177:
1574:, do not simply develop the thought of Bérulle, but all have their own significant insights. It has, therefore, been asserted that the "school" does not have simply one founder. However, the many common elements (such as an emphasis on living in the Spirit of Jesus, particular forms of meditative prayer, and, in some measure, a spiritual theology of priesthood taught in French-school- influenced seminaries since the 1600s), means that it can be considered as a distinct tradition of spirituality, more recently known as Berullism.
1583:
1967:
3395:
1664:), (Troyes, 1599). (This addresses the nature of diabolical possession, a topic of much controversy at the time. Diabolical possession, Bérulle argued, consists "precisely in a right which the malign spirit has of residing in body and of altering it in some manner." At its heart lay the profound diabolical hostility to the Incarnation, such that Satan, through possession, attempts to ape God, becoming "incarnate" himself.)
37:
1640:. He even took the Incarnation as the defining characteristic of his spirituality and his Oratory, when he asked Christ "that, in this piety, devotion, and special servitude to the mystery of Your Incarnation and of Your humanized divinity and deified humanity, be our life and our state, our spirit and our particular difference."
1628:
The
Carmelite nuns who were brought to France by Bérulle objected to his attempts to influence their spirituality. Nevertheless, Berullian influences did remain within the spirituality of female Carmelite monastic communities and perdured into the 20th century, until Blessed Marie-Eugene OCD visited
1539:
Bérulle is generally regarded as being an initiator of the French School of
Spirituality, a powerful spiritual, missionary, and reform movement that animated the church in France in the early seventeenth century. The movement was characterized by: a deep sense of God's grandeur and of the Church as
1535:
In the early part of his career, Bérulle was confident of the ability of the individual to both remake society and reform the church. Relying on human reason and diligent effort, he worked to convert the
Huguenots through theological treatises and conferences. When his efforts seemed to have little
1590:
Substantial and polemicized
Lutheran, Calvinist, and Counter-Reformation theological and philosophical notions have been noted in Berulle's spiritual theology of priesthood. This spiritual theology created a sea change in the Roman Catholic theology of the priesthood, principally through an
1591:
over-identification with Christ, according to Clare McGrath-Merkle. Berullian clerical spirituality has been characterized by a negative spiritual anthropology of self-annihilationism and neantism in which the priest must lose his identity to make room for that of Christ.
1515:
policy, which was opposed by
Richelieu. For religious reasons, Cardinal Bérulle favored the allegiance of France with Austria and Spain, the other Catholic powers, while Cardinal Richelieu wanted to undermine their influence in Europe. He was made cardinal by
1548:(the Abbé (Abbot)of Saint-Cyran), key collaborators of Bérulle, worked together to promote a negative Augustinian penitential theology, hoping that Bérulle’s Oratory would be the means by which the theology would displace that of "laxist" Jesuits.
1620:
Bérulle has been claimed to be an opponent of the abstract school of mysticism that bypassed the humanity of Christ, although his own method of prayer included a focus on adoring the being of Christ himself, considered in the abstract;
1712:), (Paris, 1629). This was a sequel to the preceding work, which the author left unfinished at the time of his death, having only had the time to consider the mystery of the Annunciation and partially (in a draft) the Visitation.
1536:
effect, he came to the realization that everything depended on God, and that one should attempt to live in accordance with the will of God without concern for success or failure.
1540:
the Body of Christ, a pessimistic
Augustinian view of man that nonetheless stressed positive potential through God, and a strong apostolic and missionary commitment.
