supplanting many older aristocratic families of
Tibetan origin that sided with Tibet during invasions of Bhutan. In doing so, the clan came to occupy the
860:
defined politically opposed pro-Tibet and pro-Britain forces. This period of intense rivalry between and within western and central Bhutan, coupled with external forces from Tibet and especially the
898:
Trongsa, winning the post of Penlop of
Trongsa in addition to Paro. In 1885, Ugyen Wangchuck intervened in a conflict between the Dzongpens of Punakha and Thimphu, sacking both sides and seizing
849:'s central govertunment. Because western regions controlled by the Penlop of Paro contained lucrative trade routes, it became the object of competition among aristocratic families.
801:. After doing so, the Tongsa divided his control in the east among eight regions (Shachho Khorlo Tsegay), overseen by Dungpas and Kutshabs (civil servants). He went on to build
783:
were particularly notable figures in the competition for regional dominance. During this period, there were a total of nine provinces and eight penlops vying for power.
985:
may alternatively appear as "Chhotse", "Ch(h)oetse" or "Ch(h)ötse". Any combination of these variations may also contain additional hyphens or differing capitalization.
890:
as Penlop of Paro. Jigme
Namgyal reigned through his death 1881, punctuated by periods of retirement during which he retained effective control of the country.
1796:
1114:
1475:
882:
1841), armed conflict turned inward. In 1870, amid the continuing civil wars, Penlop Jigme
Namgyal of Trongsa ascended to the office of
1075:
1423:
1401:
1290:
1047:
1241:
1727:
1361:
1328:
1253:
1155:
793:
1667–1680) was the first Penlop of
Trongsa, appointed by Ngawang Namgyal. He was born Damchho Lhundrub in Min-Chhud,
122:
856:
through the 19th century, extension of
British power at Bhutan's borders as well as Tibetan incursions in British
1468:
824:
of central Bhutan. The family belongs to the descendants of
Dungkar Choji of the Nyö clan, and is descended from
634:
198:
46:
1356:. Regional surveys of the world: Far East & Australasia (34 ed.). Psychology Press. pp. 180–81.
1752:
1791:
970:
1770:
1461:
1636:
1512:
1228:
1197:
1022:
719:
308:
234:
may retain the office or award it to another person after coronation. The proper reference style is
1505:
1242:
Lawrence John Lumley Dundas
Zetland (Marquis of); Ronaldsha E., Asian Educational Services (2000).
937:
841:(appointed from among his family), as well as significant national and local government positions.
685:
1115:"Päring kohanimeandmebaasist. Väliskohanimed. [Place Name Database Query. Foreign Names.]"
223:
1716:
1690:
915:
838:
614:
516:
1276:
1801:
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163:
147:
36:
845:
to appoint them in 1853. The Penlop of Paro, unlike Trongsa, was an office appointed by the
1760:
1430:
786:
340:
336:
86:
8:
1588:
1566:
1090:
752:) competed for power amid a backdrop of civil war over the Zhabdrung and invasions from
1736:
1730:
1534:
1492:
1434:
942:
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705:
300:
265:
191:
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1397:
1357:
1324:
1286:
1249:
1151:
1043:
821:
304:
139:
125:, you may see very small fonts, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of
1631:
1626:
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1611:
1606:
780:
764:
281:
257:
175:
126:
116:
1704:
1698:
1680:
1387:
1386:
Brown, Lindsay; Mayhew, Bradley; Armington, Stan; Whitecross, Richard W. (2007).
1351:
1318:
1243:
1145:
1037:
962:
894:
887:
733:
574:
554:
284:
1695:
966:
899:
861:
702:
235:
76:
852:
Although Bhutan generally enjoyed favorable relations with both Tibet and the
1785:
1742:
1616:
1601:
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1216:
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1010:
806:
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1222:
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1016:
932:
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853:
825:
802:
288:
231:
1317:
Padma-gliṅ-pa (Gter-ston); Harding, Sarah (2003). Harding, Sarah (ed.).
1765:
868:
864:, provided the conditions for the ascendancy of the Penlop of Trongsa.
1500:
903:
883:
846:
741:
737:
722:, decreasingly effective central government control resulted in the
689:
672:
659:
1453:
1278:
So Close to Heaven: The Vanishing Buddhist Kingdoms of the Himalayas
736:
in 1651. Under this system, the Zhabdrung reigned over the temporal
230:, and is subject to change by the reigning king. Also, the reigning
1517:
749:
724:
171:
159:
871:
with Britain (1864–65) as well as substantial territorial losses (
1539:
1221:
Worden, Robert L. (September 1991). Savada, Andrea Matles (ed.).
1215:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1190:
Worden, Robert L. (September 1991). Savada, Andrea Matles (ed.).
1184:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1086:
1015:
Worden, Robert L. (September 1991). Savada, Andrea Matles (ed.).
1009:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
829:
776:
772:
187:
1316:
1200:. Administrative Integration and Conflict with Tibet, 1651–1728.
