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it have somebody standing by with a light . Put a corner of the material down in front of you, turn the bottle over so that petrol soaks out round the mouth of the bottle and drips on to this corner of the material. Turn the bottle right way up again, hold it in your right hand, most of the blanket bunched beneath the bottle, with your left hand take the blanket near the corner that is wetted with petrol. Wait for your tank. When near enough, your pal lights the petrol soaked corner of the blanket. Throw the bottle and blanket as soon as this corner is flaring. (You cannot throw it far.) See that it drops in front of the tank. The blanket should catch in the tracks or in a cog-wheel, or wind itself round an axle. The bottle will smash, but the petrol should soak the blanket well enough to make a really healthy fire which will burn the rubber wheels on which the tank track runs, set fire to the carburettor or frizzle the crew. Do not play with these things. They are highly dangerous.
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limited; a turret-mounted machine gun has a very slow traverse and cannot hope to fend off attackers coming from all directions. Once sufficiently close, it is possible to hide where the tank's gunner cannot see: "The most dangerous distance away from a tank is 200 yards; the safest distance is six inches." Petrol bombs will soon produce a pall of blinding smoke, and a well-placed explosive package or even a stout iron bar in the tracks can immobilise the vehicle, leaving it at the mercy of further petrol bombs â which will suffocate the engine and possibly the crew â or an explosive charge or anti-tank mine.
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1146:: "There was some concern that, if the tank drivers could not pull up quickly enough and hop out, they were likely to be frizzled to death, but after looking at the bottles they said they would be happy to take a chance." The drivers were proved right, trials on modern British tanks confirmed that Molotov and SIP grenades caused the occupants of the tanks "no inconvenience whatsoever."
1421:
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1123:. Over time, the rubber would slowly dissolve, making the contents slightly sticky, and the mixture would separate into two layers â this was intentional, and the grenade should not be shaken to mix the layers, as this would only delay ignition. When thrown against a hard surface, the glass would shatter and the contents would instantly ignite, liberating choking fumes of
1085:
Wintringham advised that a tank that was isolated from supporting infantry was potentially vulnerable to men who had the required determination and cunning to get close. Rifles or even a shotgun would be sufficient to persuade the crew to close all the hatches, and then the view from the tank is very
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was the standard US device, but each division of the army could come up with its own. Two non-industrial models of these grenades were developed and manufactured in a certain quantity. In all, about five thousand were manufactured. The frangible grenades featured standardized chemical igniters, some
1212:
in 1940 the
Norwegian Army lacking suitable anti-tank weaponry had to rely on petrol bombs and other improvised weapons to fight German armored vehicles. Instructions from Norwegian High Command sent to army units in April 1940 encouraged soldiers to start ad-hoc production of "Hitler cocktails" (a
1039:
attached to either side. Before use, one or both of the matches were lit; when the bottle broke on impact, the mixture ignited. The storm matches were found to be safer to use than a burning rag on the mouth of the bottle. There was also an "A bottle". This replaced the matches with a small ampoule
1011:
The Finns' policy was to allow the
Russian tanks to penetrate their defences, even inducing them to do so by 'canalising' them through gaps and concentrating their small arms fire on the infantry following them. The tanks that penetrated were taken on by gun fire in the open and by small parties of
912:
We made use of "petrol bombs" roughly as follows: take a 2lb glass jam jar. Fill with petrol. Take a heavy curtain, half a blanket, or some other heavy material. Wrap this over the mouth of the jar, tie it round the neck with string, leave the ends of the material hanging free. When you want to use
1081:
ingenuity, I give you a picture of a block with two houses close to the block, overlooking it. There are many villages like that. Out of the top windows is the place to drop these things on the tank as it passes the block. It may only stop it for two minutes there, but it will be quite effective.
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The Finns had found that they were effective when used in the right way and in sufficient numbers. Although the experience of the
Spanish Civil War received more publicity, the more sophisticated petroleum warfare tactics of the Finns were not lost on British commanders. In his 5 June address to
1327:
smoothies", to fight
Russian troops. The defense ministry distributed a recipe for producing Molotov cocktails to civilians through Ukrainian television, which included the use of styrofoam as a thickening agent to aid in helping the burning liquid stick to vehicles or other targets. The Pravda
1080:
I want to develop this thing they developed in
Finland, called the "Molotov cocktail", a bottle filled with resin, petrol and tar which if thrown on top of a tank will ignite, and if you throw half a dozen or more on it you have them cooked. It is quite an effective thing. If you can use your
1060:, the possibilities of the petrol bomb gripped the imagination of the British public. For laypersons, the petrol bomb had the benefit of using entirely familiar and available materials, and they were quickly improvised in large numbers, with the intention of using them against enemy
1093:
produced training instructions for the creation and use of
Molotov cocktails. The instructions suggested scoring the bottles vertically with a diamond to ensure breakage and providing fuel-soaked rag, windproof matches or a length of cinema film (then composed of highly flammable
1000:. Further refinements included the attachment of wind-proof matches or a phial of chemicals that would ignite on breakage, thereby removing the need to pre-ignite the bottle, and leaving the bottle about one-third empty was found to make breaking more likely.
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forces. Short of anti-tank equipment, Japanese infantry attacked Soviet tanks with gasoline-filled bottles. Japanese infantrymen claimed that several hundred Soviet tanks had been destroyed this way, though Soviet loss records do not support this assessment.
201:
However, Molotov cocktails are not always improvised in the field. It is not uncommon for them to be mass-produced to a certain standard as part of preparation for combat. Some examples of this being done are the anti-invasion preparations of the
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employed
Molotov cocktails made with "one part liquid laundry detergent, two parts gas " while clearing houses "when contact is made in a house and the enemy must be burned out". The tactic "was developed in response to the enemy's tactics" of
1213:
different take on the
Finnish nickname for the weapon) to combat tanks and armored cars. During the campaign there were instances of petrol bombs being relatively effective against the lighter tanks employed in Norway by Germany, such as the
1101:
On 29 July 1940, manufacturers
Albright & Wilson of Oldbury demonstrated to the RAF how their white phosphorus could be used to ignite incendiary bombs. The demonstration involved throwing glass bottles containing a mixture of petrol and
1557:, 20-year-old Trey Alexander Gwathney-Law attempted to burn Franklin-Simpson County Middle School with five Molotov cocktails; he was found guilty of making and possessing illegal firearms and was sentenced to 20 years in prison in 2018.
