1242:
607:
1321:
892:
1028:
as a spear-like weapon when held out with both hands. Although they did not have the full reach of pikes, bayonets were effective against cavalry charges, which used to be the main weakness of musketeer formations, and allowed armies to massively expand their potential firepower by giving every infantryman a firearm; pikemen were no longer needed to protect musketeers from cavalry. Furthermore, improvements in artillery caused most
European armies to abandon large formations in favor of multiple staggered lines, both to minimize casualties and to present a larger frontage for volley fire. Thick hedges of bayonets proved to be an effective anti-cavalry solution, and improved musket
1052:
31:
488:
192:
184:
114:
308:
374:
247:
1822:
1036:
929:, which consisted of a large square of pikemen with small, mobile squadrons of arquebusiers moving along its perimeter, as well as traditional men-at-arms. These three elements formed a mutually supportive combination of tactical roles: the arquebusiers harried the enemy line, the pikemen protected the arquebusiers from enemy cavalry charges, and the men-at-arms, typically armed with
584:
866:
626:(the German term for "skewer") on maneuvers and in combat; they also introduced marching to drums for this purpose. This meant that the pike blocks could rise to the attack, making them less passive and more aggressive formations, but sufficiently well trained that they could go on the defensive when attacked by cavalry. German soldiers known as
721:, the Swiss not only successfully resisted the attacks of enemy knights, as the relatively passive Scottish and Flemish infantry squares had done in the earlier Middle Ages, but also marched to the attack with great speed and in good formation, their attack columns steamrolling the Burgundian forces, sometimes with great massacre.
1027:
in the 1680s and 1690s. The plug bayonet did not replace the pike as it required a soldier surrender his ability to shoot or reload to fix it, but the socket bayonet solved that issue. The bayonet added a long blade of up to 60 cm (24 in) to the end of the musket, allowing the musket to act
955:
The percentage of men who were armed with firearms in Tercio-like formations steadily increased as firearms advanced in technology. This advance is believed to be the demise of cavalry when in fact it revived it. From the late 16th century and into the 17th century, smaller pike formations were used,
745:
was a polearm, closely related to the pike, which from the late 1400s and throughout the 16th century saw widespread use in the German-speaking world. It served as a multipurpose weapon for both infantry (in the manner of pikes) and light cavalry (in the manner of demi-lances). Characteristically, it
547:
ordered the pikes to be at least 10 feet long in Milan, equivalent to 4.35 m (14.3 ft) and their tips to be reinforced with iron strips to prevent enemies, given their length, from cutting or breaking them. A second decree of 1397 provided that half the infantry of the duchy were armed with
1268:
had an elite force of men armed with very long spears who seem to have fought in a manner identical to
European pikemen, despite the usual conception of his people's general disposition for individualistic dueling as their method of close combat. It is not known whether Kamehameha himself introduced
195:
First rank with pikes at "charge" (their points projecting forward from the formation front), second rank holding pikes at "port" (upward to avoid injuring front rank friendlies with their points). In real action first 3 – 4 ranks will hold their pikes at "charge", and those behind will hold weapons
211:
As long as it kept good order, such a formation could roll right over enemy infantry, but it did have weaknesses. The men were all moving forward facing in a single direction and could not turn quickly or efficiently to protect the vulnerable flanks or rear of the formation. Nor could they maintain
475:
These formations were essentially immune to the attacks of mounted men-at-arms as long as the knights obligingly threw themselves on the spear wall and the foot soldiers remained steady under the morale challenge of facing a cavalry charge, but the closely packed nature of pike formations rendered
511:
pikemen overwhelmed the infantry forces of the opposing
Habsburg/Burgundian army with a massive charge before wheeling over to strike and rout the Austro-Burgundian horsemen as well. At the same time however such aggressive action required considerable tactical cohesiveness or suitable terrain to
121:
The pike was a long weapon, varying considerably in size, from 3 to 7 m (9.8 to 23.0 ft) long. Generally, a spear becomes a pike when it is too long to be wielded with one hand in combat. It was approximately 2 to 6 kg (4.4 to 13.2 lb) in weight, with the 16th-century military
223:
According to Sir John Smythe, there were two ways for two opposing pike formations to confront one another: cautious or aggressive. The cautious approach involved fencing at the length of the pike, while the aggressive approach involved quickly closing distance, with each of the first five ranks
219:
As a result, such mobile pike formations sought to have supporting troops protect their flanks or would maneuver to smash the enemy before they could be outflanked themselves. There was also the risk that the formation would become disordered, leading to a confused melee in which pikemen had the
227:
Although primarily a military weapon, the pike could be surprisingly effective in single combat and a number of 16th-century sources explain how it was to be used in a dueling situation; fencers of the time often practiced with and competed against each other with long staves in place of pikes.
