322:
government, Ngendandumwe was the only parliamentarian; the other members were largely apolitical technocrats. Upon swearing in he announced a programme for "bread and peace", including an initiative to preserve coffee trees and an appeal to all citizens to provide two days of free labor to the country to bolster the state treasury. From this point onward the Mwami exerted considerable control over
Burundian politics and made the cabinet responsible to him instead of Parliament. On 29 July he traveled to Brussels and signed several technical assistance and financial agreements with the Belgian government, including a loan of 65 million
1599:
310:
406:, a prominent Rwandan exile rebel leader. A ballistics expert alleged that the bullet which killed Ngendandumwe had been traced to a gun found in the possession of Butera. Also arrested were leading figures of the Casablanca group, including Nyamoa, Prime Niyongabo, and Zenon Nicanyenzi. The group had convened shortly before the murder and were accused of plotting it. Despite the arrests and several investigations, no members of the Casablanca group were ever prosecuted. In December 1967 the
1605:
382:(PP), bolstered by UPRONA defections, saw a political opportunity and billed itself as a champion of the Monrovia group's ideas, renaming its youth wing the Jeunesse Populaire Ngendandumwe. UPRONA loyalist civil servants denounced the youth organisation as a group founded to "avenge" the late prime minister. UPRONA maintained its majority in the elections, but the PP earned 10 seats in Parliament.
321:
Muhirwa's government, facing increasing opposition in the
Assembly and from the crown, resigned in early June 1963. The Mwami asked Ngendandumwe to form a new government on 11 June. He became Prime Minister of Burundi on 18 June 1963, the first Hutu to hold the office. Of the 12 ministers in his new
296:
summoned
Rwandan and Burundian representatives to Brussels to discuss the future of their territory. Ngendandumwe led the Burundian delegation. He signed an agreement with Spaak, guaranteeing Burundi internal autonomy in most matters until independence. On 18 January 1962 he and the President of the
438:
The
Legislative Assembly had indicated to the Mwami that it preferred Muhirwa for the premiership at the time over Ngendandumwe. Ngendandumwe initially thought that Muhirwa's appointment was done as consolation to the Mwami since he was a member of the royal family, but in time came to believe this
413:
Ngendandumwe was buried in the Vugizo area of
Bujumbura, next to the tomb of Rwagosore. On 26 January 1965 the government voted to rename the Avenue de Hospital in Bujumbura—where he had been shot—as Avenue Pierre Ngendandumwe. The anniversary of Ngendandumwe's death in 1966 was declared a public
361:
On 7 January 1965 Mwambutsa called on
Ngendandumwe to replace Nyamoya and form a new government. The appointment was protested by the Tutsi-dominated Rwagosore National Youth, the Federation of Burundian Workers, and the Union of Administration Agents. At noon on 15 January his new government was
401:
The man accused of killing
Ngendandumwe was Gonzalve Muyenzi, a Rwandan refugee who worked at the United States Embassy. Shortly after the murder several Rwandan refugees were arrested, including most of the leaders of the Armée Populaire de Libération Rwandaise. The Burundian government also
362:
announced. Later that day he visited his wife at a hospital in
Bujumbura to watch her give birth to their son. At about 8:00 PM, as he was leaving the hospital, he was shot in the back and killed. His death was reportedly instantaneous, while one of his aides was wounded by a stray bullet.
