89:, experimentation with different types of apparatus, and modes of modulation is not permitted, and equipment must be factory-built and approved. Many of these services require non-removable antennas or place restrictions on antenna size, height or gain. The high-VHF band (137–174 MHz) and UHF bands (325, 900 MHz) are the most popular aside from the 25–28 MHz "HF CB" bands. There are notable exceptions to this, including the 78 MHz and 245 MHz Thai "CB 78" and "CB 245" VHF-FM bands, the 68–71 MHz Finnish band, the 30–31 MHz Swedish "Hunting Radio" band, and the 43 MHz Italian "VHF CB" bands. The lower frequency allocations (especially the 30/31 and 43 MHz bands) often exhibit propagation and communication range characteristics similar to 27 MHz CB radio. Higher frequencies (especially above 200 MHz) are almost exclusively line-of-sight.
1061:"VHF CB" allocation at 43 MHz, usually called "Apparati a 43 MHz" or "CB 43 MHz". Italy, like many other countries, suffers from extremely lax enforcement of radio communications laws, and "freeband" modified equipment covering wider frequency ranges as well as amplifiers are widely available and openly advertised by communications equipment vendors. "Freebanding" occurs with both the 27 MHz area (often as low as 25 MHz and as high as 30 MHz) and the 43 MHz area (as 43 MHz CB equipment is often modified to cover down to 34 MHz and up to 47 MHz, using 12.5 kHz steps). There is evidence of these frequencies being used outside of Italy for illegal "CB-like" operations.
2265:
27.415–27.855 MHz make up the first set. These are referred to as the "European channels" or the "fives" due to the frequency ending in 5. The second set, known as the "Polish channels" or the "zeros" is 26.510 – 26.950 MHz, 26.960–27.400 MHz and 27.410–27.850 MHz. Multi-norm radios sold in Europe and Asia designed for use in several different countries – with the end-user selecting the "mode" of the country they live in – now come with a "RU" (Russia) mode that opens the radio to full band coverage (usually 25.615–28.305 MHz or 25.615–30.105 MHz). It is important to note that only 26.515–27.855 / 26.510–27.850 MHz is legally permitted in Russia.
101:; a user must wait for the shared frequency to be clear before transmitting, and all stations on the frequency may hear the transmission. Since both stations are on the same frequency, the receiving station cannot interrupt the transmitter until it has finished. Generally only voice transmission is allowed under personal radio service regulations, although tone and digital selective calling features are allowed in some countries. Some services permit digital data transmission, either as part of digital "text messaging" and GPS location "sharing" with other nearby radios (such as FRS), or the services themselves involve digital voice and data transmissions (such as DPMR446/DMR446).
2261:
repeaters on mountaintops or the roofs of high-rise apartment buildings to increase communication range of low-powered mobile CB radios. Some of these repeaters feature CTCSS/PL tone protection, remote control via DTMF, linking via
Internet gateways, simulcasting via several repeaters at once, and cross-band repeat connections to the UHF PMR446 service. Cities such as Moscow and St. Petersburg feature motorist emergency services that are directly accessible via a CB frequency monitored by police and other emergency services. Other services provided by cities in Russia include weather broadcasts and travel/traffic information and warnings via specific CB channels.
2109:
permitted on the MURS frequencies for both data and voice transmission (see FCC rules Part 95.631). However, store-and-forward digital operations are not permitted and transmitters must not operate in continuous-carrier (constant transmit) mode. External antennas are permitted, transmitter output power is limited to 2 watts. MURS is often used for data transmissions as well as portable and mobile voice communications, due to the external high-gain antenna provision, MURS offers the possibility of greater range than FRS. As with CB, FRS and GMRS, there are reports of users using higher-than-legal power levels on the MURS frequencies.
2269:
European/American frequency plan) would be designated "C19EA" or "C19EAM". 27.180 MHz FM (Channel 19 on the Polish assignment) would be designated "C19PF" or "C19PFM". The B-C-D (or "grid") designation comes from common export radio band labeling. Originally these radios would feature 5 bands labeled A-B-C-D-E, with coverage from 26.065 to 28.305 MHz, later these radios switched to a 6 band configuration A-B-D-C-E-F with coverage from 25.615 to 28.305 MHz, making 26.965–27.405 MHz band D instead of band C.
2244:) Like many rules regarding the HF CB services, the distance prohibition is largely ignored and unenforced. Often as a result of channel overcrowding and interference, many HF CB users have turned to purchasing "export" or "10-meter" radios that operate in the legal CB band but also provide access to frequencies above and below the CB band. Other CB users purchase amplifiers to increase their output power and "punch through" interference caused by distant stations (or by local stations running amplifiers). This has created a
1975:
1622:
27.68–27.98 MHz band. Many coast guard stations monitor 27 Meg channel 88 (27.880 MHz) in addition to VHF channel 16 (156.800 MHz) for distress, safety information and calling. Several 27 MHz marine transceivers sold in
Australia are also available in South Africa (programmed for the South African 29 MHz frequencies). This allows for one transceiver to be sold in both Australia (27 MHz marine frequencies) and South Africa (29 MHz marine frequencies).
2253:
American channel plan serves as the frequency plan for many other countries HF CB service, including Canada, Australia, Mexico, most of
Central and South America and the European Union. FM may be used throughout Europe on the standard 40 channels – called the "mid band" or "CEPT" channels. Many countries also allow AM in addition to FM or AM/FM/SSB with various different power limits. European standardization allows a maximum of 4 watts FM power or 1 watt AM carrier power.
1614:
communities as well as by safari companies. The 4-Wheel Drive Club of South Africa (4WDC) uses their own internal channel numbering scheme for these frequencies. Three of these channels (designated 1/A, 2/B and 3/C) are designated for use by marine operators. These frequencies offer excellent range over water (20 – 30 km or more depending on antenna installation) and are heavily used by ski boats and fishing clubs, often as an adjunct to the internationally allocated
45:
1247:) with six UHF FM channels between 444.600 and 444.975 MHz. Some dual-mode KDR/PMR radios are sold but are only usable in Sweden and Norway. Norway has a 6-channel VHF FM Jaktradio (Hunting Radio) service, maximum power 5 watts. Because both Norway and Sweden have high-band VHF FM hunting allocations (see section on Sweden below), many hunting radios are marketed with both the 6 Norse channels and 7 Swedish channels in one unit.
2123:
2004:
total of 160 channels in straight numerical sequence (channel 1 is 245.0000 MHz, channel 160 is 246.9875 MHz). Units are allowed up to 10 watts PEP RF power. External high-gain antennas are permitted. Base station antennas are permitted. Besides personal use, the equipment is used by search and rescue organizations, businesses, security guards, taxi companies and delivery services. In urban areas, simplex
125:(GMRS) radios were available, that could be operated without individual licensing on the FRS channels, but which required a license to operate on the GMRS frequencies at a power level above the FRS standard. In May 2017 the regulations were changed so that FRS service included operation at up to 2 watts on GMRS channels, and prohibiting the use of dual-standard radios in FRS service that would exceed the 2-watt limit.
