31:
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368:, a fellow fighter who spent five years in the underground rebel movement alongside guerrillas loyal to Mulele. In 1968, after her husband's assassination, she fled to Congo-Brazzaville where she has since lived. Abo has made a great effort to preserve the memory of her late husband. The Belgian book
319:
When the Kwilu rebellion broke out in 1964, the revolt was led by Mulele in a way reminiscent of the
Chinese communist revolutionary codes. Mulele required his fighters to adhere to a very strict moral code, emphasising self-discipline and respect for civilians. The tribal peasant fighters proved
361:. He, alongside Antoine Gizenga, received his early secondary education at a seminary in Kinzambi. He continued his education at the Ecole Moyenne de Leverville established by the Huileries du Congo Belge and coordinated under the Brothers of Charity for a further three years.
271:
and set up a rebel government there. However, the
Congolese central government requested foreign intervention, and the troops fighting under the command of Soumialot and Gbenye were routed in November 1964, after intense drives by central government troops officered by foreign
320:
difficult to control and many disregarded Mulele's orders. The eight instructions on conduct Mulele issued to his guerrilla fighters showed the great influence Maoist writings regarding "people's war" had on the Kwilu insurgency. Mulele's code of conduct was as follows:
307:, believing he would be granted amnesty. Instead, he was publicly tortured and executed: his eyes were pulled from their sockets, his genitals were ripped off, and his limbs were amputated one by one, all while he was alive. What was left was dumped in the
264:, with an embassy in the national capital of Leopoldville, did not support Mulele's Kwilu revolt and had no part in its preparation: lack of support from the Soviets was in the first place responsible for Mulele turning to China as his patron.
287:
onto the airfield at
Stanleyville to rescue 2,000 European civilians being held hostage by the Simbas. This move made the United States very unpopular in Africa at the time. After the rebellion's defeat, Mulele fled into exile in
1429:
1414:
260:. Mulele was an avowed Maoist, and for this reason his insurgency was supported by communist China. By the end of April 1964, Mulele's rebellion had been rendered somewhat less dangerous by the government. The
1454:
854:
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276:. The landing of Belgian paratroopers in Stanleyville also proved instrumental in the rebels' defeat, as did key military assistance from the United States. On 24 November 1964, five
770:
610:
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727:
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The attempt to adapt Maoist
Chinese practice to African conditions also extended to Mulele's use of the peasants as the mainstay of his revolution.
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promised him amnesty, but Mobutu had him tortured and executed after Mulele returned to the Congo. He was a member of the
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184:
in 1963 to receive military training, and also took a group of
Congolese youths with him, who received training in
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1404:
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681:
172:
one year later, Mulele became one of the top
Lumumbists determined to continue the struggle. He went to
1449:
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657:
Political
Protest in the Congo : the Parti Solidaire Africain During the Independence Struggle
234:
284:
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30:
1323:
289:
168:. With the assassination of Lumumba in January 1961 and the arrest of his recognised deputy
71:
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225:
for "lion") rebelled against the government. They were led by Mulele, Gaston
Soumialot and
221:
In
January 1964, a new conflict broke out as Congolese rebels calling themselves "Simba" (
8:
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as the representative of the
Lumumbists' Congo National Liberation Committee based in
1259:
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10 jaar revolutie in Kongo, 1958-1966: De strijd van Patrice Lumumba en Pierre Mulele
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Renee C. Fox, Willy de Craemer and Jean-Marie Ribeaucourt, Retrieved 16 July 2019
596:"The Second Independence": A Case Study of the Kwilu Rebellion in the Congo (1965)
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In The Footsteps of Mr. Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in Mobutu's Congo
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Gender and Decolonization in the Congo: The Legacy of Patrice Lumumba (2010)
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In the footsteps of Mr Kurtz: living on the brink of disaster in the Congo
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Democratic Republic of the Congo expatriates in the Republic of the Congo
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Respect women and do not amuse yourselves with them as you would like to.
308:
303:) lured Mulele out of exile by promising him amnesty. Mulele returned to
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People executed for treason against the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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20th-century executions by the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Buy the goods of villagers in all honesty and without stealing.
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Government ministers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Secretary of State for Economic Coordination and Planning
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Nonetheless, by August the Simba insurgents had captured
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Pay for things which you have broken and in good spirit.
330:
Return borrowed things in good time and without trouble.
1317:
Secretary of State for Information and Cultural Affairs
244:, Mulele, who had previously undergone training in the
160:
of 1964. Mulele had also been minister of education in
16:
Democratic Republic of the Congo politician (1929–1968)
578:
China's Policy in Africa 1958-71. By Alaba Ogunsanwo.
