1525:, he gave six proposals of how to enact this reform: (1) to more thoroughly acquaint believers with Scripture by means of private readings and study groups, in addition to preaching; (2) to increase the involvement of laity in all functions of the church; (3) to emphasize that believers put into practice their faith and knowledge of God; (4) to approach religious discussions with humility and love, avoiding controversy whenever possible; (5) to ensure that pastors are both well-educated and pious; and (6) to focus preaching on developing faith in ordinary believers. As these proposals indicate, Spener saw positive change for the church as being primarily dependent upon the pious involvement of individual believers.
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1536:, ii. 163) maintains that "he was himself not a Pietist," as he did not advocate the quietistic, legalistic and semi-separatist practices of Pietism, though they were more or less involved in the positions he assumed or the practices which he encouraged or connived at. The only two points on which he departed from the orthodox Lutheran faith of his day were the requirement of regeneration as the
1724:(de) Reinhard Breymayer, « Der Vater des deutschen Pietismus und seine Bücher. Zur Privatbibliothek Philipp Jakob Speners », in: Bibliothecae selectae da Cusano a Leopardi, a cura di Eugenio Canone, Firenze, Leo S. Olschki Editore, 1993, p. 299–331 (Lessico Intellettuale Europeo, 58).
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Spener was a prolific writer. The list of his published works comprises 7 vols. folio, 63 quarto, 7 octavo, 46 duodecimo. An edition of his chief writings was published by P. Grunberg in 1889. TVG Brunnen Verlag in GieĂźen, Germany began a new edition of Spener's works in 1996.
1549:
He did not, like the later
Pietists, insist upon the necessity of a conscious crisis of conversion, nor did he encourage a complete breach between the Christian and the secular life. Spener was sometimes believed to be one of the godfathers of Count von
1727:(en) Werner Raupp: Art. Spener, Philipp Jacob (1635–1705), in: Heiner F. Klemme / Manfred Kuehn (General Editors), The Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers, Vol. 3, London/New York 2010, p. 1106–1110.
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Spener returned to
Strasbourg in 1663, where he was appointed preacher without pastoral duties, with the right of holding lectures. Three years afterwards, he was invited to become the chief pastor in the
571:
1514:, Spener's own writings display an emphasis on personal transformation through spiritual rebirth and renewal. It is this focus on individual devotion and piety that places him within the realm of
1437:, at whose personal desire the post had been offered to him, was soon offended when Spener condemned the morals of John George's court. Spener refused to resign his post, and the
1996:
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In Berlin, Spener was held in high honour, though the tendencies of the court and the government officials were rather rationalistic than pietistic. The
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theologians. Over time, his opponents multiplied, and the movement which he started accumulated hostile criticism. In 1695 the theological faculty of
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formally accused him of 264 errors. Only his death released him from these fierce conflicts. His last important work was
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1518:. Spener wanted to strengthen and renew the church through the development of more knowledgeable and devoted members.
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was founded under his influence in 1694. All his life, Spener had been exposed to the attacks and abuse of the
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1721:(de) Johannes Wallmann: Philipp Jakob Spener und die Anfänge des Pietismus, Tübingen 1970 (2. Aufl. 1986).
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to offer him the rectorship of St
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and the fall of the Papacy as the prelude of the triumph of the Church.
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and history. From 1659 to 1662 he visited the universities of
1696:, 2nd ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998), 345.
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Though Spener has been called the "father of
Pietism,"
1334:, now part of France, in Spener's time as part of the
1314:. Disputing his positions, the theological faculty of
1306:. In Berlin, Spener was at odds with the predominant
1350:in 1651. There he devoted himself to the study of
1275:(23 January 1635 – 5 February 1705) was a German
1938:
1472:(1700–1702), to which was added after his death
1644:Christopher Clark: "Iron Kingdom", 2006. p 125
1635:Christopher Clark: "Iron Kingdom", 2006. p 125
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1401:Memorial plaque on Nikolaikirchplatz in Berlin
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1746:by Philipp Jakob Spener (English translation)
1279:who essentially founded what became known as
1253:
318:Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope
1625:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1694:Christianity: A Social and Cultural History
1655:Christianity: A Social and Cultural History
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1390:, which he pursued throughout his life. In
1997:17th-century German Protestant theologians
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1738:Online edition of Spener's heraldic works
1709:(Herrnhut: Unitätsarchiv, 2000), 165–167.
1414:. Here he published his two chief works,
1609:
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1705:Dietrich Meyer and Paul Peucker, eds.,
1939:
1318:, formally accused him of 264 errors.
16:German Lutheran theologian (1635-1705)
1753:
1370:, and lectured in the university on
2037:17th-century German Lutheran clergy
2002:18th-century German Lutheran clergy
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289:Apology of the Augsburg Confession
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2027:18th-century German male writers
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1828:
1476:, with a biography of Spener by
335:Distinctive theological concepts
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2022:German male non-fiction writers
2012:University of Strasbourg alumni
1480:(1711). Spener died in Berlin.
