Panthera pardus tulliana

1389: 1040: 95: 945: 1378: 659: 51: 251: 70: 1464:, disturbance caused by livestock breeding, gathering of edible plants and mushrooms, deforestation and human-induced wild fires was so high that the tolerance limits of leopards was exceeded. Only some small and isolated populations remain in the whole Caucasus. Suitable habitat is limited, and most often situated in remote border areas. Local populations depend on immigration from source populations mainly in Iran. 1053:

Central Alborz Protected Area covering more than 3,500 km (1,400 sq mi) is one of the largest reserves in the country where leopards roam. Evidence for breeding of leopards was documented in six localities inside protected areas in the Iranian part of the Lesser Caucasus. In northeastern Iran, four leopard families with two cubs each were identified during a survey carried out from 2005 to 2008 in

411: 1708: 1519:. In Azerbaijan, the leopard has been protected by law since 1969; in Armenia and in the Soviet Union, it was protected by law in 1972; the Caucasus leopard population was listed in Russia's Red Data Book under Category I as threatened with extinction. It has been protected by law in Iran since 1999. In 2001, hunting leopards was banned in 987:. Leopards are thought to occasionally move through Georgia from Russia, but naturalists hope they might become resident in Georgia in future if well protected in both countries. Between October 2000 and July 2002, tracks of 10 leopards were found in an area of 780 km (300 sq mi) in the rugged and cliffy terrain of 1533:

increased several times in Armenia and Azerbaijan. In Afghanistan, it was included in the country's Protected Species List in 2009. In Kazakhstan, hunting was made a criminal offence in 2021. In Turkey the leopard is one of the species in the action plan being prepared for the country's endangered species.

1536:

In 2001, a five-year leopard conservation project was initiated in the Caucasus, which supported systematic surveys in the region, the planning of new and enlargement of existing protected areas, training of border guards and school education campaigns in Armenia and Azerbaijan; an anti-poaching unit

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along the Alborz Mountains are one of the most important habitats for the leopard in the country. Most leopards were recorded in habitats with temperatures of 13 to 18 °C (55 to 64 °F), maximum 20 days of ice cover per year and an annual rainfall of more than 200 mm (7.9 in). The

1233:

The leopard population in southern Russia had been reduced to two small and isolated populations by the 1950s, and by 2007, there were fewer than 50 individuals in the region. Since 1954, leopards were thought to be extirpated in Georgia, following kills by hunters. The political and social changes

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and back, smaller ones on the shoulder and upper legs, and spots on the head and neck. It varies in colouration; in Iran both pale and dark individuals occur. Its average body length is 158 cm (62 in), with a 192 mm (7.6 in) long skull and a 94 cm (37 in) long tail. It

2332:

Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.;

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and the military. About 26% of them died in road accidents. More males than females were killed. Between 2007 and spring 2021, 78 leopards died in Iran because of humans; 62 were shot or poisoned by herders or killed by their dogs. Retaliatory killings of leopards occur after attacks on livestock.

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was most likely distributed over the entire Caucasus, except for the steppe areas. The northern foothills of the Greater Caucasus formed the northern boundary of its historic range. During surveys conducted between 2001 and 2005, no leopard was recorded in the western Greater Caucasus; it probably

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to deter people from entering the area. Leopards roaming the area are safe from poachers and industrial development, but at least two individuals are known to have stepped on mines and been killed. The main threat in northern Iraq is deforestation, which in the early 2020s is being worsened by an

1020:

close to the border with Iran. During surveys in 2013–2014, camera traps recorded leopards in seven locations in Zangezur National Park, including two different females and one male. All sites are close to the border with Iran. Five cubs were documented in two sites in the Lesser Caucasus and the

1459:

Ridge in the extreme south of Armenia, where only one individual was imaged by a camera trap between August 2006 and April 2007, but no signs of other leopards were found during track surveys conducted over an area of 296.9 km (114.6 sq mi). The local prey base could support 4–10

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of leopards between there and other protected areas in Iran's Alborz Mountains have been mapped in an area of 3,132 km (1,209 sq mi). As of 2022 further conservation work is needed to conserve corridors, including protecting more areas. Three core habitats and suitable corridors

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with an area of 449 km (173 sq mi). The total protected area in the country now amounts to 4,245 km (1,639 sq mi). In Georgia's national Red Data Book, the leopard has been listed as Critically Endangered since 2006. Penalties for killing leopards were adopted and

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and excess of livestock in leopard habitats. Leopards are unlikely to persist outside of protected areas. Droughts in wide areas of leopard habitats affected the main prey species such as wild goat and wild sheep. An assessment of leopard mortality in Iran revealed that 71 leopards were killed

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entirely or partially with two or three adult females. The mating season lasts from mid-January to mid-February. In Sarigol National Park, three females were documented in late April to May 2008 with one to two cubs each. A female with two cubs was also photographed in the Alborz Mountains.

1011:

Mountains in Iran. During surveys in 2013–2014, camera traps recorded leopards in five locations in Hirkan National Park. The first male leopard crossing from Hirkan National Park into Iran was documented in February 2014. It was killed in the Chubar Highlands in north-western Iran's

5290:

Rozhnov, V.V.; Pshegusov, R.H.; Hernandez-Blanco, J.A.; Chistopolova, M. D.; Pkhitikov, A. B.; Trepet, S. A.; Dronova, N. A.; Naidenko, S. V. & Yachmennikova, A. A. (2020). "MaxEnt modeling for predicting suitable habitats in the North Caucasus (Russian Part) for Persian Leopard

529:

In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Anatolian leopard was considered a distinct leopard subspecies that occurred only in western Turkey. The leopard specimens available in zoological museum collections do not differ significantly in the sizes and shapes of skulls. Therefore, the

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between 2007 and 2011 in 18 provinces; 70% were hunted or poisoned illegally, and 18% died in road accidents. Between 2000 and 2015, 147 leopards were killed in the country. More than 60% of them died due to poaching, through poisonous bait, and were shot by rangers,

1582:

received two leopards from Turkmenistan as part of a leopard breeding and reintroduction programme. Since then, leopards have been brought from various zoos. Their offspring were released into the wild in 2016 and 2018, including three males and one female into the

1205:, road construction and killing of leopards in retaliation for preying on livestock. Since surveys were not carried out in western Turkey until the mid-1980s, biologists doubted whether leopards still survived in the region. Sighting reports from the environs of 1265:, but none have been photographed. The long-lasting conflict in the country badly affected both predator and prey species, so that the national population is considered to be small and severely threatened. In the 1970s, it was still recorded in Pakistan's 1545:, and a strategy for leopard conservation in the Caucasus in 2008. In Iran, a leopard conservation and management action plan was endorsed in 2016, and Future4Leopards Foundation is a non-profit conservation organization in the country. As of 2019, 3900:

Can, O. E. (2004). Status, conservation and management of large carnivores in Turkey (Report). Strasbourg: Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats. Standing Committee, 24th meeting, 29 November–3 December

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in the country's south-west. In 2017, a young male leopard from Iran's Tandooreh National Park dispersed to and settled in Turkmenistan. In 2018, an old male Persian leopard had moved 20 km (12 mi) from Iran to Turkmenistan. In

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is mapping potential habitat near the border with Iran as the first stage of a conservation project. Conservationists hope that it will encourage people to protect, connect and restore suitable habitat, including international

1527:

activities were regularly conducted in southern Armenia since 2003. Since 2005, seven protected areas have been established in the Lesser Caucasus covering an area of 1,940 km (750 sq mi), and three in the

1242:

were hunted. In addition, inadequate baseline data and lack of monitoring programmes made it difficult to evaluate declines of mammalian prey species. In the winter of 2003, zoologists found footprints of a leopard in

681:

Biometric data collected from 25 female and male individuals in various provinces of Iran indicate an average body length of 259 cm (102 in). A young male from northern Iran weighed 64 kg (141 lb).

3492:

Kaczensky, P. & Linnell, J. D. C. (2014). Rapid assessment of the mammalian community of the Badhyz Ecosystem, Turkmenistan, October 2014. NINA Report 1148 (Report). Trondheim: Norwegian Institute for Nature

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survived only at a few sites in the eastern part. In Armenia, people and leopards have co-existed since prehistoric times. In the mid-20th century, the leopard was relatively common in the country's mountains.

1229:

in western Turkey since the mid-1970s. No signs of the presence of leopards were detected in Termessos National Park during surveys in 2005, and local people and national park personnel were not aware of any.

2974:

Askerov, E.; Talibov, T.; Manvelyan, K.; Zazanashvili, N.; Malkhasyan, A.; Fatullayev, P. & Heidelberg, A. (2015). "South-Eastern Lesser Caucasus: the most important landscape for conserving the leopard

1516: 399: 1108:, surveys carried out from autumn 2007 to spring 2008 revealed seven individuals in a sampling area of 321.12 km (123.99 sq mi). One individual was recorded by a camera trap in Afghanistan's 1047:

Iran is considered a stronghold of the leopard in the region. It is more abundant in the northern than in the southern part of the country, and in the 2010s was recorded in 74 of 204 protected areas. The

1016:

by a local hunter. This incident indicates that the Talysh Mountains are an important corridor for trans-boundary movement of leopards. In September 2012, the first female leopard was photographed in

4874:

Sanei A.; Teimouri A.; Ahmadi Fard, G.; Asgarian, H.R. & Alikhani M. (2020). "Introduction to the Persian Leopard National Conservation and Management Action Plan in Iran". In Sanei, A. (ed.).

2488: 1677:. It is possible that a leopard reached the island by swimming across the 1.7 km (1.1 mi) wide channel from the Turkish coast. One more leopard had reached Samos in 1836 and was trapped. 3971: 999:. This trans-boundary mountain range provides important breeding habitat for leopards in the Lesser Caucasus. In March 2007 and in October 2012, an individual was photographed by a camera trap in 3477:

Farhadinia, M.; Memarian, I.; Hobeali, K.; Shahrdari, A.; Ekrami, B.; Kaandorp, J. & Macdonald, D.W. (2017). "GPS collars reveal transboundary movements by Persian leopards in Iran".

1345:). It occasionally attacks livestock and herding dogs. In Iran, the presence of leopards is highly correlated with the presence of wild goat and wild sheep. An attack by a leopard on an 1247:

in southeastern Georgia. Camera traps recorded one young male individual several times. The individual was not recorded again between 2009 and 2014. A survey in 2019 found no leopards.

4477: 2538: 2510: 1095:

leopards moved from Iran's Kopet Dag region into Turkmenistan, revealing that the leopard population in the two countries is connected. Leopards were recorded by camera traps in the

4394: 1021:

Talysh Mountains. Between July 2014 and June 2018, four leopards were identified in the Talysh Mountains and 11 in the trans-boundary region of Nakhchivan and southern Armenia.

4848: 4533: 1238:

in 1992 caused a severe economic crisis and weakening of formerly effective protection systems; wildlife habitats were severely fragmented, leopards were persecuted and wild

909:

region in September 2013 is said to show a leopard. Its preferred habitat is thought to be sparse forest areas, followed by rocky areas, agriculture and pasture areas, and

3240:"Monitoring of the wild mammal fauna in Bamo Mountain in northern Iraq (Kurdistan) for the first time using camera trap method and raising awareness for its conservation" 4162: 5524: 5186:

Bleyhl, B.; Ghoddousi, A.; Askerov, E.; Bocedi, G.; Breitenmoser, U.; Manvelyan, K.; Palmer, S.C.; Soofi, M.; Weinberg, P.; Zazanashvili, N. & Shmunk, V. (2021).

1500:

Leopards injured 30 people and killed one in the country between 2012 and 2020, mostly thought to be defensive reactions by animals surprised by livestock herders.

2334: 1024:

Leopards have been sporadically recorded in northern Iraq. In October 2011 and January 2012, a leopard was photographed by a camera trap on Jazhna Mountain in the

4189: 2858:

Strategy for the Conservation of the Leopard in the Caucasus Ecoregion. Strategic Planning Workshop on Leopard Conservation in the Caucasus, 30 May – 1 June 2007

1054: 5260: 2810: 1221:

in 1992 were attributed to an Anatolian leopard. However surveys in western Turkey between 2000 and 2004 found no contemporary evidence of leopards. Extensive

1072: 1197:

considered a stronghold. Several factors contributed to the decline of the leopard population in this region between the late 1940s and mid 1970s, including

5080:"Applying a systematic conservation planning tool and ecological risk index for spatial prioritization and optimization of protected area networks in Iran" 4300:

Farhadinia, M.S.; Rostro-García, S.; Feng, L.; Kamler, J.F.; Spalton, A.; Shevtsova, E.; Khorozyan, I.; Al-Duais, M.; Ge, J. & Macdonald, D.W. (2020).

1101: 4098: 1423:, depletion of prey base due to poaching, human disturbance such as presence of military and training of troops in border areas, and habitat loss due to 4486:. Proceedings of the 8th International Annual Symposium on Sustainability Science and Management. 3–4 May 2009. Diterbitkan Oleh, Terengganu, Malaysia. 3106: 1032:. Between 2001 and 2014, at least nine leopards were killed by local people in this region. In 2020, a leopard was recorded in the mountains of the 4217: 3274:

Sanei, A.; Mousavi, M.; Kiabi, B.H.; Masoud, M.R.; Gord Mardi, E.; Mohamadi, H.; Shakiba, M.; Baran Zehi, A.; Teimouri, M. & Raesi, T. (2016).

4360: 2901: 10420: 11138: 10491: 429: 4498: 4131: 1886:(in Russian). Vol. 1: Chiroptera, Insectivora and Carnivora. Tiflis: Tipografīi︠a︡ Kant︠s︡eli︠a︡rīi nami︠e︡stnika E.I.V. na Kavkazi︠e︡. 5033:"Comparison of habitat suitability and connectivity modelling for three carnivores of conservation concern in an Iranian montane landscape" 3067:[According to the Representative of the WWF Baku Office it was possible for the first time to photograph a leopard in Azerbaijan]. 1467:

In Turkey, the leopard has been killed illegally in traps and through poison. Several leopards are known of have been killed since 1974 in

897:

during surveys carried out between 1993 and 2002. Its presence in the Pontic Mountains was questioned in 2016 due to a lack of evidence. A

4965: 2392:

Farhadinia, M.S.; Ashrafzadeh, M. R.; Senn, H.; Ashrafi, S.; Farahmand, H.; Ghazali, M.; Hunter, L. T. B. & MacDonald, D. W. (2020).

3741:

Proceedings of Regional Scientific Conference "Wildlife Research and Conservation in South Caucasus", 7–8 October 2003, Yerevan, Armenia

5549: 4990:

Ghoddousi, A.; Bleyhl, B.; Sichau, C.; Ashayeri, D.; Moghadas, P.; Sepahvand, P.; Hamidi, A.K.; Soofi, M. & Kuemmerle, T. (2020).

4402: 3392:

Farhadinia, M.S.; McClintock, B.T.; Johnson, P.J.; Behnoud, P.; Hobeali, K.; Moghadas, P.; Hunter, L.T. & Macdonald, D.W. (2019).

3083: 3065:"Представителю Бакинского офиса Всемирного Фонда охраны дикой природы удалось впервые сфотографировать в Азербайджане живого леопарда" 2537:

Lukarevsky, V.; Akkiev, M.; Askerov, E.; Agili, A.; Can, E.; Gurielidze, Z.; Kudaktin, A.; Malkhasyan, A. & Yarovenko, Y. (2007).

11179: 1487:, the country lacks a plan to reconnect fragmented forests as of 2020, which may further fragment leopard populations in the region. 1218: 487:

in 1927, who described leopard skins from different areas of Persia, but recognized their similarity to Caucasian leopard skins. His

5246: 1566:

In 2021, several authors suggested that there is enough suitable habitat in the Caucasus as a whole for over 1,000 leopards, but a

1673:, meaning leopard. Its size, shape and coat colour is rather unnatural for a leopard, but may have been altered in the process of 1623:

period to the end of the 6th century BC. The leopard is depicted on statues, potteries, ivory works and coins associated with the

933:, and this may be a corridor for movement between Turkey and Iraq. It has also been photographed in the north-eastern province of 4445:"Evaluation of forest fragmentation with particular reference to landscape-based ecological assessment and wildlife conservation" 3146:

Breitenmoser, U.; Askerov, E.; Soofi, M.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Heidelberg, A.; Manvelyan, K. & Zazanashvili, N. (2017).

1822:[About a new Panther species that was killed by Mr. Tchihatcheff at Ninfi, a village located eight leagues from Smyrna]. 5338: 4806: 4334: 4166: 3451: 2437: 1646:

to fight: hence the scientific name from his middle name. Leopard skin patterns were also used on Anatolian carpets and

4891: 4858: 1604: 938: 4240: 2335:"A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" 703: 372: 5129:"Habitat suitability and connectivity implications for the conservation of the Persian leopard along the Iran–Iraq border" 995:. During surveys in 2013–2014, camera traps recorded leopards in 24 locations in southern Armenia, of which 14 are in the 509:; the skin closely resembled Persian leopard and Asia Minor leopard skins, but its colour differed from the colour of the 11199: 5590: 3912:

Giannatos, G.; Albayrak, T. & Erdogan, A. (2006). "Status of the Caracal in Protected Areas in Southwestern Turkey".

3755: 3347: 11125: 11116: 2355:

Farhadina, M. S.; Farahmand, H.; Gavashelishvili, A.; Kaboli, M.; Karami, M.; Khalili, B. & Montazamy, Sh. (2015).

1987: 394:, loss of wild prey species and killing in retaliation for preying on livestock. It is internationally protected under 11229: 6960: 5268: 1947:

Miththapala, S.; Seidensticker, J. & O'Brien, S. J. (1996). "Phylogeographic Subspecies Recognition in Leopards (

1538: 11143: 3506:"Anchoring and adjusting amidst humans: Ranging behavior of Persian leopards along the Iran-Turkmenistan borderland" 3394:"A paradox of local abundance amidst regional rarity: the value of montane refugia for Persian leopard conservation" 11219: 3105:

Maharramova, E.; Moqanaki, E.M.; Askerov, E.; Faezi, S.; Alinezhad, H.; Mousavi, M. & Zazanashvili, N. (2018).

74: 7304: 4780: 3564: 3165:

Askerov, E.; Talibov, T.; Manvelyan, K.; Zazanashvili, N.; Fatullayev, P. & Malkhasyan, A. (2019). "Leopard (

2857: 1820:"Sur une nouvelles espèce de Panthère tué par M. Tchihatcheff à Ninfi, village situé à huit lieues est de Smyrne" 1049: 17: 4012: 2142:

Miththapala, S.; Seidensticker, J.; O'Brien, S. J. (1996). "Phylogeographic Subspecies Recognition in Leopards (

1142:

farther west in the country. Between September and December 2018, camera traps recorded a leopard on a cliff in

11209: 4113: 4059: 3812:. First Middle Eastern Biodiversity Congress, Aqaba, Jordan, 20–23 October 2008. ZooKeys 31. pp. 229–252. 1520: 1025: 466: 4761:

Zazanashvili, N.; Mörschel, F.; Askerov, E.; Manvelyan, K.; Krever, V.; Farvar, M. T. & Kalem, S. (2007).