1982:
2031:
1636:
Bérulle emphasized Jesus as the
Incarnate Word of God, and the abasement, self-surrender, servitude and humiliation— all Bérulle's words— of his
3455:
3445:
1558:
It has been asserted that the term "school" is potentially problematic, though, because at least some other cited members of this "school," such as
1793:
Ingold, Augustin. "French
Congregation of the Oratory." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 12 Jun. 2013
1495:, and acted as her chaplain during the first year of her stay in England. In 1626, as French ambassador to Spain, he concluded the favourable
3435:
2049:
1367:
176:
2102:
1987:
2024:
1684:), (Paris, 1623). This work was reprinted several times; the substance and often the actual expressions are to be found in the diffuse
1217:
211:
1392:, into two families of distinguished magistrates on 4 February 1575. The château de Cérilly is situated in the modern department of
1834:
3440:
1307:
3480:
3475:
3430:
1764:
Ingold, Augustin. "Pierre de Bérulle." The
Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 12 Jun. 2013
3465:
2017:
1142:
453:
1431:
371:
3450:
1697:
1806:
693:
339:
3460:
1866:
1360:
1277:
1222:
3062:
1567:
1487:, and several times declined his offers to be made a bishop. He obtained the necessary dispensations from Rome for
1292:
1272:
1884:
Port-Royal et l’école française de spiritualité: actes du colloque organisé par la société des amis de Port-Royal,
3490:
3470:
3087:
2350:
2068:
1132:
473:
1011:
3012:
2063:
1267:
1523:
Bérulle died
October 2, 1629, in Paris, while celebrating Mass, and was buried in the chapel of the Oratorian
1511:, through his agency, he was appointed a councillor of state, but had to resign this office, owing to his pro-
3032:
2712:
2109:
890:
221:
137:
3128:
754:
2087:
1353:
160:
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1919:
1545:
1237:
624:
3485:
3138:
3077:
2040:
1297:
1247:
606:
133:
2901:
2881:
947:
1571:
1302:
582:
129:
3052:
2245:
2137:
2080:
1021:
530:
525:
416:
357:
1475:
at Rome. The French congregation, however, varied in important respects from the Italian Oratory.
1312:
3163:
3107:
3027:
2423:
1835:
Minton, Anne M., "The Spirituality of Bérulle: A New Look", Order of Preachers - Central Province
1232:
1212:
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319:
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2666:
2167:
1287:
1187:
1182:
1066:
899:
780:
306:
3082:
3042:
3002:
1699:
Discourses on the State and Grandeurs of Jesus: The Ineffable Union of the Deity with Humanity
1551:
Bérulle's depiction of the mystical journey through Mary to Christ, and through Christ to the
3173:
3092:
2961:
2956:
2906:
2383:
2226:
2075:
1417:
421:
252:
206:
3218:
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2946:
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2506:
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2408:
2290:
2184:
1604:
1504:
1492:
1389:
1006:
763:
702:
567:
294:
3334:
1995:
1882:, (2012), p181. See also Krumenacker, Yves, “Qu’est-ce qu’une école de spiritualité?,” in
991:
8:
3324:
3288:
3258:
3022:
2926:
2766:
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2707:
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2521:
2330:
2173:
2160:
2149:
1464:
1435:
1409:
1257:
1252:
1227:
1207:
1105:
717:
577:
281:
201:
168:
3369:
2826:
1496:
3399:
3339:
2951:
2891:
2861:
2776:
2771:
2640:
2536:
2433:
2413:
2373:
2315:
2280:
2275:
2119:
1734:
1563:
1500:
1484:
1453:
1424:
1339:
1192:
929:
919:
909:
862:
827:
822:
775:
505:
196:
191:
3133:
2791:
2692:
1702:, trans. Lisa Richmond (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2023).
1442:
839:
3329:
3314:
3203:
3067:
3007:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2852:
2821:
2801:
2687:
2645:
2625:
2541:
2501:
2476:
2365:
2335:
2285:
2270:
1999:
1862:
1524:
1197:
1073:
959:
914:
844:
785:
768:
679:
653:
633:
515:
500:
390:
385:
216:
95:
3148:
3057:
2886:
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1600:
1381:
996:
91:
3238:
3233:
3158:
3143:
3123:
2911:
2836:
2697:
2581:
2566:
2546:
2491:
2471:
2458:
2403:
2295:
2127:
1613:
1541:
1468:
1456:
for a time. De Bérulle was responsible for De Paul taking up an appointment to the
1332:
1016:
964:
726:
648:
638:
468:
347:
262:
145:
3354:
3243:
2982:
2781:
1282:
986:
834:
3364:
3253:
3188:
3178:
3102:
2997:
2992:
2896:
2871:
2702:
2682:
2655:
2650:
2620:
2561:
2305:
2132:
1622:
1517:
1508:
1488:
1322:
1262:
1056:
813:
740:
735:
535:
520:
257:
141:
124:
73:
47:
2796:
1078:
3193:
3168:
3097:
3037:
2811:
2806:
2786:
2741:
2576:
2571:
2516:
2438:
2418:
2355:
2231:
2092:
2009:
1608:
1110:
1001:
495:
488:
3278:
1779:
1448:
In 1608, Vincent de Paul moved to Paris, where he came under the influence of
3414:
3374:
3344:
3273:
2966:
2921:
2660:
2630:
2531:
2511:
2496:
2388:
2378:
2265:
2178:
1978:
1973:
1814:
1790:
1763:
1582:
1317:
1172:
1167:
1100:
1033:
684:
674:
669:
615:
300:
3359:
3298:
3208:
3017:
2677:
2481:
2320:
2260:
1733:
Bérulle's works, edited by P. Bourgoing (2 vols., 1644) were reprinted, by
1115:
1061:
545:
332:
23:
3283:
3072:
3293:
3263:
3228:
3223:
3198:
3183:
3153:
2751:
2746:
2723:
2615:
2610:
2591:
2556:
2466:
2255:
1637:
1472:
1095:
1090:
1085:
643:
148:, although both developed significantly different spiritual theologies.