288:
was named Prime
Minister to replace him, while Ngendandumwe continued to serve as Vice Prime Minister. Upon the death of Rwagosore, UPRONA developed two factions which became known as the "Casablanca group" and the "Monrovia group". The former was dominated by Tutsis and anti-Western in its
402:
severed relations with China, but in March a
Burundian diplomat declared that his government believed that both the United States and China were not involved in the killing. The police detained a man named Butera, another employee at the United States Embassy and the son of
301:
to permit the independence of Ruanda-Urundi as two separate states. He served as part of a Burundian delegation sent to the United Nations Headquarters in February to finalise the terms of Burundi's independence. The National Assembly appointed him to the Mwami
414:
holiday. He was also officially declared a "national hero" like Rwagasore, but his status in Burundian collective memory never became as prominent as that of the prince. In 2019 the Burundian government announced that it would name the planned building for the
280:. In a secret ballot, most deputies expressed their desire for Rwagasore to become the new prime minister, though two indicated their preference for Ngendandumwe. Rwagasore ultimately became prime minister with Ngendandumwe serving as Vice Prime Minister and
219:, Ngendandumwe became Burundi's first Hutu prime minister. He served as prime minister until 6 April 1964 and then became prime minister again on 7 January 1965, serving until his death. Eight days after beginning his second term, he was assassinated by a
345:, upsetting the Mwami. On 31 March 1964 the Mwami dismissed four controversial cabinet members and asked Ngendandumwe to create a new government. A settlement was not reached and Ngendandumwe resigned on 6 April 1964. He was replaced by
387:"Ngendandumwe's assassination was both an act of revenge and an act of solidarity—an act of revenge against the crown, and the expression of a growing solidarity between the Casablanca elites and the refugee leadership."
31:
410:, citing lack of evidence, dismissed all charges against those accused in the murder. The lack of a conviction for the murder became a grievance for Hutu opposition politicians.
374:. Ngendandumwe was the second Burundian premier to have been assassinated. His death created a political crisis, prompting Mwambutsa to dissolve Parliament and call for
255:
Following the completion of his education, Ngendandumwe worked in the Belgian colonial administration as an assistant territorial administrator. He supported Prince
326:
for economic development, subsidies for Burundian students at Belgian universities, and grantees of co-operation between Belgian and Burundian civil servants.
289:
ideological orientation. The latter was led by Hutus and leaned either pro-West or was neutral towards it. Ngendandumwe was associated with the Monrovia group.
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1488:
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212:. On 18 June 1963, about a year after Burundi gained independence and amidst efforts to bring about political cooperation between Hutus and the
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were held and won by UPRONA; Ngendandumwe became the only member of the Legislative Assembly to hold a university degree.
1754:
1744:
1724:
1474:
375:
268:
1214:
Les enjeux et défis de la démocratisation au Burundi. Essai d'analyse et d'interprétation à partir des partis politiques
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247:. That year he bemoaned the domination of Urundi's administration by the Tutsi minority ethnic group.
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1448:
1421:
1253:
Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell'Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente
42:
987:
1163:
671:
Garrison, Lloyd (19 January 1962). "Ruanda-Urundi at U.N. Rejects Union and Asks to Be 2 Nations".
407:
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338:
303:
274:
The Legislative Assembly met on 28 September to invest a new government with Rwagasore acting as
370:
His funeral was held three days later and he was succeeded in office by acting Prime Minister
1666:
1250:
Carbone, Carlo (March 2000). "Nazione, Nazionalisti, Decolonizzazione in Burundi 1958-1963".
1133:
1636:
1115:
349:. Despite this, he accompanied the Mwami to the United States in May to meet with President
1719:
1714:
1709:
267:
in the caretaker of government of national union assembled by the Belgian administration.
8:
1681:
314:
309:
240:
1656:
1505:
1333:
1324:
Latham-Koenig, A. L. (March 1964). "Notes of the Month: Attempted genocide in Ruanda".
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1414:
1140:. No. 11. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 17 January 1966. p. I3.
1122:. No. 17. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 27 January 1965. p. I1.
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77:
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In early 1964 Ngendandumwe went on a regional tour, visiting Kenya, Uganda, and
1523:
1275:"Rwagasore for ever? Des usages contemporains d'un héros consensuel au Burundi"
232:
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30:
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65:
1367:
Politics and Violence in Burundi: The Language of Truth in an Emerging State
98:
629:"Africans in Brussels: Delegates to Discuss Future of Ruanda and Urundi".
1346:
1337:
1265:
1242:
448:
The group was also known as the Jeunesse Mirerekano, after Hutu leader
1098:
1096:
742:
276:
161:
552:
550:
1288:
Meurtre Au Burundi : La Belgique et l'assassinat de Rwagasore
1093:
1613:
1220:(PhD thesis) (in French). Université Pau et des Pays de l'Adour.