745:
In action, the wick/match is lit and the bottle hurled at a target such as a vehicle or fortification. When the bottle smashes on impact, the ensuing cloud of fuel droplets and vapour is ignited by the attached wick, causing an immediate
1855:
1173:
Most of the frangible devices were made in an improvised way, with no standardization regarding the bottle and filling. The frangible grenades were eventually declared obsolete, due to the very limited destructive effect.
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at pieces of wood and into a hut. On breaking, the phosphorus was exposed to the air and spontaneously ignited; the petrol also burned, resulting in a fierce fire. Because of safety concerns, the RAF was not interested in
360:
The weapon most often known as the
Molotov cocktail goes under a great variety of other names around the globe. Some are more formal than others but the weapon is often given a descriptive name in the respective language.
333:) in reference to Molotov's propaganda broadcasts. When the hand-held bottle firebomb was developed to attack and destroy Soviet tanks, the Finns called it the "Molotov cocktail", as "a drink to go with his food parcels".
53:
1162:. Various frangible grenade designs were developed, with those investiged by the NDRC showing the highest technological level. These incendiary devices employed the most technologically advanced fillers in the conflict.
3443:
198:; usage in the latter case is often due to a shortage of equivalent military-issued munitions. Despite the weapon's improvised nature and uncertain quality, many modern militaries exercise the use of Molotov cocktails.
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On 8 May, the hashtag #puputov became the top trending hashtag on Twitter in Venezuela, as reports of authorities vomiting after being drenched in excrement began to circulate. A month later, on 4 June 2017, during
3633:
1157:
The US army designated Molotov cocktails as frangible grenades. They presented a notable amount of variations, from those that used thin fuel with varied ignition systems, to those that used obscurants and
3510:
155:). In use, the fuse attached to the container is lit and the weapon is thrown, shattering on impact. This ignites the flammable substances contained in the bottle and spreads flames as the fuel burns.
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825:, have been added to promote adhesion of the burning liquid and to create clouds of thick, choking smoke. There also exist variations on the Molotov cocktail-concept where the bottle is filled with a
557:
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1390:, during anti-government protests in 2013 and 2014, many buses and cars were targeted with petrol bombs. A number of people burned to death and many more were injured due to these attacks.
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intensified, demonstrators began using "Puputovs" (a portmanteau of the words "poo-poo" and "Molotov"), with glass containers filled with excrement being thrown at authorities after the
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as well as producing a great deal of heat. Strict instructions were issued to store the grenades safely, preferably underwater and certainly never in a house. Mainly issued to the
3211:
1332:, which converted from making beer to Molotov cocktails, said that its recipe was "3 cups polystyrene, 2 cups grated soap, 500 millilitres gasoline, 100 millilitres oil, 1 jumbo
203:
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forces has also thereby led to the Molotov becoming a symbol representing civil unrest. The contrast of a Molotov cocktail and an organized force has become a popular symbol in
3002:
1825:
1550:, was arrested after throwing Molotov cocktails at Seattle police officers during a protest in May 2016; he pleaded guilty for using the incendiary devices in February 2018.
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Wintringham, though enthusiastic about improvised weapons, cautioned against a reliance on petrol bombs and repeatedly emphasised the importance of using explosive charges.
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to light them. A 500 ml (0.53 US qt) bottle was filled with a mixture of petrol and paraffin, plus a small amount of tar. The basic bottle had two long
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missions over Finland were actually "airborne humanitarian food deliveries" for their "starving" neighbours. As a result, the Finns sarcastically dubbed the Soviet
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in riots; however, the PIRA tended to use them in attacks rather than in self-defence. Over time, as the PIRA became more co-ordinated, it shifted to using
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As incendiary devices, Molotov cocktails are illegal to manufacture or possess in many regions. In the United States, Molotov cocktails are considered "
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There were many who were sceptical about the efficacy of Molotov cocktails and SIPs grenades against the more modern German tanks. Weapon designer
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for not removing instructions for how to prepare and use molotov cocktails, so that Twitter had to pay a fine of 3 million roubles (US$ 41,000).
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perfected the design and tactical use of the petrol bomb. The fuel for the Molotov cocktail was refined to a slightly sticky mixture of alcohol,
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1969:
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as a source of ignition, but the idea of a self-igniting petrol bomb took hold. Initially known as an A.W. bomb, it was officially named the
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207:
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men armed with explosive charges and petrol bombs in the forests and villages... The essence of the policy was the separation of the
2774:
War Office. Military Training Manual No 42, Appendix B: The Self-Igniting Phosphorus Grenade, The AW Grenade. 29 August 1940, p. 25.
837:. These so-called "smoke bottles" do not need a source for ignition, as the mixture reacts with the air once the bottle is smashed.
3221:
1576:
Due to the Molotov's ease of production and use by civilian forces, the Molotov cocktail has become a symbol of civil uprising and
3292:"Democracy in the Crossfire â Opposition Violence and Government Abuses in the 2014 Pre- and Post- Election Period in Bangladesh"
2894:
1743:
1115:, but more commonly known as the SIP (Self-Igniting Phosphorus) grenade. The perfected list of ingredients was white phosphorus,
3333:
2121:
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2974:
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developed a version which ignited on impact without the need of a wick. Ignition was caused by a reaction between concentrated
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from the infantry, as once on their own the tank has many blind spots and once brought to a stop can be disposed of at leisure.
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1256:(PIRA) and civilians used petrol bombs, although with different uses. Civilians tended to use petrol bombs and rocks against
336:
Despite the now infamous name, the formal Finnish military term for the weapon type was, and continues to be, "burn-bottle" (
2659:
3716:
2234:
1352:
2032:(in Swedish) (1942, edit 1944 ed.). Stockholm, Sweden: Ammunitionsavdelningen vid tygdepartementets 1. materialbyrÄ.
1440:
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broke out and Molotov cocktails were used to attack the police and create roadblocks. They were also used to attack an
3798:
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Molotov cocktails were reportedly used in the United States for arson attacks on shops and other buildings during the
2953:
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2760:
War Office. Military Training Manual No 42, Appendix A: The Anti-Tank Petrol Bomb "Molotov Cocktail." 29 August 1940.