3379:
2756:
2672:
2340:
2200:
1693:
1559:
1421:
1327:
1242:
924:
745:
463:
403:
269:
1920:
https://carmelitequotes.blog/2019/09/20/quote-of-the-day-20-september/
1416:, in 1597. Soon after his ordination as a priest in 1599, he assisted
1397:
2915:
2601:
2195:
1051:
712:
707:
363:
325:
274:
1847:
Jansenism in Seventeenth-Century France: Voices from the Wilderness,
1467:
in France, in 1611 Bérulle founded in Paris the Congregation of the
36:
3394:
2815:
2393:
2345:
2250:
2240:
2210:
2190:
2154:
1629:
the communities to provide standard Carmelite spiritual formation.
1512:
572:
540:
352:
1972:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2847:
2736:
2586:
2325:
2300:
2215:
2143:
2097:
1552:
1405:
1177:
380:
226:
1449:
136:
and statesman in 17th-century France. He was the founder of the
2428:
2310:
2205:
1726:
In addition, Bérulle wrote a number of short devotional works (
1457:
1385:
510:
458:
1577:
1393:
108:
1744:, trans. Lowell M Glendon, (New York: Paulist Press, 1989).
2398:
1401:
1991:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1878:
David D Thayer, 'The French School', in Peter Tyler, ed,
1603:' philosophical studies, and it was through him that the
1438:
1452:(later Cardinal) Pierre de Bérulle, whom he took as his
1555:
is a hallmark of the French School of spirituality.
1740:
A selected modern English translation is available as
1430:
With the co-operation of his cousin, Madame Acarie (
1520:on 30 August 1627, but never received the red hat.
1503:found objections. After the reconciliation of King
1849:Charlottesville: University of Virginia, 1977, 49.
1720:Elevation to Jesus Christ Regarding St. Magdalene
1730:) and documents for the guidance of the Oratory.
3412:
2039:
1916:Autobiography of Blessed Anne of St. Bartholomew
1742:Bérulle and the French School: Selected Writings
1625:called him the "apostle of the incarnate Word."
1530:
1780:"Berulle, Pierre de", Vincentian Online Library
1880:The Bloomsbury Guide to Christian Spirituality
2025:
1716:Elévation à Jésus-Christ sur Sainte Madeleine
1682:Discourse on the State and Grandeurs of Jesus
1643:The chief works of Cardinal de Bérulle are:
1471:, on the model of the one founded in 1556 by
1361:
1933:Discours de l'état et des grandeurs de Jésus
1678:Discours de l'état et des grandeurs de Jésus
1634:Discours de l'état et des grandeurs de Jésus
1897:Berulle's Spiritual Theology of Priesthood,
1807:"Miranda, Salvatore. ""Pierre de Bérulle",
1412:in Paris. He published his first work, his
3456:Founders of Catholic religious communities
2032:
2018:
1886:Paris: Bibliothèque Mazarine, 2007, 11–23.
1791:http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11274a.htm
1688:of Father Bourgoing and also in Bossuet's
1578:Berullian Spiritual Theology of Priesthood
1368:
1354:
128:; 4 February 1575 – 2 October 1629) was a
35:
1801:
1799:
1218:A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation
3446:17th-century French Catholic theologians
1977:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1759:
1757:
1648:Bref discours de l'abnégation intérieure
1581:
1414:Bref Discours de l'abnegation interieure
1594:
1308:Tractatus de Purgatorio Sancti Patricii
3413:
3033:Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler
1796:
1674:), (Paris, 1609), on various subjects.
1652:Brief Discourse on Interior Abnegation
2013:
1768:
1754:
123:
3436:Cardinals created by Pope Urban VIII
1396:, while the village adjacent to it,
1859:An Anthology of Christian mysticism
1811:, Florida International University"
1420:in his public controversy with the
1380:Bérulle was born in the Château of
16:French Catholic priest and cardinal
13:
1809:Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
1692:. The work was also popular among
14:
3502:
1278:The Miracle of Our Lady of Fatima
1223:From Willow Creek to Sacred Heart
3393:
1965:
1956:(Paris: J.-P. Migne, 1856), 860.