1987:
companies, buses, taxi companies and other transportation users, often in conjunction with 245 MHz. This service is commonly referred to as "CB78", "VHF78", "CB 78 MHz" or simply "78 MHz". Frequency allocation is between 78.0000 and 78.9875 MHz. Channels are spaced 12.5 kHz apart for a total of 80 channels in straight numerical sequence (channel 1 is 78.0000 MHz,
2257:
channels from 26.965 to 27.855 MHz with AM/SSB permitted. Brazil allows higher power levels than the US and most of Europe. New
Zealand has two 40-channel HF CB bands available, the NZ-specific "NZ CB Band" 26.330–26.770 MHz (40 channels, AM and SSB allowed) and the standardized "mid band" 26.965–27.405 MHz (40 channels, AM and SSB allowed) for a total of 80 HF CB channels.
442:, PMR446 is a personal radio service with two sets of 16 channels and one set of 8 channels available for a total of 40 channels. The original PMR446 allocation for 16 channels from 446.00625 MHz to 446.19375 MHz with 12.5 kHz channel spacing steps has been complemented with two digital channel plans (sometimes called "DMR446" or "
2088:). These two frequencies were often used illegally by businesses as they were/are part of the "color dot" frequencies that handheld "on-site" business radios come pre-programmed with. Channels 1–3 were not allocated as part of the "color dot" frequencies and therefore do not generally have "grandfathered" business users on them (see below).
207:
to 246.000 MHz band. This is the same 245 MHz CB allocation as
Thailand and uses the same channel plan (80 channels, 12.5 kHz steps). The BTRC considers both the 26–28 MHz CB and 245–246 MHz SBR allocations to be shared resources and all users must share the channels with other users of these two bands.
2236:"outbanding"), interference from distant stations will often make local communication extremely difficult or impossible during band openings. CB was, and still is, designed for short-distance (local) communications needs. US FCC law prohibits communicating with any station more than 250 km (155.3 miles) on CB frequencies.(
2248:
situation in and near the HF CB spectrum (25–28 MHz). As more users purchase amplifiers and operate on out-of-band frequencies, more interference is produced, forcing others to acquire even more powerful equipment to punch through even more interference, and/or to acquire transceivers capable of
2012:
and DCS are often used due to heavy channel congestion in urban areas. Operating rules are less restrictive than amateur radio service, with an initial license fee required. According to Thai law, transceivers operating on the 245 MHz band must have a red case. There are an estimated one million
1696:
South Africa allows use of nine 27 MHz CB frequencies between 27.185 MHz and 27.275 MHz (27 MHz CB channels 19–27). Maximal output power is 5 watts carrier power in AM mode and 12 watts PEP power in SSB mode. As with the 29 MHz allocation, each frequency is assigned
1060:
Italy allows use of the
European standardized 40-channel 26/27 MHz CB band, plus a 34-channel allocation from 26.875 MHz to 27.245 MHz, giving Italian HF CB a total of 49 channels between to two CB bands (Band I1: 26.965–27.405, Band I2: 26.875–27.245). In addition to this, Italy has a
2235:
propagation just like the lower parts of HF do, making communication hundreds or even thousands of miles (km) away possible. While some operators seek out long distance "DX" contacts on CB frequencies and on frequencies above channel 40 and below channel 1 (a practice referred to as "freebanding" or
1604:
South Africa also has a 23-channel allocation between 29.710 MHz and 29.985 MHz. This service commonly referred to as "29 Megs" or "29 MHz CB". Channels are 12.5 kHz apart. This service is shared between land mobile users, marine users, and civil defense/rural firefighting users.
2260:
In Russia, HF CB radio is extremely popular, especially with taxicab, trucking, delivery and general transportation users. Due to the sheer size of Russia and the remoteness of many
Russian communities, CB radio is an important resource. Russian CB operators and clubs have installed several simplex
2083:
In addition to the UHF FRS and GMRS allocation and the high-HF CB allocation, in 2000, the
American FCC allocated five VHF channels to the Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS). Like CB, MURS frequencies may be used for business or personal/family communications. Two of these frequencies were re-allocated
2021:
Some manufacturers in Taiwan have radios that carry both
American FRS and GMRS frequencies, and have additional channels 1 to 99. Channels 1 to 14 are well-known, while channels 15 to 99 are less popular. While radios designed for the Taiwan market have FRS/GMRS frequencies as part of their channel
1580:
Since 3 February 2004, the
Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore (IDA) has allocated the 446.0–446.1 MHz frequency band for low-powered walkie-talkies on a non-interference, non-protected and shared-use basis. As these walkie-talkies are low-powered devices which do not potentially cause
206:
The Bangladesh Telecommunications Regulatory Commission (BTRC) allows for use of the 26–27 MHz Citizen's Band (CB) allocation from 26.965 to 27.405 MHz (standard 40-channel allocation used in most of the world for CB). BTRC also permits usage of "Short Business Radio" (SBR) in the 245.000
60:
radios operate on frequencies that in Europe are allocated to fire and emergency services. Operation of a personal radio device that causes interference to other services may result in prosecution. Some personal radio service frequency plans are regionally accepted, for example, the European PMR446
28:
portable radios. The power output, antenna size, and technical characteristics of the equipment are set by regulations in each country. Many regions (for example, the European Union) have standardized personal radio service rules to allow travelers from one country to use their equipment in another
2272:
Originally, Russia (and most other Eastern European/CIS countries) used the zero frequency offset in line with the Polish frequency plan (channel 1 being 26.960 MHz). However, in the past 4–5 years, most Russians have switched to the standardized European or American "fives" offset (channel 1
1982:
Thailand has two 80 channel and 160 channel CB-style services, one in mid-band VHF 78 MHz band and another at high-band VHF 245 MHz band. Both services use FM mode only. Per Thai law, 78 MHz transceivers must have a yellow case. 245 MHz transceivers must have a red case. The HF
157:
is of great value to all three countries, the Mexican Secretary of Communication and Transportation has authorized use of the FRS frequencies and equipment similar to that in the US. Dual-mode FRS/GMRS equipment is not approved in Mexico, so caution should be exercised in operating hybrid FRS/GMRS
2252:
When first developed in the United States, CB operation required an individual license fee. After the surge in popularity in the mid-1970s, licensing was deprecated. Other countries provided legislation to allow use of similar frequencies and operating modes. The 26.965–27.405 MHz 40-channel
2003:
The 245 MHz CB allocation is more popular than the 78 MHz service, especially in urban areas. This service is commonly referred to as "CB245", "VHF245" or "VHF CB 245 MHz". Frequency allocation is between 245.0000 and 246.9875 MHz. Channels are spaced 12.5 kHz apart for a
493:
allocation (40 channels). Some countries allow more channels (for example, Germany has an extra 40-channel allocation from 26.565 to 27.955 MHz, making a total of 80 available CB channels) or other modes. Many countries allow the use of both AM and FM modulation, with some (including the UK)
1031:
In August 2005, India deregulated the 26.957–27.283 MHz band for license-free CB radio usage with a maximum power output of 5 watts. The channel plan follows channels 1–27 from the standard 40 channel CB plan originally adopted by the United States (and most other countries worldwide).
