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atmosphere and at Peter's Hall in 1924, the labourers were accompanied by a "foo-foo band". Some
European observers thought the participants largely harmless although the colonial government took a more disapproving view and there was sometimes violence from both sides. Academics have seen the parades through the streets, stick waving, drumming, music, revelry, and visiting homes to consume food and drink, as part of a West Indian carnival tradition with African roots even though the participants were by no means all of African descent.
353:. They wished to return to India but had been unable to persuade the British government to provide the return passage to which they were legally entitled. Workers often deserted, including 50–60 who were mostly Chinese, and efforts were being made by the manager William Dudley Scott to recover them with mixed success. The facilities at Peter's Hall included a small "hospital", a "gambling room" and a one-room school that the teacher complained the children were discouraged from attending by the driver (supervisor).
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Workers from Peter's Hall participated in labour disputes and revolts in 1911, 1912, and 1913. In a 1924 revolt, labourers "armed with sticks and beating drums" enter the managers' houses at several plantations including Peter's Hall, and made the house servants leave. The riots often had a carnival
381:
reported in their survey of
British Guiana's sugar estates that Peter's Hall had been enlarged with the addition of the Eccles and Henry plantations and half each of the Profit and Sage Pond plantations making it a "very valuable amalgamation". The paper reported that it had had at least $ 50,000
284:
as shown on the 1832 map of St Mathew's Parish by which time the Sage Pond coffee plantation, served by Canal Number 3, had been created to the east behind Peter's Hall. All the original plantations were laid out to be adjacent to water for transport and the irrigation of crops, with three canals
330:
In 1870, commissioners were appointed to enquire into the conditions of immigrant labour in
British Guiana following disturbances at various plantations. In October that year they inspected Peter's Hall, then owned by The Colonial Company Limited, and found the plantation's workers to be:
356:
The high number of Indian workers may reflect the high levels of Indian migration to
British Guiana as planters attempted to replace slave labour freed after abolition. Over 238,000 Indians migrated to the colony as indentured labour between 1838 and the end of the migration in the early
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63:
386:(990 tons). The uncultivated land included that used for the extensive irrigation and drainage channels that were required due to the water-intensive nature of the sugar crop and the often swampy and flood-prone nature of the area.
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deceased who had died around 1822. The 1832 map of St Mathew's Parish shows "195 Negroes" and a note (B) that the plantation contained a rectory, a church, and a school room.
246:
In 1870 it was one of the plantations inspected in detail by the commissioners investigating labour conditions in the colony. They found the majority of the workers to be
239:. It was probably laid out in the mid-eighteenth century and by the early nineteenth century had over 200 slaves before that institution was abolished in the
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from India and China. In the early twentieth century its workers participated in the unrest that was seen on a number of plantations in
Georgetown.
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Plantation Peter's Hall is now the name of a suburb of
Georgetown. It has been joined to the west bank of the Demerara River since 1978 by the
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as there was a strong planter preference for north
Indians as south Indians were thought to be weaker and liable to become "hospital birds".
56:
Plantation Peter's Hall (marked B, bottom left) on a map of St. Mathew's Parish, Demerara River east bank, 1832. Also showing Canal Number 3.
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British colonial records show that the plantation had 244 slaves in 1817, 221 in 1826, and 195 in 1832. It was held in 1826 and 1832 by the
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spent on improvements and was made up of 937 acres of cane, 166 of plantains, and 260 acres uncultivated, producing a crop of 1,100
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in 1833, claims and counter-claims were made in London for compensation for the loss of slaves at Peter's Hall of £9,256.
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277:, marked plot 12, bordered by the Providence plantation to the south, and the unnamed Eccles plantation to the north.
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Carte genérale & particulière de la
Colonie d'Essequebe & Demerarie : située dans la Guiane, en Amérique
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17:
273:, was created in 1755 and owned by Pieter Haley. It may be synonymous with the Peter's Hall which appears on the
541:
Order and Place in a
Colonial City: Patterns of Struggle and Resistance in Georgetown, British Guiana, 1889–1924
285:(1,2,3) being built from 1775 to allow additional plantations to be created further from the river's edge.