2875: 11194: 9522: 1174: 967:, where they live primarily in dense forests. Several individuals were sighted in the lowland plains of the 4417: 2181:

Uphyrkina, O.; Johnson, E.W.; Quigley, H.; Miquelle, D.; Marker, L.; Bush, M. & O'Brien, S. J. (2001).

1986:

Uphyrkina, O.; Johnson, E.W.; Quigley, H.; Miquelle, D.; Marker, L.; Bush, M. & O'Brien, S. J. (2001).

1925: 2771:

Karataş, A.; Bulut, Ş. & Akbaba, B. (2021). "Camera trap records confirm the survival of the Leopard (

2709:

records from northern Iraq and south-eastern Turkey reveal an unknown population nucleus in the region?".

1225:

is thought to be the prime factor for the decline of the Anatolian leopard in this area. It is considered

386:

Today, the leopard population in this region is estimated at fewer than 1,100 adults. It is threatened by

9513: 6716: 1842: 1451:

Zoo in Russia. Between 2004 and 2007, a total of 85 leopard skins were seen being offered in markets in

893:

In northern Anatolia, zoologists found evidence of leopards in the upper forest and alpine zones of the

11214: 11189: 10978: 10634: 4302:"Big cats in borderlands: challenges and implications for transboundary conservation of Asian leopards" 3664:

Shehzad, W.; Nawaz, M. A.; Pompanon, F.; Coissac, E.; Riaz, T.; Shah, S. A. & Taberlet, P. (2015).

3641:

Kabir, M.; Awan, M. S.; Anwar, M. (2013). "Distribution range and population status of common leopard (

3127:

Avgan, B.; Ismayilov, A.; Fatullayev, P.; Huseynali, T. T.; Askerov, E. & Breitenmoser, U. (2012).

1584: 9000: 3017:

Farhadinia, M.S.; Ahmadi, M.; Sharbafi, E.; Khosravi, S.; Alinezhad, H. & Macdonald, D.W. (2015).

7839: 5343: 5289: 3018: 980: 94: 4661:) conflict with domestic livestock compared to other large carnivores in Nowshahr Hyrcanian Forests" 1087:

are important leopard refugia in the region. Leopards were also photographed in a protected area in

914: 10897: 10792: 9531: 7821: 7549: 7516: 7492: 7313: 6565: 1592: 1397: 1330: 1244: 1033: 31: 3719: 1388: 11224: 10559: 9540: 9271: 8964: 8899: 8281: 7857: 7330: 6852: 5583: 5504: 5188:"Reducing persecution is more effective for restoring large carnivores than restoring their prey" 4510: 4139: 3720:

Pestov, M. V.; Nurmukhambetov, Z. E.; Mukhashov, A. T.; Terentyev, V. A. & Rosen, T. (2019).

1076: 5525:"ICS study confirms transboundary leopard movements between Azerbaijan and Iran in the Caucasus" 3931: 3869:

Ullrich, B. & Riffel, M. (1993). "New evidence for the occurrence of the Anatolian Leopard,

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in the foothills of the Greater Caucasus, but in 2007 numbers were thought to be extremely low.

11204: 11078: 10783: 10535: 10348: 10224: 9836: 9818: 9646: 9340: 9331: 8973: 7711: 6503: 4538:

Proceedings of UMT 11th International Annual Symposium on Sustainability Science and Management

3169:) reoccupying its historic range in the South Caucasus: a first evidence (Mammalia: Felidae)". 1428: 1143: 1120: 1096: 1017: 437: 344: 223: 4940: 1476: 1194: 918: 10960: 10215: 10197: 10188: 10179: 9664: 9655: 9027: 7797: 7788: 7779: 7728: 7666: 7648: 7639: 7576: 7525: 7363: 7354: 5791: 3316: 2331: 1588: 1182: 1088: 988: 484: 444:, in western Anatolia. In the 19th and 20th centuries, several naturalists described leopard 387: 292: 8982: 8878: 5399: 4395:"Anatolian Leopard sighted in Turkey for first time in years after being killed by shepherd" 3145: 2103:

Khorozyan, I. (2014). "Morphological variation and sexual dimorphism of the common leopard (

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of this subspecies. An analysis of leopard samples from Afghanistan revealed that they were

10801: 10702: 10661: 10375: 9886: 9614: 8940: 8005: 7755: 7746: 7702: 7657: 7280: 6786: 6521: 6347: 5532:

Leopards .:. wild-cat.org — Information about research and conservation of leopards in Asia

5304: 5199: 5140: 5091: 5044: 5003: 4992:"Mapping connectivity and conflict risk to identify safe corridors for the Persian leopard" 4695: 4627: 4568: 4074: 3929: 3770: 3517: 3405: 3091: 3037: 2198: 2155: 2116: 2065: 2006: 1960: 1555: 1124: 1000: 941:, two leopards were recorded in 58 video and photographs between August 2019 and May 2023. 930: 561: 433: 240: 5369:[Thoughts about the Anatolian Leopard Statue Piece from Thyateira/Hastane Mound]. 3503: 2354: 1819: 1468: 8: 11041: 10987: 10759: 10206: 10092: 10074: 9919: 9768: 9673: 8923: 8869: 8618: 8360: 8351: 7615: 6888: 6870: 6725: 6574: 6077: 4076: 3722:"First camera trap record of Persian leopard in Ustyurt State Nature Reserve, Kazakhstan" 1579: 1432: 1251: 445: 348: 59: 8111: 5402:[Mythological investigation of Leopard hide and its use in Anatolian weavings]. 5400:"Pars (Leopar) postunun mitolojik olarak İncelenmesi ve Anadolu dokumalarında kullanımı" 5308: 5203: 5144: 5095: 5048: 5007: 4699: 4631: 4572: 3993: 3774: 3521: 3409: 3391: 3041: 2202: 2167: 2159: 2120: 2010: 1972: 1964: 10856: 10083: 9605: 9295: 9018: 8991: 8254: 7996: 7848: 6951: 6843: 6743: 6683: 6068: 6004: 5681: 5576: 5320: 5163: 5128: 5109: 5060: 4897: 4718: 4683: 4591: 4552: 3786: 3540: 3505: 3428: 3393: 3374: 3186: 2996: 2947: 2792: 2726: 2464: 2415: 2309: 2268: 2222: 2030: 1742: 1444: 1408: 996: 949: 577: 546: 522: 281: 267: 89: 5367:"Thyateira/Hastane Höyüğü'nde Bulunan Anadolu Parsı Heykel Parçası Üzerine Düşünceler" 4010: 3754:

Sekercioglu, C.; Anderson, S.; Akcay, E.; Bilgin, R.; Can, O. & Semiz, G. (2011).

3019:"Leveraging trans-boundary conservation partnerships: Persistence of Persian leopard ( 2811:"Anadolu Parsı'nın görüntülendiği Artvin'de parsın ailesi olup olmadığı araştırılıyor" 1775: 584:

regions of northern Pakistan corroborated this intergradation; these samples revealed

11184: 10735: 10652: 10432: 9928: 9895: 8819: 8326: 8048: 7830: 7684: 7558: 7442: 6795: 6625: 6583: 6530: 6310: 6292: 6050: 5324: 5227: 5168: 5113: 5064: 4901: 4887: 4854: 4762: 4744:

Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, Appendix II

4723: 4596: 4354: 4299: 4267: 4263: 4055: 3721: 3623: 3583: 3545: 3433: 3294: 3275: 3220: 3147: 3128: 3107:"Transboundary leopard movement between Azerbaijan and Iran in the Southern Caucasus" 2796: 2745: 2642: 2565: 2435: 2419: 2314: 2214: 2210: 2022: 2018: 1551: 1266: 1084: 964: 670: 502: 4760: 3790: 3378: 3256: 3239: 3190: 3126: 3084:"В Гирканском национальном парке Азербайджана обнаружен еще один кавказский леопард" 3000: 2951: 2730: 2468: 2107:) in the Middle East and their implications for species taxonomy and conservation". 1484: 11014: 10847: 10125: 9555: 8845: 8627: 8377: 7567: 7466: 7250: 7241: 6825: 6616: 6607: 6401: 6392: 5950: 5378: 5312: 5217: 5207: 5158: 5148: 5099: 5052: 5011: 4879: 4713: 4703: 4635: 4586: 4576: 4456: 4313: 4259: 3950: 3886: 3882: 3846: 3813: 3805: 3778: 3739:

Khorozyan, I. (2003). "The Persian leopard in Armenia: research and conservation".

3681: 3599: 3535: 3525: 3423: 3413: 3370: 3366: 3295:"Distribution pattern of the Persian leopard ("Panthera pardus saxicolor") in Iran" 3251: 3218: 3178: 3164: 3045: 2988: 2973: 2943: 2939: 2784: 2718: 2705:

Avgan, B.; Raza, H.; Barzani, M. & Breitenmoser, U. (2016). "Do recent leopard

2680: 2621: 2581: 2460: 2456: 2405: 2372: 2304: 2294: 2284: 2253: 2249: 2206: 2163: 2124: 2083: 2014: 1968: 1906: 1732: 1722: 1661:

exhibits a stuffed animal said to have been killed on the island in 1862, labelled

1560: 1542: 1529: 1512: 1480: 1436: 1381: 1322: 1166: 1139: 1029: 1004: 992: 902: 894: 695: 573: 531: 456: 395: 379:

at elevations of 600 to 3,800 m (2,000 to 12,500 ft). It preys mostly on

4375: 4190:"Last chance for the Persian leopard: the fight to save Iraqi Kurdistan's forests" 3582:

Ghoddousi, A.; Hamidi, A. Kh.; Ghadirian, T.; Ashayeri, D.; Khorozyan, I. (2010).

3476: 3182: 3086:[One Caucasian leopard found again in Azerbaijan's Hirkan National Park]. 3016: 2992: 2788: 2722: 2586: 2226: 2034: 1603:

As of 2021 there are over 100 captive Persian leopards in zoos worldwide, and the

1067:

tree; he was photographed several times until mid-February 2008 in the same area.

11151: 11032: 11023: 10951: 10906: 10568: 10518: 10509: 10384: 10330: 10274: 10143: 10116: 10009: 9827: 9786: 9751: 9496: 8559: 8272: 8239: 8230: 7737: 7475: 6924: 6374: 6301: 6259: 5995: 5800: 5734: 5711: 5078:

Nematollahi, S.; Fakheran, Sima; Jafari, A.; Pourmanafi, S.; Kienast, F. (2022).

4876:

Research and Management Practices for Conservation of the Persian Leopard in Iran

4708: 4581: 4275: 3955: 3782: 3530: 3104: 3049: 2128: 2088: 2067: 1727: 1262: 1250:

Leopards also survived in northwestern Azerbaijan in the Akhar-Bakhar section of

1226: 1109: 1092: 934: 922: 711: 674: 627: 619: 356: 4883: 4873: 4640: 4615: 3219:

Raza, H. A.; Ahmad, S. A.; Hassan, N. A.; Qadir, K. A. M. & Ali, L. (2012).

3148:"Transboundary leopard conservation in the Lesser Caucasus and the Alborz Range" 1871:. Tiflis: Tipografiâ Kancelârii Namestnika E. I. V. na Kavkaz. pp. 159–160. 11005: 10924: 10726: 10473: 10366: 10339: 9392: 9009: 8609: 8473: 8156: 7693: 7675: 7606: 7217: 7208: 6810: 6771: 5725: 5637: 5056: 5016: 4991: 4075:

Farhadinia, M.S.; Nezami, B.; Hosseini-Zavarei, F. & Valizadeh, M. (2009).

3930:

Khorozyan, I. G.; Gennady, F.; Baryshnikov, G. F. & Abramov, A. V. (2006).

3418: 2410: 2394:"Is there low maternal genetic variation in West Asian populations of leopard?" 2393: 2361:(Carnivora: Felidae) in Iran: support for a monophyletic clade in western Asia" 2066:

Khorozyan, I. G.; Gennady, F.; Baryshnikov, G. F. & Abramov, A. V. (2006).

1737: 1685: 1666: 1567: 1472: 1257:

In Afghanistan, the leopard is thought to inhabit the central highlands of the

1222: 1058: 1039: 1013: 937:, which borders Georgia, but whether the animals are resident is not known. In 510: 474: 5316: 5104: 5079: 4656: 4318: 4301: 3851: 3834: 3686: 3665: 3663: 3604: 3504:

Farhadinia, M.S.; Johnson, P.J.; Macdonald, D.W. & Hunter, L.T.B. (2018).

3221:"First photographic record of the Persian leopard in Kurdistan, northern Iraq" 2626: 2605: 2141: 1946: 1910: 1517:

Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats

1289:

varies depending on habitat. In southern Armenia and Iran, it preys mostly on

595:, which is the oldest available name for the leopard subspecies in West Asia. 400:

Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats

11173: 11101: 10969: 10865: 10838: 10464: 10162: 10107: 9629: 9573: 9314: 8955: 8410: 7972: 7137: 7104: 6906: 6897: 6834: 6734: 6692: 6544: 6137: 5383: 5366: 5032: 4989: 4807:"Nesli Tükendiği Düşünülen Anadolu Parsı İlk Defa Böylesine Net Görüntülendi" 1788: 1524: 1496: 1424: 1415:, as the wild population is estimated at less than 1,000 mature individuals. 1412: 1338: 1198: 1135: 1105: 944: 910: 611: 79: 11130: 7594: 7406: 5185: 4531: 3314: 2704: 1642:

around 50 BC, asked for leopards to be sent from Kibyratis in Anatolia, for

1377: 10996: 10942: 10643: 10411: 10357: 10134: 10033: 9588: 9564: 9383: 9374: 9194: 9161: 9084: 9045: 8455: 8437: 8299: 8171: 7630: 7031: 6994: 6879: 6861: 6274: 6220: 6146: 5824: 5568: 5439:

Masseti, M. (2010). "Homeless mammals from the Ionian and Aegean islands".

5231: 5172: 4727: 4600: 4271: 4194: 3818: 3549: 3437: 3273: 2318: 2267:

Asad, M.; Martoni, F.; Ross, J.G.; Waseem, M. & Paterson, A.M. (2019).

2240:

Manati, A. R. (2012). "Subspecies question of Persian Leopards clarified".

2218: 2038: 2026: 1654: 1274: 1235: 1162: 960: 639: 615: 604: 11156: 5031:

Mohammadi, A.; Almasieh, K.; Nayeri, D.; Adibi, M. A.; Wan, H. Y. (2022).

4011:

Zazanashvili, N.; Manvelyan, K.; Askerov, E. & Heidelberg, A. (2020).

3753: 1071:

surveys in summer 2016 documented the presence of 52 leopards in Sarigol,

658: 50: 11110: 10610: 9801: 9718: 9691: 9440: 9354: 9286: 9212: 9203: 9170: 9128: 9093: 8810: 8703: 8535: 8075: 7987: 7895: 7540: 7113: 6933: 6598: 6512: 6495: 6472: 6435: 6319: 6283: 6128: 5917: 5772: 5651: 4241:"Presence – absence surveys of prey and their use in predicting leopard ( 4077:"Persistence of Persian leopard in a buffer habitat in northeastern Iran" 2685: 2664: 2436:

Kiabi, B.H.; Dareshouri, B.F.; Ghaemi, R.A. & Jahanshahi, M. (2002).

1713: 1546: 1448: 1270: 1068: 898: 635: 553: 506: 501:

was proposed by Pocock in 1930 for a single skin and two skulls from the

418: 250: 176: 5492: 5126: 4850:

Persian Leopard National Conservation and Management Action Plan in Iran

4461: 4444: 3204:

Al-Sheikhly, O. F. (2012). "The hunting of endangered mammals in Iraq".

3064: 10819: 10065: 9996: 9983: 9950: 9736: 9474: 9234: 8782: 8759: 8645: 8636: 8585: 8550: 8526: 8290: 8189: 8138: 8084: 8066: 8039: 7946: 7896: 7295: 7268: 7196: 7179: 6942: 6915: 6761: 6665: 6649: 6485: 6365: 6205: 6041: 5908: 5700: 5668: 5652: 4096: 2640: 2299: 2289: 2266: 1365: 1258: 1217:, Antalya and Alanya in the early 1990s. Fresh faecal pellets found in 1131: 1079:. These included 10 cubs in seven families, thus highlighting that the 976: 926: 569: 557: 364: 340: 156: 5222: 5153: 4781:"Kazakhstan bolsters protections for rare animal species | Eurasianet" 2486: 2377: 2356: 1615:

Representations of the Anatolian leopard found in the ancient city of

1563:

were identified along the international border between Iran and Iraq.

10750: 10685: 10298: 10238: 10024: 9845: 9460: 9452: 9401: 9251: 9137: 9119: 8833: 8667: 8500: 8342: 8308: 8120: 7812: 7086: 6556: 6032: 5600: 5553: 5537: 5212: 5187: 4616:"Human-caused mortality of large carnivores in Iran during 1980–2021" 2563: 1674: 1643: 1620: 1515:. It is listed as a strictly protected species in Appendix II of the 1393: 1306: 1290: 1080: 906: 699: 643: 585: 492: 368: 146: 106: 11072: 5550:"Watch This Rare Video of an Endangered Persian Leopard in the Wild" 4132:"Prey composition in the Persian leopard distribution range in Iran" 3911: 2182: 1578:

In 2009, the Leopard Breeding and Rehabilitation Centre in Russia's

11095: 10447: 9910: 9727: 9703: 9064: 8914: 8860: 8796: 8791: 8744: 8676: 8594: 8464: 8213: 8204: 8102: 8057: 7937: 7770: 7507: 7416: 7385: 7345: 7232: 7164: 7072: 7063: 6383: 6179: 5932: 5815: 5782: 5631: 5619: 5538:"Research, Conservation and Management of Asian leopard subspecies" 5077: 4163:"For Leopards in Iran and Iraq, Land Mines Are a Surprising Refuge" 2926:

Khorozyan, I. (2003). "Habitat preferences by the Persian Leopard (

2813:[Anatolian leopard spotted in Artvin, does it have cubs?]. 1897:

Pocock, R. I. (1927). "Description of two subspecies of leopards".