1072:
in 1700, Russian line infantry companies had 5 NCOs, 84 musketeers, and 18 pikemen, the musketeers initially being equipped with sword-like plug bayonets; they did not fully switch to socket bayonets until 1709. A Swedish company consisted of 82 musketeers, 48 pikemen, and 16 grenadiers. The
1063:
A common end date for the use of the pike in most infantry formations is 1700, such as the
Prussian and Austrian armies. Others, including the Swedish and Russian armies, continued to use the pike as an effective weapon for several more decades, until the 1720s and 1730s (the Swedes of King
138:
for the pole, which was tapered towards the point to prevent the pike from sagging on the ends, although drooping or slight flection of the shaft was always a problem in pike handling. It is a common mistake to refer to a bladed polearm as a pike; such weapons are more generally known as
1284:. However, these hand-held weapons never left the stores after the pikes had "generated an almost universal feeling of anger and disgust from the ranks of the Home Guard, demoralised the men and led to questions being asked in both Houses of Parliament". The pikes, made from obsolete
175:. In general, however, pikemen attempted to avoid such disorganized combat, in which they were at a disadvantage. To compound their difficulties in a melee, the pikeman often did not have a shield, or had only a small shield which would be of limited use in close-quarters fighting.
746:
featured a large, hollow-made and leaf-shaped head of about 50 cm (1.6 ft) or more, which was attached to a long and slender shaft. Apart from being used by soldiers in battle, a tassel fixed to the socket of the head together with optional further embellishment made the
162:
The great length of the pikes allowed a great concentration of spearheads to be presented to the enemy, with their wielders at a greater distance, but also made pikes unwieldy in close combat. This meant that pikemen had to be equipped with an additional, shorter weapon such as a
956:
invariably defending attached musketeers, often as a central block with two sub-units of shooters, called "sleeves of shot", on either side of the pikes. Although the cheaper and versatile infantry increasingly adopted firearms, cavalry's proportion in the army remained high.
872:
870:
867:
762:(English), both referring to some type of cavalry spear. Although rarely noticed, many of these weapons have survived to this day. Some pieces, of which many are said to have been used by the personal entourage of Henry VIII, are kept at the Royal Armouries in Leeds.
208:. However, better-trained troops were capable of using the pike in an aggressive attack with each rank of pikemen being trained to hold their pikes so that they presented enemy infantry with four or five layers of spearheads bristling from the front of the formation.
224:
giving a single powerful thrust. In the aggressive approach, the first rank would then immediately resort to swords and daggers if the thrusts from the first five ranks failed to break the opposing pike formation. Smythe considered the cautious approach laughable.
871:
323:
Although very long spears had been used since the dawn of organized warfare (notably illustrated in art showing
Sumerian and Minoan warriors and hunters), the earliest recorded use of a pike-like weapon in the tactical method described above involved the
937:, fought off enemy pikemen when two opposing squares made contact. The Tercio deployed smaller numbers of pikemen than the huge Swiss and Landsknecht columns, and their formation ultimately proved to be much more flexible on the battlefield.
472:. Both battles were seen by contemporaries as stunning victories of commoners over superbly equipped, mounted, military professionals, where victory was owed to the use of the pike and the brave resistance of the commoners who wielded them.
228:
George Silver considered the 5.5 metres (18 ft) pike one of the more advantageous weapons for single combat in the open, giving it odds over all weapons shorter than 2.4 metres (7.9 ft) or the sword and dagger/shield combination.
689:
again led to the employment of mercenary units across Europe in order to train other armies in their tactics. These two, and others who had adopted their tactics, faced off in several wars, leading to a series of developments as a result.
869:
836:
as cavalry battles became more important. Yari were spears of varying lengths; their straight blades usually had sharpened edges or protrusions from the central blade, and were fitted to a hollowed shaft with an extremely long tang.