706:
439:
was part of a strategy to exclude Hutus from national leadership.
201:
165:
547:
688:"Valentin Bankumuhari, le bras droit de Rwagasore s'est Ă©teint"
419:
220:
901:
1144:
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family. In 1959 he earned a degree in political science from
216:
1045:
889:
819:
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646:"L'assassinat du Premier ministre burundais Louis Rwagasore"
562:
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1069:
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814:
718:
537:
535:
1081:
918:
916:
1281:(in French). Vol. 2, no. 118. pp. 15–30.
1037:"Burundian Absolves China And U.S. in Leader's Death".
859:
778:
652:(in French). Center d'Ă©tudes wallonnes et de RĂ©publique
520:
505:
493:
471:
469:
1057:
1006:
574:
532:
928:
913:
829:
586:
885:. Associated Press. 20 October 1964. pp. 2, 10.
610:
466:
341:. He also established diplomatic relations with the
1232:
748:
712:
556:
333:to explore the possibility of Burundi joining the
881:"Burundi Revolt Erupts but Is Reported Quelled".
1701:
1290:(in French). Editions IWACU, Investig' Action.
1192:
907:
855:. Associated Press. 17 January 1965. p. 2.
297:Legislative Assembly of Ruanda appealed to the
1496:
1210:
1198:(in French). Paris: Éditions A. Pedone. 1967.
1150:
604:
1482:
1323:
1233:"Le Burundi a la Recherche d'Une Stabilite".
796:
259:and was a member of his political party, the
1138:Daily Report : Foreign Radio Broadcasts
1120:Daily Report : Foreign Radio Broadcasts
284:. On 13 October Rwagosore was assassinated.
1309:(third ed.). Lanham: Scarecrow Press.
1164:"Burundi At57: Some Burundi places renamed"
1116:"Council Meets Under Bamina For First Time"
685:
1489:
1475:
1344:
1272:
1134:"Services to Mark Death of Prime Minister"
1102:
1024:
823:
772:
724:
499:
29:
1384:
1087:
1051:
953:. Oxford University Press. January 2011.
895:
865:
808:
760:
736:
580:
568:
526:
514:
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335:East African Common Services Organization
55:7 January 1965 – 15 January 1965
1285:
784:
670:
643:
541:
308:
263:(UPRONA). In July 1961 he was appointed
231:Pierre Ngendandumwe was born in 1930 in
1750:Union for National Progress politicians
1363:
1249:
1063:
1012:
1000:
686:Mbazumutima, Abbas (17 December 2016).
637:
592:
1702:
1304:
1075:
940:
934:
922:
876:
874:
851:"7 Held In Slaying of Burundi Ruler".
846:
844:
835:
633:. Reuters. 4 December 1961. p. 4.
616:
475:
1760:Politicians assassinated in the 1960s
1470:
292:In December Belgian Foreign Minister
235:, Burundi. He came from a prosperous
90:18 June 1963 – 6 April 1964
871:
841:
204:politician. He was a member of the
13:
1740:Assassinated Burundian politicians
175:
14:
1776:
1735:Deputy prime ministers of Burundi
1279:Vingtième Siècle Revue d'histoire
1237:(in French) (47): 235–241. 1963.
306:'s Crown Council on 22 May 1963.
1603:
1597:
1387:Historical Dictionary of Burundi
1351:. New York: Praeger Publishers.
1307:Historical Dictionary of Burundi
356:
1156:
1126:
1108:
1030:
679:
664:
644:De Witte, Ludo (16 July 2013).
622:
442:
432:
299:United Nations General Assembly
200:(1930 – 15 January 1965) was a
1370:. Cambridge University Press.
1273:Deslaurier, Christine (2013).
1211:Banshimiyubusa, Denis (2018).
1186:
1:
1389:. Metuchen: Scarecrow Press.
459:
365:
226:
1765:Deaths by firearm in Burundi
1730:Finance ministers of Burundi
950:Mirerekano, Paul (1921–1965)
7:
1041:. 5 March 1965. p. 10.
