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208:, and believed that the Pfyn finds were a Michelsberg settlement. Around 1960, research determined that the Pfyn ceramics were represented an autonomous culture that was related to the Michelsberg culture. Since that time, the Pfyn-Breitenloo site has been regarded as the center of the Pfyn culture. Further explorations in 2002 and 2004 led to a somewhat more nuanced picture of the settlement. This enabled the site to be dated via
212:. The timbers that were used were cut in 3706-3704 BC. and confirm a single development phase. Another Neolithic settlement must have existed some 400 m (1,300 ft) northwest of Breitenloo. However, the few ceramics discovered at that site are also part of the Pfyn culture. That settlement has never been systematically studied, and it is believed that the industrial peat extraction during the
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188:
and have lengths of 4â11 meters (13â36 ft) and widths from 3.5â5.5 meters (11â18 ft). It is striking that several houses of vastly different sizes lay side by side, suggesting perhaps larger homes with smaller farm buildings. The house floors were all built with complex support structures
172:
era (4300 BC). The settlement site was discovered during peat cutting in the late 19th century but was subsequently forgotten. During the war years 1940â41, an attempt to drain the bog to increase arable production land led to its rediscovery. Drainage work on arable production was raised again.
232:
Some evidence of metal working has been found in the region between Lake
Constance and Lake ZĂŒrich from about the time period of the Pfyn culture. Unfortunately, most of the metal comes from isolated finds and so is poorly dated. However, a
177:
led by
Charles Keller-Tarnuzzer. Due to the topographical conditions, and an exploratory drilling project in 2002, it appears that about 60% of the settlement area has been excavated.
590:
Schibler, J. 2006. The economy and environment of the 4th and 3rd millennia BC in the northern Alpine foreland based on studies of animal bones. Environmental
Archaeology 11(1): 49-65
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heaps in the soil and partial scorch marks on the support structures suggest that at least some buildings were lifted quite high off the ground.
901:
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During the 1944 excavation, 17 different houses were found. The houses are located along a northâsouth main street with the
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layers were found at
Feldmeilen. In Meilen, one Pfyn layer (4250-4000 BC) followed by three Horgen layers were discovered.
173:
In the autumn of 1944, an area of approximately 1,000 square metres (11,000 sq ft) was excavated by interned
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Lechterbeck, Jutta; Edinborough, Kevan; Kerig, Tim; Fyfe, Ralph; Roberts, Neil; Shennan, Stephen (October 2014).
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were most commonly found. About half of the total calories consumed by the Pfyn era people came from grain.
1192:
287:
781:
856:
702:
637:
562:
Radiocarbon dating: proceedings of the ninth international conference, Los
Angeles and La Jolla, 1976
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Pfyn culture sites have been discovered in several locations in eastern
Switzerland. These include:
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The oldest traces of a settlement are about 1.5 km (0.93 mi) west of
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Grain production was also very important. At the Pfyn era sites near Zurich,
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Living on the lake in prehistoric Europe: 150 years of lake-dwelling research
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Hornstaad-Hörnle 1a, a lake settlement of the 'Hornstaad Group', c. 3900 BC.
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cultures. This 'pig economy' was exported westward by the Horgen culture.
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facing the street. The buildings are almost exclusively built with two
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farming occurred during the Pfyn culture in the eastern part of the
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Keller-Tarnuzzer noted that there was the close relationship of the
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and overlying split boards, which were usually covered with clay.
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Reconstructed
Neolithic sieve from Hornstaad-Hörnle, 3900 BC
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foreland. Keeping large numbers of pigs is typical of the
495:"UNESCO Welterbe PrÀhistorische Pfahlbauten um die Alpen"
253:
422:
332:. Four layers of Pfyn culture artifacts (4350-3950 BC
416:
410:
565:. University of California Press. pp. 104â107.
510:"Is Neolithic land use correlated with demography?"
16:Neolithic archaeological culture in Central Europe
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228:Dates and locations of prehistoric Swiss cultures
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237:wire and dagger from the Pfyn era were found at
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610:
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401:
399:
397:
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382:Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps
132:. It dates from c. 4300 BC to c. 3500 BC.
112:Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps
559:Rainer Berger; Hans Eduard Suess (1979).
535:
525:
286:
223:
139:
168:of the Thur glacier, it dates from the
1203:Archaeological cultures in Switzerland
1180:
302:about 1.5 km (0.93 mi) from
144:Pfyn-Breitenloo settlement, c. 3700 BC
633:
623:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
429:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
13:
1198:Archaeological cultures in Germany
14:
1214:
1188:Archaeological cultures of Europe
1169:↓ Bronze Age Europe ↓
677:↑ Mesolithic Europe ↑
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216:may have largely destroyed it.
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487:
478:
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1:
1148:Secondary products revolution
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135:
7:
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358:Ceramics, 4th millennium BC
32:(Oberschwaben and southern
10:
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442:Francesco Menotti (2004).
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1135:
1097:
964:
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703:First Temperate Neolithic
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448:. Routledge. p. 57.