1824:

Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences

1681: 1616: 1491: 1461: 1420: 1314: 1239: 1116: 1063: 984: 971:

region in 2004. Leopard signs were also found at two localities in

647: 488: 391: 380: 360: 352: 186: 126: 5371:

Arkhaia Anatolika. The Journal of Anatolian Archaeological Studies

1186: 1119:

forests and montane regions; leopards were recorded in and around

925:. In 2018 and 2019, it was photographed on the northern slopes of 10829: 10676: 10550: 10265: 9777: 9107: 8573: 8129: 8093: 7960: 7928: 7912: 7425: 7128: 6707: 6188: 6095: 6013: 5941: 5883: 5860: 5753: 3645:) in and around Machiara National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir". 3345: 1639: 1628: 1570:

will only be viable if persecution is reduced and prey restored.

1401: 1354: 1298: 1202: 1190: 972: 968: 956: 719: 337: 200: 166: 5531: 4747:. European Treaty Series No. 104. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. 4742: 4532:

Sanei, A.; Mousavi, M.; Mousivand, M. & Zakaria, M. (2012).

4129: 3581: 3315:

Farhadinia, M.; Nezami, B.; Mahdavi, A. & Kaveh, H. (2007).

2610:

still exist in the Eastern Karadeniz Mountains of Turkey ?"

2391: 1213:

peninsula suggested that a scattered population existed between

10933: 10880: 10625: 10313: 10047: 8767: 8428: 8263: 8020: 7457: 6229: 6155: 6104: 6086: 6059: 5980: 5842: 5625: 5613: 4550: 3346:

Farhadinia, M.; Mahdavi, A. & Hosseini-Zavarei, F. (2009).

2183:"Phylogenetics, genome diversity and origin of modern leopard, 2180: 1988:"Phylogenetics, genome diversity and origin of modern leopard, 1985: 1680:

The story of the leopard and the exhibit inspired Greek author

1658: 1647: 1635: 1627:

culture. Several pieces were found in areas that were used for

1607:

has a captive breeding program to sustain a backup population.

1456: 1346: 1214: 1206: 1008: 715: 710:

from 600 to 3,800 m (2,000 to 12,500 ft); and in the

707: 581: 441: 376: 136: 116: 4915: 4655:

Salmanpour, F.; Shakoori, Z.; Kia, M. & Ghomi, S. (2021).

3491: 2770: 2663:

Sarı, A.; Gündoğdu, E.; Başkaya, Ş. & Arpacık, A. (2020).

410: 10915: 10774: 10717: 10590: 10393: 10250: 9877: 9859: 9482: 9152: 8401: 8386: 7047: 6338: 5833: 3640: 2906:) in Khosrov Reserve, Armenia: implications for conservation" 1624: 1452: 1431:, overgrazing, and infrastructure development. In the 1980s, 1210: 1170: 913:. In southeastern Turkey, its presence was documented in the 470: 5030: 4218:"The trade in Leopard and Snow Leopard skins in Afghanistan" 2536: 10289: 9185: 8510: 8446: 6119: 5851: 5709: 5247:"Flying Turkmen leopards to bring species back to Caucasus" 4831: 4613: 4239:

Khorozyan, I.; Malkhazyan, A. G. & Abramov, A. (2008).

3972:"Status of the prey species of the Leopard in the Caucasus" 1161:

Stone traps for leopards and other predators dating to the

1003:. This protected area in southeastern Azerbaijan is in the 5127:

Kaboodvandpour, S.; Almasieh, K. & Zamani, N. (2021).

4684:"Brown bear and Persian leopard attacks on humans in Iran" 4654: 4534:"Assessment of the Persian leopard mortality rate in Iran" 4238: 2913:

Scientific Reports of the Zoological Society "La Torbiera"

2836:

Butkhuzi, L. (2004). "Breaking news: leopard in Georgia".

2662: 1773: 8419: 8028: 6356: 5477:(First ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. 5295:) based on GPS Data from collared and released animals". 4097:

Khorozyan, I.; Malkhasyan, A. & Asmaryan, S. (2005).

3452:"Hopes rise for Persian leopard survival in western Iran" 2641:

Spassov, N.; Ignatov, A. & Acosta-Pankov, I. (2016).

1443:

In April 2001, an adult female was shot on the border to

459:

in 1899 after examining a leopard skin from the Caucasus.

359:

and the surrounding region from eastern Anatolia and the

5505:"Caucasian Leopard – The King of the Armenian mountains" 4834:

National Action Plan for leopard conservation in Armenia

3936:(Carnivora, Felidae) in the Caucasus and adjacent areas" 3808:. In Neubert, E.; Amr, Z.; Taiti, S.; Gümüs, B. (eds.). 2487:

Lukarevsky V.; Malkhasyan, A. & Askerov, E. (2007).

2072:(Carnivora, Felidae) in the Caucasus and adjacent areas" 1707: 591:

In 2017, the Persian leopard population was subsumed to

4503:) in Iran: Primary threats and human-leopard conflicts" 3969: 3237: 1134:, a leopard was recorded for the first time in 2000 in 642:

indicates that the leopards in Iran belong to a single

5508: 4756: 4754: 4337:[Scientists keep leopard information secret]. 3621: 2669:

Valenciennes, 1856) in North-eastern Anatolia, Turkey"

2603: 3970:

Mallon, D.; Weinberg, P. & Kopaliani, N. (2007).

3868: 3317:"Photos of Persian Leopard in Alborz Mountains, Iran" 1091:

in 2020. Between September 2014 and August 2016, two

9250: 6646: 4496: 4475: 3864: 3862: 3756:"Turkey's Globally Important Biodiversity In Crisis" 3310: 3308: 3292: 3012: 3010: 2564:Ünal, Y.; Uysal, H.; Koca, A.; Zenbilci, M. (2023). 2489:"Biology and ecology of the leopard in the Caucasus" 1703: 1541:

approved a conservation plan with the leopard as an

4751: 4420:[Dead Anatolian leopard found in Tunceli]. 4415: 3925: 3923: 3747: 3562: 2899: 1490:In Iran, primary threats are habitat disturbances, 5428:] (in Greek). Εν Ερμουπόλει: Ρενιέρη Πρίντεζη. 4966:"Conservation of Leopard in the Southern Caucasus" 4130:Sanei, A.; Zakaria, M. & Hermidas, S. (2011). 3666:"Forest without prey: livestock sustain a leopard 3276:"Status assessment of the Persian leopard in Iran" 3203: 2775:L., 1758) in eastern Turkey (Mammalia: Felidae)". 2357:"Molecular and craniological analysis of leopard, 2109:Mammalian Biology – Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde 1057:. A male leopard was photographed in January 2008 955:In the Caucasus, leopards were sighted around the 5419: 4832:Khorozyan, I. & Malkhasyan, A., eds. (2008). 4740: 4681: 4551:Naderi, M.; Farashi, A. & Erdi, M.A. (2018). 4335:"Bilim adamları leopar bilgisini gizli tutuyordu" 3859: 3565:"Persian Leopard Borzou Migrates to Turkmenistan" 3341: 3339: 3337: 3305: 3007: 2570:L., 1758) in the Meditrerranean region of Turkey" 2532: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2061: 2059: 1353:) was also recorded. In Turkey, it also preys on 11171: 7046: 4099:"The Persian leopard prowls its way to survival" 3920: 1817: 1138:. In 2007 and 2015, two leopards were killed in 4557:) unnatural mortality factors analysis in Iran" 2979:) in the Caucasus region (Mammalia: Felidae)". 2643:"On the status of the leopard in Turkey, again" 2273:) of northern Pakistan using mitochondrial DNA" 1847:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1173:is reported to have been killed in 1963 in the 669:has a grayish, slightly reddish fur with large 5415: 5413: 4657:"Investigating the factors affecting Leopard ( 4045: 3701:Shakula, V. (2004). "First record of leopard ( 3584:"The status of the Endangered Persian leopard 3352:, in Sarigol National Park, northeastern Iran" 3334: 3158: 3129:"First hard evidence of leopard in Nakhchivan" 3081: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2665:"Habitat preference by the Anatolian leopard ( 2566:"New records of the living Anatolian Leopard ( 2523: 2056: 1940: 1881: 1813: 1811: 1407:Since 2016 these leopards have been listed as 491:was a skin and a skull of a male leopard from 469:in 1914, based on a leopard specimen from the 7910: 5751: 5584: 4763:"Conservation of the Leopard in the Caucasus" 4442: 4215: 4160: 4090: 3624:"Status of the common leopard in Afghanistan" 2925: 2919: 2348: 2239: 1930:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 1923: 1858: 1856: 1435:were deployed along the northern part of the 5598: 5261:"Two Leopards from Sweden arrived to Russia" 3991: 3617: 3615: 3269: 3267: 2835: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2431: 2429: 1979: 1840: 1653:The Natural History Museum of the Aegean on 440:a skin and skull from a leopard killed near 5438: 5410: 4682:Parchizadeh, J. & Belant, J.L. (2021). 4614:Parchizadeh, J. & Belant, J.L. (2021). 4373: 4359:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3803: 3797: 3700: 3244:Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum 3062: 2958: 2900:Khorozyan, I. & Malkhasyan, A. (2002). 2438:"Population status of the Persian leopard ( 1808: 685: 5771: 5591: 5577: 5297:Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics 4030: 3963: 3899: 3873:(Valenciennes, 1856), in Western Turkey". 3348:"Reproductive ecology of Persian leopard, 2851: 2849: 2847: 2743: 2574:Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 2333:Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). 2269:"Assessing subspecies status of leopards ( 1853: 1573: 1447:; her two cubs were captured and taken to 249: 68: 49: 9994: 6483: 5666: 5397: 5382: 5221: 5211: 5162: 5152: 5103: 5015: 4846: 4717: 4707: 4639: 4590: 4580: 4460: 4367: 4317: 4054:. London: Ernest Benn. pp. 153–155. 3954: 3850: 3832: 3817: 3738: 3685: 3612: 3603: 3539: 3529: 3427: 3417: 3264: 3255: 2693: 2684: 2625: 2585: 2508: 2426: 2409: 2376: 2365:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 2325: 2308: 2298: 2288: 2102: 2096: 2087: 1917: 1610: 662:Persian leopard with unusual coat pattern 8340: 5422:Τοπογραφία Αρχαία και Σημερινή της Σάμου 5364: 4035:. Coimbatore: Zoo Outreach Organization. 2876:"The Persian Leopard is back in Georgia" 2599: 2597: 1884:Key of the Mammals of the Russian Empire 1460:individuals. But the combined impact of 1387: 1376: 1280: 1169:in southern Turkey. The last leopard in 1038: 943: 657: 576:of 49 leopard skin samples collected in 409: 7414: 6177: 5698: 5472: 5460:Το Καπλ́ανι τ́ης βιτρ́ινας μυθιστ́ορημα 5457: 4245:) densities: a case study from Armenia" 3893: 3238:Ahmed, S.H. & Majeed, S.I. (2020). 2844: 2539:"Status of the Leopard in the Caucasus" 1862: 678:weighs up to 60 kg (130 lb). 14: 11172: 10507: 8743: 5426:Ancient and Modern Topography of Samos 4418:"Tunceli'de ölü Anadolu Parsı bulundu" 3810:Animal Biodiversity in the Middle East 3622:Moheb, Z. & Bradfield, D. (2014). 2604:Baskaya, S. & Bilgili, E. (2004). 1899:Annals and Magazine of Natural History 1896: 1869:Conspectus Mammalium Imperii Rossici I 1774:Ghoddousi, A.; Khorozyan, I. (2024) . 1769: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1638:, while he was serving as Governor of 1384:after a leopard hunt, around 1905–1910 336:in different parts of its range, is a 11077: 11076: 9981: 9438: 8742: 7894: 7029: 6470: 5650: 5572: 4853:. Department of Environment of Iran. 4509:. Supplement 7: 31–39. Archived from 4443:Gülçi̇n, D. & Yilmaz, T. (2020). 4187: 4165:. National Geographic. Archived from 4138:. Supplement 7: 19–30. Archived from 2873: 2658: 2656: 2594: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2482: 2480: 2478: 1684:to write a novel for children titled 1605:European Endangered Species Programme 1455:. Leopards were known to live on the 704:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests 588:of both Persian and Indian leopards. 373:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests 4497:Sanei, A. & Zakaria, M. (2011). 4479:Primary threats to Persian leopard ( 4476:Sanei, A. & Zakaria, M. (2009). 2874:Staff, C. N. F. (22 November 2021). 2519:. Tehran: Sepehr Publication Center. 1537:was set up in Armenia. In 2005, the 1219:Mount Güllük-Termessos National Park 6961:South African small-spotted genet ( 5244: 4392: 2855: 2168:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10041115.x 1973:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10041115.x 1789:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1756: 1587:, and one male and one female into 1201:, conversion of natural habitat to 1149: 24: 4773: 4499:"Survival of the Persian leopard ( 4332: 3932:"Taxonomic status of the leopard, 2653: 2552: 2475: 2068:"Taxonomic status of the leopard, 1554:. Wildlife corridors for the safe 991:on the southwestern slopes of the 653: 25: 11241: 7305:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose ( 5485: 4483:) in the Islamic Republic of Iran 4020:. Tbilisi, Georgia: WWF-Caucasus. 3994:"Lone leopard spotted in Georgia" 2146:): Molecular Genetic Variation". 1951:): Molecular Genetic Variation". 1926:"The Panthers and Ounces of Asia" 11180:IUCN Red List endangered species 7030: 5542:Asian Leopard Specialist Society 5527:. Iranian Cheetah Society. 2018. 5499:. IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. 5466: 5451: 5432: 5391: 5358: 5331: 5283: 5253: 5238: 5179: 5120: 5071: 5024: 4983: 4958: 4933: 4908: 4867: 4840: 4825: 4264:10.1111/j.1749-4877.2008.00111.x 2754:Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 2211:10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01350.x 2019:10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01350.x 1843:"On the Leopard of the Caucasus" 1706: 1539:Armenian Ministry of Environment 1364:Adult males usually share their 1007:, which are contiguous with the 939:Beydağları Coastal National Park 714:and Iran rocky slopes, mountain 93: 9439: 6471: 5084:Journal for Nature Conservation 4799: 4734: 4675: 4648: 4620:Global Ecology and Conservation 4607: 4544: 4525: 4490: 4469: 4436: 4409: 4386: 4326: 4293: 4232: 4209: 4181: 4154: 4123: 4068: 4039: 4024: 4004: 3985: 3905: 3826: 3732: 3713: 3694: 3657: 3634: 3575: 3556: 3497: 3485: 3470: 3444: 3385: 3293:Sanei, A.; Zakaria, M. (2011). 3286: 3257:10.26842/binhm.7.2020.16.2.0161 3231: 3212: 3197: 3139: 3120: 3098: 3075: 3056: 2893: 2867: 2829: 2803: 2764: 2750:in Turkey (Carnivora: Felidae)" 2737: 2634: 2502: 2385: 2260: 2233: 2174: 2135: 1598: 1559:between protected areas in the 1503: 1123:, Pir Lasora National Park and 1050:Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests 9982: 4941:"Persian Leopard Conservation" 4836:. Yerevan: WWF Armenia Branch. 4416:Topac, E.; Yoleri, I. (2015). 3887:10.1080/09397140.1993.10637631 3371:10.1080/09397140.2009.10638361 2944:10.1080/09397140.2003.10637984 2461:10.1080/09397140.2002.10637920 2254:10.1016/j.zoolgart.2012.02.001 1890: 1875: 1865:Leopardus pardus ciscaucasicus 1834: 1521:Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic 1026:Zagros Mountains forest steppe 467:Konstantin Alekseevich Satunin 13: 1: 6717:Malabar large-spotted civet ( 5507:. WWF-Armenia. Archived from 4665:Journal of Animal Environment 4014:Leopard in the South Caucasus 3943:Russian Journal of Theriology 3183:10.1080/09397140.2018.1552349 2993:10.1080/09397140.2015.1035003 2789:10.1080/09397140.2021.1924419 2723:10.1080/09397140.2016.1173904 2076:Russian Journal of Theriology 1749: 1483:. Despite ongoing efforts to 1234:caused by the breakup of the 1175:Syrian Coastal Mountain Range 618:group that diverged from the 367:, where it inhabits foremost 10979:Indonesian mountain weasel ( 10635:North American river otter ( 9523:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk ( 6577:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii 5462:(in Greek). Athīna: Κ́ερδος. 4916:"Future4leopards Foundation" 4709:10.1371/journal.pone.0255042 4582:10.1371/journal.pone.0195387 4376:"The last Anatolian Panther" 3956:10.15298/rusjtheriol.05.1.06 3835:"Leopards in western Turkey" 3783:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.06.025 3743:. Yerevan. pp. 161–163. 3588:in Bamu National Park, Iran" 3563:IFP Editorial Staff (2018). 3531:10.1371/journal.pone.0196602 3090:(in Russian). Archived from 3050:10.1016/j.biocon.2015.08.027 2129:10.1016/j.mambio.2014.07.004 2089:10.15298/rusjtheriol.05.1.06 1036:in the country's northeast. 634:) in the second half of the 598: 7: 7840:Somalian slender mongoose ( 4884:10.1007/978-3-030-28003-1_8 4641:10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01618 4449:Turkish Journal of Forestry 2930:Pocock, 1927) in Armenia". 2863:(Report). Tbilisi, Georgia. 2587:10.15666/aeer/2102_10431059 1699: 884: 871: 860: 849: 838: 827: 816: 805: 794: 783: 772: 761: 750: 572:with the Indian leopard. A 415:The Leopard of the Caucasus 405: 383:reliant on these habitats. 10: 11246: 11200:Mammals of the Middle East 10793:Asian small-clawed otter ( 9532:American hog-nosed skunk ( 9514:Molina's hog-nosed skunk ( 7822:Angolan slender mongoose ( 7517:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose ( 6566:Small-toothed palm civet ( 5420:Κρητικίδης, Ε. Ι. (1869). 5057:10.1007/s10980-021-01386-5 5017:10.1007/s10980-020-01062-0 4920:Future4Leopards Foundation 4741:Council of Europe (2002). 4161:Schwartzstein, P. (2014). 4112:(2): 51–60. Archived from 3875:Zoology in the Middle East 3419:10.1038/s41598-019-50605-2 3359:Zoology in the Middle East 3282:(Special Issue 10): 43–50. 3171:Zoology in the Middle East 3023:) in the Iranian Caucasus" 2981:Zoology in the Middle East 2932:Zoology in the Middle East 2777:Zoology in the Middle East 2711:Zoology in the Middle East 2673:Belgian Journal of Zoology 2449:Zoology in the Middle East 2411:10.1007/s13364-020-00510-1 2344:(Special Issue 11): 73–75. 1619:in Anatolia date from the 1585:Caucasus Biosphere Reserve 1372: 1043:Valley in Alborz Mountains 398:and in Appendix II of the 29: 11085: 10878: 10827: 10818: 10772: 10748: 10715: 10698: 10674: 10623: 10606: 10589: 10560:Saharan striped polecat ( 10548: 10531: 10490: 10445: 10428: 10419: 10410: 10311: 10287: 10263: 10246: 10237: 10160: 10105: 10063: 10046: 10022: 10005: 9990: 9977: 9949: 9908: 9875: 9858: 9799: 9749: 9716: 9699: 9690: 9627: 9586: 9553: 9541:Striped hog-nosed skunk ( 9494: 9473: 9451: 9447: 9434: 9370: 9353: 9312: 9284: 9272:Mediterranean monk seal ( 9267: 9233: 9183: 9150: 9115: 9106: 9080: 9063: 9044: 9001:Juan Fernández fur seal ( 8965:South American fur seal ( 8953: 8936: 8912: 8900:South American sea lion ( 8895: 8858: 8841: 8832: 8808: 8780: 8758: 8754: 8738: 8702: 8675: 8666: 8607: 8581: 8572: 8548: 8524: 8509: 8498: 8399: 8373: 8325: 8282:South American gray fox ( 8252: 8226: 8202: 8185: 8170: 8155: 8018: 7985: 7968: 7959: 7926: 7906: 7890: 7858:Common slender mongoose ( 7810: 7768: 7724: 7628: 7602: 7593: 7538: 7505: 7488: 7455: 7438: 7405: 7384: 7343: 7331:Narrow-striped mongoose ( 7326: 7293: 7276: 7267: 7230: 7204: 7195: 7178: 7162: 7126: 7100: 7085: 7061: 7042: 7038: 7025: 6993: 6989: 6853:Crested servaline genet ( 6808: 6769: 6760: 6705: 6679: 6664: 6642: 6596: 6552: 6543: 6494: 6479: 6466: 6434: 6336: 6272: 6255: 6246: 6218: 6201: 6168: 6117: 6030: 5993: 5976: 5967: 5930: 5906: 5897: 5881: 5813: 5780: 5767: 5747: 5694: 5677: 5662: 5646: 5608: 5344:National Museums Scotland 5317:10.1134/S0001433820090212 5105:10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126144 4555:Panthera pardus saxicolor 4501:Panthera pardus saxicolor 4481:Panthera pardus saxicolor 4319:10.1017/S0030605319000693 4106:Endangered Species Update 3981:(Special Issue 2): 22–27. 3852:10.1017/S0030605300014769 3687:10.1017/S0030605313001026 3605:10.1017/S0030605310000827 3586:Panthera pardus saxicolor 3350:Panthera pardus saxicolor 3021:Panthera pardus saxicolor 2928:Panthera pardus saxicolor 2902:"Ecology of the leopard ( 2817:(in Turkish). 8 June 2022 2627:10.1017/S0030605304000407 2548:(Special Issue 2): 15–21. 2440:Panthera pardus saxicolor 1911:10.1080/00222932708655586 1818:Valenciennes, A. (1856). 1670: 1181:was once numerous in the 1115:In Pakistan, it inhabits 545:are currently considered 481:Panthera pardus saxicolor 390:due to land use changes, 273: 266: 257: 248: 229: 222: 90:Scientific classification 88: 66: 57: 48: 41: 11230:Endangered fauna of Asia 11117:Panthera pardus tulliana 11087:Panthera pardus tulliana 10916:Stoat/Beringian ermine ( 10784:African clawless otter ( 10536:African striped weasel ( 10349:Yellow-throated marten ( 10225:Formosan ferret-badger ( 9929:Western mountain coati ( 9920:Eastern mountain coati ( 9837:Western lowland olingo ( 9819:Eastern lowland olingo ( 9647:Southern spotted skunk ( 9341:Southern elephant seal ( 9332:Northern elephant seal ( 9122:Pagophilus groenlandicus 7899:("dog-like" carnivorans) 7712:Stripe-necked mongoose ( 7333:Mungotictis decemlineata 6208:Herpailurus yagouaroundi 5655:("cat-like" carnivorans) 5495:Panthera pardus tulliana 5441:Bonn Zoological Bulletin 5384:10.32949/Arkhaia.2020.16 4659:Panthera pardus tulliana 4046:Roberts, T. J. (1977). " 3871:Panthera pardus tulliana 2667:Panthera pardus tulliana 2568:Panthera pardus tulliana 2498:(Special Issue 2): 9–15. 1863:Satunin, K. A. (1914). " 1398:Georgian National Museum 1331:Indian crested porcupine 1245:Vashlovani National Park 1077:Tandooreh National Parks 1034:Sulaymaniyah Governorate 975:, the headwaters of the 686:Distribution and habitat 607:analysis indicates that 322:Panthera pardus tulliana 233:Panthera pardus tulliana 43:Panthera pardus tulliana 32:Anatolian Leopard (film) 11220:Mammals of Central Asia 10961:Yellow-bellied weasel ( 10216:Burmese ferret-badger ( 10198:Chinese ferret-badger ( 10189:Bornean ferret badger ( 10180:Vietnam ferret-badger ( 9665:Eastern spotted skunk ( 9656:Western spotted skunk ( 9386:Leptonychotes weddellii 9028:Subantarctic fur seal ( 8974:Australasian fur seal ( 7798:Black-footed mongoose ( 7780:Bushy-tailed mongoose ( 7729:White-tailed mongoose ( 7667:Indian brown mongoose ( 7649:Short-tailed mongoose ( 7640:Small Indian mongoose ( 7577:Flat-headed kusimanse ( 7550:Alexander's kusimanse ( 7526:Common dwarf mongoose ( 7493:Pousargues's mongoose ( 7355:Brown-tailed mongoose ( 7314:Grandidier's mongoose ( 6568:Arctogalidia trivirgata 5792:Sunda clouded leopard ( 5192:Ecological Applications 4769:(Special Issue 2): 4–8. 4052:The Mammals of Pakistan 3763:Biological Conservation 3670:population in Pakistan" 3082:Исабалаева, И. (2012). 3030:Biological Conservation 1882:Satunin, K. A. (1914). 1690:Το καπλάνι της βιτρίνας 1574:Reintroduction projects 901:photograph obtained in 10802:Congo clawless otter ( 10705:Hydrictis maculicollis 10703:Spotted-necked otter ( 10662:Southern river otter ( 10613:Pteronura brasiliensis 10376:European pine marten ( 9887:South American coati ( 9615:Palawan stink badger ( 8941:New Zealand sea lion ( 8006:Japanese raccoon dog ( 7703:Crab-eating mongoose ( 7658:Indian grey mongoose ( 7281:Ring-tailed vontsira ( 7092:(bone-crushing hyenas) 6787:Central African oyan ( 6348:Chinese mountain cat ( 5339:"Persian leopard skin" 5267:. 