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1957:17th-century Christian mystics
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1420:Allgemeine Gottesgelehrtheit
1368:Electorate of the Palatinate
1338:. After a brief time at the
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1023:Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder
784:Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder
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1987:German Lutheran theologians
1977:18th-century German writers
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1589:. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
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1298:In 1691, he was invited to
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647:History of Lutheranism
1679:Philip Jacob Spener,
1666:Philip Jacob Spener,
1498:Highly influenced by
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1470:Theologische Bedenken
1445:induced the court of
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1587:Philipp Jakob Spener
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1927:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1886:Laestadianism
1884:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
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1808:
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1803:
1801:
1798:
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1790:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1745:
1744:Pia Desideria
1742:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1708:
1702:
1695:
1689:
1682:
1681:Pia Desideria
1676:
1669:
1668:Pia Desideria
1663:
1656:
1650:
1641:
1632:
1624:
1623:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1588:
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1578:
1571:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1558:Community at
1557:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1523:Pia Desideria
1519:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1494:
1493:Pia Desideria
1490:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1416:Pia desideria
1413:
1409:
1399:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1364:Thomas Hobbes
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1346:, he went to
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1285:Pia desideria
1282:
1278:
1274:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1232:
1231:Robert Jenson
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1216:Hermann Sasse
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
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1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
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1129:
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1119:
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1114:
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1109:
1107:
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1102:
1099:
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1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1062:Martin Luther
1060:
1059:
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1049:
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1036:
1034:
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1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
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1009:
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1000:
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986:
983:
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978:
977:
973:
970:
968:
965:
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958:
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952:PrimoĹľ Trubar
950:
948:
945:
943:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
899:Jozef Roháček
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
881:
877:
874:
873:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
833:Martin Luther
831:
830:
828:
827:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
809:Johann Flierl
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
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762:
760:
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750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
726:
724:
716:
715:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
697:Neo-Lutherans
695:
693:
692:Old Lutherans
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
644:
638:
637:
630:
627:
625:
624:Denominations
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
609:
603:
600:
594:
593:
587:
586:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
562:Lutheran hymn
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
491:
488:
487:
483:
482:
471:
470:Homosexuality
468:
467:
466:
465:
461:
460:
454:
451:
450:
446:
443:
442:
438:
435:
433:
430:
429:
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420:
415:
412:
411:
406:
403:
401:
398:
397:
392:
389:
387:
384:
383:
378:
377:
373:
371:
370:
366:
365:
360:
357:
355:
354:Justification
352:
351:
346:
343:
342:
340:
339:
336:
333:
332:
327:
324:
319:
316:
315:
310:
307:
306:
302:
298:
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294:
290:
287:
286:
281:
278:
277:
275:
274:
271:
268:
267:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
247:
245:
244:
241:
238:
237:
231:
230:New Testament
228:
226:
225:Old Testament
223:
222:
220:
219:
216:
213:
212:
204:
203:
195:
194:Protestantism
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
176:
169:
168:
164:
160:
159:
156:
153:
152:
148:
144:
143:
136:
133:
129:
122:
119:
117:
114:
113:
111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
90:
86:
75:
71:
63:
59:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1870:Eric Jansson
1800:Johann Arndt
1794:
1706:
1701:
1693:
1688:
1680:
1675:
1667:
1662:
1654:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1620:
1581:
1568:
1548:
1539:sine qua non
1537:
1533:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1500:Johann Arndt
1497:
1492:
1473:
1469:
1455:
1428:
1419:
1415:
1404:
1332:Upper Alsace
1325:
1297:
1288:
1284:
1272:
1271:
1211:Paul Tillich
1146:David Hollaz
1140:
1086:Justus Jonas
1064: /
1054:
1053:
1038:Matthias Bel
940: /
921: /
825:
824:
723:Missionaries
722:
590:Organization
577:Lutheran art
517:Confirmation
400:Two kingdoms
374:
367:
299: /
255:Nicene Creed
179:Christianity
78:(1705-02-05)
62:Upper Alsace
18:
1952:1705 deaths
1947:1635 births
1860:Peter Spaak
1504:Lewis Bayly
1447:Brandenburg
1418:(1675) and
1304:Brandenburg
1287:(1675) and
1196:Rudolf Otto
1101:Olaus Petri
1091:Hans Tausen
1055:Theologians
1008:Hans Tausen
938:Olaus Petri
889:John Rogers
853:Aster Ganno
754:Paul Henkel
719:Key figures
682:Laestadians
532:Holy Orders
492:and worship
405:catholicity
386:Christology
369:Sola gratia
189:Reformation
155:Lutheranism
109:Occupations
1941:Categories
1906:Skevikarna
1896:Grey Robes
1845:Sven Rosén
1574:References
1552:Zinzendorf
1466:Wittenberg
1451:Consistory
1410:Church at
1360:philosophy
1348:Strasbourg
1316:Wittenberg
923:Paul Egede
919:Hans Egede
863:Jákup Dahl
764:Karl Graul
739:Hans Egede
512:Confession
490:Sacraments
172:Background
50:1635-01-30
1412:Frankfurt
1372:philology
1352:philology
1293:Frankfurt
641:Movements
522:Matrimony
507:Eucharist
99:Education
1560:Herrnhut
1484:Theology
1408:Lutheran
1388:heraldry
1380:TĂĽbingen
677:Haugeans
667:Pietists
147:a series
145:Part of
131:Movement
123:Lecturer
120:Preacher
1788:Germany
1781:Pietism
1740:(Latin)
1521:In his
1516:Pietism
1431:Dresden
1424:Pietism
1356:history
1281:Pietism
547:Vespers
502:Baptism
135:Pietism
1901:Läsare
1879:Groups
1838:Sweden
1564:Saxony
1510:, and
1443:Berlin
1433:. The
1392:Geneva
1384:Geneva
1344:Colmar
1300:Berlin
542:Matins
240:Creeds
85:Berlin
1439:Saxon
1376:Basel
215:Bible
1544:Jews
1382:and
1358:and
1322:Life
73:Died
40:Born
1562:in
1342:of
1295:.
1943::
1619:.
1594:^
1506:,
1502:,
1426:.
1378:,
1354:,
1330:,
149:on
87:,
64:,
60:,
1773:e
1766:t
1759:v
1532:(
1261:e
1254:t
1247:v
91:,
52:)
48:(
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