261:Union for National Progress
206:Union for National Progress
186:Union for National Progress
10:
1781:
1755:Lovanium University alumni
1745:People murdered in Burundi
1725:Prime ministers of Burundi
1498:Prime ministers of Burundi
1385:Weinstein, Warren (1976).
343:People's Republic of China
337:and eventually a proposed
313:Ngendandumwe meeting with
1690:
1672:post abolished, 1998–2020
1612:
1595:
1542:
1513:
1504:
1455:
1449:Prime Minister of Burundi
1446:
1438:
1428:
1422:Prime Minister of Burundi
1419:
1411:
1406:
1345:Lemarchand, René (1970).
1305:Eggers, Ellen K. (2006).
250:
191:
181:
172:Manner of death
171:
151:
135:
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126:
116:
104:
94:
83:
71:
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43:Prime Minister of Burundi
41:
37:
28:
21:
425:
408:Supreme Court of Burundi
1642:post abolished, 1978–88
1632:post abolished, 1973–76
1622:post abolished, 1966–72
1364:Russell, Aiden (2019).
1286:De Witte, Ludo (2021).
749:Présence Africaine 1963
713:Présence Africaine 1963
557:Présence Africaine 1963
339:East African Federation
389:
318:
385:
378:. The Hutu-dominated
312:
1195:Année Africaine 1965
947:"Mirerekano, Paul".
908:Année Africaine 1967
571:, pp. 212, 252.
490:, pp. 142, 212.
422:after Ngendandumwe.
392:Political scientist
16:Burundian politician
1614:Republic of Burundi
1543:Independent country
1151:Banshimiyubusa 2018
1078:, pp. 113–114.
1054:, pp. 212–213.
1003:, pp. 152–153.
898:, pp. 14, 212.
811:, pp. 13, 212.
775:, pp. 364–365.
751:, pp. 239–240.
739:, pp. 12, 212.
605:Banshimiyubusa 2018
380:Party of the People
315:European Commission
282:Minister of Finance
265:Minister of Finance
241:Lovanium University
198:Pierre Ngendandumwe
23:Pierre Ngendandumwe
1506:Kingdom of Burundi
1407:Political offices
1348:Rwanda and Burundi
1235:Présence Africaine
1039:The New York Times
883:The New York Times
853:The New York Times
797:Latham-Koenig 1964
673:The New York Times
631:The New York Times
319:
317:members, July 1963
269:National elections
208:and was an ethnic
1697:
1696:
1593:
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1465:
1464:
1456:Succeeded by
1429:Succeeded by
1316:978-0-8108-5302-7
1297:978-2-930827-87-2
960:978-0-19-538207-5
763:, pp. 12–13.
351:Lyndon B. Johnson
214:dominant minority
195:
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159:(aged 34–35)
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1607:
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257:Louis Rwagasore
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223:Tutsi refugee.
182:Political party
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1256:(in Italian).
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1153:, p. 245.
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1088:Weinstein 1976
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984:|website=
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838:, p. 169.
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809:Weinstein 1976
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761:Weinstein 1976
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737:Weinstein 1976
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727:, p. 364.
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650:La Revue Toudi
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581:Weinstein 1976
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569:Weinstein 1976
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559:, p. 239.
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527:Weinstein 1976
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515:Weinstein 1976
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1516:Ruanda-Urundi
1512:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1492:
1487:
1485:
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1473:
1472:
1469:
1460:
1459:Pié Masumbuko
1451:
1450:
1443:
1442:Albin Nyamoya
1437:
1433:
1432:Albin Nyamoya
1424:
1423:
1416:
1415:André Muhirwa
1410:
1405:
1398:
1396:9780810809628
1392:
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1383:
1379:
1377:9781108499347
1373:
1369:
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1332:(3): 97–100.
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1170:. 1 July 2019
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868:, p. 14.
867:
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837:
832:
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820:
818:
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799:, p. 97.
798:
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785:De Witte 2021
781:
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762:
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674:
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651:
647:
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632:
625:
619:, p. 23.
618:
613:
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595:, p. 32.
594:
589:
583:, p. 11.
582:
577:
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565:
558:
553:
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543:
542:De Witte 2021
538:
536:
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523:
516:
511:
509:
502:, p. 83.