1939:(Paris: J.-P. Migne, 1856), 314.
1568:Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort
1293:On the Consolation of Philosophy
1273:Calls from the Message of Fatima
175:
140:and counted among his disciples
2351:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
1942:
1925:
1908:
1902:
1672:Three Discourses of Controversy
1483:Bérulle was a chaplain to King
3441:17th-century Christian mystics
2064:History of the Catholic Church
1954:Œuvres Complétes de de Bérulle
1937:Œuvres Complétes de de Bérulle
1935:VIII.13, in J.-P. Migne, ed.,
1889:
1872:
1852:
1839:
1828:
1784:
1427:, and made numerous converts.
348:Stages of Christian perfection
1:
3476:French school of spirituality
3431:17th-century French cardinals
2713:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
2110:History of Christian theology
1747:
1668:Trois Discours de controverse
1607:, recently brought over from
1531:French School of Spirituality
1434:), in 1604 he introduced the
138:French school of spirituality
3466:17th-century French nobility
2041:History of Catholic theology
1478:
7:
3481:Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni
1952:VI.1, in J.-P. Migne, ed.,
1899:Munster: Aschendorff, 2018.
1690:Elévations sur les mystères
1546:Jean du Vergier de Hauranne
1268:Fatima in Lucia's Own Words
1238:The Ladder of Divine Ascent
10:
3507:
3139:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
3129:Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange
2414:Transubstantiation dispute
1611:, was inserted in Lejay's
1586:Cardinal Pierre de Bérulle
1298:The Mirror of Simple Souls
1248:Revelations of Divine Love
3388:
3307:
3116:
2975:
2845:
2721:
2600:
2457:
2364:
2224:
2118:
2056:
2047:
1662:Treatise on the Possessed
1572:Jean-Baptiste de la Salle
1404:. He was educated by the
1303:Sister Catherine Treatise
1144:Reflection on the New Age
583:Symeon the New Theologian
307:Invoking of Mystic Saints
102:
84:
79:
66:
58:
53:
43:
34:
21:
3461:French Christian mystics
3451:Burials in Île-de-France
3053:Matthias Joseph Scheeben
2246:Athanasius of Alexandria
2138:First Epistle of Clement
1432:Marie of the Incarnation
1128:Contemporary papal views
1022:Mary of the Divine Heart
106:2 October 1629 (aged 54)
3164:Dietrich von Hildebrand
3028:Giovanni Maria Cornoldi
2902:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
2882:Mary of Jesus of Ágreda
2424:Paulinus II of Aquileia
2419:Predestination disputes
1988:Encyclopædia Britannica
1861:by Harvey D. Egan 1991
1408:at Clermont and at the
1233:The Imitation of Christ
1213:Abbey of the Holy Ghost
1203:Book of the First Monks
954:Anne Catherine Emmerich
948:Mary of Jesus of Ágreda
186:Theology and philosophy
151:
3491:Roman Catholic mystics
3471:French Oratory mystics
3400:Catholicism portal
3249:Hans Urs von Balthasar
3048:Tommaso Maria Zigliara
2988:Félicité de La Mennais
2667:The Cloud of Unknowing
2168:The Shepherd of Hermas
1950:Traité des énergumènes
1895:McGrath-Merkle, Clare.
