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therefore tried as the leader, with Turner, Ludlam and
Weightman as accomplices. All four were convicted of high treason and sentenced to death. However, Weightman was reprieved due to a recommendation for leniency by the jury, and, with Bacon, was sentenced to transportation for life. Weightman was transported to the colonies, in his case Australia, and died in 1865, aged 68, in
291:. He never returned to England to his wife and children. He was noted as a worthy and upstanding citizen. Josiah Godber another of the convicted men sent to Australia, also died in Sydney having established a good reputation. His letters to his wife in Ripley are considered of historical importance and kept in the National Library in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia
31:. It occurred on the night of 9–10 June 1817. While much of the planning took place in Pentrich, two of the three ringleaders were from South Wingfield and the other was from Sutton in Ashfield; the 'revolution' itself started from Hunt's Barn in South Wingfield, and the only person killed died in Wingfield Park.
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and for four hours ranged around the neighbourhood for weapons and extra men. At one house a widow, Mary
Hepworth, lived with her two sons. When she refused to open up, the rioters broke a window and Brandreth fired a shot through it, killing a servant. Some of the party were appalled at this wanton
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Around the country there were a number of secret revolutionary committees. The one at
Nottingham was headed by a needle maker, William Stevens, and its representative from Pentrich was a framework knitter called Thomas Bacon. Bacon was known to have revolutionary views, and was the originator of the
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There is little to be seen nowadays of the event, though the martyrs, together with
Weightman are commemorated in Giltbrook street names. The hexagonal office, where Goodwin stood his ground, existed in the yard of the Butterley Company's works until it was demolished in 2009/10 along with the rest
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for their participation in the uprising: Brandreth, Isaac Ludlam and
William Turner. Co-accused conspirator and leader George Weightman was sentenced to the same fate but later had his sentence reduced to 'transportation for life', meaning life as a prisoner in the Australian penal colony.
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Initially, Bacon, Brandreth and George
Weightman (Bacon's nephew) were to stand trial. However, Bacon knew of the part that William Oliver had played, which, had he revealed it, would have embarrassed the government and might have prejudiced the jury in favour of the defendants. Brandreth was
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Eventually the group set out for the
Butterley Company works. When they arrived they were confronted by George Goodwin, the factory agent, who, with a few constables, faced them down. One or two of the party defected and, increasingly demoralised, the remainder headed for
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Altogether, eighty-five of the marchers were placed in
Nottingham and Derby gaols, to be brought to trial at the County Hall in Derby, charged in the main of "maliciously and traitorously ...by force of arms, to subvert and destroy the Government and the Constitution".
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Twenty-three were sentenced, three to transportation for fourteen years and eleven for life. As for the ringleaders, the government was determined to make an example of them, hoping that "they could silence the demand for reform by executions for high treason".
189:, and William Turner an ex-soldier. The plan was to assemble at ten o'clock on 9 June, where Ludlam's pikes would be distributed and further weapons would be acquired by requisitioning a man and a gun from each house that they passed.
166:, an unemployed stocking knitter with a wife and two children, to be his deputy. Opinion of Brandreth at the time seems to have been somewhat mixed, but he promised the men that they would go to Nottingham, invading
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The episode brought no credit to the government and many liberal thinkers of the time were disgusted by the verdicts and the executions. Lord
Sidmouth was especially much criticised for his use of Oliver as
283:, as a result of a £100 reward. The trial was organised by William Lockett, the deputy Clerk of the Peace, who assembled "a group of 'respectable' jurors from the farming community on whom he could depend".
144:. Several meetings were held at Pentrich during which Bacon asserted that preparations for an uprising were well advanced, and he had made enquiries at the ironworks and elsewhere about procuring weaponry.
46:. They were lightly armed with pikes, scythes and a few guns, which had been hidden in a quarry in Wingfield Park, and had a set of rather unfocused revolutionary demands, including the wiping out of the
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on the way, where they would kill the three senior managers and ransack it for weapons. At
Nottingham they would receive bread, beef and ale, and a sum of money, and they would take over the
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meant that the war debt had to be recovered by taxing commodities forcing their prices even higher. In addition, 1817 was unusually wet and cold, producing a very poor harvest.