461:
PMR446 channels are also available, eight channels from 446.10625 MHz to 446.19375 MHz with 12.5 kHz channel spacing steps. 4-level FSK modulation at 3.6 kbit/s is used. All three of the PMR446 channel plans occupy the same European-harmonized 446.0 MHz to 446.2 MHz
2108:
All five channels now see significant use by businesses, as well as mobile-to-mobile users. Use of squelch systems such as CTCSS and DCS on the MURS frequencies is encouraged to facilitate frequency sharing. Voice and data transmissions are permitted on the MURS frequencies. AM and FM modes are
1713:
services. 25 channel FM with 500 mW maximal power output. 12.5 kHz channel spacing with skips. As with FRS/GMRS and PMR446, the use of tone squelch systems such as CTCSS/DCS is encouraged. Like the PMR446, LPD433, Japan's 421–422 MHz SLPR service and KDR444 services, use of these
1064:
Italian 43 MHz "VHF CB" or "43 MHz CB" allocation. 24 channels, FM mode, 12.5 kHz channel spacing. Each channel has a "recommended use" associated with it. Portable handheld (walkie-talkie), in-vehicle mobile and base station transceivers are available for this band. Channels are
1613:
may only be used on specified channels 29.7475 MHz, 29.8225 MHz, 29.8475 MHz, 29.9475 MHz and 29.985 MHz. Maximum output power is 5 watts carrier power in AM mode and 12 watts PEP power in SSB mode. These frequencies are heavily used by the 4x4 and Land Rover
502:
Finland has a 26-channel mid-band (68–72 MHz) VHF-FM allocation called "RHA68" consisting of "common channels for hobby usage in general". No license, examination or fee is required to operate in the RHA68 band. The channels may be referred to by their sequential number or by alphanumeric
473:, FRS frequencies are used for fire brigade communications and this sometimes causes problems when FRS equipment is imported from the U.S. and used without awareness of the consequences by members of the public. A similar situation exists with the German Freenet VHF CB allocation, the American
2268:
Each channel is given an alphanumeric identifier, with the three bands being labeled B-C-D, then the channel number and the last digit of the frequency labeled "E" for the 5 and "P" for the 0. The final letter(s) indicate the mode (AM or FM). For example, 27.185 MHz AM (Channel 19 in the
2256:
Others, such as Germany, Russia, and Brazil, allow more than 40 legal channels. Germany has an 80-channel allocation – the 40 CEPT/American channels plus 40 channels from 26.565 to 26.955 MHz in straight 10 kHz sequence. Germany only allows FM on channels 41–80. Brazil allows for 80
1986:
The 78 MHz CB allocation is primarily used by mobile and base stations, although handheld radios for 78 MHz are available. The lower frequency allows for longer communication range in rural and suburban areas compared to the 245 MHz service. 78 MHz is popular with trucking
2264:
Due to the rapid proliferation of "open-banded" export equipment (sold as "10-meter" or "multi-norm" radios) that cover wide frequency ranges, Russia allows for two overlapping sets of 3 bands of 40 channels, for a total of 240 channels. 26.515–26.955 MHz, 26.965–27.405 MHz and
1799:
Similar to Norway, Sweden also has Jaktradio (Hunting Radio) allocations, 6 channels in the 155.400–155.525 MHz band and 40 channels in the 30–31 MHz band. In addition to these, the general purpose channel 156.000 MHz is available. 156.000 MHz is sometimes included as
1621:
South Africa's use of 29 MHz for marine purposes is similar to Australia's use of 27 MHz for marine radio. Australia allows use of the standard 26.965–27.405 MHz AM/SSB 40 channel CB band for land mobile (and marine) communications plus 10 marine-only AM channels in the
1065:
numbered in straight sequence, however many transceivers marketed for this band also include a frequency display. Due to the low-VHF band frequency characteristics of this band, it is often used as an adjunct to, or replacement for, the traditional 26–27 MHz CB allocations.
1581:
interference to other licensed radio services, it need not be licensed for use in Singapore. However, the device must be type approved by IDA for local sale. These personal radios (or walkie talkies in local parlance) are generally programmed with the first 8 channels of the
503:
designation per Finnish law. Power limit is 5 watts for hand-portable stations and 25 watts for mobile stations on all of group A channels and on group E channels 15, 16 and 18–21. Base stations may only be used on group A channels with maximum transmitting power of 15 watts.
1807:
The 30/31 MHz band is sometimes referred to as "PR31" or "Jakt 31 MHz" to avoid confusion with the 155 MHz Jaktradio frequencies. Due to the proximity of this band in frequency to the 26–27 MHz CB band and the wide availability of modified CB or 10-meter
1991:
is 78.9875 MHz). Units are allowed up to 10 watts PEP RF power. External high-gain antennas are permitted. Base station antennas are permitted and base stations are commonly found in this band. Use of selective calling and tone squelch systems such as
92:
These services are different from cellular mobile telephone systems in that no infrastructure (towers, base stations) is required; communications is point-to-point directly between users. However, this also means that communication range is usually limited to
1047:
allocation. Indonesia also has a 60-channel VHF-FM service available from 142.050 MHz to 143.525 MHz (channels spaced every 25 kHz). Indonesia also permits usage of the standardized 26.965–27.405 MHz HF CB band with AM/SSB modes allowed.
488:
operating in the 433 MHz band; these devices are restricted to 10 mW output power and are intended to provide an alternative to PMR446 over short distances. Additionally, most European countries allow use of the 26.965 – 27.405 MHz US FCC
23:
is any system that allows individuals to operate radio transmitters and receivers for personal purposes with minimal or no special license or individual authorization. Personal radio services exist around the world and typically use light-weight
1032:
Channel 1 is 26.965 and channel 27 is 27.275 MHz. Use of frequencies below 26.965 or above 27.275 is not permitted in India. Multi-norm mobile CB radios are now being shipped with the 27 channel India CB frequency plan programmed in them.
1051:
The new frequency allocations (142 & 476 MHz) were regulated in a decision by the Director General of Posts and Telecommunications in decree Number 92 Year 1994 on Implementing Regulation of the Inter-Citizens Radio Communications.