501:
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445:
435:
431:
423:
421:
417:
411:
409:
405:
398:
395:
388:
383:
381:
377:
376:new elections
373:
372:Pié Masumbuko
363:
357:Assassination
354:
352:
348:
347:Albin Nyamoya
344:
340:
336:
332:
327:
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316:
311:
307:
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295:
290:
287:
286:André Muhirwa
283:
279:
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245:Belgian Congo
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177:
176:Assassination
174:
170:
167:
163:
154:
150:
147:
146:Ruanda-Urundi
143:
138:
134:
129:
125:
122:Albin Nyamoya
121:
115:
112:
111:André Muhirwa
109:
103:
100:
97:
93:
87:
82:
79:
78:Pié Masumbuko
76:
70:
67:
66:Albin Nyamoya
64:
58:
52:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
1671:
1641:
1631:
1621:
1565:Ngendandumwe
1564:
1555:Ngendandumwe
1554:
1447:
1420:
1386:
1366:
1347:
1329:
1325:
1306:
1287:
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1257:
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1234:
1213:
1194:
1172:. Retrieved
1167:
1158:
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1137:
1128:
1119:
1110:
1083:
1071:
1064:Russell 2019
1059:
1047:
1038:
1032:
1020:
1013:Russell 2019
1008:
1001:Russell 2019
996:
964:. Retrieved
949:
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804:
792:
780:
768:
756:
744:
732:
720:
708:
698:November 30,
696:. Retrieved
691:
681:
675:. p. 3.
672:
666:
654:. Retrieved
649:
639:
630:
624:
612:
600:
593:Carbone 2000
588:
576:
564:
522:
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483:
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412:
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369:
360:
328:
320:
304:Mwambutsa IV
291:
275:
273:
254:
230:
197:
196:
157:(1965-01-15)
118:Succeeded by
99:Mwambutsa IV
85:
73:Succeeded by
50:
1720:Hutu people
1715:1965 deaths
1710:1930 births
1682:Ndirakobuca
1260:(1): 1–52.
1187:Works cited
1076:Eggers 2006
935:Eggers 2006
923:Eggers 2006
836:Eggers 2006
694:(in French)
617:Eggers 2006
476:Eggers 2006
106:Preceded by
61:Preceded by
1704:Categories
1657:Kanyenkiko
1637:Nzambimana
1426:1963–1964
1226:1085890695
1168:RegionWeek
460:References
366:Afterwards
331:Tanganyika
227:Early life
1585:Micombero
1570:Masumbuko
1529:Rwagasore
1357:254366212
1204:929702844
986:ignored (
976:cite book
277:formateur
202:Burundian
162:Bujumbura
86:In office
51:In office
1647:Sibomana
1338:40393588
1266:40761428
1243:24348312
1692:interim
1677:Bunyoni
1667:Ndimira
1662:Nduwayo
1627:Nyamoya
1560:Nyamoya
1550:Muhirwa
1534:Muhirwa
1524:Cimpaye
1174:13 June
966:30 July
656:20 July
243:in the
221:Rwandan
166:Burundi
95:Monarch
1652:Kinigi
1575:Bamina
1514:Under
1393:
1374:
1355:
1336:
1313:
1294:
1264:
1241:
1224:
1202:
957:
420:Gitega
416:Senate
396:, 1970
251:Career
217:Tutsis
1453:1965
1334:JSTOR
1262:JSTOR
1239:JSTOR
1218:(PDF)
692:Iwacu
426:Notes
1580:Biha
1391:ISBN
1372:ISBN
1353:OCLC
1311:ISBN
1292:ISBN
1222:OCLC
1200:OCLC
1176:2021
988:help
968:2021
955:ISBN
700:2023
658:2021
237:Hutu
210:Hutu
152:Died
139:1930
136:Born
418:in
1706::
1330:20
1328:.
1277:.
1258:55
1166:.
1136:.
1118:.
1095:^
980::
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1399:.
1380:.
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1340:.
1319:.
1300:.
1268:.
1245:.
1228:.
1206:.
1178:.
990:)
970:.
702:.
660:.
452:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