1550:
1522:
927:
879:
857:
745:
277:
273:
269:
261:
253:
245:
244:
is a title roughly translating to "Provincial Governor" or the
241:
220:
202:
186:, but historically was an important title, for the governor of
183:
1385:
226:, because the title is reserved for the officially designated
876:
794:
753:
207:
961:
The spelling of this title varies widely in sources because
268:
before its ascendancy to the throne. Originally, there were
276:, but they were consolidated under the control of the 12th
249:
428:
388:
366:
190:
and the surrounding area, and was the route by which the
1245:
Lands of the Thunderbolt: Sikhim, Chumbi & Bhutan
1349:
1220:
1189:
1150:. Sangay Xam, Prominent Publishers. p. 200.
1014:
1783:
1119:Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmebaas (KNAB)
1076:"A Historical Background of the Chhoetse Penlop"
837:hereditary position of Penlop of Trongsa since
178:(Chhoetse)". It is now generally given to the
1469:
1392:. Lonely Planet Country Guides (3 ed.).
981:may appear as "Tongsa" or even "(b)Krongsa".
197:The most recent holder of the title was King
1073:
886:. In 1879, he appointed his 17-year-old son
1248:. Asian Educational Services. p. 204.
1035:
1476:
1462:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1274:
1083:The Tibetan and Himalayan Library online
1069:
1067:
1065:
902:. From this time forward, the office of
1797:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
1320:The life and revelations of Pema Lingpa
1305:
1784:
1323:. Snow Lion Publications. p. 24.
1268:
1175:
1173:
1483:
1457:
1381:
1379:
1144:Dorji, C. T. (1994). "Appendix III".
1143:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1089:: Cabinet Secretariat. Archived from
1062:
977:may be spelled "pönlop" or "ponlop".
816:Within this political landscape, the
252:". The crown prince holds the title "
1416:
1107:
1036:Rennie, Frank; Mason, Robin (2008).
1343:
1204:
1170:
1147:History of Bhutan based on Buddhism
13:
1376:
1132:
1029:
998:
272:for each of the nine provinces of
264:", which is the title held by the
14:
1813:
1549:
1424:"Constitution of Bhutan, Art. 2"
1210:
1179:
1004:
728:disintegration of the office of
718:Under Bhutan's early theocratic
671:Sonam Drugyel was also the 31th
658:Dorji Namgyel was also the 14th
107:
35:
1235:
1025:. British Intrusion, 1772–1907.
909:
695:
174:title meaning "Governor of the
170:; also spelled "Chötse"), is a
955:
701:Paternal grandfather of First
678:
665:
652:
635:Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
312:
199:Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
47:Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
1:
992:
973:of Tibetan phonology differ.
404:Dorji Namgyel (Druk Phuntsho)
1696:Druk Gyalpo (King of Bhutan)
1350:Europa Publications (2002).
7:
1275:Crossette, Barbara (2011).
921:
809:, Trashigang, and Zhemgang
684:Jigme Namgyal was also the
238:Trongsa (Chhoetse) Penlop.
10:
1818:
1231:. Civil Conflict, 1728–72.
906:became purely ceremonial.
360:Sherub Lhendup (Namlungpa)
298:
294:
1751:
1673:
1645:
1587:
1559:
1546:
1513:Dual system of government
1491:
1229:Federal Research Division
1198:Federal Research Division
1023:Federal Research Division
720:dual system of government
646:
309:Dual system of government
287:when he became the first
143:
95:
82:
72:
67:
63:
59:
54:
43:
34:
29:
21:
1353:Far East and Australasia
1121:. Eesti Keele Instituut
948:
938:List of rulers of Bhutan
1224:Bhutan: A Country Study
1193:Bhutan: A Country Study
1039:Bhutan: Ways of Knowing
1018:Bhutan: A Country Study
914:Under Article 2 of the
893:The pro-Britain Penlop
771:, and the dzongpens of
224:Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck
1717:Jigme Singye Wangchuck
1433:. 2008. Archived from
1281:. Vintage Departures.
916:Constitution of Bhutan
615:Jigme Singye Wangchuck
382:Zhidhar (Druk Dhendup)
162:: ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་;
115:This article contains
1711:Jigme Dorji Wangchuck
1074:Dorji Wangdi (2004).
692:) of Bhutan 1870–1873
595:Jigme Dorji Wangchuck
422:Sonam Drugyel (Pekar)
299:Further information:
55:Since 31 October 2004
16:Bhutanese royal title
1761:Battle of Five Lamas
1431:Government of Bhutan
1042:. IAP. p. 176.
787:Chogyal Minjur Tenpa
194:came to the throne.
152:Krong-gsar dpon-slob
732:after the death of
444:Jangchhub Gyeltshen
315:
176:Province of Trongsa
168:Chos-rtse dpon-slob
144:ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་
1792:Bhutanese monarchy
1737:Sonam Topgay Dorji
1731:Jigme Palden Dorji
1674:Historical figures
1535:Zhabdrung Rinpoche
1396:. pp. 38–43.