831:
due to their greater reach. Naginata, first used around 750 AD, had curved sword-like blades on wooden shafts with often spiked metal counterweights. They were typically used with a slashing action and forced the introduction of
1108:, a type of shortened pike that typically had a pair of blades or lugs mounted to the head, was retained as a symbol by some NCOs; in practice it was probably more useful for gesturing and signaling than as a weapon for combat.
993:) English infantry battalions fighting in the Low Countries still had two musketeers to every pikemen and fought in the now traditional style of pikemen five ranks deep in the centre, with six ranks of musketeers on each side.
343:
recorded
Germanic tribesmen in the 2nd century AD as using "over-long spears". He consistently refers to the spears used by the Germans as being "massive" and "very long" suggesting that he is describing in essence a pike.
849:, pikes used were generally 4.5 to 6.5 m (15 to 21 ft) long, but sometimes up to 10 m (33 ft) in length. By this point, pikemen were becoming the main forces in armies. They formed lines, combined with
1195:(mostly landless peasants, like the Polish partisans before them) could be found carrying shortened pikes into battle. As the 19th century progressed, the obsolete pike would still find a use in such countries as
484:, were suffered by the militia pike armies when faced by cunning foes who employed their archers and crossbowmen to thin the ranks of the pike blocks before charging in with their (often dismounted) men-at-arms.
1077:
maintained a ratio of 2 muskets to 1 pike in the middle to late 17th century, officially abandoning the pike in 1699. The French, meanwhile, had a ratio of 3-4 muskets to 1 pike by 1689. Both sides of the
979:) he supplied regiments with equal numbers of musketeers and pikemen.} On the battlefield, the musketeers lacked protection against enemy cavalry, and the two types of foot soldier supported each other.
536:
in the later period was attributed to their extreme discipline and tactical unity due to semi-professional nature, allowing a pike block to somewhat alleviate the threat presented by flanking attacks.
671:
914:
In the aftermath of the
Italian Wars, from the late 15th century to the late 16th century, most European armies adopted the use of the pike, often in conjunction with primitive firearms such as the
126:
recommending lighter rather than heavier pikes. It had a wooden shaft with an iron or steel spearhead affixed. The shaft near the head was often reinforced with metal strips called "cheeks" or
1234:
planned to recruit twenty regiments of pikemen in 1862. In April 1862 it was authorised that every
Confederate infantry regiment would include two companies of pikemen, a plan supported by
868:
622:
solved the pike's earlier problems and brought a renaissance to pike warfare in the 15th century, establishing strong training regimens to ensure they were masters of handling the
339:
After the fall of the last successor of
Macedon, the pike largely fell out of use for the next 1,000 or so years. The one exception to this appears to have been in Germany, where
134:, getting longer in both shaft and head length to give one side's pikemen an edge in combat. The extreme length of such weapons required a strong wood such as well-seasoned
476:
them vulnerable to enemy archers and crossbowmen who could shoot them down with impunity, especially when the pikemen did not have adequate armor. Many defeats, such as at
187:
First rank with pikes at "charge for horse" static defensive posture, ready to draw swords if needed. Second rank holding their pikes at "charge" for delivering thrusts.
796:, and possibly the succeeding Han dynasty, who produced 5.5 m (18 ft) halberd and pike-like weapons, as well as 6.7 m (22 ft) long pikes during the
788:
came in various lengths, from 2.75 to 5.5 m (9.0 to 18.0 ft); the weapon consisted of a thrusting spear with a slashing blade appended to it. Dagger-axes and
1150:"pikemen" armed with these crude instruments played a pivotal role in securing a near impossible victory against a far larger and better equipped Russian army at the
728:
saw the first conflict in which both sides had large formations of well-trained pikemen. After that war, its combatants—the Swiss (thereafter generally serving as
1115:
in 1794, the pike reappeared as a child of necessity which became, for a short period, a surprisingly effective weapon on the battlefield. In this case, General
940:
Mixed formations of men quickly became the norm for
European infantrymen, with many, but not all, seeking to imitate the Tercio; in England, a combination of
967:(1646–1660) initially had two musketeers for each pikeman. Two musketeers for each pikeman was not the agreed mix used throughout Europe, and when in 1658,
1019:
a faster rate of fire than he before possessed, incentivizing a higher ratio of shot to pikes on the battlefield. It continued with development of the
641:
formation; their attempt to adopt the longer Continental pike was dropped for general use after its ineffective use led to humiliating defeat at the
1089:(1775–1783), pikes called "trench spears" made by local blacksmiths saw limited use until enough bayonets could be procured for general use by both
1241:
750:
an appropriate main weapon for princely bodyguards and courtly officials. There seems to be a close relation between the contemporary German term
503:(1297), for example, utilized the momentum of their charge to overrun an English army while the Englishmen were crossing a narrow bridge. At the
1008:
The mid-17th century to the early 18th century saw the decline of the pike in most European armies. This started with the proliferation of the
356:
as fighting in a tight, phalanx-like formation with spears jutting out over their shields. Caesar was probably describing an early form of the
1495:
Romanoni, Fabio (2023). "Balestrieri, pavesari e lance lunghe: la tripartizione funzionale delle cernite di Gian Galeazzo Visconti del 1397".