2564:
2319:
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2970:"Extracts from a British government report about the political situation in Northern Ireland in July 1969 (CJ 3/52)"
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as an anti-tank weapon, it was produced in vast numbers; by August 1941 well over 6,000,000 had been manufactured.
211:
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3604:"Former Seattle Resident Pleads Guilty to Federal Crime for Use of 'Molotov Cocktail' at May Day 2016 Protest"
2010:(in Swedish) (1942 ed.). Stockholm, Sweden: Ammunitionsavdelningen vid tygdepartementets 1. materialbyrÄ.
3984:
3973:, a brief history of the subarctic origins of the Molotov cocktail in the Russo-Finnish Winter War of 1939â40
2687:
1467:, police claimed protesters began throwing balloons filled with "unknown, foul-smelling liquid" at officers.
1460:
1320:
3820:
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3244:"Battle of Ferguson, Mo., continues as crowds throw Molotov cocktails and police use tear gas, smoke bombs"
3511:"ÂĄLO ĂLTIMO! Manifestantes lanzaron excremento a los PNB y GNB represores y #puputovs se vuelve tendencia"
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tactics which often resulted in U.S. Marine casualties. The cocktail was a less expedient alternative to
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728:
to the side of the bottle, as these are less likely to be put out by wind. Some examples are fitted with
296:
17:
3388:"Lawyers arrested for throwing Molotov cocktails during George Floyd protests could face life in prison"
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station, causing severe damage. A journalist was also struck by a Molotov cocktail during the protests.
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inside the bottle; it ignited when the bottle broke. By spring 1940 they had produced 542,104 bottles.
1435:, protesters used Molotov cocktails similar to those used by demonstrators in other countries. As the
1312:(nicknamed the "House Guest"), all of which proved effective at burning out engaged enemy combatants.
2441:
1288:
1257:
1013:
1977:
1603:
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between July 1936 and April 1939, before they became known as "Molotov cocktails". In 1936, General
777:(rubbing alcohol), have been used in place of, or combined with, petrol. Thickening agents, such as
64:
3859:
2832:
Wintringham, Tom. Against Invasion â the lessons of Spain. Picture Post 15 June 1940 pp. 9â24.
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1436:
1425:
1139:
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3444:"Venezuela: quĂ© son las bombas "puputov" que desde las redes proponen utilizar contra la policĂa"
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620:
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3799:"Anarchism â Protests â Upbringing: Anarchistic implications in student protests and upbringing"
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Wintringham, Tom. Against Invasion â the lessons of Spain. Picture Post 15 June 1940 p. 14.
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4131:
4084:
2895:"The Production of Arms and Explosive Materials by the Polish Home Army in the Years 1939â1945"
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A squad of Home Guard soldiers training to defend a street with 'Molotov cocktail' petrol bombs
935:
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44:
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2541:. Sweden: Försvarets materielverk (FMV), huvudavdelningen för armémateriel. 1979. p. 61.
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1025:
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3543:"Portland police close Chapman Square after protesters throw bricks, other items at police"
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896:. After that, both sides used simple petrol bombs set fire with toxic gas or petrol-soaked
322:
253:
1569:
An anarchist protester with a Molotov cocktail aimed at police during protests in 2013 in
1499:
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Improvised incendiary devices of this type were used in warfare for the first time in the
310:
Molotov produced during the Winter War, mainly his declaration on Soviet state radio that
8:
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3665:"Sticks, Stones, and Molotov Cocktails: Unarmed Collective Violence and Democratization"
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1107 frangible, M1, NP type were supplied to the navy and its units for field use at
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A Planned and Coordinated Anarchy â The Barricades of 1971 and the "Diliman Commune"
1119:, water and a two-inch strip of raw rubber; all in a half-pint bottle sealed with a
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3126:"Ukraine invasion: Civilians help make Molotov cocktails to take on Russian forces"
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1713: â Ranged incendiary device designed to project a controllable stream of fire
964:. Tanks were destroyed with satchel charges and Molotov cocktails. The bottle has
716:, held in place by the bottle's stopper. The wick is usually soaked in alcohol or
3964:
3960:
3893:
3392:
3193:
1905:
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Molotov cocktails were used by protesters and civilian militia in Ukraine during
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A Molotov cocktail is a glass bottle containing a flammable substance such as
696:
Match-style fuses for a Swedish, military grade molotov cocktail (BrÀnnflaska)
4197:
4141:
4108:
4103:
3773:
3681:
3664:
3160:
3100:"Kyiv residents told to make Molotov cocktails as they await Russian assault"
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2783:
Handbook for the Projectors, 2œ inch, Marks I & II September 1941. p. 26.
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3187:"Twitter the Latest Social Media Platform Russia Fines Over Illegal Content"
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1898:"Finland's National Booze Is Bottled in a Former Molotov Cocktail Factory"
158:
Due to their relative ease of production, Molotov cocktails are typically
4094:
3151:
2718:
Cocktails A La Molotov â News item about British Home Guard training
1233:
1033:
754:
119:
95:
3762:"New Modes of Collective Actions: The Reemergence of Anarchism in Egypt"
3706:"On the Rights of the Molotov Man: Appropriation and the art of context"
1408:
Molotov cocktails were used by some during the riots following the 2020
4126:
4064:
4022:
3515:
3483:
3069:"'I haven't told my granny': Ukraine's student molotov cocktail-makers"
2642:
2484:"Making Molotov Cocktails, Ukrainian Civilians Prepare to Defend Homes"
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followed by spreading flames as the remainder of the fuel is consumed.
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3479:"Las #Puputov son TT⊠tal vez a Jacqueline FarĂa le parezca "sabroso""
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3825:. Manchester University Press. 15 September 2016. pp. 287â303.
885:
3967:
showing US public the Molotov Cocktail as used in the European Wars
3822:
Punk zines: 'Symbols of defiance' from the print to the digital age
3046:"Showdown â The Battle of Fallujah â Part 15 â After Action Report"
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Anti-tank measures; adoption and production of sticky bomb â
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712:-like mixture and a source of ignition, such as a burning cloth
4182:
3322:"Hong Kong protests: Molotov cocktails thrown in metro station"
3003:"Tactical Innovation and the Provisional Irish Republican Army"
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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
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Report of the New Weapons Board. pp. 135â136. 27 April 1944.
2287:"Vad betyder CS:GO-slang? Vi förklarar termerna inom CS:GO"
2122:"'Molotov-cocktail' name usage in Swedish newspapers: 1940"
1843:
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91:
Lower left: Military throwing practice of Molotov cocktail.