493:
China's Policy in Africa 1958-71. By Alaba Ogunsanwo.
451:
China's Policy in Africa 1958-71. By Alaba Ogunsanwo.
396:
China's Policy in Africa 1958-71. By Alaba Ogunsanwo.
617:, Tosin Abiodun, NotEvenPast, Retrieved 26 March 2015
283:transports dropped 350 Belgian paratroopers of the
152:(11 August 1929 – 3 or 9 October 1968) was a
635:Pierre Mulele ou la Seconde Vie de Patrice Lumumba
339:Do not destroy or trample on other people's land.
1435:Executed Democratic Republic of the Congo people
1425:Democratic Republic of the Congo torture victims
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890:Minister of Economic Coordination and Planning
689:
528:
468:
1082:Minister of National Education and Fine Arts
1034:Minister of Information and Cultural Affairs
538:Fourth Estate Ltd (Harpercollins Publishers)
428:"Women raise their voices against violence"
35:Pierre Mulele in a campaign poster, c. 1960
696:
682:
29:
659:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
510:
345:Do not make your prisoners of war suffer.
1221:Secretary of State for External Commerce
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203:
1420:Democratic Republic of the Congo exiles
1385:Democratic Republic of the Congo rebels
838:Minister-Delegate to the United Nations
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208:Mulele (third from the right) with the
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1269:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
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188:. Mulele was lured out of exile after
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566:1958-1968, 10 jaar revolutie in Kongo
1465:Parti Solidaire Africain politicians
1205:Secretary of State to the Presidency
1189:Secretary of State to the Presidency
1395:20th-century executions for treason
1285:Secretary of State for the Interior
13:
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14:
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1410:People executed by dismemberment
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324:Respect all men, even bad ones.
256:. This came to be known as the
1301:Secretary of State for Defence
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1066:Minister of the Middle Classes
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788:Minister of External Commerce
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469:Van Reybrouck, David (2014).
180:. From Cairo he proceeded to
1050:Minister of Youth and Sports
954:Minister of Economic Affairs
804:Minister Resident in Belgium
728:Minister of National Defence
299:Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (later
65:3 or 9 October 1968 (age 39)
7:
1002:Minister of Mines and Power
771:Minister of Foreign Affairs
336:Do not harm or hurt others.
10:
1486:
1445:Lumumba Government members
1390:People of the Congo Crisis
1375:People from Kwilu Province
1018:Minister of Social Affairs
938:Minister of Communications
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380:, tells Abo's life story.
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248:as well as China, led a
235:Parti Solidaire Africain
78:Cause of death
922:Minister of Agriculture
655:Weiss, Herbert (2019).
278:United States Air Force
213:
1324:Antoine-Roger Bolamba
754:Deputy Prime Minister
637:. EPO. (unknown ISBN)
285:Paracommando Regiment
207:
1405:Executed politicians
1196:Joseph-Désiré Mobutu
1183:Secretaries of State
432:The New Humanitarian
229:, former members of
156:rebel active in the
1400:Executed communists
873:Minister of Finance
821:Minister of Justice
415:David van Reybrouck
357:Mulele was born in
315:Ideology and Maoism
1292:Raphael Batshikama
1133:Charles Kisolokele
970:Minister of Labour
705:Lumumba Government
613:2013-03-01 at the
370:Une Femme du Congo
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210:Lumumba government
112:Eulalie, Ghislaine
72:Congo-LĂ©opoldville
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1126:Minister of State
1110:Minister of State
1103:Alexandre Mahamba
1009:Edmond Rudahindwa
863:Christophe Gbenye
480:978-0-00-756291-6
374:A Congolese Woman
290:Congo-Brazzaville
227:Christophe Gbenye
186:guerrilla tactics
147:
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120:Guerrilla fighter
84:ordered by Mobutu
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1450:Maoist theorists
1340:Alphonse Nguvulu
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252:faction in the
242:Simba rebellion
231:Antoine Gizenga
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170:Antoine Gizenga
162:Patrice Lumumba
158:Simba rebellion
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568:. p. 370.
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540:. p. 86.
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295:In 1968, then-
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518:. p. 90.
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1365:1929 births
1276:André Mandi
829:RĂ©my Mwamba
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961:Joseph Yav
625:References
584:0521134404
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438:2020-02-15
402:0521134404
366:LĂ©onie Abo
117:Occupation
103:LĂ©onie Abo
717:Ministers
297:President
154:Congolese
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611:Archived
532:(2000).
237:(PSA).
109:Children
68:Kinshasa
1380:Maoists
644:. EPO.
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182:China
174:Cairo
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