310:. Nevertheless, Lockett was able to say that the verdicts of the trial "were to have a salutary effect on the behaviour of the 'lower orders' in Pentrich and elsewhere".
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being smashed in protest at the employment of unskilled workers to produce low-quality stockings. Further afield, there had been food riots in many of the big cities.
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There was, in addition, a wider political picture. Since the previous century, there had been calls for parliamentary reform, particularly an end to the
251:. The revolutionaries scattered and, while about forty were captured, the leaders managed to escape, to be arrested over the following months.
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Bacon was suspected of machinery breaking and, with a warrant out for his arrest, had gone into hiding. He therefore appointed
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The decision to take action was made when news arrived of a revolutionary force heading from the north—a hoax fabricated by
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Among those present were Isaac Ludlam, a bankrupted farmer who owned a small quarry where he had built up a small cache of
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they awoke various publicans for beer, bread and cheese. It was now raining heavily and yet more men defected.
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There was no police force at that time. Order was maintained by the various semi-private armies such as the
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23:(also known as the Pentrich Revolution) was an armed uprising in 1817 that began around the village of
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A gathering of some two or three hundred men (stockingers, quarrymen and iron workers), led by
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of the country, combined with the demobilisation of the forces, led to mass unemployment. The
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Thomis, Malcolm I., and Peter Holt. "Luddites, Hampden Clubs and the Pentrich Rebels." in
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had fallen by a third. The hosiery trade had also been falling away for about five years.
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155:'s instruction. The aim was to join them to march on London in support of a bill by Sir
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Leibensperger, Summer D. "Brandreth, Jeremiah (1790–1817) and the Pentrich Rising."
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of the site, and the execution block can be seen by request in Derby Museum.
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act, but Brandreth threatened to shoot them also if they did not remain.
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in 1816, a number of factors combined to drive the country into a severe
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led to massive increases in the price of bread, while the repeal of
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38:('The Nottingham Captain', an unemployed stockinger), set out from
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Gaunt, Richard A. "The Pentrich Rebellion–A Nottingham Affair?."
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At 10 pm on 9 June, around fifty men assembled at Hunt's Barn in
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Through Ripley they pressed more followers into service and at
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they were met by a small force of soldiers: twenty men of the
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sees this rising as a transitional event between the earlier
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The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest
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Since 1811, there had been minor local uprisings, with
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Heinemann, republished 1991 Cromford: Scarthin Books
275:. Thomas Bacon and his brother John were caught in
383:Transformation of a Valley: The Derbyshire Derwent
464:Cardiff: Merton Priory Press, (Vol3 pp1265-1271)
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501:https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-582729701/findingaid
271:on 22 July, while Isaac Ludlam was captured in
488:"George Weightman | Monument Australia"
477:Cardiff: Merton Priory Press, (Vol4 p 1491)
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174:. They would then proceed by boat down the
538:Threats of Revolution in Britain 1789–1848
522:Hibbins, Susan. "The Pentrich Rebellion."
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599:Riots and civil disorder in England
540:(Palgrave, London, 1977) pp. 29-61.
101:had slumped, and the production of
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112:. Subsequently there had been the
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564:1817 crimes in the United Kingdom
225:, from a network formed of local
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330:actions and the later populist
249:15th Regiment of Light Dragoons
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475:A History of Derbyshire,
462:A History of Derbyshire,
434:library.kiama.nsw.gov.au
430:"Prisoner of Conscience"
574:19th-century rebellions
294:Although the customary
289:Kiama, New South Wales
604:False flag operations
584:Rebellions in England
519:43.2 (2018): 208-228.
142:Pentrich Hampden Club
66:Historical background
526:60.11 (2010): 17–23.
473:Turbutt, G., (1999)
460:Turbutt, G., (1999)
298:was remitted by the
229:and paid informers.
25:Pentrich, Derbyshire
168:Butterley ironworks
164:Jeremiah Brandreth
36:Jeremiah Brandreth
559:Conflicts in 1817
408:978-0-19-955038-8
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