189:
In Australia and New Zealand, the 77-channel (previously 40-channel) UHF CB citizen's band near 477 MHz is used for a similar purpose. In New Zealand hand-held transceivers are "class licensed" and require no individual registration.
248:
FRS band radios may be found in use in China illegally, starting before the Chinese government opened the 409 MHz band to the public. Legal action against such usage is rare, because of the low power and short range of FRS radios.
37:(CB) in the EU and several other countries/regions. 26–27 MHz CB radio is the oldest personal radio service and is used in nearly every country worldwide, with many countries and regions copying the United States 40-channel
1600:
There are two HF AM/SSB CB bands available for use in South Africa, 27 MHz and 29 MHz. There are some radio transceivers sold that include both "27 Megs" and "29 Megs" however some only include one band or the other.
986:
India has a 13-channel UHF-FM service known as "Short Range Radio" or "SRR" that operates in the 350.225–350.400 MHz band with a maximal output power of 2 watts. FM mode is used with 12.5 kHz channel spacing.
2421:
2273:
being 26.965 MHz). Due to the use of both frequency plans, many radios sold in the Russian/Eastern European market come with a -5 kHz or +5 kHz switch to quickly change from one channel plan to the other.
2222:
is a family of services available in different countries and with different operating rules, generally using channels in the 27 MHz part of the radio spectrum. 26–27 MHz occupies the "boundary area" between
120:
In the United States, the Family Radio Service was authorized starting in 1996. Initially, it used half-watt hand-held FM UHF radios with 14 fixed channels near 462 and 467 MHz. For a time dual-standard FRS and
1804:"channel 0" or "M1" (private) channel, allowing communication between portables and radios mounted in boats. Modulation is FM, maximal power 4 watts for 30–31 MHz and 5 watts for 155 MHz.
1219:
142 & 146 MHz VHF-Digital "Personal Radio" service for Personal, Leisure and Family use. Radios must be equipped with a GPS and built-in control ROM for automatic digital callsign identification.
2231:(30–300 MHz). This means that CB signals provide local coverage similar to low-band VHF during times of low sunspot activity. However, during the peak of the sunspot cycle, CB frequencies exhibit
141:
radios and dual-standard FRS/GMRS radios have also been approved for use in Canada, giving additional channels. In Canada, no license is required and no restrictions are imposed on the GMRS channels.
481:
allocation at 476–477 MHz. Use of Australian UHF CB equipment in the United States would cause severe interference to public safety communications, especially in larger metropolitan areas.
1170:
1208:
covers 351 MHz UHF digital service for leisure and business use. Radios must be registered and equipped with a built-in control ROM for automatic digital callsign identification.
1593:
South Africa is in the process of conforming to ITC region 1 recommendations. They do allow 8 channels between 446.0 – 446.1 MHz band currently, this is the same as the European
41:. In many countries, CB radio is less popular due to the availability of other personal radio services that offer shorter antennas and better protection from noise and interference.
1043:
Indonesia allows 40 channels from 476.425 MHz to 477.400 MHz at 25 kHz channel spacing. It is the same channel plan as the original 40 channel Australia/New Zealand
1697:
to either AM only or SSB operation. Channels 19–22 (27.185–27.225 MHz) are designated for AM use and channels 23–27 (27.255–27.275 MHz) are designated for SSB use.
2446:
1714:
frequencies in countries such as the United States is illegal without an amateur radio license as they fall within the 420–450 MHz 70 cm ham radio allocation.
2336:
137:
since April 2000. The revised technical standard RSS 210 has essentially the same technical requirements as in the United States. Since September 2004, low-power
85:, aviation, or emergency services radio, all users in an area share access to the available channels, requiring cooperation for effective communications. Unlike
61:
system is available in many countries, and the American FRS/GMRS system's channel plans have been adopted by Canada, Mexico and some countries in South America.
2551:
97:, a few kilometres (miles) under the best of circumstances, and much less in heavily built up urban areas. Also unlike mobile telephones, operation is
2249:
accessing more frequencies so that a clear frequency may be found. Many CB users have moved to other personal radio services to avoid these issues.
56:
varies around the world, a personal radio service device may not be usable outside its original area of purchase. For example, US-specification
2547:
Wider Choice of Radio-Communication & Wireless Devices for Consumers and Total Annual Savings of $ 200,000 for Telecom Equipment Dealers:
2527:
MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 02-01-97 SUBJECT: LICENSING GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES FOR THE SHORT RANGE RADIO SERVICE (SRRS), retrieved 2009 Oct 23.
2237:
195:
1983:(26 – 27 MHz band) CB service is not allowed in Thailand. 78 MHz takes the place of traditional 27 MHz CB for truckers, etc.
455:
2491:
2287:
1224:
142.934375–142.984375 MHz, 146.934375–146.984375 MHz, digital voice and GPS data, 0.5 watts, 18 channels, 6.25 kHz spacing
1151:
1815:
Handheld radios are available for these frequencies, with some models including both the 30/31 MHz band and the 155 MHz band.
1275:
The Philippines has a radio service for use of families and small businesses. This service is called SRRS or Short Range Radio Service.
2522:
2477:
2396:
198:(ACMA) also allocated a band near 434 MHz for low-powered devices with low potential for interference to other users of the band.
2453:
2187:
2159:
241:
channels near 409 MHz are allocated. Sometimes this is called "Citizen Band" or CB in China, but not to be confused with the
2140:
2536:
2371:
2166:
450:
offers another 16 channels from 446.103125 MHz to 446.196875 MHz with 6.25 kHz channel spacing steps. 4-level
2353:
1183:
Duplex: 421.8125–421.9125 MHz (paired with 440.2625–440.3625 MHz) (Leisure use), 10 mW, 12.5 kHz spacing
2658:
1186:
Duplex: 421.575-421.800 MHz (paired with 440.025-440.250 MHz) (Business use), 10 mW, 12.5 kHz spacing
2173:
2321:
2206:
926:
2000:
and DCS are allowed. According to Thai law, transceivers operating on the 78 MHz band must have a yellow case.
1812:
transceivers that cover up to 32 MHz, some operations on these channels involve the use of modified equipment.
2155:
2568:
2548:
2144:
69:
Specific details vary between the different national services, but many personal radio services operate in the
2633:
2634:"Thailand Amateur Radio Emergency Services- TARES | สมาคมวิทยุสมัครเล่นแห่งประเทศไทย ในพระบรมราชูปถัมภ์"
458:
81:
and a maximum power of only a few watts. Operation is on predetermined channels. Unlike commercial business,
2022:
plan, it is still technically illegal to use equipment designed for the Taiwan market in the United States.
1978:
CB 245 MHz use a red case to indicate that it is a Citizen Band in the VHF 245-246 MHz frequency range.