1658:Traité des énergumènes
1587:
1288:The Cloud of Unknowing
1188:Dark Night of the Soul
1183:Ascent of Mount Carmel
1080:Sister Lúcia of Fátima
1068:Alexandrina of Balazar
900:Margaret Mary Alacoque
781:Mechthild of Magdeburg
3174:Marie-Dominique Chenu
3093:Marie-Joseph Lagrange
3078:Désiré-Joseph Mercier
2962:Clement Mary Hofbauer
2957:Johann Michael Sailer
2384:Maximus the Confessor
2076:History of the papacy
1845:Sedgwick, Alexander,
1585:
1499:, to which his enemy
1313:The Vision of Adamnán
1133:Aspects of meditation
207:Catholic spirituality
125:[pjɛʁdəbeʁyl]
121:French pronunciation:
3350:Raniero Cantalamessa
3320:Alice von Hildebrand
3269:Edward Schillebeeckx
2947:Maria Gaetana Agnesi
2832:Lawrence of Brindisi
2762:Francisco de Vitoria
2552:Beatrice of Nazareth
2527:Hugh of Saint Victor
2507:Bernard of Clairvaux
2487:Anselm of Canterbury
2449:John Scotus Eriugena
2444:Paschasius Radbertus
2291:Gregory of Nazianzus
2185:Epistle to Diognetus
1605:Samaritan Pentateuch
1595:Philosophy and works
1162:Literature and media
1007:Bernadette Soubirous
764:Beatrice of Nazareth
703:Beatrice of Nazareth
568:Bernard of Clairvaux
3325:Carlo Maria Martini
3289:Johann Baptist Metz
3259:Frederick Copleston
3083:Friedrich von Hügel
3043:Joseph Hergenröther
3023:Gaetano Sanseverino
3003:Ignaz von Döllinger
2927:Nicolas Malebranche
2767:Thomas of Villanova
2728:Counter-Reformation
2708:Girolamo Savonarola
2522:Hildegard of Bingen
2331:Cyril of Alexandria
2174:Aristides of Athens
2161:Epistle of Barnabas
2150:Ignatius of Antioch
2088:Ecumenical councils
1996:"Pierre de Bérulle"
1948:Pierre de Bérulle,
1931:Pierre de Bérulle,
1599:Bérulle encouraged
1465:Counter-Reformation
1436:Discalced Carmelite
1258:Theologia Germanica
1253:The Story of a Soul
1228:The Glories of Mary
1208:The Interior Castle
1106:Charles de Foucauld
718:John van Ruysbroeck
578:Hildegard of Bingen
437:(by era or century)
282:Spiritual direction
169:Christian mysticism
3340:Alasdair MacIntyre
3219:Nouvelle théologie
3108:Thérèse of Lisieux
2952:Alfonso Muzzarelli
2892:Jean-Jacques Olier
2862:Tommaso Campanella
2777:Francisco de Osuna
2772:Ignatius of Loyola
2641:Catherine of Siena
2537:Robert Grosseteste
2434:Benedict of Aniane
2374:Isidore of Seville
2316:Augustine of Hippo
2281:Cyril of Jerusalem
2276:Hilary of Poitiers
1983:Bérulle, Pierre de
1588:
1564:Jean-Jacques Olier
1501:Cardinal Richelieu
1485:Henry IV of France
1463:A mainstay of the
1454:spiritual director
1425:Philippe de Mornay
1193:Spiritual Canticle
1028:Thérèse of Lisieux
1012:Conchita de Armida
930:John of St. Samson
920:Charles de Condren
910:Jean-Jacques Olier
863:Catherine of Genoa
829:Francisco de Osuna
823:Ignatius of Loyola
776:Catherine of Siena
506:Arsenius the Great
397:Passive asceticism
3486:People from Yonne
3408:
3407:
3335:Gustavo Gutiérrez
3330:Pope Benedict XVI
3315:Pope John Paul II
3214:Josemaría Escrivá
3204:Henri Daniel-Rops
3088:Vladimir Solovyov
3068:Neo-scholasticism
3008:John Henry Newman
2942:Louis de Montfort
2937:Alphonsus Liguori
2932:Giambattista Vico
2867:Pierre de Bérulle
2853:French Revolution
2822:Robert Bellarmine
2802:John of the Cross
2688:Julian of Norwich
2646:Bridget of Sweden
2636:John of Ruusbroec
2626:William of Ockham
2542:Francis of Assisi
2532:Dominic de Guzmán
2502:Decretum Gratiani
2477:Berengar of Tours
2366:Early Middle Ages
2336:Peter Chrysologus
2286:Basil of Caesarea
2271:Ephrem the Syrian
2211:Antipope Novatian
2000:Jean-Pierre Papon
1722:), (Paris, 1627).
1617:(1628–45).