815:, the Japanese style of warfare was generally fast-moving and aggressive, with far shallower formations than their European equivalents. The
682:: holding a pike that had its weight in the lower 1/3 at the end with two hands), which was utilized in a more flexible attacking column.
2339:
1666:
Guthrie, William. "The Later Thirty Years War: From the Battle of Wittstock to the Treaty of Westphalia." Praeger, Feb. 2003. Page 33.
975:, sent a contingent of the New Model Army to Flanders to support his French allies under the terms of their treaty of friendship (the
216:. The huge block of men carrying such unwieldy spears could be difficult to maneuver in any way other than straightforward movement.
606:
559:(1386), where the dismounted Austrian vanguard, using their lances as pikes, had some initial success against their predominantly
1146:". These weaponized agricultural accouterments were then used in battle as both cutting weapons, as well as makeshift pikes. The
1675:
Reid, Stuart. "All The King's Armies: A Military History of the English Civil War: 1642-1651." Spellmount, July 2007. Chapter 1.
1618:
1538:
1506:
1421:
1220:
34:
A modern recreation of a mid-17th century company of pikemen. By that period, pikemen would primarily defend their unit's
1854:
1758:, originally published in 1920; University of Nebraska Press (reprint), 1990 (trans. J. Renfroe Walter). Volume III:
1720:
1355:
1347:
724:
The deep pike attack column remained the primary form of effective infantry combat for the next forty years, and the
499:
Medieval pike formations tended to have better success when they operated in an aggressive fashion. The Scots at the
421:
294:
123:
1238:. Many pikes were produced but were never used in battle and the plan to include pikemen in the army was abandoned.
403:
276:
2334:
1303:
563:-equipped Swiss adversaries. Dismounted Italian men-at-arms also used the same method to defeat the Swiss at the
808:
During the continuous European development of the pike, Japan experienced a parallel evolution of pole weapons.
1570:
Cromwell's Army – A history of the English soldier during the civil wars, the Commonwealth and the Protectorate
399:
395:
272:
268:
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516:. When these features were not available, militia often suffered costly failures, such as at the battles of
1351:
1320:
891:
774:
since the 5th century BC. Infantrymen used a variety of long polearm weapons, but the most popular was the
1789:
693:
These formations had great successes on the battlefield, starting with the astonishing victories of the
2324:
1079:
465:
1332:
200:
The pike, being unwieldy, was typically used in a deliberate, defensive manner, often alongside other
2329:
1767:
The Golden Spurs of Kortrijk: How the Knights of France Fell to the Foot Soldiers of Flanders in 1302
1587:
1216:
972:
500:
1447:
1498:"Castrum paene in mundo singulare". Scritti per Aldo Settia in occasione del novantesimo compleanno
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in the 1640s and 1650s preferred a ratio of 2 muskets to 1 pike, but this was not always possible.
517:
384:
257:
1051:
1638:
1158:
997:
521:
388:
261:
17:
1808:
Royal George: A Study of King George III, His Experiment in Monarchy, His Decline and Retirement
1657:
Gabriele Esposito. "Armies of the Great Northern War: 1700-1720." Osprey: 2019. Pages 10 and 16.
1309:
In Spain, beginning in 1715 and ending in 1977, there were night patrol guards in cities called
1847:
1826:
976:
544:
481:
468:
in 1302, before other troops in the Flemish formation counterattacked the stalled knights with
1306:
who attempted to defend the fiasco by stating that they were a "silent and effective weapon".
1151:
1112:
336:, and successive dynasties, which dominated warfare for several centuries in many countries.
