227:), 2) perceived value of winning, and 3) aggressiveness and argues that if variation in the last trait -aggressiveness- exists in a biologically meaningful way, it ought to be fixed for life at an early stage of development. Many studies on both human, and non-human, animals suggest that inter-individual variation in adult aggressiveness is largely organised by
247:
Among his other research into digit ratio, Hurd has demonstrated that, while there is no difference in digit ratio between the sexes in most laboratory mice, that pups which gested next to brothers have higher digit ratios than those whose uterine neighbours were sisters, and that the large
31:
119:
within the
Department of Psychology's Biocognition Unit and the University's Centre for Neuroscience. His research primarily focuses on the study of the evolution of aggressive behaviour, including investigation of aggression, communication and other
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suggesting a positive correlation in males between aggressive tendency and the ratio of the lengths of the ring finger to his index finger. These gathered significant media attention, being reported on the
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traits have evolved to exploit previously existing biases in the sensory, or recognition, systems of their receivers, rather than being handicapped displays. Hurd has argued against the
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threat displays using game theoretical models. Adding empirical support to this theoretical work, Hurd has also argued that threat displays in birds and headbob displays in the lizard
640:
Hurd PL, Bailey AA, Gongal PA, Yan RH, Greer JJ & Pagliardini S. 2007. Intrauterine position effects on anogenital distance and digit ratio in male and female mice.
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Hurd PL, Wachtmeister C-A & Enquist M, 1995. Darwin's principle of antithesis revisited: a role for perceptual biases in the evolution of intraspecific signals.
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exposure. Hurd demonstrated that men with more feminine typical-digit ratios showed lower aggressive tendency than males with more masculine-typical digit ratios.
325:
705:
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Hurd PL & van Anders SM. 2007. Latitude, digit ratios, and Allen's and
Bergmann's rules: A comment on Loehlin, McFadden, Medland, and Martin (2006).
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are conventional signals, rather than handicaps. Hurd attributes the preponderance of handicap models in biology to the use of simple
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Hurd PL. 2006. Resource holding potential, subjective resource value, and game theoretical models of aggressiveness signalling.
443:
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Ryan MR, Rand W, Hurd PL, Phelps SM & Rand AS, 2003. Generalization in response to allopatric mate recognition signals.
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Hurd PL & Enquist M. 1998. Conventional signalling in aggressive interactions: the importance of temporal structure.
715:
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Bailey AA, Wahlsten D & Hurd PL, 2005. Digit ratio (2D:4D) and behavioral differences between inbred mouse strains.
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Enquist M, Ghirlanda S, and Hurd, PL. 1998. Discrete conventional signalling of continuously varying resource value.
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Hurd PL, 2004. Conventional displays: evidence for socially mediated costs of threat displays in a lizard.
542:
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Bailey AA & Hurd PL, 2005. Finger length ratio predicts physical aggression in men but not women.
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Some of Hurd's most cited papers deal with the evolution of mating displays, including the idea that
235:(2D:4D, the ratio of index to ring finger length) is a widely used as a proxy measure for prenatal
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730:
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Hurd has classified models of fighting behaviour into those driven by: 1) fighting ability (aka
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which takes place between animals with conflicting interests. Major tools for this research are
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University of
Alberta, Undergrad Psychology Association "Professor of the Month" interview,
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Hurd PL, 1997. Is signalling of fighting ability costlier for weaker individuals?
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Hurd PL & Enquist M. 2005. A strategic taxonomy of biological communication.
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Nicholas
Bakalar, "What else His Ring Finger Says" the New York Times, D6 (2005)
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as an
Assistant Professor. Hurd was promoted to Associate Professor in 2007.
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view of animal communication, demonstrating the evolutionary stability of
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differences in digit ratios between populations may be explained by
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which are incapable of modelling conventional signalling.
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Hurd, PL; Enquist, M. 2001. Threat display in birds.
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produces individual differences in social behaviour.
280:, Hurd was an enthusiastic member of a student run
320:(Awarded in 1997) before committing to an initial
686:Pete Hurd homepage from the University of Alberta
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136:). He is also interested in how the process of
444:Research Overview with Reference to Jay Leno
706:Academic staff of the University of Alberta
671:https://www.ualberta.ca/~upa/prof_hurd.htm
456:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
284:group while unenthusiastically attending
336:in 2000 until 2001 when he moved to the
693:
426:Summary of National Geographic Article
332:. Hurd then became a lecturer at the
264:Strongly influenced as a youth by the
115:. He is an Associate Professor at the
711:University of Texas at Austin faculty
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63:, social behaviour esp. in conflict
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726:21st-century Canadian biologists
415:Scientific American Mind article
268:movement and such influences as
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721:Simon Fraser University alumni
592:Journal of Theoretical Biology
508:Journal of Theoretical Biology
491:Journal of Theoretical Biology
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229:prenatal exposure to androgens
189:Evolution of animal signalling
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655:Archives of Sexual Behavior
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626:Genes, Brain & Behavior
543:Canadian Journal of Zoology
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286:Colonel By Secondary School
203:conventional (non-handicap)
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716:Carleton University alumni
404:Discover magazine Article
383:Article on The BBC website
225:resource holding potential
143:Hurd conducted a study on
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300:in 1990, followed by an
167:Scientific American Mind
322:postdoctoral fellowship
306:Simon Fraser University
288:. He then completed a
46:Simon Fraser University
138:sexual differentiation
609:Biological Psychology
385:(Retrieved June 2007)
338:University of Alberta
126:mathematical modeling
117:University of Alberta
97:University of Alberta
318:Stockholm University
50:Stockholm University
560:Aggressive Behavior
473:American Naturalist
334:University of Texas
330:University of Texas
294:Carleton University
208:Anolis carolinensis
173:National Geographic
93:University of Texas
42:Carleton University
431:2009-10-27 at the
199:handicap principle
155:The New York Times
134:genetic algorithms
59:finger length and
364:Signalling theory
278:Summerhill School
195:sexually selected
161:Discover Magazine
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69:Scientific career
16:Canadian academic
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213:signalling games
122:social behaviour
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145:digit ratios
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89:Institutions
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644:(in press).
531:: 749--753.
359:Digit ratio
282:free school
274:A. S. Neill
243:Digit ratio
233:Digit ratio
130:game theory
61:digit ratio
695:Categories
660:: 139-141.
631:: 318-323.
597:: 639-648.
565:: 326-341.
549:: 931-942.
513:: 197-211.
479:: 380-394.
461:: 201-205.
370:References
354:Aggression
83:psychology
615:: 215-222
326:Mike Ryan
497:: 83-88.
429:Archived
348:See also
184:Research
178:Jay Leno
328:at the
176:and on
113:biology
79:biology
342:Canada
310:Sweden
298:Canada
75:Fields
324:with
152:, in
459:B259
272:and
252:and
132:and
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511:192
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477:161
316:at
314:PhD
302:MSc
292:at
290:BSc
276:'s
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150:BBC
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