1525:College of Juilly
1507:with his mother,
1441:of the reform of
1418:Cardinal Duperron
1378:
1377:
1198:Way of Perfection
1153:
1152:
1074:Faustina Kowalska
992:Catherine Labouré
972:
971:
960:Veronica Giuliani
915:Louis de Montfort
905:Pierre de Bérulle
870:
869:
845:John of the Cross
793:
792:
786:Marguerite Porete
770:Bridget of Sweden
680:Julian of Norwich
654:Angela of Foligno
634:Francis of Assisi
616:Dominic de Guzmán
516:Macarius of Egypt
501:Anthony the Great
391:Religious ecstasy
386:Spiritual dryness
313:Active asceticism
217:Mystical theology
117:Pierre de Bérulle
114:
113:
29:Pierre de Bérulle
3498:
3398:
3397:
3239:Emmanuel Mounier
3234:Bernard Lonergan
3159:Georges Bernanos
3144:Jacques Maritain
3124:G. K. Chesterton
3013:Henri Lacordaire
2912:Cornelius Jansen
2907:François Fénelon
2837:Francis de Sales
2827:Francisco Suárez
2698:Nicholas of Cusa
2582:Siger of Brabant
2567:Boetius of Dacia
2547:Anthony of Padua
2492:Joachim of Fiore
2472:Gregory of Narek
2459:High Middle Ages
2404:John of Damascus
2296:Gregory of Nyssa
2034:
2027:
2020:
2011:
2010:
1992:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1957:
1946:
1940:
1929:
1923:
1918:. Available at:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1893:
1887:
1876:
1870:
1856:
1850:
1843:
1837:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1813:. Archived from
1803:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1777:
1766:
1761:
1696:. Translated as
1614:Bible Polyglotte
1542:Cornelius Jansen
1497:Treaty of Monzón
1370:
1363:
1356:
1137:Orationis Formas
1081:
1069:
1029:
1017:Luisa Piccarreta
965:Francis de Sales
955:
940:
887:
886:
855:
830:
810:
809:
771:
649:Jacopone da Todi
639:Anthony of Padua
603:
602:
476:
475:Pseudo-Dionysius
469:Gregory of Nyssa
443:
442:
439:
438:
375:
366:
342:
335:
328:
179:
156:
155:
146:Francis de Sales
127:
122:
80:Personal details
67:Created cardinal
39:
19:
18:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3392:
3384:
3365:Jean-Luc Marion
3303:
3254:Marcel Lefebvre
3179:Romano Guardini
3134:Joseph Maréchal
3112:
3103:Maurice Blondel
2998:Antonio Rosmini
2993:Luigi Taparelli
2971:
2897:Louis Thomassin
2872:Pierre Gassendi
2855:
2851:
2841:
2792:Teresa of Ávila
2730:
2726:
2717:
2703:Marsilio Ficino
2693:Thomas à Kempis
2683:Devotio Moderna
2656:Johannes Tauler
2651:Meister Eckhart
2621:Dante Alighieri
2596:
2562:Albertus Magnus
2453:
2360:
2306:John Chrysostom
2234:
2230:
2220:
2133:Clement of Rome
2114:
2052:
2043:
2038:
1981:, ed. (1911). "
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1947:
1943:
1930:
1926:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1894:
1890:
1877:
1873:
1857:
1853:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1829:
1820:
1818:
1805:
1804:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1750:
1728:Œuvres de pieté
1623:Pope Urban VIII
1597:
1580:
1533:
1518:Pope Urban VIII
1509:Marie de Medici
1491:'s marriage to
1489:Henrietta Maria
1481:
1443:Teresa of Ávila
1374:
1345:
1344:
1263:Devotio Moderna
1163:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1129:
1121:
1120:
1079:
1067:
1057:Therese Neumann
1047:
1039:
1038:
1027:
982:
974:
973:
953:
938:
884:
872:
871:
853:
840:Teresa of Ávila
828:
807:
795:
794:
769:
741:Johannes Tauler
736:Meister Eckhart
600:
588:
587:
563:
551:
550:
536:John Chrysostom
521:Moses the Black
491:
481:
480:
474:
454:Ancient African
449:
440:
436:
435:
427:
426:
411:
398:
369:
362:
338:
331:
324:
314:
289:
247:
242:
234:
233:
187:
154:
142:Vincent de Paul
130:French Catholic
120:
107:
98:
89:
88:4 February 1575
74:Pope Urban VIII
71:
48:Catholic Church
30:
27:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3504:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3194:Henri de Lubac
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3169:Gabriel Marcel
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3149:Étienne Gilson
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3098:George Tyrrell
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3058:Émile Boutroux
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3038:Giuseppe Pecci
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2887:António Vieira
2884:
2879:
2877:René Descartes
2874:
2869:
2864:
2858:
2856:
2848:Baroque period
2846:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2812:Luis de Molina
2809:
2807:Peter Canisius
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2787:Francis Xavier
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2742:Thomas Cajetan
2739:
2733:
2731:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2673:Heinrich Seuse
2670:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2577:Thomas Aquinas
2574:
2572:Henry of Ghent
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2517:Anselm of Laon
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2439:Rabanus Maurus
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2356:Pope Gregory I
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2237:
2235:
2232:Pope Gregory I
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2103:Biblical canon
2100:
2093:Catholic Bible
2090:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1993:
1979:Chisholm, Hugh
1959:
1958:
1941:
1924:
1907:
1901:
1888:
1871:
1851:
1838:
1827:
1795:
1783:
1767:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1724:
1723:
1713:
1703:
1675:
1665:
1655:
1609:Constantinople
1596:
1593:
1579:
1576:
1532:
1529:
1480:
1477:
1469:French Oratory
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1150:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1111:Edvige Carboni
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1076:
1071:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
1002:Maximin Giraud
999:
997:Mélanie Calvat
994:
989:
983:
980:
979:
976:
975:
970:
969:
968:
967:
962:
957:
950:
942:
941:
935:
934:
933:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
894:
893:
885:
878:
877:
874:
873:
868:
867:
866:
865:
857:
856:
850:
849:
848:
847:
842:
837:
832:
825:
817:
816:
808:
801:
800:
797:
796:
791:
790:
789:
788:
783:
778:
773:
766:
758:
757:
751:
750:
749:
748:
743:
738:
730:
729:
723:
722:
721:
720:
715:
710:
705:
697:
696:
690:
689:
688:
687:
682:
677:
672:
664:
663:
659:
658:
657:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
628:
627:
621:
620:
619:
618:
610:
609:
601:
594:
593:
590:
589:
586:
585:
580:
575:
570:
564:
557:
556:
553:
552:
549:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
496:Paul of Thebes
492:
489:Desert Fathers
487:
486:
483:
482:
479:
478:
471:
466:
461:
456:
450:
447:
446:
441:
433:
432:
429:
428:
425:
424:
419:
413:
412:
407:
406:
400:
399:
394:
393:
388:
383:
378:
377:
376:
367:
355:
350:
345:
344:
343:
336:
329:
316:
315:
310:
309:
304:
297:
291:
290:
285:
284:
279:
278:
277:
267:
266:
265:
260:
249:
248:
243:
240:
239:
236:
235:
232:
231:
230:
229:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
188:
185:
184:
181:
180:
172:
171:
165:
164:
153:
150:
112:
111:
104:
100:
99:
90:
86:
82:
81:
77:
76:
70:30 August 1627
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
51:
50:
45:
41:
40:
32:
31:
28:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3503:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3375:Aidan Nichols
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3355:Michał Heller
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3345:Walter Kasper
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3274:Thomas Merton
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3244:Jean Daniélou
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2983:Joseph Görres
2981:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2968:
2967:Bruno Lanteri
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2922:Blaise Pascal
2920:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2782:John of Ávila
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2662:
2661:Walter Hilton
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2631:Richard Rolle
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2512:Peter Lombard
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2497:Peter Abelard
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2389:Monothelitism
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2379:John Climacus
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2266:Monophysitism
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2180:
2179:Justin Martyr
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2081:Papal primacy
2079:
2078:
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2046:
2042:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1974:public domain
1963:
1962:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1898:
1892:
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1867:0-8146-6012-6
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1817:on 2015-04-30
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1710:Life of Jesus
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1445:into France.
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1318:Divine Comedy
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1283:Sol de Fátima
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1199:
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1179:
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1173:Ordo Virtutum
1171:
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1168:Lingua ignota
1166:
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1147:
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1125:
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1101:Thomas Merton
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1034:Gemma Galgani
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987:Dina Bélanger
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836:
835:John of Ávila
833:
831:
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700:
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698:
695:
692:
691:
686:
685:Margery Kempe
683:
681:
678:
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675:Walter Hilton
673:
671:
670:Richard Rolle
668:
667:
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547:
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320:Contemplation
318:
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311:
308:
305:
303:
302:
301:Lectio Divina
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83:
78:
75:
69:
65:
61:
57:
52:
49:
46:
42:
38:
33:
25:
20:
3360:Peter Kreeft
3308:21st century
3299:Henri Nouwen
3209:Jean Guitton
3189:Fulton Sheen
3117:20th century
3018:Jaime Balmes
2976:19th century
2866:
2797:Luis de León
2678:Geert Groote
2665:
2482:Peter Damian
2321:John Cassian
2261:Nestorianism
2183:
2166:
2159:
2142:
2120:Early Church
2004:Dictionnaire
2003:
1986:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1896:
1891:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1858:
1854:
1846:
1841:
1830:
1819:. Retrieved
1815:the original
1808:
1786:
1741:
1739:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1706:Vie de Jésus
1705:
1698:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1647:
1642:
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1631:
1627:
1619:
1612:
1598:
1589:
1557:
1550:
1538:
1534:
1522:
1482:
1462:
1447:
1429:
1413:
1379:
1143:
1136:
1116:Elena Aiello
1062:Marthe Robin
904:
880:
803:
596:
559:
546:John Cassian
370:
358:Divinization
333:Jesus Prayer
299:
116:
115:
24:His Eminence
3426:1629 deaths
3421:1575 births
3370:Tomáš Halík
3294:Jean Vanier
3279:René Girard
3264:Alfred Delp
3229:Yves Congar
3224:Karl Rahner
3199:Dorothy Day
3184:Edith Stein
3154:Ronald Knox
2752:John Fisher
2747:Thomas More
2724:Reformation
2616:Duns Scotus
2611:Ramon Llull
2604:and reforms
2592:Roger Bacon
2557:Bonaventure
2467:Roscellinus
2256:Pelagianism
2227:Constantine
2050:Key figures
2006:(in French)
1914:Selection,
1686:Méditations
1638:Incarnation
1473:Philip Neri
1460:of Clichy.