1608:
904:
771:
457:
30:
2047:
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protect the vulnerable flanks of the pike formations especially from the attack of mounted
333:
55:
8:
1339:
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1116:
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Such Swiss and Landsknecht phalanxes also contained men armed with two-handed swords, or
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477:
329:
325:
99:
95:
91:
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were an extremely popular weapon in various kingdoms, especially for the Qin state and
710:
311:
130:. When the troops of opposing armies both carried the pike, it often grew in a sort of
529:
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Perhaps copying the nearby Swiss model, the pike had a certain diffusion also in the
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213:
75:
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One attempt to resurrect the pike as a primary infantry weapon occurred during the
1169:, the pike was useful mainly as a weapon by men and women fighting on foot against
1090:
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51:
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1354:, or by some of the infantry units on duty during their rotation as guard for the
736:, which would become in many ways the military proving ground of the Renaissance.
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2032:
1997:
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Civilian pikeman played a similar role, though outnumbered and outgunned, in the
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797:
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714:
706:
675:
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575:(1513), incidentally rendering the whole formation resistant to English archery.
443:
1000:
in 1706, the pike was typically 4.3 to 4.9 m (14 to 16 ft) in length.
551:
It was not uncommon for aggressive pike formations to be composed of dismounted
2228:
2117:
2012:
1794:
The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise of the West 1500–1800
1024:
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540:
1735:
1553:
1410:. Translated by Willard, S.; Southern, R.W. Boydell & Brewer. p. 151.
127:
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2238:
2158:
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1992:
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this tactic or if it was taken from the use of traditional Hawaiian weapons.
1235:
941:
694:
345:
201:
152:
83:
1685:
948:, and men-at-arms remained the norm, though this changed when the supply of
665:
who used similar tactics as the Swiss, but more pikes in the more difficult
650:
571:) were recorded as forming the leading ranks of Scottish pike blocks at the
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2007:
1942:
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732:) and their Landsknecht imitators—would often face each other again in the
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205:
1422:"Everything you ever wanted to know about Pikes but were afraid to ask..."
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cohesion over uneven ground, as the Scots discovered to their cost at the
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in particular using it to great effect until 1721). At the start of the
567:(1422). Equally, well-armored Scottish nobles (accompanied even by King
438:, the principal users of the pike were urban militia troops such as the
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Pikes live on today only in ceremonial roles, being used to carry the
1282:"every man must have a weapon of some kind, be it only a mace or pike"
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2198:
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1977:
1962:
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in order to defend themselves should the fighting degenerate into a
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was now so deadly that combat was often decided by shooting alone.
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in the last two years of the 14th century. In 1391, a decree by
74:. The pike was particularly well known as the primary weapon of
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2258:
2178:
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2122:
2097:
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1957:
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1821:
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Cambio della guardia al Quirinale – Infantry Passing out Parade
1408:
The Art of Warfare in the Western Europe during the Middle Ages
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The quintessential example of this development was the Spanish
900:
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Pikes and long halberds were in use in ancient China from the
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for close combat against both infantry and attacking cavalry.
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heated and straightened out into something resembling crude "
930:
446:. For example, the Scots used a spear formation known as the
172:
168:
47:
1313:
who carried a short pike of 1.5 m (4.9 ft) called
2293:
1947:
1832:
1607:
Chandler, David G.; Beckett, Ian Frederick William (2003).
1128:
820:
709:, in which the Swiss participated in 1476 and 1477. In the
508:
1588:"Royalist and Cromwellian 76Armies in Flanders, 1657–1662"
583:
1572:(1st ed.). London: Methuen & Co Ltd. p. 70.
1191:, at the beginning of the 19th century, even the Russian
949:
857:. Formations were generally only two or three rows deep.
464:
long spear to absorb the attack of French knights at the
1644:
The New World of Words; or, universal English dictionary
1501:(in Italian). Genova: Sagep Editori. pp. 214–216.
1219:
purchased a large number of pikes and brought them to
899:(1643) marked the end of the supremacy of the Spanish
1557:(Terracotta Army) Documentary Video (August 12, 2017)
1784:
A History of the Art of War in the Sixteenth Century
1245:
American petty officers reenact boarding pike drills
1134:
recruited straight from the wheat fields, had their
1180:on poles, were used by escaped convicts during the
685:The high military reputation of the Swiss and the
823:were more commonly used than swords for Japanese
2306:
1713:The Home Guard: A Military and Political History
1294:blades welded to a steel tube, took the name of
1280:acted on a letter from Winston Churchill saying
117:Re-enactment during the 2009 Escalade in Geneva.