3212:"20 years later, scoring political points from the Riots?"
2946:
Wahoo: The Patrols of America's Most Famous WWII Submarine
2449:. United States. Department of the Army. 1953. p. 162
2152:"'Molotovcocktail' name usage in Swedish newspapers: 1940"
2043:
2041:
2039:
1323:
told civilians to make Molotov cocktails, locally called "
3547:
2835:
2697:
1402:
993:
908:, later publicised his recommended method of using them:
860:
Monarchists during the Spanish Civil War with fire bottle
798:
288:) in 1939. The name was a pejorative reference to Soviet
2466:
2464:
1964:
1962:
980:
attacked Finland, starting what came to be known as the
3634:"Kentucky Man Who Made Molotov Cocktails Gets 20 Years"
2814:
2036:
1757:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1447:, mocked protesters who had to crawl through sewage in
1020:
Molotov cocktails were eventually mass-produced by the
250:
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being a common filler (latter not to be confused with
2802:
2461:
2342:
1959:
884:
in a failed assault on the Nationalist stronghold of
625:
601:
465:
being a common filler, used often in Northern Ireland
2733:
2597:
Frozen Hell: The Russo-Finnish Winter War of 1939â40
2505:
World War II Allied Sabotage Devices and Booby Traps
1739:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1356:
Molotov cocktails produced for use in the Ukrainian
94:
Lower right: Original Finnish Molotov cocktail with
4229:
World War II infantry weapons of the United Kingdom
2943:
2883:
Assistance Rendered to the Navy and Marines. Part 8
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2768:
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2745:
2114:
3357:Journalist Hit by Petrol Bomb at Hong Kong Protest
3246:. Associated Press. 14 August 2014. Archived from
2144:
2088:"Suomessa on yhÀ kolme aitoa Molotovin cocktailia"
1774:
88:Top right: Use of Molotov cocktails during a riot.
85:Top left: Lit Molotov cocktail ready to be thrown.
4224:World War II infantry weapons of the Soviet Union
3669:Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World
2443:TM 9-1985-6 Italian and French Explosive Ordnance
2404:
2326:. Tank Encyclopedia. 28 June 2021. Archived from
1205:from solution onto a rag attached to the bottle.
4195:
3876:The Winter War, The Russo-Finnish War of 1939â40
3156:"In Lviv, the mood is inspiring â and fanatical"
2763:
732:for improved throwing accuracy (such as filling
3704:Garnett, Joy; Meiselas, Susan (February 2007).
3703:
3662:
2559:. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 468.
2180:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
1588:, and is often utilized as a weapon in various
1580:. The Molotov's extensive use by civilian, and
1280:preparing Molotov cocktails for use during the
1240:to ignite a mixture of petrol and diesel fuel.
1184:
926:, a border conflict of 1939 ostensibly between
526:
3663:Kadivar, Mohammad Ali; Ketchley, Neil (2018).
2392:: Försvarsstabens utrikesavdelning. p. 30
2213:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1336:fuse." The Russian media control organisation
1308:mortar rounds or propane tanks detonated with
272:The name "Molotov cocktail" was coined by the
3992:
3940:A detailed technology of the Molotov cocktail
2500:
1488:The examples and perspective in this section
840:
613:
589:
506:
2494:
2071:
569:
3971:A Thousand Lakes of Red Blood on White Snow
3892:
3742:. pp. 8, 9, 12, 13, 16. Archived from
2841:
2703:
2628:"Against Invasion â the lessons of Spain".
2434:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1970:"The German version of the Molotov coctail"
1924:
1737: â anti-tank grenade of British origin
4249:World War II military equipment of Finland
3999:
3985:
3473:
3471:
2937:
2539:AMORDLISTA, PreliminÀr ammunitionsordlista
2531:
2501:Rottman, Gordon L.; Dennis, Peter (2010).
2314:
2312:
1731: â Firearms etc. in guerrilla warfare
1506:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
1415:
724:, a method of ignition has been to attach
3680:
3097:
2279:
2030:Amregister, Ammunitionsregister för armén
2008:Amregister, Ammunitionsregister för armén
1522:Learn how and when to remove this message
1142:witnessed a trial of the SIPs grenade at
364:
4239:World War II infantry weapons of Germany
3519:(in Spanish). 9 May 2017. Archived from
3487:(in Spanish). 8 May 2017. Archived from
3452:(in Spanish). 9 May 2017. Archived from
3262:"Bangladesh: End Deadly Street Violence"
3236:
3209:
2721:(Newsreel). British Pathé. 1 August 1940
2674:
2014:
1992:
1564:
1419:
1351:
1271:
1170:were specific to each flammable filler.
1047:
955:
855:
691:
476:
263:
4234:World War II infantry weapons of Poland
3870:
3766:Contentious Politics in the Middle East
3732:
3468:
3066:
2587:
2581:
2470:
2373:
2371:
2309:
2217:(June 1940). "The Lessons of Finland".
1891:
1889:
295:, who was one of the architects of the
222:produced in several countries, such as
14:
4244:World War II infantry weapons of Italy
4196:
3858:
3849:
3796:
3759:
3436:
3404:
3144:
2820:
2808:
2739:
2551:
1719: â Unconventionally produced bomb
204:British Home Guard during World War II
3980:
3364:from the original on 11 December 2021
3098:Tsvetkova, Maria (25 February 2022).
2892:
2861:
2859:
2254:
1895:
1197:mixed with the fuel and a mixture of
3417:. Human Rights Watch. Archived from
3150:
3000:
2874:TOP 2-2-617. 30 January 1975. p. 21.
2677:"Who Invented the Molotov Cocktail?"
2647:Nomonhan: Japan Against Russia, 1939
2377:
2368:
2235:The Second Book of General Ignorance
1886:
1474:
845:
242:; some featuring specially designed
27:Type of improvised incendiary weapon
3919:Repository of UK government records
3866:. Roundwood Press. SBN 900093-22-6.
3011:Studies in Conflict & Terrorism
2320:"WW2 Japanese AT Weapons, Kaenbin"
1782:"Molotov Cocktails, Canadian Style"
1007:report dated June 1940 noted that:
892:, 40 km (25 mi) south of
612:'incendiary bottle' â Russian:
24:
3610:. 22 February 2018. Archived from
3268:. 16 December 2013. Archived from
3067:Harding, Luke (28 February 2022).