423:
The area saw additional development from around 2013 under a scheme known as the Peter's Hall New Scheme.
71:, showing the division of the land adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean and the Demerara River into plantations.
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Guyanese Sugar
Plantations in the Late Nineteenth Century: A Contemporary Description from the "Argosy"
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Caerte van de rivier Demerary van ouds Immenary : gelegen op Suyd Americaes Noordkust &c.
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http://guyanachronicle.com/2014/05/05/immigration-and-colonisation-of-indians-in-british-guiana-2
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795 Asiatics (Separate immigration returns divide these into 338 indentured, 412 unindentured)
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372:, that was published in 1882 and explained the extensive irrigation required to grow sugar.
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Among the workers were 60 Indians who had migrated to Guyana after spending ten years in
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A 1798 Dutch map shows Peter's Hall as a coffee plantation but the crop later changed to
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St. Mathew's Parish, being the east bank of Demerara River as far as settlements extend.
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British Guiana 629 (Peter's Hall) Claim Details, Associated Individuals and Estates
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A History of Trade Unionism in Guyana, 1900 to 1961, with an Epilogue to 1964
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worked as a manager at Peter's Hall early in his career, co-writing a book,
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The Overseer's Manual; or, a Guide to the Canefield and the Sugar Factory.
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The Overseer's Manual; or, a Guide to the Canefield and the Sugar Factory
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According to a Dutch map of 1759, a plantation, numbered 12 and named
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Crowns of Glory, Tears of Blood: The Demerara Slave Rebellion of 1823
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by A. A. Thorne, pp. 505–509 (p. 507) in Nancy Cunard (1934) (Ed.)
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Legacies of British Slave-ownership, UCL. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
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Legacies of British Slave-ownership, UCL. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
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Legacies of British Slave-ownership, UCL. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
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35 male and 15 female workers from India who were not indentured.
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Passage from India to El Dorado: Guyana and the Great Migration
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543:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 19–20.
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In 1841, the plantation was sold at auction by court order.
684:"The Negro and his Descendants in British Guiana, Part II"
659:
An overview of Indian Indentureship in Guyana, 1838–1917.
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the population of the plantation in 1881 was made up of:
253:
Plantation Peter's Hall is now the name of a suburb of
622:. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 146.
600:"British Guiana. Counties of Demerara and Esscquebo"
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201 male and 22 female indentured workers from China
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516:Rodney, Walter. (Ed. & Introduction) (1979)
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476:. Suriname 1599–1975. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
800:, 21 September 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
793:Plantation Peter’s Hall without electricity.
710:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.
459:Library of Congress. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
322:abolition of slavery in the British colonies
819:http://guyanachronicle.com/2012/05/05/sugar
692:. London: Nancy Cunard at Wishart & Co.
504:Suriname 1599–1975. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
490:Suriname 1599–1975. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
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783:overtown.org.uk Retrieved 2 March 2019.
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539:De Barros, Juanita. (2003).
357:20th-century. Most came via
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400:167 People from other lands
305:Transporting cut sugar cane
44:Coffee and sugar plantation
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364:The influential planter
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227:on the east bank of the
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418:Demerara Harbour Bridge
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648:Hollett, pp. 151–154.
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366:Edward Chauncey Luard
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175:6.771916°N 58.18744°W
248:indentured labourers
180:6.771916; -58.18744
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779:2019-03-06 at the
740:Rodney, pp. 48–49.
604:The London Gazette
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629:978-0-8386-3819-4
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439:References
391:The Argosy
378:The Argosy
339:from India
257:in modern
255:Georgetown
225:plantation
166:58°11′15″W
37:Georgetown
384:hogsheads
375:In 1883,
311:executors
163:6°46′19″N
777:Archived
427:See also
359:Calcutta
191:Country
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259:Guyana
223:was a
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282:sugar
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