2020. Archived from 4216:Manati, A. R. (2009). 4033:Mammals of Afghanistan 3819:10.3897/zookeys.31.170 2746:"Noteworthy record of 2442:Pocock, 1927) in Iran" 2242:Der Zoologische Garten 1924:Pocock, R. I. (1930). 1689: 1611:In history and culture 1429:agricultural expansion 1404: 1385: 1144:Ustyurt Nature Reserve 1121:Machiara National Park 1097:Badkhyz Nature Reserve 1044: 1018:Zangezur National Park 952: 663: 517:). It was subsumed to 448:from the Middle East: 422: 355:. It is native to the 11210:Mammals of Azerbaijan 11042:Back-striped weasel ( 10988:Black-footed ferret ( 10760:Smooth-coated otter ( 10538:Poecilogale albinucha 10207:Javan ferret-badger ( 10093:Sumatran hog badger ( 10075:Northern hog badger ( 9769:Crab-eating raccoon ( 9674:Pygmy spotted skunk ( 9395:Lobodon carcinophagus 9131:Histriophoca fasciata 8924:Australian sea lion ( 8870:California sea lion ( 8619:American black bear ( 8361:Black-backed jackal ( 8352:Side-striped jackal ( 8192:Chrysocyon brachyurus 7616:Long-nosed mongoose ( 6889:Rusty-spotted genet ( 6726:Large-spotted civet ( 6575:Sulawesi palm civet ( 6504:Owston's palm civet ( 6078:Andean mountain cat ( 5133:Ecology and Evolution 3998:BBC News, 25 May 2004 3992:Antelava, N. (2004). 3806:"Carnivores of Syria" 3301:(Supplement 7): 7–18. 2512:Analysis of leopard ( 1841:Lydekker, R. (1899). 1636:Marcus Tullius Cicero 1589:Alaniya National Park 1391: 1380: 1281:Behaviour and ecology 1089:Sefid Kuh, Kermanshah 1055:Sarigol National Park 1042: 989:Khosrov State Reserve 947: 661: 556:is thought to form a 485:Reginald Innes Pocock 453:Felis pardus tulliana 413: 388:habitat fragmentation 11195:Mammals of West Asia 10857:Long-tailed weasel ( 10435:Lyncodon patagonicus 10084:Greater hog badger ( 9606:Sunda stink badger ( 9296:Hawaiian monk seal ( 9019:Guadalupe fur seal ( 8992:Antarctic fur seal ( 8983:Galápagos fur seal ( 8879:Galápagos sea lion ( 7997:Common raccoon dog ( 7849:Cape gray mongoose ( 7789:Jackson's mongoose ( 7749:Paracynictis selousi 7740:Cynictis penicillata 7364:Durrell's vontsira ( 6952:Giant forest genet ( 6744:Large Indian civet ( 6684:Small Indian civet ( 6293:Sunda leopard cat ( 6069:Southern tiger cat ( 6005:African golden cat ( 5682:African palm civet ( 5406:(in Turkish): 35–62. 4878:. pp. 175–187. 4553:"Persian leopard's ( 4405:on 11 November 2013. 4374:Ertüzün, M. (2006). 3804:Masseti, M. (2009). 3647:Conservation Science 3206:Wildlife Middle East 3063:Бабаева, З. (2007). 2880:Caucasus Nature Fund 2838:Caucasus Environment 2686:10.26496/bjz.2020.78 2148:Conservation Biology 1953:Conservation Biology 1796:: e.T15961A259040841 1593:North Ossetia–Alania 1433:anti-personnel mines 1392:A Caucasian leopard 1327:Gazella subgutturosa 1209:in the south of the 1125:Ayubia National Park 1001:Hirkan National Park 646:and form a distinct 446:zoological specimens 434:Achille Valenciennes 10900:M. aistoodonnivalis 10736:Hairy-nosed otter ( 10653:Neotropical otter ( 10433:Patagonian weasel ( 9896:White-nosed coati ( 9096:Cystophora cristata 9087:Erignathus barbatus 8820:Northern fur seal ( 8597:Helarctos malayanus 8233:Atelocynus microtis 7940:U. cinereoargenteus 7831:Egyptian mongoose ( 7758:Rhynchogale melleri 7756:Meller's mongoose ( 7747:Selous's mongoose ( 7731:Ichneumia albicauda 7685:Collared mongoose ( 7559:Angolan kusimanse ( 7443:Liberian mongoose ( 6796:West African oyan ( 6695:Civettictis civetta 6626:Golden palm civet ( 6584:Masked palm civet ( 6559:Arctictis binturong 6533:Hemigalus derbyanus 6531:Banded palm civet ( 6522:Hose's palm civet ( 6311:Rusty-spotted cat ( 5475:Wildcat under Glass 5309:2020IzAOP..56.1090R 5204:2021EcoAp..31E2338B 5145:2021EcoEv..1113464K 5139:(19): 13464–13474. 5096:2022JNatC..6626144N 5049:2022LaEco..37..411M 5008:2020LaEco..35.1809G 4970:www.wwfcaucasus.org 4700:2021PLoSO..1655042P 4632:2021GEcoC..2701618P 4573:2018PLoSO..1395387N 4462:10.18182/tjf.654954 4399:Good Morning Turkey 4252:Integrative Zoology 4169:on 19 December 2014 4142:on 27 December 2013 4031:Habibi, K. (2004). 3775:2011BCons.144.2752S 3522:2018PLoSO..1396602F 3410:2019NatSR...914622F 3094:on 2 December 2012. 3042:2015BCons.191..770F 2744:Toyran, K. (2018). 2203:2001MolEc..10.2617U 2160:1996ConBi..10.1115M 2121:2014MamBi..79..398K 2011:2001MolEc..10.2617U 1965:1996ConBi..10.1115M 1694:Wildcat Under Glass 1580:Sochi National Park 1477:Diyarbakır Province 1359:Rupicapra rupicapra 1319:Capreolus capreolus 1252:Ilisu State Reserve 1195:Beşparmak Mountains 1165:still exist in the 919:Diyarbakır Province 730: 349:zoological specimen 347:in 1856 based on a 215:P. p. tulliana 60:Conservation status 11015:European polecat ( 10848:Colombian weasel ( 10498:(African polecats) 10126:Caucasian badger ( 10054:(Eurasian badgers) 9504:(hog-nosed skunks) 9241:("southern seals") 9140:Halichoerus grypus 9071:("northern seals") 8943:Phocarctos hookeri 8848:Eumetopias jubatus 8846:Steller sea lion ( 8628:Asian black bear ( 8378:African wild dog ( 8332:(wolf-like canids) 7609:Atilax paludinosus 7568:Common kusimanse ( 7495:Dologale dybowskii 7467:Gambian mongoose ( 7251:Western falanouc ( 7242:Eastern falanouc ( 7211:Cryptoprocta ferox 7116:Parahyaena brunnea 6871:Johnston's genet ( 6826:Abyssinian genet ( 6778:(African linsangs) 6686:Viverricula indica 6617:Brown palm civet ( 6608:Asian palm civet ( 6515:Cynogale bennettii 6506:Chrotogale owstoni 6402:European wildcat ( 6393:Black-footed cat ( 5983:Leptailurus serval 5951:Asian golden cat ( 5717:(Asiatic linsangs) 5493:"Persian leopard ( 5398:Aksoy, E. (2021). 5293:P. p. ciscaucasica 4847:Sanei, A. (2016). 4813:(in Turkish). 2021 4513:on 19 October 2013 4507:Asia Life Sciences 4422:İhlas Haber Ajansı 4188:Crisp, W. (2020). 4136:Asia Life Sciences 3833:Borner M. (1977). 3705:) in Kazakhstan". 3398:Scientific Reports 3299:Asia Life Sciences 2606:"Does the leopard 2509:Sanei, A. (2007). 2290:10.7717/peerj.7243 1743:Wildlife of Turkey 1723:Leopard subspecies 1552:Wildlife corridors 1445:Kabardino-Balkaria 1405: 1386: 1102:Bamu National Park 1045: 997:Zangezur Mountains 953: 950:Zangezur Mountains 725: 664: 578:Azad Jammu Kashmir 463:Felis ciscaucasica 423: 417:, illustration by 277:P. p. ciscaucasica 30:For the film, see 27:Leopard subspecies 11215:Mammals of Russia 11190:Mammals of Turkey 11167: 11166: 11079:Taxon identifiers 11070: 11069: 11066: 11065: 11062: 11061: 11058: 11057: 11054: 11053: 11033:Siberian weasel ( 11024:American ermine ( 10952:Japanese weasel ( 10907:Mountain weasel ( 10891: 10814: 10813: 10600: 10585: 10584: 10581: 10580: 10569:Striped polecat ( 10519:Marbled polecat ( 10501: 10486: 10485: 10458: 10406: 10405: 10385:Japanese marten ( 10331:American marten ( 10324: 10182:M. cucphuongensis 10173: 10156: 10155: 10144:European badger ( 10117:Japanese badger ( 10057: 10010:American badger ( 9973: 9972: 9969: 9968: 9945: 9944: 9941: 9940: 9869: 9828:Northern olingo ( 9812: 9787:Cozumel raccoon ( 9762: 9686: 9685: 9640: 9599: 9507: 9488: 9430: 9429: 9426: 9425: 9422: 9421: 9418: 9417: 9414: 9413: 9404:Ommatophoca rossi 9377:Hydrurga leptonyx 9364: 9361:(Antarctic seals) 9334:M. angustirostris 9325: 9308: 9307: 9274:Monachus monachus 9261: 9244: 9229: 9228: 9225: 9224: 9074: 9057: 9040: 9039: 8902:Otaria flavescens 8891: 8890: 8802: 8770:Odobenus rosmarus 8734: 8733: 8730: 8729: 8726: 8725: 8722: 8721: 8685: 8662: 8661: 8658: 8657: 8560:Spectacled bear ( 8518: 8494: 8493: 8490: 8489: 8486: 8485: 8334: 8321: 8320: 8240:Crab-eating fox ( 8231:Short-eared dog ( 8179: 8164: 8151: 8150: 8033: 7975:Otocyon megalotis 7919: 7886: 7885: 7882: 7881: 7878: 7877: 7874: 7873: 7870: 7869: 7738:Yellow mongoose ( 7589: 7588: 7476:Banded mongoose ( 7445:Liberiictus kuhni 7399: 7380: 7379: 7376: 7375: 7263: 7262: 7189: 7158: 7157: 7154: 7153: 7150: 7149: 7094: 7055: 7021: 7020: 7017: 7016: 7013: 7012: 6985: 6984: 6981: 6980: 6977: 6976: 6973: 6972: 6925:Servaline genet ( 6844:Bourlon's genet ( 6819: 6780: 6756: 6755: 6638: 6637: 6610:P. hermaphroditus 6462: 6461: 6458: 6457: 6454: 6453: 6430: 6429: 6426: 6425: 6422: 6421: 6418: 6417: 6414: 6413: 6375:African wildcat ( 6332: 6331: 6302:Flat-headed cat ( 6242: 6241: 6026: 6025: 5963: 5962: 5877: 5876: 5873: 5872: 5801:Clouded leopard ( 5760: 5735:Spotted linsang ( 5719: 5684:Nandinia binotata 5511:on 12 August 2019 5365:Erön, A. (2020). 5271:on 3 October 2022 5154:10.1002/ece3.8069 5037:Landscape Ecology 4996:Landscape Ecology 4893:978-3-030-28001-7 4860:978-600-04-4354-2 3769:(12): 2752–2769. 3458:. 6 February 2021 2378:10.1111/bij.12473 2197:(11): 2617–2633. 2191:Molecular Ecology 2005:(11): 2617–2633. 1999:Molecular Ecology 1481:Tunceli Provinces 1440:economic crisis. 1419:is threatened by 1267:Kirthar Mountains 1085:Aladagh Mountains 891: 890: 532:subspecific names 525:analysis in 1996. 523:molecular genetic 503:Kirthar Mountains 351:found in western 334:Caucasian leopard 330:Anatolian leopard 318: 317: 83: 16:(Redirected from 11237: 11160: 11159: 11147: 11146: 11134: 11133: 11121: 11120: 11119: 11106: 11105: 11104: 11074: 11073: 11006:Malayan weasel ( 10925:Steppe polecat ( 10898:Sichuan weasel ( 10890: 10889: 10885: 10825: 10824: 10762:L. perspicillata 10727:Eurasian otter ( 10604: 10603: 10599: 10598: 10594: 10505: 10504: 10500: 10499: 10495: 10474:Greater grison ( 10457: 10456: 10452: 10426: 10425: 10417: 10416: 10367:Nilgiri marten ( 10340:Pacific marten ( 10323: 10322: 10318: 10244: 10243: 10227:M. subaurantiaca 10172: 10171: 10170:(ferret-badgers) 10167: 10061: 10060: 10056: 10055: 10051: 10003: 10002: 9992: 9991: 9979: 9978: 9873: 9872: 9868: 9867: 9863: 9811: 9810: 9806: 9761: 9760: 9756: 9697: 9696: 9639: 9638: 9637:(spotted skunks) 9634: 9598: 9597: 9593: 9506: 9505: 9501: 9492: 9491: 9487: 9486: 9478: 9449: 9448: 9436: 9435: 9393:Crabeater seal ( 9368: 9367: 9363: 9362: 9358: 9324: 9323: 9322:(elephant seals) 9319: 9298:N. schauinslandi 9265: 9264: 9260: 9259: 9255: 9248: 9247: 9243: 9242: 9238: 9113: 9112: 9078: 9077: 9073: 9072: 9068: 9061: 9060: 9056: 9055: 9049: 9010:Brown fur seal ( 8985:A. galapagoensis 8872:Z. californianus 8839: 8838: 8806: 8805: 8801: 8800: 8786: 8756: 8755: 8748: 8740: 8739: 8684: 8683: 8679: 8673: 8672: 8588:Melursus ursinus 8579: 8578: 8522: 8521: 8517: 8514: 8507: 8506: 8474:Ethiopian wolf ( 8338: 8337: 8333: 8330: 8183: 8182: 8178: 8175: 8168: 8167: 8163: 8160: 8049:Blanford's fox ( 8032: 8025: 7966: 7965: 7924: 7923: 7918: 7915: 7908: 7907: 7900: 7892: 7891: 7694:Ruddy mongoose ( 7676:Javan mongoose ( 7607:Marsh mongoose ( 7600: 7599: 7579:C. platycephalus 7412: 7411: 7403: 7402: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7274: 7273: 7218:Malagasy civet ( 7202: 7201: 7193: 7192: 7188: 7183: 7176: 7175: 7171: 7098: 7097: 7093: 7090: 7059: 7058: 7054: 7051: 7044: 7043: 7040: 7039: 7027: 7026: 6991: 6990: 6818: 6815: 6779: 6776: 6767: 6766: 6677: 6676: 6673: 6662: 6661: 6657: 6644: 6643: 6550: 6549: 6492: 6491: 6481: 6480: 6468: 6467: 6262:Otocolobus manul 6253: 6252: 6175: 6174: 6051:Geoffroy's cat ( 5974: 5973: 5904: 5903: 5895: 5894: 5890: 5778: 5777: 5769: 5768: 5765: 5764: 5759: 5756: 5749: 5748: 5726:Banded linsang ( 5718: 5715: 5707: 5706: 5696: 5695: 5675: 5674: 5664: 5663: 5656: 5648: 5647: 5593: 5586: 5579: 5570: 5569: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5545: 5528: 5520: 5518: 5516: 5500: 5479: 5478: 5473:Zei, A. (1968). 5470: 5464: 5463: 5458:Zei, A. (1963). 5455: 5449: 5448: 5436: 5430: 5429: 5417: 5408: 5407: 5395: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5362: 5356: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5335: 5329: 5328: 5303:(9): 1090–1106. 5287: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5257: 5251: 5250: 5242: 5236: 5235: 5225: 5215: 5213:10.1002/eap.2338 5183: 5177: 5176: 5166: 5156: 5124: 5118: 5117: 5107: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5028: 5022: 5021: 5019: 5002:(8): 1809–1825. 4987: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4937: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4912: 4906: 4905: 4871: 4865: 4864: 4844: 4838: 4837: 4829: 4823: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4803: 4797: 4796: 4794: 4792: 4777: 4771: 4770: 4758: 4749: 4748: 4738: 4732: 4731: 4721: 4711: 4679: 4673: 4672: 4652: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4611: 4605: 4604: 4594: 4584: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4529: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4494: 4488: 4487: 4473: 4467: 4466: 4464: 4440: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4413: 4407: 4406: 4401:. Archived from 4390: 4384: 4383: 4371: 4365: 4364: 4358: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4330: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4297: 4291: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4280: 4274:. Archived from 4249: 4236: 4230: 4229: 4222:TRAFFIC Bulletin 4213: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4158: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4127: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4103: 4094: 4088: 4087: 4081: 4072: 4066: 4065: 4043: 4037: 4036: 4028: 4022: 4021: 4019: 4008: 4002: 4001: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3976: 3967: 3961: 3960: 3958: 3940: 3927: 3918: 3917: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3897: 3891: 3890: 3866: 3857: 3856: 3854: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3801: 3795: 3794: 3760: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3736: 3730: 3729: 3717: 3711: 3710: 3698: 3692: 3691: 3689: 3661: 3655: 3654: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3619: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3579: 3573: 3572: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3543: 3533: 3501: 3495: 3494: 3489: 3483: 3482: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3456:Mehr News Agency 3448: 3442: 3441: 3431: 3421: 3389: 3383: 3382: 3356: 3343: 3332: 3331: 3321: 3312: 3303: 3302: 3290: 3284: 3283: 3271: 3262: 3261: 3259: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3216: 3210: 3209: 3201: 3195: 3194: 3162: 3156: 3155: 3143: 3137: 3136: 3124: 3118: 3117: 3111: 3102: 3096: 3095: 3079: 3073: 3072: 3060: 3054: 3053: 3027: 3014: 3005: 3004: 2971: 2956: 2955: 2923: 2917: 2916: 2910: 2897: 2891: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2871: 2865: 2864: 2862: 2853: 2842: 2841: 2833: 2827: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2807: 2801: 2800: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2760:(11): 7348–7353. 2741: 2735: 2734: 2702: 2691: 2690: 2688: 2660: 2651: 2650: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2629: 2601: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2580:(2): 1043–1059. 2561: 2550: 2549: 2543: 2534: 2521: 2520: 2516:) status in Iran 2506: 2500: 2499: 2493: 2484: 2473: 2472: 2446: 2433: 2424: 2423: 2413: 2389: 2383: 2382: 2380: 2352: 2346: 2345: 2339: 2329: 2323: 2322: 2312: 2302: 2292: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2237: 2231: 2230: 2178: 2172: 2171: 2154:(4): 1115–1132. 2139: 2133: 2132: 2100: 2094: 2093: 2091: 2063: 2054: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2044:on 28 April 2020 2043: 2037:. Archived from 1996: 1983: 1977: 1976: 1959:(4): 1115–1132. 1944: 1938: 1937: 1921: 1915: 1914: 1905:(116): 213–214. 1894: 1888: 1887: 1879: 1873: 1872: 1860: 1851: 1850: 1849:(June): 795–796. 