2593:
981:
465:
One cannot legally use the FRS radio in Europe or PMR446 in the U.S. The 446 MHz band is allocated to
122:
1114:
43.4875 MHz – For safety of life at sea, Marine Use (Ship-to-Ship/Ship-to-Shore), Marinas and Harbors
1111:
43.4750 MHz – For safety of life at sea, Marine Use (Ship-to-Ship/Ship-to-Shore), Marinas and Harbors
1108:
43.4625 MHz – For safety of life at sea, Marine Use (Ship-to-Ship/Ship-to-Shore), Marinas and Harbors
1105:
43.4500 MHz – For safety of life at sea, Marine Use (Ship-to-Ship/Ship-to-Shore), Marinas and Harbors
1610:
1138:
43.5875 MHz – For use by health professionals, doctors, hospitals, and activities related to them.
1135:
43.5750 MHz – For use by health professionals, doctors, hospitals, and activities related to them.
1132:
43.5625 MHz – For use by health professionals, doctors, hospitals, and activities related to them.
1129:
43.5500 MHz – For use by health professionals, doctors, hospitals, and activities related to them.
2613:"ระเบียบใหม่สำหรับการใช้วิทยุเครื่องแดง ผู้ใช้ทุกคนต้องรับรู้ – ชมรมนักวิทยุสมัครเล่นและอาสาบรรเทาภัย"
1040:
Two frequency bands available: VHF-FM (142–143 MHz VHF CB) and UHF-FM (476–477 MHz UHF CB).
2680:
94:
2180:
938:
1180:
Simplex: 422.0500–422.1750 MHz (Business use), 10 mW, 11 channels, 12.5 kHz spacing
2241:
2133:
2078:
2008:, usually mounted on the roofs of high-rise buildings, are used to increase communication range.
1215:
351.20000–351.38125 MHz, digital voice and data, 5 watts, 30 channels, 6.25 kHz spacing
1190:
969:
490:
1177:
Simplex: 422.2000–422.3000 MHz (Leisure use), 10 mW, 9 channels, 12.5 kHz spacing
972:(MURS) in the United States, and the “Jagtradio” (Hunting Radio) services in Norway and Sweden.
2569:"Post- och telestyrelsens föreskrifter om undantag från tillståndsplikt för vissa radiosändare"
2245:
1212:
351.16875–351.19375 MHz, digital voice and data, 1 watt, 5 channels, 6.25 kHz spacing
451:
2498:
2537:
http://region7.ntc.gov.ph/images/LawsRulesAndRegulations/MC/LowPowerEquipment/MC_07-06-98.pdf
48:
A personal radio service handheld radio; this one is for use with the European PMR446 service
2305:
1840:
156.000 MHz (general-purpose channel sometimes grouped with the other hunting channels)
1706:
1606:
245:
within the 27 MHz band. FRS/GMRS and PMR446 radios are not approved for use in China.
238:
216:
110:
78:
57:
1641:
29.7725 MHz – Marine "Channel B" or "Channel 2" and Mobile (AM only) – 4WDC Channel 5
1126:
43.5375 MHz – to aid in the administration of sports and other competitive activities
1123:
43.5250 MHz – To aid in the administration of sports and other competitive activities
1120:
43.5125 MHz – To aid in the administration of sports and other competitive activities
1117:
43.5000 MHz – To aid in the administration of sports and other competitive activities
8:
2375:
2228:
2219:
242:
53:
34:
2659:
https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2009-title47-vol5/pdf/CFR-2009-title47-vol5-part95.pdf
2675:
1169:
or SLPR service covers a variety of low-power uses, and does not require registration.
153:
often bring their FRS radios with them, and since trade between the U.S., Canada, and
2587:
2516:
2471:
2422:"Channels in the 67–72 MHz band allocated for recreational and professional use"
1084:
43.3625 MHz – Rescue, Road/Traffic Control, Forestry, Hunting, Fishing, Security
1081:
43.3500 MHz – Rescue, Road/Traffic Control, Forestry, Hunting, Fishing, Security
1078:
43.3375 MHz – Rescue, Road/Traffic Control, Forestry, Hunting, Fishing, Security
1075:
43.3250 MHz – Rescue, Road/Traffic Control, Forestry, Hunting, Fishing, Security
1072:
43.3125 MHz – Rescue, Road/Traffic Control, Forestry, Hunting, Fishing, Security
1069:
43.3000 MHz – Rescue, Road/Traffic Control, Forestry, Hunting, Fishing, Security
2310:
RSS-210 - Low-power Licence-exempt Radiocommunication Devices (All Frequency Bands)
1801:
1615:
2322:
https://web.archive.org/web/20091026203800/http://geocities.com/wd9ewk/xe-frs.html
1680:
29.9350 MHz – Marine "Channel A" or "Channel 1" (AM) – Marine Calling Channel
2555:
2357:
2350:
934:
1974:
2224:
1276:
191:
38:
2669:
2282:
2085:
1809:
470:
466:
86:
25:
2549:
http://www.ida.gov.sg/News%20and%20Events/20050712103130.aspx?getPagetype=20
44:
98:
82:
1705:
UHF-FM 448.750–449.2625 MHz band allocation similar to the American
1689:
29.9725 MHz – Marine "Channel C" or "Channel 3" and Mobile (AM only)
1653:
29.8225 MHz – Civil Defense – Base/Mobile (AM/SSB) – 4WDC Channel 3
2147: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1988:
237:
is a personal radio service similar to the American-style FRS. Twenty
226:
2122:
968:
mobile telephone service. It is similar in scope and purpose to the
2637:
2005:
2612:
2232:
2013:
users of the 245 MHz VHF CB service, often in large cities.
1659:
29.8475 MHz – Civil Defense (Primary) – Base/Mobile (AM/SSB)
1243:(called "KDR444" to distinguish it from similar services such as
1234:
150:
2649:
Thailand amateur radio emergency services , retrieved 2009 10 24
194:
may be used, but these require individual station licences. The
1710:
1594:
1582:
1244:
1102:
43.4375 MHz – Industrial, Commercial, Agricultural, Crafts
1099:
43.4250 MHz – Industrial, Commercial, Agricultural, Crafts
1096:
43.4125 MHz – Industrial, Commercial, Agricultural, Crafts
1093:
43.4000 MHz – Industrial, Commercial, Agricultural, Crafts
1090:
43.3875 MHz – Industrial, Commercial, Agricultural, Crafts
1087:
43.3750 MHz – Industrial, Commercial, Agricultural, Crafts
1044:
965:
930:
922:
485:
478:
439:
433:
184:
167:
154:
134:
30:
2009:
1997:
1282:
This service has been allocated 40 channels at 325 MHz:
230:
222:
1279:
are not permitted, and units are limited to 2.5 watts.