2982:from the original on 26 April 2017
2856:
2486:. 26 February 2022. Archived from
2047:
1912:from the original on 29 April 2023
1058:the prospect of immediate invasion
25:
4300:
3933:
3803:Hrvatska znanstvena bibliografija
3332:. 12 October 2019. Archived from
3210:Ferguson, Kevin (26 April 2012).
2923:Aspheim, Odd and Hjeltnes, Guri.
2593:"History of the Molotov Cocktail"
1863:(in Finnish). Helsinki, Finland:
1820:(in Swedish). Helsinki, Finland:
1788:. Canadian Army. 21 February 2012
1755: â Form of irregular warfare
1749: â United States Army manual
1267:
1254:Provisional Irish Republican Army
876:to use the weapon against Soviet
753:Other flammable liquids, such as
3575:"National Firearms Act Handbook"
3217:Southern California Public Radio
2684:Sotahistoriallinen Aikakauskirja
2238:, Faber and Faber, 2011, p. 76,
1896:Sirén, Ilkka (7 December 2017).
1692:Molotov cocktails seized by the
1682:
1667:
1651:
1632:
1616:
1602:
1479:
1317:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
1282:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
1152:
1043:
662:
640:
636:'bottle with combustible liquid'
578:
545:
515:
483:
306:The name's origin came from the
212:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
72:
63:
52:
43:
3945:History of the Molotov cocktail
3813:
3790:
3753:
3726:
3697:
3656:
3626:
3596:
3567:
3535:
3503:
3380:
3348:
3314:
3298:. 29 April 2014. Archived from
3284:
3254:
3203:
3180:
3118:
3091:
3060:
3038:
2994:
2962:
2948:. Presidio Press. p. 184.
2917:
2886:
2877:
2868:
2847:
2826:
2786:
2777:
2754:
2709:
2668:
2652:
2636:
2621:
2545:
2476:
2248:
2227:
2207:
2174:
2098:. 16 April 2016. Archived from
1725: â Makeshift ranged weapon
1347:
1243:
946:
917:
783:extruded polystyrene (XPS) foam
471:â due to its improvised nature
394:(not to be confused with other
162:. Their improvised usage spans
136:substances and equipped with a
4254:FinlandâSoviet Union relations
3907:
3843:
3396:. 13 June 2020. Archived from
3052:. 8 March 2005. Archived from
2601:Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill
1937:"ĐĐ”ĐŒĐ”ŃĐșĐžĐč 'ĐșĐŸĐșŃĐ”ĐčĐ»Ń ĐĐŸĐ»ĐŸŃĐŸĐČĐ°'"
1729:Insurgency weapons and tactics
1658:Improvised munitions from the
627:butĂœlka s goryĂșchey zhĂdkostyu
615:бŃŃŃÌĐ»ĐșĐ° Ń ĐłĐŸŃŃÌŃĐ”Đč жОÌĐŽĐșĐŸŃŃŃŃ
446:(commonly used in video games)
355:
218:, Molotov cocktails were even
114:
13:
1:
3551:. 4 June 2017. Archived from
3028:10.1080/1057610X.2016.1237221
2257:"What is a Molotov cocktail?"
2255:Mason, Emma (15 March 2022).
1867:. p. 165. Archived from
1824:. p. 165. Archived from
1762:
1746:Improvised Munitions Handbook
1461:protests against Donald Trump
1383:also used Molotov cocktails.
934:, saw heavy fighting between
111:(among several other names â
4289:Improvised explosive devices
4007:Finnish infantry weapons of
2792:Northover Projectors â
1560:
1185:Other fronts of World War II
678:incendiary frangible grenade
259:
7:
3864:Winston Churchill's Toyshop
2865:OP 1664. Vol 2. pp. 308â310
2352:(in German). Archived from
1767:
1717:Improvised explosive device
1704:
1502:, discuss the issue on the
1470:
1433:2014â17 Venezuelan protests
1228:developed a version during
1098:) as a source of ignition.
626:
602:
527:
10:
4305:
3608:U.S. Department of Justice
3128:. Sky News. Archived from
2049:"M1 Incendiary, Frangible"
1674:Molotov cocktails used by
1595:
1395:2019â20 Hong Kong protests
1321:Ukrainian Defense Ministry
1264:rather than petrol bombs.
1226:United States Marine Corps
951:
874:Spanish Nationalist forces
849:
841:Development and use in war
742:of the bottle with sand).
4150:
4093:
4036:
4015:
3852:The Home Guard of Britain
3412:"Punished for Protesting"
3102:. Reuters. Archived from
2686:(24): 151. Archived from
2381:Rysk-svensk militÀrordbok
1542:and are regulated by the
1424:Puputovs seen during the
1289:Second Battle of Fallujah
976:On 30 November 1939, the
687:
682:incendiary bottle grenade
614:
590:
537:
208:Ukrainian volunteer units
4097:and other larger weapons
3850:Graves, Charles (1943).
3774:10.1057/9781137530868_15
3733:Scalice, Joseph (2018).
3682:10.1177/2378023118773614
2944:O'Kane, Richard (1987).
2675:Heinonen, Keijo (2005).
2181:Casselman, Bill (2017).
1555:Simpson County, Kentucky
1546:. Wil Casey Floyd, from
1437:2017 Venezuelan protests
1426:2017 Venezuelan protests
1379:. Protesters during the
960:Finnish soldiers in the
720:rather than petrol. For
398:also known as firebombs)
268:Vyacheslav Molotov, 1945
4279:20th-century neologisms
4219:Urban guerrilla warfare
3959:9 November 2017 at the
3915:"The National Archives"
3878:. Aurum Press Limited.
3797:MiliĆĄa, Zlatko (2011).
2899:polishresistance-ak.org
1857:Sotilaan kÀsikirja 2020
1753:Urban guerrilla warfare
1627:with a Molotov cocktail
1548:Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin
1443:ruling-party official,
1416:Non-incendiary variants
1236:and a lump of metallic
968:instead of a rag for a
785:(known colloquially as
591:зажОгаÌŃДлŃĐœĐ°Ń Đ±ŃŃŃÌĐ»ĐșĐ°
297:MolotovâRibbentrop Pact
249:and fuses (such as the
3854:. Hutchinson & Co.
3760:GaliĂĄn, Laura (2015).