1606:
989:used pikemen and by 1697 (the last year of the
1803:, New York: McClure, Phillips & Co., 1905.
1528:
1253:were also used on warships—typically to repel
1211:, generally in the hands of desperate peasant
630:later adopted Swiss methods of pike handling.
1848:
1522:
845:During the later half of the 16th century in
1715:. Oxford University Press. pp. 97–100.
1593:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
578:
66:formation, until it was largely replaced by
1039:An English pikeman (1668), with steel cap,
637:predominantly used shorter spears in their
402:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
275:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
50:formerly used in European warfare from the
1855:
1841:
1810:, D. Appleton-Century Company, Inc., 1937.
1405:
1161:four years later. Here, especially in the
922:, to form large pike and shot formations.
661:The Swiss were confronted with the German
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422:Learn how and when to remove this message
295:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1776:, 7(1), August 2005, pp. 10,12,13.
1613:. Oxford University Press. p. 65.
14:
2307:
1610:The Oxford History of the British Army
1472:
1257:parties, up to the late 19th century.
1003:
1836:
1678:
1582:
1567:
1466:
1215:who did not have access to firearms.
460:in 1314, and the Flemings used their
1801:Irish History and the Irish Question
1647:(6th ed.). London: J. Phillips.
1154:, which took place on 4 April 1794.
532:(1408). The constant success of the
442:or the peasant array of the lowland
400:adding citations to reliable sources
367:
273:adding citations to reliable sources
240:
1796:, Cambridge University Press, 1996.
1327:, a pikeman (16-17th century) from
24:
2340:Warfare of the early modern period
1786:. London: Methuen & Co., 1937.
1745:
1440:
803:
25:
2351:
1814:
1769:, Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2002.
1531:Der alte Schweizer und sein Krieg
1356:President of the Italian Republic
1348:Company of Pikemen and Musketeers
1249:Shorter versions of pikes called
840:
236:
220:vulnerabilities mentioned above.
1820:
1533:(in German). Frauenfeld: Huber.
1304:Under-Secretary of State for War
860:
778:, pike-like long spear, and the
765:
372:
245:
1729:
1669:
1660:
1651:
1529:Schaufelberger, Walter (1987).
880:with piekenier training at the
328:sarissa, used by the troops of
1547:
1488:
1414:
610:Pikemen exercising during the
452:in several battles during the
13:
1:
1392:
1232:Confederate States of America
1075:Army of the Holy Roman Empire
827:foot soldiers and dismounted
454:Wars of Scottish Independence
1862:
1352:Honourable Artillery Company
1176:Improvised pikes, made from
754:and the West European terms
491:Contemporary woodcut of the
7:
1365:
360:so popular in later times.
27:Long spear used by infantry
10:
2356:
1080:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
466:Battle of the Golden Spurs
316:
231:
178:
2146:
1870:
1756:History of the Art of War
1406:Verbruggen, J.F. (1997).
1276:weapon in 1942 after the
1272:The pike was issued as a
1221:his raid on Harpers Ferry
579:Renaissance Europe heyday
501:Battle of Stirling Bridge
108:
1711:MacKenzie, S.P. (1995).
952:on the island dwindled.
86:. A similar weapon, the
2335:Renaissance-era weapons
1473:Silver, George (1599).
1333:Međimurje County Museum
1119:, facing a shortage of
364:Medieval Europe revival
1475:"Paradoxes of Defense"
1346:regiment and with the
1335:
1246:
1159:1798 rising in Ireland
1060:
1048:
911:
888:
876:A re-enactment of the
679:
615:
603:
545:Gian Galeazzo Visconti
496:
314:
197:
188:
118:
39:
1568:Firth, C.H. (1972) .
1448:"On the Push of Pike"
1331:as an exhibit in the
1323:
1244:
1230:(1861–1865) when the
1182:Castle Hill rebellion
1054:
1038:
977:Treaty of Paris, 1657
905:Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau
894:
875:
784:. The dagger-axe and
772:Warring States period
609:
586:
490:
458:Battle of Bannockburn
310:
194:
186:
116:
33:
1829:at Wikimedia Commons
1111:As late as Poland's
396:improve this section
334:Philip II of Macedon
269:improve this section
46:is a long thrusting
1152:Battle of Racławice
1117:Thaddeus Kosciuszko
1113:Kościuszko Uprising
1087:American Revolution
1004:End of the pike era
798:war against Xiongnu
711:Battles of Grandson
330:Alexander the Great
96:Alexander the Great
90:, had been used in
56:early modern period
38:from enemy cavalry.