1993:
474:
447:
443:
138:
133:
American-standard FRS radios have been approved for use in
2369:我国公众无线电对讲机的频段 (Public Radio Services Frequency of China):
2428:. Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority. 2017-02-08
2403:. Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority. 2017-03-19
2306:
http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf01320.html
74:
70:
2341:, Public Information Bulletin 20, retrieved 2011-07-28.
1692:
29.9850 MHz – Civil Defense – Base/Mobile (AM/SSB)
1683:
29.9475 MHz – Civil Defense – Base/Mobile (AM/SSB)
1677:
29.9225 MHz – Mobile, Rural Fire Fighting Use (AM)
1635:
29.7475 MHz – Civil Defense – Base/Mobile (AM/SSB)
1173:
to 10 mW in the 420, 421, and 422 MHz bands.
104:
173:
1147:
Japan has several services in the VHF and UHF bands:
941:) of power on six channels in the 149 MHz band.
964:
The Freenet allocation is a re-purposing of the old
2566:
2068:
467.6750 MHz – US GMRS Repeater Ch 20/28 Input
2062:
467.6500 MHz – US GMRS Repeater Ch 19/27 Input
2056:
467.6250 MHz – US GMRS Repeater Ch 18/26 Input
2050:
467.6000 MHz – US GMRS Repeater Ch 17/25 Input
2044:
467.5750 MHz – US GMRS Repeater Ch 16/24 Input
2038:
467.5500 MHz – US GMRS Repeater Ch 15/23 Input
29:country. Examples of standardized services include
477:VHF CB allocation, and the Australian/New Zealand
166:Dual-mode GMRS/FRS equipment is also approved in
2667:
1671:29.8975 MHz – Mobile (AM) – 4WDC Channel 1
1665:29.8725 MHz – Mobile (AM) – 4WDC Channel 2
1638:29.7600 MHz – Mobile (AM) – 4WDC Channel 4
1201:
1162:
454:modulation at 3.6 kbit/s is used. Digital
2325:Mexico's Family Radio Service (FRS) equivalent
1195:
1156:
933:radio, Germany has a VHF-FM allocation called
252:List of China Public Radio Service Channels:
196:Australian Communications and Media Authority
178:
64:
2397:"Hunting and other recreational activities"
2288:Unlicensed Personal Communications Services
2207:Learn how and when to remove this message
2084:from the Business/Industrial Radio Pool (
2025:FRS, 14 channels, 12.5 kHz spacing:
1818:VHF-FM High Band 155 MHz Jaktradio:
2344:
1973:
43:
1844:VHF-FM Low Band 31 MHz Jaktradio:
1609:mode may be used on any channel, while
2668:
2521:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2476:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2351:ACMA spectrum for 434 MHz LIPD devices
2607:
2605:
2603:
2065:467.6625 MHz – US FRS Channel 12
2059:467.6375 MHz – US FRS Channel 11
2053:467.6125 MHz – US FRS Channel 10
2145:adding citations to reliable sources
2116:
2047:467.5875 MHz – US FRS Channel 9
2041:467.5625 MHz – US FRS Channel 8
937:that allows a maximum of 1 W (
105:Family Radio Service and derivatives
174:Using other UHF and VHF frequencies
13:
2600:
2072:
534:Roadside assistance organizations
77:part of the radio spectrum, using
14:
2692:
2112:
494:allowing the use of SSB as well.
2121:
161:
115:
2652:
2626:
2560:
2541:
2530:
2132:needs additional citations for
1588:
2484:
2439:
2414:
2389:
2363:
2330:
2315:
2299:
1700:
1686:29.9600 MHz – Mobile (AM)
1674:29.9100 MHz – Mobile (AM)
1668:29.8850 MHz – Mobile (AM)
1662:29.8600 MHz – Mobile (AM)
1656:29.8350 MHz – Mobile (AM)
1650:29.8100 MHz – Mobile (AM)
1647:29.7975 MHz – Mobile (AM)
1644:29.7850 MHz – Mobile (AM)
1632:29.7350 MHz – Mobile (AM)
1629:29.7225 MHz – Mobile (AM)
1626:29.7100 MHz – Mobile (AM)
1270:
1164:tokutei shōdenryoku musenkyoku
1:
2293:
484:European countries also have
201:
158:devices purchased elsewhere.
1575:
1241:Short distance radio service
1035:
982:Citizens Band radio in India
921:In addition to license-free
123:General Mobile Radio Service
7:
2276:
1969:
1202:
1163:
10:
2697:
2104:154.6 MHz "Green Dot"
2101:154.57 MHz "Blue Dot"
2076:
1232:
1171:Walkie-talkies are limited
979:
916:
497:
431:
214:
182:
108:
2567:Post- och telestyrelsen.
2016:
1794:
1228:
1203:dejitaru kan'i musenkyoku
1196:
1157:
1152:Specified Low Power Radio
590:Voluntary rescue service
562:Voluntary rescue service
469:in the United States. In
427:
179:Australia and New Zealand
144:
128:
95:line-of-sight propagation
65:Operating characteristics
2592:: CS1 maint: location (
2156:"Personal radio service"
1142:
1055:
975:
210:
2079:Multi-Use Radio Service
970:Multi-Use Radio Service
16:Group of radio services
2372:"我国公众无线电对讲机的频段--前沿无线电"
2339:Personal Radio Service
2246:tragedy of the commons
2086:Business Radio Service
1979:
49:
21:personal radio service
2327:retrieved 2009 Oct 23
2312:retrieved 2009 Oct 23
2238:150-mile rule deleted
1977:
47:
2227:(3–30 MHz) and
2141:improve this article
1191:Digital Simple Radio
491:Citizen's Band Radio
235:Public Radio Service
217:Public Radio Service
111:Family Radio Service
79:frequency modulation
58:Family Radio Service
2426:Viestintavirasto.fi
2401:Viestintavirasto.fi
2220:Citizens Band radio
243:Citizens Band radio
54:spectrum allocation
35:Citizens Band Radio
2554:2012-02-28 at the
2356:2012-03-17 at the
2242:FCC September 2017
1980:
50:
2217:
2216:
2209:
2191:
2035:467.5375 MHz
2032:467.5250 MHz
2029:467.5125 MHz
1790:449.2625 MHz
1787:449.2500 MHz
1784:449.2375 MHz
1781:449.2250 MHz
1778:449.2125 MHz
1775:449.2000 MHz
1772:449.1875 MHz
1769:449.1750 MHz
1766:449.1625 MHz
1763:449.1500 MHz
1760:448.9250 MHz
1757:448.9125 MHz
1754:448.9000 MHz
1751:448.8875 MHz
1748:448.8750 MHz
1745:448.8625 MHz
1742:448.8500 MHz
1739:448.8375 MHz
1736:448.8250 MHz
1733:448.8125 MHz
1730:448.8000 MHz
1727:448.7875 MHz
1724:448.7750 MHz
1721:448.7625 MHz
1718:448.7500 MHz
1573:
1572:
1027:350.4000 MHz
1024:350.3875 MHz
1021:350.3750 MHz
1018:350.3625 MHz
1015:350.3500 MHz
1012:350.3375 MHz
1009:350.3250 MHz
1006:350.3125 MHz
1003:350.3000 MHz
1000:350.2875 MHz
997:350.2750 MHz
994:350.2625 MHz
991:350.2250 MHz
960:149.1125 MHz
957:149.1000 MHz
954:149.0875 MHz
951:149.0500 MHz
948:149.0375 MHz
945:149.0250 MHz
914:
913:
597:
596:
425:
424:
2688:
2681:Radio technology
2661:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2636:. Archived from
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2609:
2598:
2597:
2591:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2573:
2564:
2558:
2545:
2539:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2520:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2503:
2497:. Archived from
2496:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2475:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2458:
2452:. Archived from
2451:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2374:. Archived from
2367:
2361:
2348:
2342:
2334:
2328:
2319:
2313:
2308:Industry Canada
2303:
2212:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2192:
2190:
2149:
2125:
2117:
1837:155.525 MHz
1834:155.500 MHz
1831:155.475 MHz
1828:155.450 MHz
1825:155.425 MHz
1822:155.400 MHz
1802:Marine VHF radio
1616:Marine VHF radio
1285:
1284:
1266:138.750 MHz
1263:143.250 MHz
1260:138.850 MHz
1257:143.350 MHz
1254:139.400 MHz
1251:143.900 MHz
1207:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1168:
1166:
1160:
1159:
904:72.325 MHz
890:71.600 MHz
876:71.575 MHz
862:71.550 MHz
848:71.350 MHz
834:71.900 MHz
820:71.750 MHz
806:71.175 MHz
792:68.375 MHz
778:71.100 MHz
764:71.050 MHz
750:71.025 MHz
736:70.200 MHz
722:71.625 MHz
708:71.475 MHz
694:71.425 MHz
680:71.375 MHz
666:67.500 MHz
652:68.175 MHz
638:68.575 MHz
624:68.050 MHz
604:
603:
587:68.225 MHz
573:68.525 MHz
559:68.425 MHz
545:68.300 MHz
531:68.100 MHz
511:
510:
462:frequency band.
255:
254:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2618:
2616:
2611:
2610:
2601:
2585:
2584:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2561:
2556:Wayback Machine
2546:
2542:
2535:
2531:
2514:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2492:"Archived copy"
2490:
2489:
2485:
2469:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2449:
2447:"Archived copy"
2445:
2444:
2440:
2431:
2429:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2406:
2404:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2381:
2379:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2358:Wayback Machine
2349:
2345:
2335:
2331:
2320:
2316:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2279:
2213:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2150:
2148:
2138:
2126:
2115:
2098:151.94 MHz
2095:151.88 MHz
2092:151.82 MHz
2081:
2075:
2019:
1972:
1965:31.370 MHz
1962:31.360 MHz
1959:31.350 MHz
1956:31.340 MHz
1953:31.330 MHz
1950:31.320 MHz
1947:31.310 MHz
1944:31.300 MHz
1941:31.290 MHz
1938:31.280 MHz
1935:31.270 MHz
1932:31.260 MHz
1929:31.250 MHz
1926:31.240 MHz
1923:31.230 MHz
1920:31.220 MHz
1917:31.210 MHz
1914:31.200 MHz
1911:31.190 MHz
1908:31.180 MHz
1905:31.170 MHz
1902:31.160 MHz
1899:31.150 MHz
1896:31.140 MHz
1893:31.130 MHz
1890:31.120 MHz
1887:31.110 MHz
1884:31.100 MHz
1881:31.090 MHz
1878:31.080 MHz
1875:31.070 MHz
1872:31.060 MHz
1869:31.050 MHz
1866:31.040 MHz
1863:31.030 MHz
1860:30.970 MHz
1857:30.960 MHz
1854:30.950 MHz
1851:30.940 MHz
1848:30.930 MHz
1797:
1703:
1591:
1578:
1273:
1237:
1231:
1193:
1154:
1145:
1058:
1038:
984:
978:
919:
600:Channel group E
507:Channel group A
500:
446:446"). Digital
436:
430:
219:
213:
204:
187:
181:
176:
164:
147:
131:
118:
113:
107:
67:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2694:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2663:
2662:
2651:
2625:
2599:
2559:
2540:
2529:
2483:
2438:
2413:
2388:
2362:
2343:
2329:
2314:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2278:
2275:
2215:
2214:
2129:
2127:
2120:
2114:
2113:Using HF range
2111:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2077:Main article:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2018:
2015:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
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1636:
1633:
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1627:
1590:
1587:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1493:
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1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1233:Main article:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1057:
1054:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
977:
974:
962:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
918:
915:
912:
911:
908:
905:
902:
898:
897:
894:
891:
888:
884:
883:
880:
877:
874:
870:
869:
866:
863:
860:
856:
855:
852:
849:
846:
842:
841:
838:
835:
832:
828:
827:
824:
821:
818:
814:
813:
810:
807:
804:
800:
799:
796:
793:
790:
786:
785:
782:
779:
776:
772:
771:
768:
765:
762:
758:
757:
754:
751:
748:
744:
743:
740:
737:
734:
730:
729:
726:
723:
720:
716:
715:
712:
709:
706:
702:
701:
698:
695:
692:
688:
687:
684:
681:
678:
674:
673:
670:
667:
664:
660:
659:
656:
653:
650:
646:
645:
642:
639:
636:
632:
631:
628:
625:
622:
618:
617:
614:
611:
608:
595:
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432:Main article:
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109:Main article:
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52:Because radio
39:frequency plan
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2682:
2679:
2677:
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2673:
2671:
2660:
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2640:on 2008-06-21
2639:
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2608:
2606:
2604:
2595:
2589:
2570:
2563:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2533:
2524:
2518:
2504:on 2012-02-28
2500:
2493:
2487:
2479:
2473:
2459:on 2016-01-20
2455:
2448:
2442:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2378:on 2013-04-07
2377:
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2283:Business band
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2158: –
2157:
2153:
2152:Find sources:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2130:This section
2128:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2110:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
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2087:
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2073:United States
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2014:
2011:
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1995:
1990:
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1810:amateur radio
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1716:
1715:
1712:
1709:and European
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1598:
1596:
1586:
1585:frequencies.