2324:tanks-encyclopedia.com
1865:Finnish Defence Forces
1822:Finnish Defence Forces
1814:Soldatens handbok 2020
1642:improvised weapons in
1573:
1428:
1412:in the United States.
1366:1992 Los Angeles riots
1361:
1284:
1083:
1053:
1018:
973:
924:Battle of Khalkhin Gol
915:
906:International Brigades
861:
697:
655:
603:zazhigĂĄtelnaya butĂœlka
570:
565:
507:
498:
365:Synonyms and nicknames
341:
330:
285:
269:
3056:on 23 September 2022.
2975:The National Archives
2925:Tokt ved neste nymÄne
2798:The National Archives
2664:The National Archives
2632:: 9â24. 15 June 1940.
2557:The Spanish Civil War
2378:Bohm, Victor (1965).
1568:
1540:National Firearms Act
1423:
1410:George Floyd protests
1377:Revolution of Dignity
1355:
1275:
1078:
1051:
1009:
959:
910:
880:tanks supporting the
859:
695:
574:('fire hand grenade')
477:Military nomenclature
323:Molotov bread baskets
267:
4173:Panssarimiina m/S-39
4114:Lahti-Saloranta M/26
3809:on 11 December 2022.
3768:. pp. 351â371.
3523:on 27 September 2022
3336:on 30 September 2022
3272:on 29 September 2022
3020:Taylor & Francis
2893:Stolarski, Rafal E.
2693:on 30 November 2022.
2422:on 27 September 2022
2356:on 27 September 2022
2215:Langdon-Davies, John
2160:Kungliga biblioteket
2130:Kungliga biblioteket
2059:on 27 September 2022
2028:"VII: Rök, brand.".
2006:"VII: Rök, brand.".
1874:on 27 September 2022
1831:on 27 September 2022
1676:Ukrainian protesters
1610:Molotov bread basket
1500:improve this section
1232:that used a tube of
1201:and sugar which was
1167:M1 frangible grenade
1125:phosphorus pentoxide
1089:By August 1940, the
1056:Early in 1940, with
501:, ('burn-bottle') â
254:Frangible Grenade M1
4209:Incendiary grenades
4127:Lahti L-39 AT-rifle
3872:Trotter, William R.
3749:on 28 October 2020.
3644:on 1 September 2022
3491:on 1 September 2022
3400:on 31 October 2022.
3001:Gill, Paul (2016).
2603:, Marshall Kregel.
2412:"Frangible grenade"
1872:(military handbook)
1829:(military handbook)
1644:Imperial War Museum
1536:destructive devices
1455:to avoid tear gas.
1026:RajamÀki distillery
1024:corporation at its
904:, a veteran of the
900:with some success.
882:Spanish Republicans
835:chlorosulfonic acid
331:Molotovin leipÀkori
4284:Improvised weapons
4274:Finnish inventions
4264:Insurgency weapons
4259:Spanish inventions
4214:Incendiary weapons
4178:Panssarimiina m/44
4168:Panssarimiina m/39
4163:Panssarimiina m/36
4122:Solothurn S-18/154
3954:Homemade Tank Bomb
3949:William R. Trotter
3722:on 28 August 2022.
3614:on 6 December 2022
3302:on 3 December 2022
3296:Human Rights Watch
3266:Human Rights Watch
3250:on 3 October 2022.
3192:2023-04-02 at the
3168:on 30 October 2022
3106:on 29 January 2023
2509:. Botley, Oxford:
2447:(Technical manual)
2330:on 7 December 2022
1980:on 6 December 2022
1723:Improvised firearm
1640:British Home Guard
1574:
1429:
1362:
1285:
1210:Norwegian campaign
1199:potassium chlorate
1054:
998:potassium chlorate
974:
862:
698:
568:('fire bottle') â
469:Poor man's grenade
452:â abbreviation of
442:â abbreviation of
396:incendiary devices
312:incendiary bombing
293:Vyacheslav Molotov
286:Molotovin cocktail
270:
188:irregular soldiers
176:football hooligans
160:improvised weapons
4191:
4190:
3885:978-1-85410-932-3
3832:978-1-84779-961-6
3783:978-1-137-53720-1
3713:Harper's Magazine
2823:, pp. 84â85.
2610:978-0-945575-22-1
2524:978-1-84908-175-7
2511:Osprey Publishing
2490:on 10 March 2022.
2244:978-0-571-26965-5
2192:978-1-4907-8494-6
1532:
1531:
1524:
1300:and particularly
1298:guerrilla warfare
866:Spanish Civil War
846:Spanish Civil War
775:isopropyl alcohol
674:frangible grenade
635:
624:
611:
600:
540:, 'flame bottle')
435:Incendiary bottle
146:flammable liquids
123:incendiary weapon
16:(Redirected from
4296:
4158:Molotov cocktail
4137:7,62 ItKk 31 VKT
4001:
3994:
3987:
3978:
3977:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3903:
3894:Wintringham, Tom
3889:
3867:
3855:
3837:
3836:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3805:. Archived from
3794:
3788:
3787:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3741:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3715:. Archived from
3710:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3684:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3640:. Archived from
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3584:on 24 March 2022
3583:
3577:. Archived from
3571:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3555:on 9 August 2017
3539:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3475:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3456:on 21 March 2022
3440:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3423:
3416:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3220:. Archived from
3207:
3201:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3164:. Archived from
3154:(5 March 2022).