1838: 1832: 1831: 1815: 1806: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1771: 1733:Zanzibar leopard 1716: 1711: 1710: 1692:, translated as 1672: 1634:Roman statesman 1561:Zagros Mountains 1543:umbrella species 1530:Talysh Mountains 1513:CITES Appendix I 1437:Iran-Iraq border 1382:Ahmad Shah Qajar 1323:goitered gazelle 1167:Taurus Mountains 1150:Historical range 1140:Mangystau Region 1030:Kurdistan Region 1005:Talysh Mountains 993:Gegham mountains 959:area and in the 903:Trabzon Province 895:Pontic Mountains 822:Nagorno-Karabakh 731: 724: 696:Greater Caucasus 574:genetic analysis 483:was proposed by 465:was proposed by 457:Richard Lydekker 455:was proposed by 396:CITES Appendix I 327:Persian leopard, 312: 304: 296: 285: 258:Distribution of 253: 235: 98: 97: 77: 72: 71: 53: 39: 38: 21: 11245: 11244: 11240: 11239: 11238: 11236: 11235: 11234: 11170: 11169: 11168: 11163: 11155: 11152:Observation.org 11150: 11142: 11137: 11129: 11124: 11115: 11114: 11109: 11100: 11099: 11094: 11081: 11071: 11050: 11026:M. richardsonii 10970:European mink ( 10887: 10886: 10884: 10874: 10866:American mink ( 10839:Amazon weasel ( 10810: 10768: 10744: 10711: 10694: 10670: 10619: 10596: 10595: 10593: 10577: 10544: 10527: 10497: 10496: 10494: 10482: 10465:Lesser grison ( 10454: 10453: 10451: 10441: 10402: 10320: 10319: 10317: 10307: 10283: 10259: 10233: 10169: 10168: 10166: 10152: 10101: 10053: 10052: 10050: 10042: 10018: 9999: 9986: 9965: 9937: 9904: 9865: 9864: 9862: 9854: 9808: 9807: 9805: 9795: 9758: 9757: 9755: 9745: 9712: 9682: 9649:S. angustifrons 9636: 9635: 9633: 9623: 9596:(stink badgers) 9595: 9594: 9592: 9582: 9574:Striped skunk ( 9549: 9543:C. semistriatus 9503: 9502: 9500: 9480: 9479: 9477: 9469: 9463:Ailurus fulgens 9443: 9410: 9360: 9359: 9357: 9349: 9321: 9320: 9318: 9304: 9280: 9257: 9256: 9254: 9240: 9239: 9237: 9221: 9179: 9146: 9102: 9070: 9069: 9067: 9053: 9051: 9050: 9048: 9036: 8949: 8932: 8908: 8887: 8854: 8828: 8795: 8790: 8788: 8787: 8785: 8781: 8776: 8750: 8746: 8718: 8698: 8681: 8680: 8654: 8603: 8568: 8544: 8515: 8513: 8503: 8482: 8411:Golden jackal ( 8395: 8369: 8331: 8329: 8317: 8248: 8242:Cerdocyon thous 8222: 8198: 8176: 8174: 8161: 8159: 8147: 8112:Rüppell's fox ( 8026: 8024: 8014: 7999:N. procyonoides 7981: 7973:Bat-eared fox ( 7955: 7920: 7916: 7902: 7898: 7866: 7851:H. pulverulenta 7806: 7764: 7720: 7687:U. semitorquata 7642:U. auropunctata 7624: 7585: 7534: 7501: 7484: 7451: 7434: 7396: 7394: 7389: 7388: 7372: 7339: 7322: 7289: 7283:Galidia elegans 7259: 7226: 7186: 7184: 7182: 7172: 7167: 7146: 7138:Spotted hyena ( 7122: 7105:Striped hyena ( 7091: 7089: 7081: 7052: 7050: 7034: 7009: 6969: 6907:Aquatic genet ( 6898:Pardine genet ( 6835:Angolan genet ( 6816: 6814: 6804: 6789:P. richardsonii 6777: 6775: 6752: 6735:Malayan civet ( 6701: 6693:African civet ( 6669: 6668: 6658: 6653: 6652: 6648: 6634: 6592: 6539: 6524:Diplogale hosei 6488: 6475: 6450: 6410: 6328: 6268: 6248: 6238: 6214: 6197: 6170: 6164: 6138:Eurasian lynx ( 6113: 6022: 5989: 5969: 5959: 5926: 5899: 5891: 5886: 5869: 5809: 5761: 5757: 5743: 5716: 5703: 5690: 5671: 5658: 5654: 5642: 5604: 5597: 5559: 5557: 5548: 5536: 5523: 5514: 5512: 5503: 5491: 5488: 5483: 5482: 5471: 5467: 5456: 5452: 5437: 5433: 5418: 5411: 5396: 5392: 5363: 5359: 5349: 5347: 5337: 5336: 5332: 5288: 5284: 5274: 5272: 5259: 5258: 5254: 5243: 5239: 5184: 5180: 5125: 5121: 5076: 5072: 5029: 5025: 4988: 4984: 4974: 4972: 4964: 4963: 4959: 4949: 4947: 4939: 4938: 4934: 4924: 4922: 4914: 4913: 4909: 4894: 4872: 4868: 4861: 4845: 4841: 4830: 4826: 4816: 4814: 4805: 4804: 4800: 4790: 4788: 4779: 4778: 4774: 4759: 4752: 4739: 4735: 4694:(7): e0255042. 4680: 4676: 4653: 4649: 4612: 4608: 4567:(4): e0195387. 4549: 4545: 4530: 4526: 4516: 4514: 4495: 4491: 4474: 4470: 4441: 4437: 4427: 4425: 4414: 4410: 4391: 4387: 4372: 4368: 4352: 4351: 4344: 4342: 4331: 4327: 4298: 4294: 4284: 4282: 4281:on 31 July 2013 4278: 4247: 4243:Panthera pardus 4237: 4233: 4214: 4210: 4200: 4198: 4186: 4182: 4172: 4170: 4159: 4155: 4145: 4143: 4128: 4124: 4119:on 3 July 2013. 4116: 4101: 4095: 4091: 4079: 4073: 4069: 4062: 4048:Panthera pardus 4044: 4040: 4029: 4025: 4017: 4009: 4005: 3990: 3986: 3974: 3968: 3964: 3938: 3934:Panthera pardus 3928: 3921: 3910: 3906: 3898: 3894: 3867: 3860: 3831: 3827: 3802: 3798: 3758: 3752: 3748: 3737: 3733: 3718: 3714: 3703:Panthera pardus 3699: 3695: 3668:Panthera pardus 3662: 3658: 3643:Panthera pardus 3639: 3635: 3620: 3613: 3580: 3576: 3569:Iran Front Page 3561: 3557: 3516:(5): e0196602. 3502: 3498: 3490: 3486: 3475: 3471: 3461: 3459: 3450: 3449: 3445: 3390: 3386: 3354: 3344: 3335: 3319: 3313: 3306: 3291: 3287: 3272: 3265: 3236: 3232: 3217: 3213: 3202: 3198: 3167:Panthera pardus 3163: 3159: 3144: 3140: 3125: 3121: 3109: 3103: 3099: 3080: 3076: 3061: 3057: 3025: 3015: 3008: 2977:Panthera pardus 2972: 2959: 2924: 2920: 2908: 2904:Panthera pardus 2898: 2894: 2884: 2882: 2872: 2868: 2860: 2854: 2845: 2834: 2830: 2820: 2818: 2809: 2808: 2804: 2773:Panthera pardus 2769: 2765: 2748:Panthera pardus 2742: 2738: 2707:Panthera pardus 2703: 2694: 2661: 2654: 2639: 2635: 2608:Panthera pardus 2602: 2595: 2562: 2553: 2541: 2535: 2524: 2514:Panthera pardus 2507: 2503: 2491: 2485: 2476: 2444: 2434: 2427: 2398:Mammal Research 2390: 2386: 2359:Panthera pardus 2353: 2349: 2337: 2330: 2326: 2271:Panthera pardus 2265: 2261: 2238: 2234: 2185:Panthera pardus 2179: 2175: 2144:Panthera pardus 2140: 2136: 2105:Panthera pardus 2101: 2097: 2070:Panthera pardus 2064: 2057: 2047: 2045: 2041: 1994: 1990:Panthera pardus 1984: 1980: 1945: 1941: 1922: 1918: 1895: 1891: 1880: 1876: 1861: 1854: 1839: 1835: 1816: 1809: 1799: 1797: 1778:Panthera pardus 1772: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1728:Chinese leopard 1712: 1705: 1702: 1613: 1601: 1576: 1509:Panthera pardus 1506: 1485:reforest Turkey 1375: 1343:Lepus europaeus 1283: 1269:, northeastern 1263:Wakhan corridor 1227:locally extinct 1152: 1110:Bamyan Province 1069:Camera trapping 931:Şırnak Province 923:Bitlis Province 712:Lesser Caucasus 690:The habitat of 688: 656: 654:Characteristics 628:Arabian leopard 601: 566:P. p. saxicolor 560:barrier to the 519:P. p. saxicolor 430:scientific name 408: 357:Iranian Plateau 343:that was first 310: 302: 291: 289:P. p. saxicolor 279: 244: 237: 231: 218: 204: 92: 84: 73: 69: 62: 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Persian leopard 15: 12: 11: 5: 11243: 11233: 11232: 11227: 11225:Felids of Asia 11222: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11202: 11197: 11192: 11187: 11182: 11165: 11164: 11162: 11161: 11148: 11135: 11122: 11107: 11091: 11089: 11083: 11082: 11068: 11067: 11064: 11063: 11060: 11059: 11056: 11055: 11052: 11051: 11049: 11048: 11044:M. strigidorsa 11039: 11030: 11021: 11012: 11003: 10997:Least weasel ( 10994: 10985: 10976: 10967: 10958: 10949: 10943:Haida ermine ( 10940: 10931: 10927:M. eversmannii 10922: 10913: 10904: 10894: 10892: 10876: 10875: 10873: 10872: 10863: 10854: 10845: 10835: 10833: 10822: 10816: 10815: 10812: 10811: 10809: 10808: 10799: 10790: 10780: 10778: 10770: 10769: 10767: 10766: 10756: 10754: 10746: 10745: 10743: 10742: 10733: 10723: 10721: 10713: 10712: 10710: 10709: 10699: 10696: 10695: 10693: 10692: 10682: 10680: 10672: 10671: 10669: 10668: 10659: 10655:L. longicaudis 10650: 10644:Marine otter ( 10641: 10631: 10629: 10621: 10620: 10618: 10617: 10607: 10601: 10587: 10586: 10583: 10582: 10579: 10578: 10576: 10575: 10566: 10556: 10554: 10546: 10545: 10543: 10542: 10532: 10529: 10528: 10526: 10525: 10515: 10513: 10502: 10488: 10487: 10484: 10483: 10481: 10480: 10471: 10461: 10459: 10443: 10442: 10440: 10439: 10429: 10423: 10414: 10408: 10407: 10404: 10403: 10401: 10400: 10391: 10382: 10373: 10364: 10358:Beech marten ( 10355: 10346: 10337: 10327: 10325: 10309: 10308: 10306: 10305: 10295: 10293: 10285: 10284: 10282: 10281: 10271: 10269: 10261: 10260: 10258: 10257: 10247: 10241: 10235: 10234: 10232: 10231: 10222: 10213: 10204: 10195: 10186: 10176: 10174: 10158: 10157: 10154: 10153: 10151: 10150: 10141: 10135:Asian badger ( 10132: 10123: 10113: 10111: 10103: 10102: 10100: 10099: 10090: 10081: 10077:A. albogularis 10071: 10069: 10058: 10044: 10043: 10041: 10040: 10034:Honey badger ( 10030: 10028: 10020: 10019: 10017: 10016: 10006: 10000: 9995: 9988: 9987: 9975: 9974: 9971: 9970: 9967: 9966: 9964: 9963: 9962: 9961: 9955: 9953: 9947: 9946: 9943: 9942: 9939: 9938: 9936: 9935: 9926: 9916: 9914: 9906: 9905: 9903: 9902: 9893: 9883: 9881: 9870: 9856: 9855: 9853: 9852: 9843: 9834: 9825: 9815: 9813: 9797: 9796: 9794: 9793: 9784: 9775: 9771:P. cancrivorus 9765: 9763: 9747: 9746: 9744: 9743: 9739:B. sumichrasti 9734: 9724: 9722: 9714: 9713: 9711: 9710: 9700: 9694: 9688: 9687: 9684: 9683: 9681: 9680: 9671: 9662: 9653: 9643: 9641: 9625: 9624: 9622: 9621: 9612: 9602: 9600: 9584: 9583: 9581: 9580: 9571: 9565:Hooded skunk ( 9561: 9559: 9551: 9550: 9548: 9547: 9538: 9529: 9520: 9510: 9508: 9489: 9471: 9470: 9468: 9467: 9457: 9455: 9445: 9444: 9432: 9431: 9428: 9427: 9424: 9423: 9420: 9419: 9416: 9415: 9412: 9411: 9409: 9408: 9399: 9390: 9384:Weddell seal ( 9381: 9375:Leopard seal ( 9371: 9365: 9351: 9350: 9348: 9347: 9338: 9328: 9326: 9310: 9309: 9306: 9305: 9303: 9302: 9292: 9290: 9282: 9281: 9279: 9278: 9268: 9262: 9245: 9231: 9230: 9227: 9226: 9223: 9222: 9220: 9219: 9210: 9201: 9195:Caspian seal ( 9191: 9189: 9181: 9180: 9178: 9177: 9168: 9162:Spotted seal ( 9158: 9156: 9148: 9147: 9145: 9144: 9135: 9126: 9116: 9110: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9100: 9091: 9085:Bearded seal ( 9081: 9075: 9058: 9054:or true seals) 9052:(earless seals 9042: 9041: 9038: 9037: 9035: 9034: 9025: 9016: 9007: 8998: 8989: 8980: 8971: 8961: 8959: 8951: 8950: 8948: 8947: 8937: 8934: 8933: 8931: 8930: 8920: 8918: 8910: 8909: 8907: 8906: 8896: 8893: 8892: 8889: 8888: 8886: 8885: 8876: 8866: 8864: 8856: 8855: 8853: 8852: 8842: 8836: 8830: 8829: 8827: 8826: 8816: 8814: 8803: 8778: 8777: 8775: 8774: 8764: 8762: 8752: 8751: 8736: 8735: 8732: 8731: 8728: 8727: 8724: 8723: 8720: 8719: 8717: 8716: 8715: 8714: 8708: 8706: 8700: 8699: 8697: 8696: 8695: 8694: 8688: 8686: 8670: 8664: 8663: 8660: 8659: 8656: 8655: 8653: 8652: 8643: 8634: 8625: 8615: 8613: 8605: 8604: 8602: 8601: 8592: 8582: 8576: 8570: 8569: 8567: 8566: 8556: 8554: 8546: 8545: 8543: 8542: 8538:A. melanoleuca 8532: 8530: 8519: 8504: 8499: 8496: 8495: 8492: 8491: 8488: 8487: 8484: 8483: 8481: 8480: 8471: 8462: 8456:Eastern wolf ( 8453: 8444: 8438:African wolf ( 8435: 8426: 8420:Domestic dog ( 8417: 8407: 8405: 8397: 8396: 8394: 8393: 8384: 8374: 8371: 8370: 8368: 8367: 8358: 8348: 8346: 8335: 8323: 8322: 8319: 8318: 8316: 8315: 8306: 8300:Sechuran fox ( 8297: 8293:L. gymnocercus 8288: 8279: 8273:Darwin's fox ( 8270: 8260: 8258: 8250: 8249: 8247: 8246: 8237: 8227: 8224: 8223: 8221: 8220: 8210: 8208: 8200: 8199: 8197: 8196: 8186: 8180: 8165: 8153: 8152: 8149: 8148: 8146: 8145: 8136: 8127: 8118: 8109: 8100: 8091: 8082: 8073: 8064: 8055: 8046: 8042:V. bengalensis 8036: 8034: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8012: 8003: 7993: 7991: 7983: 7982: 7980: 7979: 7969: 7963: 7957: 7956: 7954: 7953: 7944: 7934: 7932: 7921: 7911: 7904: 7903: 7888: 7887: 7884: 7883: 7880: 7879: 7876: 7875: 7872: 7871: 7868: 7867: 7865: 7864: 7855: 7846: 7837: 7828: 7818: 7816: 7808: 7807: 7805: 7804: 7795: 7786: 7782:B. crassicauda 7776: 7774: 7766: 7765: 7763: 7762: 7753: 7744: 7735: 7725: 7722: 7721: 7719: 7718: 7709: 7700: 7691: 7682: 7673: 7664: 7655: 7646: 7636: 7634: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7622: 7613: 7603: 7597: 7591: 7590: 7587: 7586: 7584: 7583: 7574: 7565: 7556: 7546: 7544: 7536: 7535: 7533: 7532: 7523: 7513: 7511: 7503: 7502: 7500: 7499: 7489: 7486: 7485: 7483: 7482: 7473: 7463: 7461: 7453: 7452: 7450: 7449: 7439: 7436: 7435: 7433: 7432: 7422: 7420: 7409: 7400: 7382: 7381: 7378: 7377: 7374: 7373: 7371: 7370: 7361: 7351: 7349: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7337: 7327: 7324: 7323: 7321: 7320: 7316:G. grandidieri 7311: 7301: 7299: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7287: 7277: 7271: 7265: 7264: 7261: 7260: 7258: 7257: 7248: 7238: 7236: 7228: 7227: 7225: 7224: 7215: 7205: 7199: 7190: 7173: 7163: 7160: 7159: 7156: 7155: 7152: 7151: 7148: 7147: 7145: 7144: 7134: 7132: 7124: 7123: 7121: 7120: 7111: 7101: 7095: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7079: 7069: 7067: 7056: 7036: 7035: 7023: 7022: 7019: 7018: 7015: 7014: 7011: 7010: 7008: 7007: 7006: 7005: 6999: 6997: 6987: 6986: 6983: 6982: 6979: 6978: 6975: 6974: 6971: 6970: 6968: 6967: 6958: 6949: 6940: 6931: 6922: 6913: 6904: 6895: 6886: 6880:Letaba genet ( 6877: 6868: 6862:Common genet ( 6859: 6850: 6841: 6832: 6822: 6820: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6802: 6793: 6783: 6781: 6764: 6758: 6757: 6754: 6753: 6751: 6750: 6741: 6732: 6723: 6713: 6711: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6699: 6690: 6680: 6674: 6659: 6647: 6640: 6639: 6636: 6635: 6633: 6632: 6628:P. zeylonensis 6623: 6614: 6604: 6602: 6594: 6593: 6591: 6590: 6586:Paguma larvata 6581: 6572: 6563: 6553: 6547: 6541: 6540: 6538: 6537: 6528: 6519: 6510: 6500: 6498: 6489: 6484: 6477: 6476: 6464: 6463: 6460: 6459: 6456: 6455: 6452: 6451: 6449: 6448: 6447: 6446: 6440: 6438: 6432: 6431: 6428: 6427: 6424: 6423: 6420: 6419: 6416: 6415: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6408: 6399: 6390: 6381: 6372: 6363: 6357:Domestic cat ( 6354: 6344: 6342: 6334: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6326: 6317: 6313:P. rubiginosus 6308: 6299: 6290: 6286:P. bengalensis 6280: 6278: 6270: 6269: 6267: 6266: 6260:Pallas's cat ( 6256: 6250: 6244: 6243: 6240: 6239: 6237: 6236: 6226: 6224: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6212: 6202: 6199: 6198: 6196: 6195: 6185: 6183: 6172: 6166: 6165: 6163: 6162: 6153: 6147:Iberian lynx ( 6144: 6135: 6125: 6123: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6111: 6102: 6093: 6084: 6075: 6066: 6057: 6048: 6038: 6036: 6028: 6027: 6024: 6023: 6021: 6020: 6011: 6001: 5999: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5987: 5977: 5971: 5965: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5957: 5948: 5938: 5936: 5928: 5927: 5925: 5924: 5914: 5912: 5901: 5892: 5882: 5879: 5878: 5875: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5867: 5858: 5849: 5840: 5831: 5825:Snow leopard ( 5821: 5819: 5811: 5810: 5808: 5807: 5798: 5788: 5786: 5775: 5762: 5752: 5745: 5744: 5742: 5741: 5732: 5722: 5720: 5704: 5699: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5688: 5678: 5672: 5667: 5660: 5659: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5640: 5638:Laurasiatheria 5634: 5628: 5622: 5616: 5609: 5606: 5605: 5596: 5595: 5588: 5581: 5573: 5567: 5566: 5546: 5534: 5529: 5521: 5501: 5487: 5486:External links 5484: 5481: 5480: 5465: 5450: 5431: 5409: 5390: 5373:(in Turkish). 5357: 5330: 5282: 5252: 5237: 5178: 5119: 5070: 5043:(2): 411–430. 5023: 4982: 4957: 4932: 4907: 4892: 4866: 4859: 4839: 4824: 4798: 4785:eurasianet.org 4772: 4750: 4733: 4674: 4647: 4606: 4543: 4524: 4489: 4468: 4435: 4408: 4385: 4380:Mehmet Ertüzün 4366: 4325: 4312:(3): 452–460. 4292: 4258:(3): 322–332. 4231: 4208: 4180: 4153: 4122: 4089: 4067: 4060: 4038: 4023: 4003: 3984: 3962: 3919: 3904: 3892: 3858: 3825: 3796: 3746: 3731: 3712: 3693: 3680:(2): 248–253. 3656: 3633: 3611: 3598:(4): 551–557. 3574: 3555: 3496: 3484: 3469: 3443: 3384: 3333: 3304: 3285: 3263: 3250:(2): 161–172. 3230: 3211: 3196: 3157: 3138: 3119: 3097: 3074: 3055: 3006: 2957: 2918: 2892: 2866: 2843: 2828: 2802: 2783:(3): 198–205. 2763: 2736: 2692: 2652: 2633: 2620:(2): 228–232. 2593: 2551: 2522: 2501: 2474: 2425: 2404:(4): 701–708. 2384: 2371:(4): 721–736. 2347: 2324: 2259: 2232: 2173: 2134: 2115:(6): 398–405. 2095: 2055: 1978: 1939: 1916: 1889: 1874: 1852: 1833: 1807: 1754: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1745: 1740: 1738:Leopard attack 1735: 1730: 1725: 1719: 1718: 1717: 1701: 1698: 1612: 1609: 1600: 1597: 1575: 1572: 1568:metapopulation 1505: 1502: 1497:trophy hunters 1473:Siirt Province 1417:P. p. tulliana 1374: 1371: 1351:Equus hemionus 1335:Hystrix indica 1295:Capra aegagrus 1287:P. p. tulliana 1282: 1279: 1223:trophy hunting 1179:P. p. tulliana 1155:P. p. tulliana 1151: 1148: 1093:radio-collared 1059:spraying urine 1014:Gilan Province 915:Çınar district 911:riparian zones 889: 888: 883: 880: 874: 873: 870: 867: 863: 862: 859: 856: 852: 851: 848: 845: 841: 840: 837: 834: 830: 829: 826: 823: 819: 818: 815: 812: 808: 807: 804: 801: 797: 796: 793: 790: 786: 785: 782: 779: 775: 774: 771: 768: 764: 763: 760: 757: 753: 752: 749: 746: 742: 741: 738: 735: 728:P. p. tulliana 726:Population of 692:P. p. tulliana 687: 684: 667:P. p. tulliana 655: 652: 609:P. p. tulliana 600: 597: 593:P. p. tulliana 527: 526: 511:Indian leopard 496: 478: 475:North Caucasus 473:region in the 460: 426:Felis tulliana 407: 404: 325:, also called 316: 315: 314: 313: 311:Zukowsky, 1964 305: 297: 286: 271: 270: 264: 263: 260:P. p. tulliana 255: 254: 246: 245: 238: 227: 226: 224:Trinomial name 220: 219: 212: 210: 206: 205: 201:P. pardus 198: 196: 192: 191: 184: 180: 179: 174: 170: 169: 164: 160: 159: 154: 150: 149: 144: 140: 139: 134: 130: 129: 124: 120: 119: 114: 110: 109: 104: 100: 99: 86: 85: 67: 64: 63: 58: 55: 54: 46: 45: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11242: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11205:Fauna of Iran 11203: 11201: 11198: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11177: 11175: 11158: 11153: 11149: 11145: 11140: 11136: 11132: 11127: 11123: 11118: 11112: 11108: 11103: 11097: 11093: 11092: 11090: 11088: 11084: 11080: 11075: 11047: 11045: 11040: 11038: 11036: 11031: 11029: 11027: 11022: 11020: 11018: 11013: 11011: 11009: 11004: 11002: 11000: 10995: 10993: 10991: 10986: 10984: 10982: 10981:M. lutreolina 10977: 10975: 10973: 10968: 10966: 10964: 10959: 10957: 10955: 10950: 10948: 10946: 10941: 10939: 10937: 10932: 10930: 10928: 10923: 10921: 10919: 10914: 10912: 10910: 10905: 10903: 10901: 10896: 10895: 10893: 10883: 10882: 10877: 10871: 10869: 10864: 10862: 10860: 10855: 10853: 10851: 10846: 10844: 10842: 10837: 10836: 10834: 10832: 10831: 10826: 10823: 10821: 10817: 10807: 10805: 10800: 10798: 10796: 10791: 10789: 10787: 10782: 10781: 10779: 10777: 10776: 10771: 10765: 10763: 10758: 10757: 10755: 10753: 10752: 10747: 10741: 10739: 10734: 10732: 10730: 10725: 10724: 10722: 10720: 10719: 10714: 10708: 10706: 10701: 10700: 10697: 10691: 10689: 10684: 10683: 10681: 10679: 10678: 10673: 10667: 10665: 10660: 10658: 10656: 10651: 10649: 10647: 10642: 10640: 10638: 