1584:
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1246:
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1239:Norway has a
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576:Motor sports
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548:Motor sports
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471:Great Britain
468:
467:amateur radio
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460:
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199:
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186:
171:
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162:South America
159:
156:
152:
142:
140:
136:
126:
124:
116:United States
112:
102:
100:
96:
90:
88:
87:amateur radio
84:
80:
76:
72:
62:
59:
55:
46:
42:
40:
36:
32:
27:
26:walkie talkie
22:
2654:
2642:. Retrieved
2638:the original
2628:
2617:. Retrieved
2576:. Retrieved
2562:
2543:
2532:
2506:. Retrieved
2499:the original
2486:
2461:. Retrieved
2454:the original
2441:
2430:. Retrieved
2425:
2416:
2405:. Retrieved
2400:
2391:
2380:. Retrieved
2376:the original
2365:
2346:
2338:
2332:
2324:
2317:
2309:
2301:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2218:
2203:
2194:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2151:
2139:Please help
2134:verification
2131:
2107:
2082:
2024:
2020:
2002:
1985:
1981:
1843:
1817:
1814:
1806:
1798:
1704:
1695:
1620:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1589:South Africa
1579:
1281:
1274:
1240:
1238:
1218:
1189:
1149:
1146:
1063:
1059:
1050:
1042:
1039:
1030:
985:
963:
920:
907:General use
893:General use
879:General use
865:General use
851:General use
837:General use
823:General use
809:General use
795:General use
781:General use
767:General use
753:General use
739:General use
725:General use
711:General use
697:General use
683:General use
669:General use
655:General use
641:General use
627:General use
616:Power limit
599:
598:
523:Power limit
506:
505:
501:
483:
464:
437:
251:
247:
234:
220:
205:
188:
165:
148:
132:
119:
99:push-to-talk
91:
68:
51:
20:
18:
1701:South Korea
1309:Frequency
1271:Philippines
486:LPD devices
261:Frequency
2670:Categories
2644:2012-03-09
2619:2023-10-28
2508:2012-03-09
2463:2007-02-18
2432:2018-05-28
2407:2018-05-28
2382:2013-03-03
2294:References
2197:April 2019
2167:newspapers
1989:channel 80
1303:Frequency
1297:Frequency
1291:Frequency
980:See also:
840:25 W
826:25 W
812:25 W
798:25 W
784:25 W
770:25 W
610:Frequency
593:25 W
579:25 W
565:25 W
551:25 W
537:25 W
517:Frequency
456:DMR Tier I
202:Bangladesh
2676:Bandplans
2615:(in Thai)
2574:. §§73-74
2006:repeaters
1576:Singapore
1569:325.4875
1543:325.4750
1517:325.4625
1491:325.4500
1465:325.4375
1439:325.4250
1413:325.4125
1387:325.4000
1361:325.3875
1335:325.3750
1277:Repeaters
1036:Indonesia
910:5 W
896:5 W
882:5 W
868:5 W
854:5 W
756:5 W
742:5 W
728:5 W
714:5 W
700:5 W
686:5 W
672:5 W
658:5 W
644:5 W
630:5 W
421:409.9875
413:409.9750
405:409.9625
397:409.9500
389:409.9375
381:409.9250
373:409.9125
365:409.9000
357:409.8875
349:409.8750
341:409.8625
333:409.8500
325:409.8375
317:409.8250
309:409.8125
301:409.8000
293:409.7875
285:409.7750
277:409.7625
269:409.7500
227:Hong Kong
192:Repeaters
2588:cite web
2552:Archived
2517:cite web
2472:cite web
2354:Archived
2277:See also
1970:Thailand
1563:325.3625
1557:325.2375
1551:325.1125
1537:325.3500
1531:325.2250
1525:325.1000
1511:325.3375
1505:325.2125
1499:325.0875
1485:325.3250
1479:325.2000
1473:325.0750
1459:325.3125
1453:325.1875
1447:325.0625
1433:325.3000
1427:325.1750
1421:325.0500
1407:325.2875
1401:325.1625
1395:325.0375
1381:325.2750
1375:325.1500
1369:325.0250
1355:325.2625
1349:325.1375
1343:325.0125
1329:325.2500
1323:325.1250
1317:325.0000
1197:デジタル簡易無線
1158:特定小電力無線局
1150:Japan's
929:and SRD/
607:Channel
514:Channel
151:tourists
2233:skywave
2181:scholar
1306:Channel
1300:Channel
1294:Channel
1288:Channel
1235:KDR 444
935:Freenet
917:Germany
498:Finland
258:Channel
33:and FM
2578:19 May
2183:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2154:
2017:Taiwan
1795:Sweden
1711:PMR446
1618:band.
1595:PMR446
1583:PMR446
1245:PMR446
1229:Norway
1045:UHF CB
966:B-Netz
931:LPD433
923:PMR446
613:Usage
520:Usage
479:UHF CB
440:Europe
434:PMR446
428:Europe
233:, the
185:UHF CB
168:Brazil
155:Mexico
149:Since
145:Mexico
135:Canada
129:Canada
83:marine
31:PMR446
2572:(PDF)
2502:(PDF)
2495:(PDF)
2457:(PDF)
2450:(PDF)
2188:JSTOR
2174:books
2010:CTCSS
1998:CTCSS
1143:Japan
1056:Italy
976:India
231:Macau
223:China
211:China
2594:link
2580:2016
2523:link
2478:link
2160:news
1994:DTMF
475:MURS
459:TDMA
448:FDMA
444:DPMR
229:and
139:GMRS
2240:by
2229:VHF
2143:by
1707:FRS
1611:SSB
939:ERP
901:26
887:25
873:24
859:23
845:22
831:21
817:20
803:19
789:18
775:16
761:15
747:14
733:13
719:12
705:11
691:10
584:17
452:FSK
438:In
239:UHF
221:In
75:UHF
73:or
71:VHF
2672::
2602:^
2590:}}
2586:{{
2519:}}
2515:{{
2474:}}
2470:{{
2424:.
2399:.
2225:HF
1996:,
1607:AM
1597:.
1566:40
1560:30
1554:20
1548:10
1540:39
1534:29
1528:19
1514:38
1508:28
1502:18
1488:37
1482:27
1476:17
1462:36
1456:26
1450:16
1436:35
1430:25
1424:15
1410:34
1404:24
1398:14
1384:33
1378:23
1372:13
1358:32
1352:22
1346:12
1332:31
1326:21
1320:11
1200:,
1161:,
927:CB
925:,
677:9
663:8
649:7
635:6
621:5
570:4
556:3
542:2
528:1
418:20
410:19
402:18
394:17
386:16
378:15
370:14
362:13
354:12
346:11
338:10
225:,
170:.
19:A
2647:.
2622:.
2596:)
2582:.
2525:)
2511:.
2480:)
2466:.
2435:.
2410:.
2385:.
2360:.
2210:)
2204:(
2199:)
2195:(
2185:·
2178:·
2171:·
2164:·
2137:.
1522:9
1496:8
1470:7
1444:6
1418:5
1392:4
1366:3
1340:2
1314:1
1206:)
1194:(
1167:)
1155:(
330:9
322:8
314:7
306:6
298:5
290:4
282:3
274:2
266:1
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