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3132:on 24 March 2023
3122:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3079:on 24 March 2023
3075:. Archived from
3064:
3058:
3057:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3007:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2941:
2935:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2905:on 19 March 2023
2901:. Archived from
2890:
2884:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2854:
2851:
2845:
2842:Wintringham 1940
2839:
2833:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2790:
2784:
2781:
2775:
2772:
2761:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2713:
2707:
2704:Wintringham 1940
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2681:
2672:
2666:
2656:
2650:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2613:. Archived from
2589:Trotter, William
2585:
2579:
2578:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2508:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2480:
2474:
2468:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2448:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2418:. Archived from
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2375:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2316:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2293:. Archived from
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2263:. Archived from
2252:
2246:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2102:on 24 March 2023
2084:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2055:. Archived from
2045:
2034:
2033:
2025:
2012:
2011:
2003:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1976:. Archived from
1966:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1943:. Archived from
1933:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1873:
1862:
1852:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1830:
1819:
1809:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1786:www.military.com
1778:
1758:
1740:
1686:
1671:
1655:
1636:
1620:
1606:
1527:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1483:
1482:
1475:
1465:Portland, Oregon
1445:Jacqueline FarĂa
1306:white phosphorus
1191:Polish Home Army
1160:chemical weapons
1109:white phosphorus
1074:General Ironside
870:Francisco Franco
852:Battle of Seseña
829:mixture such as
827:smoke generating
741:
740:
736:
668:
666:
665:
646:
644:
643:
631:
629:
619:
617:
616:
607:
605:
595:
593:
592:
584:
582:
581:
573:
571:Brandhandgranate
560:
551:
549:
548:
541:
539:
530:
521:
519:
518:
510:
489:
487:
486:
454:Molotov cocktail
444:Molotov cocktail
290:foreign minister
196:regular soldiers
192:freedom fighters
180:urban guerrillas
125:consisting of a
115:§ Etymology
109:Molotov cocktail
76:
67:
56:
47:
37:
36:Molotov cocktail
21:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4146:
4132:8 mm pst kiv/38
4089:
4060:M/39 Ukko-Pekka
4055:M/27 Pystykorva
4042:submachine guns
4032:
4011:
4005:
3965:Popular Science
3961:Wayback Machine
3936:
3923:
3921:
3913:
3910:
3899:New Ways of War
3886:
3846:
3841:
3840:
3833:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3795:
3791:
3784:
3758:
3754:
3746:
3739:
3731:
3727:
3719:
3708:
3702:
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3409:
3405:
3393:The Independent
3386:
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3259:
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3208:
3204:
3200:, 28 April 2022
3194:Wayback Machine
3185:
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2698:
2690:
2679:
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2669:
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2653:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2617:on 30 May 2006.
2611:
2586:
2582:
2567:
2550:
2546:
2537:
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2532:
2525:
2499:
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2310:
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2298:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2267:on 6 March 2023
2253:
2249:
2232:
2228:
2212:
2208:
2193:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2156:tidningar.kb.se
2150:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2126:tidningar.kb.se
2120:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2086:
2085:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2046:
2037:
2027:
2026:
2015:
2005:
2004:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1947:on 26 June 2022
1935:
1934:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1894:
1887:
1877:
1875:
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1854:
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1811:
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1791:
1789:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1756:
1738:
1707:
1700:
1687:
1678:
1672:
1663:
1660:Warsaw uprising
1656:
1647:
1637:
1628:
1625:Finnish soldier
1621:
1612:
1607:
1598:
1586:popular culture
1563:
1528:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1497:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1418:
1350:
1270:
1258:police officers
1246:
1187:
1155:
1046:
1028:, bundled with
954:
949:
920:
902:Tom Wintringham
854:
848:
843:
831:sulfur trioxide
795:petroleum jelly
738:
734:
733:
690:
663:
661:
658:('burn-bottle')
641:
639:
588:â Russian:
579:
577:
556:
546:
544:
531:
516:
514:
511:('burn-bottle')
484:
482:
479:
474:
367:
358:
262:
105:
104:
103:
102:
101:
79:
78:
77:
69:
68:
59:
58:
57:
49:
48:
39:
38:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4302:
4292:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4189:
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4186:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4154:
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4139:
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4129:
4124:
4119:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4100:
4098:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4075:Carcano Mod.38
4072:
4070:Carcano Mod.91
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4046:
4044:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4012:
4004:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3968:
3951:
3942:
3935:
3934:External links
3932:
3931:
3930:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3890:
3884:
3868:
3860:Macrae, Stuart
3856:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3831:
3812:
3789:
3782:
3752:
3725:
3696:
3655:
3625:
3595:
3566:
3534:
3502:
3467:
3435:
3424:on 13 May 2014
3403:
3379:
3347:
3330:Deutsche Welle
3313:
3283:
3253:
3235:
3224:on 1 June 2022
3202:
3179:
3143:
3117:
3090:
3059:
3037:
2993:
2961:
2954:
2936:
2916:
2885:
2876:
2867:
2855:
2846:
2834:
2825:
2813:
2811:, p. 120.
2801:
2785:
2776:
2762:
2753:
2744:
2732:
2708:
2696:
2667:
2651:
2635:
2620:
2609:
2580:
2565:
2544:
2530:
2523:
2493:
2475:
2460:
2433:
2403:
2384:(in Swedish).
2367:
2350:"Handgranaten"
2341:
2308:
2297:on 1 June 2022
2291:blog.betway.se
2278:
2247:
2226:
2206:
2191:
2173:
2143:
2113:
2070:
2035:
2013:
1991:
1974:bunkersite.com
1958:
1923:
1885:
1842:
1799:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1750:
1741:
1735:No. 73 grenade
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1698:East Jerusalem
1694:Israeli Police
1688:
1681:
1679:
1673:
1666:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1648:
1638:
1631:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1613:
1608:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1562:
1559:
1530:
1529:
1512:September 2023
1494:of the subject
1492:worldwide view
1487:
1485:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1417:
1414:
1381:Ferguson riots
1349:
1346:
1269:
1268:Modern warfare
1266:
1245:
1242:
1186:
1183:
1154:
1151:
1129:sulfur dioxide
1113:No. 76 Grenade
1096:nitrocellulose
1045:
1042:
953:
950:
948:
945:
919:
916:
847:
844:
842:
839:
807:nitrocellulose
722:winter warfare
689:
686:
685:
684:
659:
637:
575:
542:
512:
478:
475:
473:
472:
466:
456:
447:
437:
432:
414:
409:
404:
399:
389:
387:Burning bottle
384:
379:
377:Bottle grenade
374:
368:
366:
363:
357:
354:
299:on the eve of
261:
258:
256:for example).
148:sealed with a
100:
99:
92:
89:
86:
82:
81:
80:
71:
70:
62:
61:
60:
51:
50:
42:
41:
40:
34:
33:
32:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4301:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4269:Hand grenades
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4184:
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4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4143:
4142:20 ItK 40 VKT
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4109:Maxim M/32-33
4107:
4105:
4104:Maxim M/09-21
4102:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4086:
4083:
4081:
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3714:
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3692:
3688:
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3674:
3670:
3666:
3659:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3629:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3580:
3576:
3570:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3522:
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3512:
3506:
3490:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3474:
3472:
3455:
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3413:
3407:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3383:
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3363:
3359:
3358:
3351:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3317:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3183:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3161:The Spectator
3157:
3153:
3147:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3105:
3101:
3094:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3033:
3032:UCL Discovery
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3004:
2997:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2957:
2955:0-89141-572-6
2951:
2947:
2940:
2934:
2933:82-02-12701-7
2930:
2926:
2920:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2889:
2880:
2871:
2862:
2860:
2850:
2844:, p. 59.