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527:10.1177/0959683614540952
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1089:Unchambered long barrow
336:) are followed by five
122:archaeological cultures
708:Linear Pottery culture
292:
243:Appenzell Ausserrhoden
229:
145:
74:lake shore settlements
328:on the right bank of
290:
227:
143:
108:Neolithic Switzerland
1158:Proto-Indo-Europeans
1122:Neolithic long house
979:Causewayed enclosure
484:Menotti, pg. 166-169
406:Pfyn - Pre-Roman Era
249:and casting spills.
164:carved by a lateral
1193:Ancient Switzerland
1024:Megalithic entrance
902:StarÄevoâKörösâCriÈ
698:Corded Ware culture
252:Intensification of
202:Michelsberg culture
89:Michelsberg culture
21:
1044:Rectangular dolmen
812:GumelniÈaâKaranovo
772:CucuteniâTrypillia
293:
230:
146:
120:is one of several
25:Geographical range
19:
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1112:Lithic industries
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572:978-0-520-03680-2
520:(10): 1297â1307.
455:978-0-415-31719-1
104:
103:
76:pig domestication
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1143:Danubian culture
1039:Polygonal dolmen
882:SeineâOiseâMarne
802:Globular Amphora
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661:Neolithic Europe
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324:-Vorderfeld and
214:second World War
210:dendrochronology
160:. Located in a
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782:Decea MureĆului
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693:Cardium pottery
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664:(including the
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594:External links
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338:Horgen culture
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152:in the former
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99:Horgen culture
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85:Rössen culture
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66:4,300â3,500 BC
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42:Lake Constance
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1079:Timber circle
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1064:Statue menhir
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1059:Simple dolmen
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857:PitâComb Ware
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1107:Grooved ware
1069:Stone circle
1054:Round barrow
999:Great dolmen
967:architecture
866:
792:Funnelbeaker
666:Chalcolithic
621:
600:Pfyn Culture
599:
589:
576:. Retrieved
561:
554:
537:10026.1/3174
517:
514:The Holocene
513:
503:
489:
480:
471:
459:. Retrieved
444:
437:
427:
405:
299:
294:
270:
251:
231:
204:of southern
195:
179:
157:
147:
118:Pfyn Culture
117:
115:
57:Chalcolithic
20:Pfyn culture
1127:Unstan ware
1014:Long barrow
974:Bank barrow
931:TiszapolgĂĄr
897:Sredny Stog
862:Pitted Ware
330:Lake Zurich
266:Corded Ware
245:as well as
130:Switzerland
95:Followed by
81:Preceded by
38:Switzerland
1182:Categories
1153:Old Europe
1117:Metallurgy
1099:Technology
965:Monumental
762:Cortaillod
388:References
334:calibrated
322:Feldmeilen
316:Thur river
314:along the
300:Breitenloo
275:wheat and
162:depression
158:Breitenloo
128:period in
106:See also:
1074:Stone row
747:CernavodÄ
546:129937136
247:crucibles
200:with the
170:Neolithic
136:Discovery
126:Neolithic
53:Neolithic
28:Southern
1136:Concepts
1019:Megalith
951:Wartberg
908:StarÄevo
852:PetreÈti
832:Karanovo
817:Hamangia
807:GorneÈti
767:CoÈofeni
757:Chasséen
719:Cultures
685:Horizons
376:See also
198:ceramics
154:peat bog
946:VuÄedol
877:Rzucewo
837:Lengyel
787:DudeÈti
617:Italian
423:Italian
345:Gallery
312:Thurgau
306:in the
220:Economy
206:Germany
166:moraine
124:of the
34:Bavaria
30:Germany
1049:Rondel
1029:Menhir
994:Dolmen
989:Cursus
887:Sesklo
872:Rössen
827:Kakanj
822:Horgen
777:Danilo
742:Butmir
732:Beaker
611:French
605:German
578:7 July
569:
544:
461:7 July
452:
417:French
411:German
326:Meilen
308:canton
277:Barley
262:Horgen
258:Alpine
235:copper
191:Midden
182:gables
49:Period
36:) and
1009:Henge
941:VinÄa
936:Varna
926:Tisza
913:Körös
892:Sopot
847:Neman
842:Narva
797:Gaudo
752:Cerny
737:Boian
727:Baden
710:(LBK)
542:S2CID
283:Sites
273:Durum
239:Reute
186:naves
63:Dates
40:near
984:Cist
918:CriĆ
867:Pfyn
614:and
602:in
580:2010
567:ISBN
463:2010
450:ISBN
420:and
408:in
304:Pfyn
264:and
150:Pfyn
116:The
110:and
532:hdl
522:doi
310:of
254:pig
241:in
156:of
1184::
608:,
540:.
530:.
518:24
516:.
512:.
414:,
396:^
87:,
55:,
668:)
653:e
646:t
639:v
626:.
582:.
548:.
534::
524::
497:.
465:.
432:.
318:.
44:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