1096:Alfred Delp
1091:Simone Weil
1086:Edgar Cayce
644:Bonaventure
417:Charismatic
253:Monasticism
246:Monasticism
222:Neoplatonic
212:Hellenistic
62:5 June 1599
3415:Categories
3380:Scott Hahn
2757:Johann Eck
2409:Iconoclasm
2341:Pope Leo I
2201:Tertullian
1821:2013-06-12
1748:References
1694:Jansenists
1654:), (1597).
1560:Jean Eudes
1505:Louis XIII
1422:Protestant
1328:Purgatorio
1243:Philokalia
925:John Eudes
879:17th
802:15th
746:Henry Suso
625:Franciscan
595:13th
558:11th
531:Athanasius
526:Syncletica
464:Thomasines
404:Abstinence
295:Meditation
288:Meditation
270:Asceticism
202:Cataphatic
59:Ordination
3284:Hans Küng
3073:Léon Bloy
3063:Modernism
2916:Jansenism
2602:Mysticism
2196:Montanism
1869:page 481.
1737:in 1857.
1601:Descartes
1493:Charles I
1479:Statesman
1390:Champagne
1052:Padre Pio
713:Hadewijch
708:Lutgardis
607:Dominican
448:Antiquity
364:Catharsis
326:Hesychasm
275:Mendicant
241:Practices
197:Ascetical
192:Apophatic
2816:Molinism
2394:Ecthesis
2346:Boethius
2251:Arianism
2241:Eusebius
2191:Irenaeus
2155:Polycarp
2069:Timeline
1513:Habsburg
1410:Sorbonne
1400:, is in
1333:Paradiso
573:Guigo II
541:Hilarion
422:Esoteric
410:Esoteric
353:Hesychia
340:Quietism
161:a series
159:Part of
134:cardinal
132:priest,
2737:Erasmus
2587:Thomism
2326:Orosius
2301:Ambrose
2216:Cyprian
2144:Didache
2098:Vulgate
2057:General
1976::
1632:In his
1553:Trinity
1406:Jesuits
1398:Bérulle
1384:, near
1382:Cérilly
1323:Inferno
1178:Scivias
1139:, 1989)
814:Spanish
694:Flemish
662:English
434:People
381:Kenosis
372:Theosis
263:Silence
227:Henosis
92:Cérilly
2429:Alcuin
2311:Jerome
2206:Origen
1970:
1865:
1570:, and
1458:parish
1386:Troyes
1340:Fatima
1146:(2003)
939:Others
891:French
854:Others
755:Female
727:German
511:Poemen
459:Origen
96:France
54:Orders
44:Church
1735:Migne
1394:Yonne
109:Paris
2399:Bede
2128:Paul
1863:ISBN
1544:and
1450:Abbé
1439:nuns
1402:Aube
1046:20th
981:19th
883:18th
806:16th
599:14th
562:12th
152:Life
144:and
103:Died
85:Born
1985:".
1388:in
258:New
72:by
3417::
2850:to
2229:to
2002:,
1998:,
1798:^
1770:^
1756:^
1566:,
1562:,
1527:.
163:on
94:,
2918:)
2914:(
2818:)
2814:(
2033:e
2026:t
2019:v
1922:.
1824:.
1718:(
1708:(
1680:(
1670:(
1660:(
1650:(
1369:e
1362:t
1355:v
1135:(
881:·
804:·
597:·
560:·
119:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