2843:
2838:
2829:
2822:
2817:
2810:
2805:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2780:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2757:
2748:
2742:, p. 71.
2741:
2736:
2720:
2719:
2712:
2706:, p. 60.
2705:
2700:
2689:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2631:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2566:0-671-75876-4
2562:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2540:
2534:
2526:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2506:
2497:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2473:, p. 73.
2472:
2467:
2465:
2445:
2444:
2437:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2374:
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2355:
2351:
2345:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2313:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2266:
2262:
2261:History Extra
2258:
2251:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2230:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2101:
2097:
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2083:
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2058:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2031:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2009:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1890:
1870:
1866:
1859:
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1816:
1815:
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1777:
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1754:
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1748:
1747:
1742:
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1727:
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1708:
1699:
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1549:
1545:
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1537:
1526:
1523:
1515:
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1501:
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1468:
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1462:
1456:
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1450:
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1434:
1427:
1422:
1413:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1359:
1354:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
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1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1279:
1276:Civilians in
1274:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1195:sulfuric acid
1192:
1182:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1153:United States
1150:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1140:Stuart Macrae
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1121:crown stopper
1118:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1099:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1050:
1044:Great Britain
1041:
1038:
1037:storm matches
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1015:
1008:
1006:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
971:
967:
966:storm matches
963:
958:
944:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
914:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
858:
853:
838:
836:
833:dissolved in
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
815:rubber cement
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
751:
749:
743:
731:
727:
726:storm matches
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
694:
683:
679:
675:
671:
660:
657:
653:
649:
638:
634:
628:
622:
610:
604:
598:
587:
576:
572:
567:
563:
559:
554:
543:
535:
529:
524:
513:
509:
504:
503:Fenno-Swedish
500:
496:
492:
481:
480:
470:
467:
464:
460:
457:
455:
451:
448:
445:
441:
438:
436:
433:
430:
426:
422:
418:
417:Gasoline bomb
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
397:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
369:
362:
353:
351:
347:
346:Fenno-Swedish
343:
339:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
319:cluster bombs
317:
313:
309:
304:
302:
298:
294:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
266:
257:
255:
252:
248:
245:
241:
240:United States
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
156:
154:
151:
147:
143:
140:(typically a
139:
135:
131:
128:
124:
121:
117:
116:
110:
97:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
75:
66:
55:
46:
30:
19:
4157:
4095:Machine-guns
4080:Suomi KP/-31
4050:M/91 KivÀÀri
4009:World War II
3922:. Retrieved
3918:
3898:
3875:
3863:
3851:
3821:
3815:
3807:the original
3802:
3792:
3765:
3755:
3744:the original
3735:
3728:
3717:the original
3712:
3699:
3672:
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1338:Roskomnadzor
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1293:U.S. Marines
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1250:the Troubles
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1244:The Troubles
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232:Soviet Union
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216:World War II
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144:filled with
142:glass bottle
132:filled with
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3908:Collections
3844:Works cited
3588:18 February
3136:27 February
3110:26 February
3022:: 573â585.
2986:11 November
2821:Macrae 1971
2809:Macrae 1971
2740:Graves 1943
2725:9 September
2643:Coox, Alvin
1941:ĐșĐŸĐżĐ°ĐœĐžĐœĐ°.ŃŃ
1690:Palestinian
1590:video games
1431:During the
1393:During the
1328:Brewery of
1315:During the
1287:During the
1252:, both the
1234:nitric acid
1208:During the
1144:Farnborough
1034:pyrotechnic
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791:baking soda
755:diesel fuel
656:brÀnnflaska
508:brÀnnflaska
499:polttopullo
459:Petrol bomb
402:Fire bottle
382:Burn bottle
372:Bottle bomb
356:Other names
350:brÀnnflaska
342:polttopullo
276:during the
210:during the
194:, and even
120:hand-thrown
96:storm match
18:Petrol bomb
4198:Categories
4118:Sampo L-41
4065:Lahti L-36
4023:Lahti L-35
3963:June 1941
3902:. Penguin.
3516:DolarToday
3484:La Patilla
3368:13 October
3340:13 October
2513:. p.
2201:1007046570
2183:Word stash
1763:References
1744:TM 31-210
1578:revolution
1388:Bangladesh
1373:Euromaidan
1358:Euromaidan
1133:Home Guard
1104:phosphorus
1091:War Office
1005:War Office
1003:A British
982:Winter War
962:Winter War
850:See also:
763:turpentine
407:Flame bomb
316:incendiary
308:propaganda
278:Winter War
247:containers
238:, and the
184:terrorists
4028:Luger M23
4016:Side-arms
3924:26 August
3691:157184910
3638:U.S. News
3449:La NaciĂłn
3050:BlackFive
2927:. p. 58.
2794:WO 185/23
2555:(1994) .
2416:lexpev.nl
2053:lexpev.nl
1646:, London.
1561:Symbolism
1504:talk page
1302:martyrdom
1291:in 2004,
1219:Panzer II
1072:leaders,
932:Manchukuo
823:dish soap
819:detergent
811:motor oil
787:styrofoam
621:romanized
597:romanized
558:âčSee Tfdâș
461:â due to
423:â due to
392:Fire bomb
260:Etymology
244:frangible
214:. During
168:gangsters
164:criminals
134:flammable
130:container
127:frangible
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3198:Newsweek
3190:Archived
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2980:Archived
2660:WO 185/1
2591:(1991).
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2426:24 April
2166:20 April
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2106:20 April
2063:20 April
1984:20 April
1951:20 April
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1910:Archived
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1835:12 April
1792:12 April
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1471:Legality
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1360:protests
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928:Mongolia
898:blankets
872:ordered
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759:methanol
748:fireball
718:kerosene
534:Japanese
429:tear gas
425:gasoline
421:Gas bomb
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3374:YouTube
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3228:28 June
3172:5 March
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3926:2010
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3370:2019
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