10637:L. canadensis 10633: 10632: 10630: 10628: 10627: 10622: 10616: 10614: 10611:Giant otter ( 10609: 10608: 10605: 10602: 10592: 10588: 10574: 10572: 10567: 10565: 10563: 10558: 10557: 10555: 10553: 10552: 10547: 10541: 10539: 10534: 10533: 10530: 10524: 10522: 10517: 10516: 10514: 10512: 10511: 10506: 10503: 10493: 10489: 10479: 10477: 10472: 10470: 10468: 10463: 10462: 10460: 10450: 10449: 10444: 10438: 10436: 10431: 10430: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10409: 10399: 10397: 10392: 10390: 10388: 10383: 10381: 10379: 10374: 10372: 10370: 10369:M. gwatkinsii 10365: 10363: 10361: 10356: 10354: 10352: 10347: 10345: 10343: 10338: 10336: 10334: 10329: 10328: 10326: 10316: 10315: 10310: 10304: 10302: 10297: 10296: 10294: 10292: 10291: 10286: 10280: 10278: 10273: 10272: 10270: 10268: 10267: 10262: 10256: 10254: 10249: 10248: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10236: 10230: 10228: 10223: 10221: 10219: 10214: 10212: 10210: 10209:M. orientalis 10205: 10203: 10201: 10196: 10194: 10192: 10187: 10185: 10183: 10178: 10177: 10175: 10165: 10164: 10159: 10149: 10147: 10142: 10140: 10138: 10133: 10131: 10129: 10124: 10122: 10120: 10115: 10114: 10112: 10110: 10109: 10104: 10098: 10096: 10091: 10089: 10087: 10082: 10080: 10078: 10073: 10072: 10070: 10068: 10067: 10062: 10059: 10049: 10045: 10039: 10037: 10032: 10031: 10029: 10027: 10026: 10021: 10015: 10013: 10012:Taxidea taxus 10008: 10007: 10004: 10001: 9998: 9993: 9989: 9985: 9980: 9976: 9959: 9958: 9957: 9956: 9954: 9952: 9948: 9934: 9932: 9927: 9925: 9923: 9922:N. meridensis 9918: 9917: 9915: 9913: 9912: 9907: 9901: 9899: 9894: 9892: 9890: 9885: 9884: 9882: 9880: 9879: 9874: 9871: 9861: 9857: 9851: 9849: 9844: 9842: 9840: 9835: 9833: 9831: 9826: 9824: 9822: 9817: 9816: 9814: 9804: 9803: 9798: 9792: 9790: 9785: 9783: 9781: 9776: 9774: 9772: 9767: 9766: 9764: 9754: 9753: 9748: 9742: 9740: 9735: 9733: 9731: 9726: 9725: 9723: 9721: 9720: 9715: 9709: 9707: 9702: 9701: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9689: 9679: 9677: 9672: 9670: 9668: 9663: 9661: 9659: 9654: 9652: 9650: 9645: 9644: 9642: 9632: 9631: 9626: 9620: 9618: 9613: 9611: 9609: 9608:M. javanensis 9604: 9603: 9601: 9591: 9590: 9585: 9579: 9577: 9572: 9570: 9568: 9563: 9562: 9560: 9558: 9557: 9552: 9546: 9544: 9539: 9537: 9535: 9534:C. leuconotus 9530: 9528: 9526: 9525:C. humboldtii 9521: 9519: 9517: 9512: 9511: 9509: 9499: 9498: 9493: 9490: 9484: 9476: 9472: 9466: 9464: 9459: 9458: 9456: 9454: 9450: 9446: 9442: 9437: 9433: 9407: 9405: 9400: 9398: 9396: 9391: 9389: 9387: 9382: 9380: 9378: 9373: 9372: 9369: 9366: 9356: 9352: 9346: 9344: 9339: 9337: 9335: 9330: 9329: 9327: 9317: 9316: 9311: 9301: 9299: 9294: 9293: 9291: 9289: 9288: 9283: 9277: 9275: 9270: 9269: 9266: 9263: 9253: 9249: 9246: 9236: 9232: 9218: 9216: 9213:Baikal seal ( 9211: 9209: 9207: 9204:Ringed seal ( 9202: 9200: 9198: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9188: 9187: 9182: 9176: 9174: 9171:Harbor seal ( 9169: 9167: 9165: 9160: 9159: 9157: 9155: 9154: 9149: 9143: 9141: 9136: 9134: 9132: 9129:Ribbon seal ( 9127: 9125: 9123: 9118: 9117: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9105: 9099: 9097: 9094:Hooded seal ( 9092: 9090: 9088: 9083: 9082: 9079: 9076: 9066: 9062: 9059: 9047: 9043: 9033: 9031: 9030:A. tropicalis 9026: 9024: 9022: 9017: 9015: 9013: 9008: 9006: 9004: 8999: 8997: 8995: 8990: 8988: 8986: 8981: 8979: 8977: 8972: 8970: 8968: 8963: 8962: 8960: 8958: 8957: 8956:Arctocephalus 8952: 8946: 8944: 8939: 8938: 8935: 8929: 8927: 8922: 8921: 8919: 8917: 8916: 8911: 8905: 8903: 8898: 8897: 8894: 8884: 8882: 8881:Z. wollebaeki 8877: 8875: 8873: 8868: 8867: 8865: 8863: 8862: 8857: 8851: 8849: 8844: 8843: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8831: 8825: 8823: 8818: 8817: 8815: 8813: 8812: 8807: 8804: 8798: 8793: 8789:(eared seals: 8784: 8779: 8773: 8771: 8766: 8765: 8763: 8761: 8757: 8753: 8749: 8741: 8737: 8712: 8711: 8710: 8709: 8707: 8705: 8701: 8692: 8691: 8690: 8689: 8687: 8678: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8665: 8651: 8649: 8644: 8642: 8640: 8635: 8633: 8631: 8630:U. thibetanus 8626: 8624: 8622: 8621:U. americanus 8617: 8616: 8614: 8612: 8611: 8606: 8600: 8598: 8593: 8591: 8589: 8584: 8583: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8571: 8565: 8563: 8558: 8557: 8555: 8553: 8552: 8547: 8541: 8539: 8536:Giant panda ( 8534: 8533: 8531: 8529: 8528: 8523: 8520: 8512: 8508: 8505: 8502: 8497: 8479: 8477: 8472: 8470: 8468: 8463: 8461: 8459: 8454: 8452: 8450: 8445: 8443: 8441: 8436: 8434: 8432: 8427: 8425: 8423: 8422:C. familiaris 8418: 8416: 8414: 8409: 8408: 8406: 8404: 8403: 8398: 8392: 8390: 8385: 8383: 8381: 8380:Lycaon pictus 8376: 8375: 8372: 8366: 8364: 8359: 8357: 8355: 8350: 8349: 8347: 8345: 8344: 8339: 8336: 8328: 8324: 8314: 8312: 8307: 8305: 8303: 8298: 8296: 8294: 8289: 8287: 8285: 8280: 8278: 8276: 8271: 8269: 8267: 8262: 8261: 8259: 8257: 8256: 8251: 8245: 8243: 8238: 8236: 8234: 8229: 8228: 8225: 8219: 8217: 8212: 8211: 8209: 8207: 8206: 8201: 8195: 8193: 8188: 8187: 8184: 8181: 8173: 8169: 8166: 8158: 8154: 8144: 8142: 8137: 8135: 8133: 8128: 8126: 8124: 8119: 8117: 8115: 8110: 8108: 8106: 8101: 8099: 8097: 8092: 8090: 8088: 8083: 8081: 8079: 8076:Tibetan fox ( 8074: 8072: 8070: 8065: 8063: 8061: 8056: 8054: 8052: 8047: 8045: 8043: 8038: 8037: 8035: 8030: 8023: 8022: 8017: 8011: 8009: 8008:N. viverrinus 8004: 8002: 8000: 7995: 7994: 7992: 7990: 7989: 7984: 7978: 7976: 7971: 7970: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7958: 7952: 7950: 7949:U. littoralis 7945: 7943: 7941: 7936: 7935: 7933: 7931: 7930: 7925: 7922: 7914: 7909: 7905: 7901: 7893: 7889: 7863: 7861: 7856: 7854: 7852: 7847: 7845: 7843: 7838: 7836: 7834: 7829: 7827: 7825: 7824:H. flavescens 7820: 7819: 7817: 7815: 7814: 7809: 7803: 7801: 7796: 7794: 7792: 7787: 7785: 7783: 7778: 7777: 7775: 7773: 7772: 7767: 7761: 7759: 7754: 7752: 7750: 7745: 7743: 7741: 7736: 7734: 7732: 7727: 7726: 7723: 7717: 7715: 7714:U. vitticolla 7710: 7708: 7706: 7701: 7699: 7697: 7692: 7690: 7688: 7683: 7681: 7679: 7674: 7672: 7670: 7665: 7663: 7661: 7656: 7654: 7652: 7647: 7645: 7643: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7633: 7632: 7627: 7621: 7619: 7618:Xenogale naso 7614: 7612: 7610: 7605: 7604: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7592: 7582: 7580: 7575: 7573: 7571: 7566: 7564: 7562: 7557: 7555: 7553: 7548: 7547: 7545: 7543: 7542: 7537: 7531: 7529: 7524: 7522: 7520: 7515: 7514: 7512: 7510: 7509: 7504: 7498: 7496: 7491: 7490: 7487: 7481: 7479: 7474: 7472: 7470: 7465: 7464: 7462: 7460: 7459: 7454: 7448: 7446: 7441: 7440: 7437: 7431: 7429: 7424: 7423: 7421: 7419: 7418: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7404: 7401: 7392: 7391:sensu stricto 7387: 7383: 7369: 7367: 7362: 7360: 7358: 7353: 7352: 7350: 7348: 7347: 7342: 7336: 7334: 7329: 7328: 7325: 7319: 7317: 7312: 7310: 7308: 7303: 7302: 7300: 7298: 7297: 7292: 7286: 7284: 7279: 7278: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7266: 7256: 7254: 7249: 7247: 7245: 7240: 7239: 7237: 7235: 7234: 7229: 7223: 7221: 7220:Fossa fossana 7216: 7214: 7212: 7207: 7206: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7194: 7191: 7181: 7177: 7174: 7170: 7166: 7161: 7143: 7141: 7136: 7135: 7133: 7131: 7130: 7125: 7119: 7117: 7114:Brown hyena ( 7112: 7110: 7108: 7107:Hyaena hyaena 7103: 7102: 7099: 7096: 7088: 7084: 7078: 7076: 7071: 7070: 7068: 7066: 7065: 7060: 7057: 7049: 7045: 7041: 7037: 7033: 7028: 7024: 7003: 7002: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6996: 6992: 6988: 6966: 6964: 6959: 6957: 6955: 6950: 6948: 6946: 6941: 6939: 6937: 6934:Hausa genet ( 6932: 6930: 6928: 6923: 6921: 6919: 6914: 6912: 6910: 6905: 6903: 6901: 6896: 6894: 6892: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6878: 6876: 6874: 6869: 6867: 6865: 6860: 6858: 6856: 6851: 6849: 6847: 6842: 6840: 6838: 6837:G. angolensis 6833: 6831: 6829: 6828:G. abyssinica 6824: 6823: 6821: 6813: 6812: 6807: 6801: 6799: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6774: 6773: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6759: 6749: 6747: 6742: 6740: 6738: 6737:V. tangalunga 6733: 6731: 6729: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6715: 6714: 6712: 6710: 6709: 6704: 6698: 6696: 6691: 6689: 6687: 6682: 6681: 6678: 6675: 6672: 6671:sensu stricto 6667: 6663: 6660: 6656: 6651: 6645: 6641: 6631: 6629: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6606: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6600: 6595: 6589: 6587: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6573: 6571: 6569: 6564: 6562: 6560: 6555: 6554: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6545:Paradoxurinae 6542: 6536: 6534: 6529: 6527: 6525: 6520: 6518: 6516: 6513:Otter civet ( 6511: 6509: 6507: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6493: 6490: 6487: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6469: 6465: 6444: 6443: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6437: 6433: 6407: 6405: 6404:F. silvestris 6400: 6398: 6396: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6382: 6380: 6378: 6373: 6371: 6369: 6364: 6362: 6360: 6355: 6353: 6351: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6341: 6340: 6335: 6325: 6323: 6322:P. viverrinus 6320:Fishing cat ( 6318: 6316: 6314: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6300: 6298: 6296: 6295:P. javanensis 6291: 6289: 6287: 6284:Leopard cat ( 6282: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6276: 6271: 6265: 6263: 6258: 6257: 6254: 6251: 6245: 6235: 6233: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6222: 6217: 6211: 6209: 6204: 6203: 6200: 6194: 6192: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6182: 6181: 6176: 6173: 6167: 6161: 6159: 6154: 6152: 6150: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6136: 6134: 6132: 6131:L. canadensis 6129:Canada lynx ( 6127: 6126: 6124: 6122: 6121: 6116: 6110: 6108: 6103: 6101: 6099: 6094: 6092: 6090: 6085: 6083: 6081: 6076: 6074: 6072: 6067: 6065: 6063: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6040: 6039: 6037: 6035: 6034: 6029: 6019: 6017: 6012: 6010: 6008: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5998: 5997: 5992: 5986: 5984: 5979: 5978: 5975: 5972: 5966: 5956: 5954: 5953:C. temminckii 5949: 5947: 5945: 5940: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5934: 5929: 5923: 5921: 5918:Marbled cat ( 5916: 5915: 5913: 5911: 5910: 5905: 5902: 5896: 5893: 5889: 5888:sensu stricto 5885: 5880: 5866: 5864: 5859: 5857: 5855: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5823: 5822: 5820: 5818: 5817: 5812: 5806: 5804: 5799: 5797: 5795: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5785: 5784: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5763: 5755: 5750: 5746: 5740: 5738: 5737:P. pardicolor 5733: 5731: 5729: 5724: 5723: 5721: 5714: 5713: 5708: 5705: 5702: 5697: 5693: 5687: 5685: 5680: 5679: 5676: 5673: 5670: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5649: 5645: 5639: 5635: 5633: 5629: 5627: 5623: 5621: 5617: 5615: 5611: 5610: 5607: 5602: 5594: 5589: 5587: 5582: 5580: 5575: 5574: 5571: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5498: 5496: 5490: 5489: 5476: 5469: 5461: 5454: 5447:(2): 367–373. 5446: 5442: 5435: 5427: 5423: 5416: 5414: 5405: 5404:Haziran Sayfa 5401: 5394: 5385: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5361: 5346: 5345: 5340: 5334: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5286: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5256: 5249:. WWF Russia. 5248: 5241: 5233: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5198:(5): e02338. 5197: 5193: 5189: 5182: 5174: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5123: 5115: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5074: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5027: 5018: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4986: 4971: 4967: 4961: 4946: 4942: 4936: 4921: 4917: 4911: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4870: 4862: 4856: 4852: 4851: 4843: 4835: 4828: 4812: 4808: 4802: 4786: 4782: 4776: 4768: 4764: 4757: 4755: 4746: 4745: 4737: 4729: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4678: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4660: 4651: 4642: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4610: 4602: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4556: 4547: 4539: 4535: 4528: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4502: 4493: 4485: 4484: 4480: 4472: 4463: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4439: 4423: 4419: 4412: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4389: 4381: 4377: 4370: 4362: 4356: 4340: 4336: 4329: 4320: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4296: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4246: 4244: 4235: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4212: 4197: 4196: 4191: 4184: 4168: 4164: 4157: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4126: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4100: 4093: 4085: 4078: 4071: 4063: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4042: 4034: 4027: 4016: 4015: 4007: 3999: 3995: 3988: 3980: 3973: 3966: 3957: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3937: 3935: 3926: 3924: 3915: 3908: 3896: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3865: 3863: 3853: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3829: 3820: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3800: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3757: 3750: 3742: 3735: 3727: 3723: 3716: 3708: 3704: 3697: 3688: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3669: 3660: 3653:(1): 107–118. 3652: 3648: 3644: 3637: 3629: 3625: 3618: 3616: 3606: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3587: 3578: 3570: 3566: 3559: 3551: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3500: 3488: 3480: 3473: 3457: 3453: 3447: 3439: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3388: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3353: 3351: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3329: 3325: 3318: 3311: 3309: 3300: 3296: 3289: 3281: 3277: 3270: 3268: 3258: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3234: 3226: 3222: 3215: 3207: 3200: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3161: 3153: 3149: 3142: 3134: 3130: 3123: 3115: 3108: 3101: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3078: 3071:(in Russian). 3070: 3066: 3059: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3024: 3022: 3013: 3011: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2987:(2): 95–101. 2986: 2982: 2978: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2922: 2914: 2907: 2905: 2896: 2881: 2877: 2870: 2859: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2839: 2832: 2816: 2812: 2806: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2767: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2749: 2740: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2717:(2): 95–104. 