943:House of Wangchuck
820:originated in the
818:House of Wangchuck
730:Zhabdrung Rinpoche
706:Tsundue Pema Lhamo
313:
301:House of Wangchuck
266:House of Wangchuck
236:His Royal Highness
192:House of Wangchuck
182:of the Kingdom of
127:Tibetan characters
83:First monarch
1779:
1778:
1753:Historical events
1665:Wangchuck dynasty
1661:
1531:
1528:Penlop of Trongsa
1509:
1485:History of Bhutan
1403:978-1-74059-529-2
1292:978-0-307-80190-6
1049:978-1-59311-734-4
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305:History of Bhutan
201:, who was then a
136:Penlop of Trongsa
123:rendering support
103:
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1771:Military history
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895:Ugyen Wangchuck
888:Ugyen Wangchuck
822:Bumthang region
763:The penlops of
734:Ngawang Namgyal
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575:Jigme Wangchuck
555:Ugyen Wangchuck
514:Tongsab Samdrup
462:Konchhog Tenzin
311:
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285:Ugyen Wangchuck
260:", or "Trongsa
215:). The current
156:Chhoetse Penlop
154:), also called
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121:Without proper
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967:Tibetan script
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862:British Empire
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1394:Lonely Planet
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1217:public domain
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1186:public domain
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1157:81-86239-01-4
1153:
1149:
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1096:on 2011-02-14
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1802:Royal titles
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1715:Druk Gyalpo
1709:Druk Gyalpo
1703:Druk Gyalpo
1658:Bhutan House
1653:Dorji family
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1442:. Retrieved
1435:the original
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1283:Random House
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90:Minjur Tempa
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77:His Highness
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1723:Ugyen Dorji
1686:Pema Lingpa
1540:The Tshogdu
933:Druk Gyalpo
873:Cooch Behar
854:British Raj
826:Pema Lingpa
289:Druk Gyalpo
232:Druk Gyalpo
205:(Dzongkha:
1786:Categories
1766:Bhutan War
1577:Trashigang
1493:Government
1444:2011-08-12
1409:2011-08-09
1369:2011-08-08
1336:2011-08-10
1298:2011-08-10
1261:2011-08-10
1163:2011-08-12
1125:2011-02-21
1100:2011-02-20
1055:2011-08-10
993:References
869:Bhutan War
867:After the
22:Penlop of
1589:Provinces
1518:Dzongpens
1501:Druk Desi
904:Druk Desi
884:Druk Desi
847:Druk Desi
750:dzongpens
742:Je Khenpo
738:Druk Desi
675:1815–1819
673:Druk Desi
662:1763–1765
660:Druk Desi
561:1882–1907
541:1870–1882
523:1853–1870
96:Formation
30:Incumbent
1646:Families
1597:Bumthang
1580:Zhemgang
1574:Lhuentse
1567:Bumthang
1560:Kingdoms
922:See also
835:de facto
756:and the
725:de facto
690:Deb Raja
335:Tongsab
246:European
172:Dzongkha
160:Dzongkha
140:Dzongkha
1632:Trongsa
1627:Thimphu
1622:Punakha
1612:Kurtoed
1607:Kurmaed
1523:Penlops
1087:Thimphu
979:Trongsa
830:Nyingma
807:Lhuntse
777:Thimphu
773:Punakha
765:Trongsa
746:penlops
632:Gyalsey
621:1972–??
612:Gyalsey
601:1946–??
592:Gyalsey
581:1923–??
572:Gyalsey
552:Gongsar
534:Tongsab
496:Tongsab
478:Tongsab
460:Tongsab
442:Tongsab
420:Tongsab
402:Tongsab
380:Tongsab
358:Tongsab
347:1646–??
337:Chogyal
319:Number
295:History
282:Trongsa
270:Penlops
258:Trongsa
248:title "
213:gyalsey
188:Trongsa
88:Chogyal
68:Details
24:Trongsa
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983:Chotse
975:Penlop
928:Penlop
880:Dooars
875:1835;
858:Sikkim
811:Dzongs
779:, and
647:Notes:
503:?–1853
325:Dates
307:, and
278:Penlop
274:Bhutan
262:Penlop
254:Penlop
242:Penlop
221:Prince
203:prince
184:Bhutan
1571:Kurtö
1438:(PDF)
1427:(PDF)
1094:(PDF)
1079:(PDF)
949:Notes
877:Assam
803:Jakar
795:Tibet
754:Tibet
703:Queen
431:1770)
391:1715)
369:1667)
322:Name
208:dasho
164:Wylie
148:Wylie
73:Style
1617:Paro
1602:Daga
1506:list
1398:ISBN
1358:ISBN
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1044:ISBN
969:and
769:Paro
767:and
748:and
250:Duke
134:The
99:1647
1741:PM
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965:of
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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