2716: 2712: 2708: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2687: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2668: 2659: 2657: 2648: 2644: 2637: 2628: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2609: 2600: 2598: 2588: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2569: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2547: 2540: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2518: 2517: 2513: 2505: 2497: 2490: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2443: 2441: 2432: 2430: 2421: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2388: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2360: 2351: 2343: 2336: 2328: 2320: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2272: 2263: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2236: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2186: 2177: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2138: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2099: 2090: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2071: 2062: 2060: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1993: 1991: 1982: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1943: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1920: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1893: 1885: 1878: 1870: 1866: 1859: 1857: 1848: 1844: 1837: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1814: 1812: 1795: 1791: 1790: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1755: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1720: 1715: 1709: 1704: 1697: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1678: 1676: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1651: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1608: 1606: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1581: 1571: 1569: 1564: 1562: 1557: 1553: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1534: 1531: 1526: 1525:anti-poaching 1522: 1518: 1514: 1511:is listed in 1510: 1501: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1465: 1463: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1441: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1425:deforestation 1422: 1418: 1414: 1413:IUCN Red List 1410: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1390: 1383: 1379: 1370: 1367: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1339:European hare 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1278: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1253: 1248: 1246: 1241: 1237: 1231: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1199:deforestation 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1183:Aegean Region 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1159: 1156: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1136:Jambyl Region 1133: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1106:Fars Province 1103: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1065: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1041: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1022: 1019: 1015: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 951: 946: 942: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 887: 881: 879: 876: 875: 868: 865: 864: 861:less than 5 857: 854: 853: 846: 843: 842: 835: 832: 831: 824: 821: 820: 813: 810: 809: 802: 799: 798: 791: 788: 787: 780: 777: 776: 769: 766: 765: 758: 755: 754: 747: 744: 743: 739: 736: 733: 732: 729: 723: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 683: 679: 676: 672: 668: 660: 651: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 614:belongs to a 613: 612:matrilineally 610: 606: 596: 594: 589: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 558:topographical 555: 550: 548: 544: 540: 536: 533: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 499:P. p. sindica 497: 494: 490: 486: 482: 479: 476: 472: 468: 464: 461: 458: 454: 451: 450: 449: 447: 443: 439: 436:in 1856, who 435: 431: 427: 420: 416: 412: 403: 401: 397: 393: 389: 384: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 339: 335: 331: 328: 324: 323: 309: 306: 301: 300:P. p. sindica 298: 294: 290: 287: 283: 278: 275: 274: 272: 269: 265: 261: 256: 252: 247: 242: 236: 234: 228: 225: 221: 217: 216: 211: 208: 207: 203: 202: 197: 194: 193: 190: 189: 185: 182: 181: 178: 175: 172: 171: 168: 165: 162: 161: 158: 155: 152: 151: 148: 145: 142: 141: 138: 135: 132: 131: 128: 125: 122: 121: 118: 115: 112: 111: 108: 105: 102: 101: 96: 91: 87: 81: 76: 65: 61: 56: 52: 47: 44: 40: 37: 33: 19: 11086: 11043: 11034: 11025: 11016: 11007: 10998: 10989: 10980: 10971: 10962: 10953: 10944: 10935: 10926: 10917: 10908: 10899: 10879: 10867: 10858: 10849: 10840: 10828: 10803: 10794: 10785: 10773: 10761: 10749: 10738:L. sumatrana 10737: 10728: 10716: 10704: 10687: 10675: 10663: 10654: 10645: 10636: 10624: 10612: 10570: 10561: 10549: 10537: 10521:V. peregusna 10520: 10508: 10475: 10466: 10446: 10434: 10421:Lyncodontini 10412:Ictonychinae 10396:M. zibellina 10395: 10386: 10377: 10368: 10359: 10351:M. flavigula 10350: 10341: 10333:M. americana 10332: 10312: 10300: 10288: 10276: 10264: 10253:Eira barbara 10252: 10226: 10218:M. personata 10217: 10208: 10199: 10190: 10181: 10161: 10145: 10136: 10128:M. canescens 10127: 10118: 10106: 10094: 10085: 10076: 10064: 10035: 10023: 10011: 9930: 9921: 9909: 9897: 9888: 9876: 9847: 9838: 9829: 9820: 9800: 9788: 9779: 9770: 9750: 9738: 9737:Cacomistle ( 9729: 9717: 9706:Potos flavus 9705: 9675: 9666: 9657: 9648: 9628: 9616: 9607: 9587: 9575: 9566: 9554: 9542: 9533: 9524: 9515: 9495: 9462: 9403: 9394: 9385: 9376: 9342: 9333: 9313: 9297: 9285: 9273: 9258:(monk seals) 9214: 9205: 9196: 9184: 9172: 9163: 9151: 9139: 9130: 9121: 9095: 9086: 9029: 9021:A. townsendi 9020: 9011: 9003:A. philippii 9002: 8993: 8984: 8975: 8967:A. australis 8966: 8954: 8942: 8925: 8913: 8901: 8880: 8871: 8859: 8847: 8821: 8809: 8769: 8648:U. maritimus 8647: 8646:Polar bear ( 8638: 8637:Brown bear ( 8629: 8620: 8608: 8596: 8587: 8586:Sloth bear ( 8561: 8549: 8537: 8525: 8475: 8466: 8457: 8448: 8439: 8430: 8421: 8412: 8400: 8389:Cuon alpinus 8388: 8379: 8363:L. mesomelas 8362: 8353: 8341: 8310: 8301: 8292: 8291:Pampas fox ( 8283: 8274: 8265: 8253: 8241: 8232: 8216:S. venaticus 8215: 8203: 8191: 8190:Maned wolf ( 8172:Cerdocyonina 8140: 8139:Fennec fox ( 8131: 8122: 8114:V. rueppelli 8113: 8104: 8095: 8086: 8085:Arctic fox ( 8078:V. ferrilata 8077: 8068: 8067:Corsac fox ( 8059: 8050: 8041: 8040:Bengal fox ( 8019: 8007: 7998: 7986: 7974: 7948: 7947:Island fox ( 7939: 7927: 7860:H. sanguinea 7859: 7850: 7841: 7833:H. ichneumon 7832: 7823: 7811: 7799: 7790: 7781: 7769: 7757: 7748: 7739: 7730: 7713: 7704: 7695: 7686: 7677: 7668: 7660:U. edwardsii 7659: 7651:U. brachyura 7650: 7641: 7629: 7617: 7608: 7578: 7569: 7560: 7552:C. alexandri 7551: 7539: 7527: 7518: 7506: 7494: 7477: 7469:M. gambianus 7468: 7456: 7444: 7428:S. suricatta 7427: 7415: 7390: 7365: 7356: 7344: 7332: 7315: 7306: 7294: 7282: 7252: 7243: 7231: 7219: 7210: 7187:carnivorans) 7168: 7139: 7127: 7115: 7106: 7074: 7062: 7032:Herpestoidea 6995:Herpestoidea 6962: 6954:G. victoriae 6953: 6944: 6943:Cape genet ( 6935: 6927:G. servalina 6926: 6917: 6916:King genet ( 6909:G. piscivora 6908: 6899: 6890: 6881: 6873:G. johnstoni 6872: 6863: 6854: 6845: 6836: 6827: 6809: 6798:P. leightoni 6797: 6788: 6770: 6745: 6736: 6728:V. megaspila 6727: 6719:V. civettina 6718: 6706: 6694: 6685: 6670: 6654: 6627: 6618: 6609: 6597: 6585: 6576: 6567: 6558: 6532: 6523: 6514: 6505: 6403: 6394: 6386:F. margarita 6385: 6376: 6367: 6366:Jungle cat ( 6358: 6349: 6337: 6321: 6312: 6304:P. planiceps 6303: 6294: 6285: 6275:Prionailurus 6273: 6261: 6231: 6219: 6207: 6206:Jaguarundi ( 6190: 6178: 6157: 6148: 6139: 6130: 6118: 6106: 6097: 6088: 6079: 6070: 6061: 6053:L. geoffroyi 6052: 6043: 6042:Pampas cat ( 6031: 6015: 6006: 5994: 5982: 5952: 5943: 5931: 5920:P. marmorata 5919: 5907: 5887: 5862: 5853: 5844: 5835: 5826: 5814: 5802: 5793: 5781: 5736: 5727: 5710: 5683: 5636:Superorder: 5630:Infraclass: 5558:. 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haidarum 10841:N. africana 10804:A. congicus 10795:A. cinereus 10786:A. capensis 10686:Sea otter ( 10664:L. provocax 10571:I. striatus 10492:Ictonychini 10387:M. melampus 10299:Wolverine ( 10277:P. pennanti 10200:M. moschata 10191:M. everetti 10137:M. leucurus 10095:A. hoevenii 10086:A. collaris 10036:M. capensis 9931:N. olivacea 9846:Olinguito ( 9802:Bassaricyon 9789:P. pygmaeus 9719:Bassariscus 9692:Procyonidae 9667:S. putorius 9658:S. gracilis 9576:M. mephitis 9567:M. macroura 9461:Red panda ( 9441:Musteloidea 9402:Ross seal ( 9355:Lobodontini 9287:Neomonachus 9215:P. sibirica 9173:P. vitulina 9138:Grey seal ( 9120:Harp seal ( 9012:A. pusillus 8976:A. forsteri 8811:Callorhinus 8745:Pinnipedia 8704:Musteloidea 8476:C. simensis 8440:C. lupaster 8309:Hoary fox ( 8302:L. sechurae 8275:L. fulvipes 8266:L. culpaeus 8162:(true dogs) 8121:Swift fox ( 8096:V. macrotis 7988:Nyctereutes 7897:Caniformia 7842:H. ochracea 7800:B. nigripes 7791:B. jacksoni 7678:U. javanica 7595:Herpestinae 7570:C. obscurus 7561:C. ansorgei 7541:Crossarchus 7397:(mongooses) 7386:Herpestidae 7366:S. durrelli 7357:S. concolor 7307:G. fasciata 7244:E. goudotii 7165:Herpestidae 7075:P. cristata 6936:G. thierryi 6891:G. maculata 6855:G. cristata 6846:G. bourloni 6599:Paradoxurus 6557:Binturong ( 6496:Hemigalinae 6473:Viverroidea 6436:Viverroidea 6395:F. nigripes 6247:Leopard cat 6232:P. concolor 6149:L. pardinus 6098:L. tigrinus 6089:L. pardalis 6080:L. jacobita 6071:L. guttulus 6044:L. colocola 5803:N. nebulosa 5773:Pantherinae 5653:Feliformia 5560:25 December 4945:Nature Iraq 4817:15 December 4285:18 November 4228:(2): 57–58. 3881:(1): 5–14. 3116:(67): 8–10. 3036:: 770–778. 2840:(2): 49–51. 2679:: 153–168. 2300:10182/10848 2248:(1): 1–13. 1936:(1): 65–82. 1714:Cats portal 1547:Nature Iraq 1449:Novosibirsk 1366:home ranges 1271:Baluchistan 1193:, with the 981:Assa rivers 948:Habitat in 899:camera trap 866:Afghanistan 718:and sparse 706:and rugged 636:Pleistocene 554:Indus River 515:P. p. fusca 507:Balochistan 419:Joseph Smit 375:and rugged 177:Pantherinae 173:Subfamily: 11174:Categories 11008:M. nudipes 10999:M. nivalis 10963:M. kathiah 10918:M. erminea 10909:M. altaica 10859:N. frenata 10850:N. felipei 10820:Mustelinae 10562:I. libycus 10476:G. vittata 10342:M. caurina 10119:M. anakuma 9997:Mustelidae 9984:Mustelidae 9960:see below↓ 9951:Mustelidae 9848:B. neblina 9759:(raccoons) 9730:B. astutus 9728:Ringtail ( 9704:Kinkajou ( 9676:S. pygmaea 9617:M. marchei 9475:Mephitidae 9343:M. leonina 9235:Monachinae 9206:P. hispida 9197:P. caspica 8994:A. gazella 8926:N. cinerea 8822:C. ursinus 8760:Odobenidae 8713:see below↓ 8693:see below↓ 8677:Pinnipedia 8595:Sun bear ( 8562:T. ornatus 8551:Tremarctos 8527:Ailuropoda 8465:Red wolf ( 8431:C. latrans 8354:L. adustus 8311:L. vetulus 8284:L. griseus 8214:Bush dog ( 8105:V. pallida 8103:Pale fox ( 8087:V. lagopus 8058:Cape fox ( 7938:Gray fox ( 7696:U. smithii 7528:H. parvula 7519:H. hirtula 7407:Mungotinae 7296:Galidictis 7269:Galidiinae 7197:Euplerinae 7180:Eupleridae 7169:sensu lato 7140:C. crocuta 7073:Aardwolf ( 7004:see below↓ 6945:G. tigrina 6918:G. poensis 6900:G. pardina 6882:G. letabae 6864:G. genetta 6762:Genettinae 6746:V. zibetha 6666:Viverrinae 6655:sensu lato 6650:Viverrinae 6619:P. jerdoni 6486:Viverridae 6445:see below↓ 6384:Sand cat ( 6191:A. jubatus 6016:C. caracal 5909:Pardofelis 5728:P. linsang 5669:Feliformia 5350:25 October 5265:WWF Russia 5223:2164/17115 5090:: 126144. 4950:5 November 4925:25 October 4626:: e01618. 4061:0510399002 2915:(6): 1–41. 2885:20 January 1750:References 1644:gladiators 1409:Endangered 1311:Sus scrofa 1259:Hindu Kush 1132:Kazakhstan 983:bordering 977:Andi Koysu 927:Mount Cudi 844:Kazakhstan 778:Azerbaijan 632:P. p. nimr 626:) and the 586:haplotypes 570:intergrade 365:Hindu Kush 341:subspecies 157:Feliformia 153:Suborder: 75:Endangered 10954:M. itatsi 10888:(weasels) 10751:Lutrogale 10688:E. lutris 10646:L. felina 10455:(grisons) 10378:M. martes 10321:(martens) 10239:Guloninae 10025:Mellivora 9898:N. narica 9839:B. medius 9830:B. gabbii 9821:B. alleni 9809:(olingos) 9778:Raccoon ( 9630:Spilogale 9516:C. chinga 9497:Conepatus 9453:Ailuridae 9252:Monachini 9164:P. largha 8834:Otariinae 8797:sea lions 8792:fur seals 8783:Otariidae 8668:Mustelida 8639:U. arctos 8501:Arctoidea 8458:C. lycaon 8413:C. aureus 8343:Lupulella 8255:Lycalopex 8132:V. vulpes 8130:Red fox ( 8094:Kit fox ( 8069:V. corsac 7813:Herpestes 7426:Meerkat ( 7185:(Malagasy 7087:Hyaeninae 7048:Hyaenidae 6963:G. felina 6377:F. lybica 6189:Cheetah ( 6107:L. wiedii 6096:Oncilla ( 6062:L. guigna 6033:Leopardus 6014:Caracal ( 6007:C. aurata 5942:Bay cat ( 5863:P. pardus 5861:Leopard ( 5836:P. tigris 5794:N. diardi 5712:Prionodon 5612:Kingdom: 5601:Carnivora 5554:Vice News 5377:: 82–97. 5325:232052406 5114:246507997 5065:246409829 4902:228086620 4671:(2): 1–8. 3493:Research. 3365:: 13–16. 3208:(6): 2–3. 3135:(57): 33. 2938:: 25–36. 2797:235564429 2455:: 41–47. 2420:219542899 2283:: e7243. 1949:P. pardus 1800:22 August 1675:taxidermy 1621:Neolithic 1556:dispersal 1469:Beypazarı 1394:taxidermy 1307:wild boar 1291:wild goat 1240:ungulates 1117:Himalayan 1112:in 2011. 1081:Kopet Dag 907:Black Sea 886:750–1,044 740:Estimate 722:forests. 702:meadows, 700:subalpine 644:gene pool 599:Phylogeny 562:dispersal 543:saxicolor 521:based on 493:Asterabad 438:described 381:ungulates 371:meadows, 369:subalpine 345:described 195:Species: 147:Carnivora 113:Kingdom: 107:Eukaryota 11185:Leopards 11096:Wikidata 10934:Ferret ( 10868:N. vison 10729:L. lutra 10597:(otters) 10591:Lutrinae 10448:Galictis 10360:M. foina 10275:Fisher ( 10163:Melogale 10146:M. meles 10066:Arctonyx 9911:Nasuella 9889:N. nasua 9866:(coatis) 9780:P. lotor 9556:Mephitis 9315:Mirounga 9065:Phocinae 9046:Phocidae 8915:Neophoca 8861:Zalophus 8768:Walrus ( 8467:C. rufus 8449:C. lupus 8429:Coyote ( 8264:Culpeo ( 8205:Speothos 8141:V. zerda 8123:V. velox 8060:V. chama 7771:Bdeogale 7669:U. fusca 7508:Helogale 7478:M. mungo 7417:Suricata 7346:Salanoia 7253:E. major 7233:Eupleres 7064:Proteles 7053:(hyenas) 6817:(genets) 6368:F. chaus 6359:F. catus 6350:F. bieti 6230:Cougar ( 6180:Acinonyx 6158:L. rufus 6156:Bobcat ( 6105:Margay ( 6087:Ocelot ( 6060:Kodkod ( 5981:Serval ( 5944:C. badia 5933:Catopuma 5843:Jaguar ( 5827:P. uncia 5816:Panthera 5783:Neofelis 5701:Feloidea 5632:Eutheria 5626:Mammalia 5620:Chordata 5618:Phylum: 5614:Animalia 5232:33780069 5173:34646483 4975:16 March 4767:Cat News 4728:34293067 4688:PLOS ONE 4601:29694391 4561:PLOS ONE 4355:cite web 4333:Haber7. 4272:21396082 4201:11 April 4173:18 March 4084:Cat News 3979:Cat News 3914:Cat News 3791:18094317 3726:Cat News 3707:Cat News 3628:Cat News 3550:29719005 3510:PLOS ONE 3479:Cat News 3438:31604967 3379:83357675 3330:: 34–35. 3324:Cat News 3280:Cat News 3225:Cat News 3191:91257820 3152:Cat News 3133:Cat News 3114:Cat News 3001:84687390 2952:84530055 2821:16 March 2815:Milliyet 2731:88004181 2647:Cat News 2546:Cat News 2496:Cat News 2469:53603392 2342:Cat News 2319:31341733 2219:11883877 2027:11883877 1782:tulliana 1700:See also 1682:Alki Zei 1617:Thyatira 1492:poaching 1462:poaching 1427:, fire, 1421:poaching 1315:roe deer 1261:and the 1203:orchards 1185:between 1064:Berberis 985:Dagestan 872:unknown 762:130–178 756:Pakistan 751:550–850 734:Country 671:rosettes 648:subclade 547:synonyms 535:tulliana 489:holotype 428:was the 406:Taxonomy 392:poaching 361:Caucasus 353:Anatolia 268:Synonyms 188:Panthera 163:Family: 137:Mammalia 127:Chordata 123:Phylum: 117:Animalia 103:Domain: 80:IUCN 3.1 11144:2876546 11102:Q754336 10936:M. furo 10881:Mustela 10830:Neogale 10677:Enhydra 10551:Ictonyx 10510:Vormela 10467:G. cuja 10394:Sable ( 10301:G. gulo 10266:Pekania 10251:Tayra ( 10048:Melinae 9860:Nasuina 9752:Procyon 9108:Phocini 8747:(seals) 8682:(seals) 8574:Ursinae 8516:(bears) 8511:Ursidae 8387:Dhole ( 8177:(zorro) 8051:V. cana 7961:Vulpini 7929:Urocyon 7913:Canidae 7705:U. urva 7209:Fossa ( 7129:Crocuta 6811:Genetta 6708:Viverra 6249:lineage 6171:lineage 6140:L. lynx 5996:Caracal 5970:lineage 5968:Caracal 5900:lineage 5898:Bay cat 5884:Felinae 5845:P. onca 5834:Tiger ( 5754:Felidae 5624:Class: 5603:species 5599:Extant 5544:. 2011. 5515:5 March 5305:Bibcode 5275:9 April 5200:Bibcode 5164:8495822 5141:Bibcode 5092:Bibcode 5045:Bibcode 5004:Bibcode 4791:9 April 4719:8297784 4696:Bibcode 4628:Bibcode 4592:5918793 4569:Bibcode 4517:27 July 4428:3 March 4345:3 March 4146:27 July 3771:Bibcode 3541:5931651 3518:Bibcode 3462:9 April 3429:6788991 3406:Bibcode 3088:Novosti 3038:Bibcode 2310:6640621 2199:Bibcode 2156:Bibcode 2117:Bibcode 2048:5 March 2007:Bibcode 1961:Bibcode 1671:Καπλάνι 1663:Kaplani 1648:kaftans 1640:Kilikia 1629:worship 1411:on the 1402:Tbilisi 1396:in the 1373:Threats 1355:chamois 1299:mouflon 1191:Antalya 1028:in the 973:Tusheti 969:Kakheti 965:Georgia 957:Tbilisi 921:and in 905:in the 833:Georgia 800:Armenia 720:juniper 716:steppes 708:ravines 694:in the 673:on the 620:African 377:ravines 363:to the 338:leopard 284:, 1914) 282:Satunin 262:, 2016 243:, 1856) 183:Genus: 167:Felidae 143:Order: 133:Class: 78: ( 11157:721545 10626:Lontra 10314:Martes 9589:Mydaus 9483:skunks 8447:Wolf ( 8327:Canina 8157:Canini 8021:Vulpes 7917:(dogs) 7458:Mungos 6772:Poiana 5854:P. leo 5852:Lion ( 5758:(cats) 5556:. 2021 5323: 5230: 5171: 5161: 5112: 5063: 4900: 4890: 4857: 4787:. 2021 4726: 4716: 4599: 4589: 4339:Haber7 4270: 4058: 3789: 3548: 3538: 3436: 3426: 3377: 3189: 2999: 2950: 2795: 2729: 2467: 2418: 2317: 2307: 2227:304770 2225: 2217: 2035:304770 2033: 2025: 1659:Greece 1625:Lydian 1523:, and 1457:Meghri 1347:onager 1337:) and 1215:Finike 1211:Lycian 1207:Alanya 1073:Salouk 1009:Alborz 935:Artvin 855:Turkey 811:Russia 773:60–80 675:flanks 582:Galyat 568:, but 442:Smyrna 421:, 1899 332:, and 295:, 1927 293:Pocock 11131:17295 11126:EUNIS 10775:Aonyx 10718:Lutra 10108:Meles 9878:Nasua 9153:Phoca 8610:Ursus 8402:Canis 8029:foxes 6339:Felis 5424:[ 5321:S2CID 5110:S2CID 5061:S2CID 4898:S2CID 4279:(PDF) 4248:(PDF) 4117:(PDF) 4102:(PDF) 4080:(PDF) 4018:(PDF) 3975:(PDF) 3939:(PDF) 3901:2004. 3787:S2CID 3759:(PDF) 3375:S2CID 3355:(PDF) 3320:(PDF) 3187:S2CID 3110:(PDF) 3026:(PDF) 2997:S2CID 2948:S2CID 2909:(PDF) 2861:(PDF) 2793:S2CID 2727:S2CID 2542:(PDF) 2492:(PDF) 2465:S2CID 2445:(PDF) 2416:S2CID 2338:(PDF) 2277:PeerJ 2223:S2CID 2042:(PDF) 2031:S2CID 1995:(PDF) 1780:ssp. 1686:Greek 1667:Greek 1453:Kabul 1187:İzmir 1171:Syria 1061:on a 878:Total 784:6–17 737:Year 471:Kuban 11139:NCBI 10290:Gulo 9186:Pusa 7631:Urva 6221:Puma 6169:Puma 6120:Lynx 5562:2021 5517:2021 5352:2021 5277:2021 5228:PMID 5169:PMID 4977:2024 4952:2019 4927:2021 4888:ISBN 4855:ISBN 4819:2021 4793:2021 4724:PMID 4597:PMID 4519:2012 4430:2021 4361:link 4347:2021 4306:Oryx 4287:2012 4268:PMID 4256:2008 4203:2021 4175:2015 4148:2012 4056:ISBN 3839:Oryx 3674:Oryx 3592:Oryx 3546:PMID 3464:2021 3434:PMID 2887:2022 2823:2024 2614:Oryx 2315:PMID 2215:PMID 2050:2021 2023:PMID 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