1772:McPeak, William.
1765:Fegley, Randall.
1692:. 7 September 1998
1336:
1274:British Home Guard
1247:
1228:American Civil War
1070:Great Northern War
1061:
1049:
1023:, followed by the
912:
889:
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594:pikemen fight at "
497:
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312:Macedonian phalanx
198:
189:
119:
40:
2325:Medieval polearms
2302:
2301:
1913:Bohemian earspoon
1825:Media related to
1799:Smith, Goldwyn.
1774:Military Heritage
1690:home-guard.org.uk
1686:"Home Guard Pike"
1620:978-0-19-280311-5
1596:. pp. 76–77.
1540:978-3-7193-0980-0
1508:979-12-5590-015-3
1454:. 21 October 2011
1173:armed with guns.
1163:Wexford Rebellion
1015:, which gave the
961:English Civil War
878:Thirty Years' War
873:
643:Battle of Flodden
573:Battle of Flodden
557:Battle of Sempach
534:Swiss mercenaries
493:Battle of Dornach
432:
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305:
304:
297:
214:Battle of Flodden
82:units and French
58:, and wielded by
16:(Redirected from
2347:
2330:European weapons
2274:Torimono sandĹŤgu
2078:Scottish halberd
1857:
1850:
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1806:Vullaimy, C. E.
1790:Parker, Geoffrey
1760:Medieval Warfare
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1428:on 9 August 2014
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1362:in Rome, Italy.
1300:Henry Page Croft
1127:to arm landless
1091:Continental Army
963:(1642–1651) the
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565:Battle of Arbedo
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969:Oliver Cromwell
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973:Lord Protector
971:, by then the
965:New Model Army
903:, painting by
862:
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847:Medieval Japan
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841:Medieval Japan
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2008:Lochaber axe
1923:Brogit staff
1807:
1800:
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1694:. Retrieved
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1639:Kersey, John
1629:
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1514:22 September
1512:. Retrieved
1497:
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1478:. Retrieved
1468:
1456:. Retrieved
1452:Art Military
1451:
1442:
1430:. Retrieved
1426:the original
1416:
1407:
1401:
1377:Push of pike
1337:
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1021:plug bayonet
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555:, as at the
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482:Halidon Hill
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394:Please help
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267:Please help
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62:deployed in
43:
41:
2184:Fangtian ji
2018:Man catcher
1918:Brandistock
1696:17 November
1584:Firth, C.H.
1458:17 November
1372:Pike square
1286:Lee–Enfield
1144:war scythes
1085:During the
1066:Charles XII
998:John Kersey
984:Restoration
959:During the
834:shin guards
794:Qin dynasty
730:mercenaries
726:Swabian War
663:Landsknecht
656:halberdiers
592:Landsknecht
553:men-at-arms
528:(1382) and
514:man-at-arms
436:Middle Ages
332:'s father,
80:Landsknecht
64:pike square
2309:Categories
2254:Sodegarami
2174:Dagger-axe
2133:Welsh hook
2128:War scythe
2108:Swordstaff
2088:Sparth axe
1908:Boar spear
1903:Bear spear
1393:References
1278:War Office
1260:The great
1217:John Brown
1102:Napoleonic
946:longbowmen
776:dagger-axe
651:Zweihänder
470:goedendags
358:shieldwall
326:Macedonian
196:at "port".
105:infantry.
100:Macedonian
70:-equipped
36:musketeers
2209:Kama-yari
2199:Hoko yari
2068:Rhomphaia
2023:Menaulion
1978:Half pike
1963:Goedendag
1878:Ahlspiess
1209:Australia
1184:of 1804.
1132:partisans
1104:era, the
1030:firepower
1017:musketeer
1010:flintlock
982:The post
885:star fort
882:Bourtange
752:Schefflin
748:Schefflin
742:Schefflin
672:‹See Tfd›
639:schiltron
526:Roosebeke
478:Roosebeke
449:schiltron
412:June 2012
383:does not
348:, in his
285:June 2012
256:does not
132:arms race
92:antiquity
78:, German
2320:Polearms
2279:Trishula
2244:Sasumata
2224:Naginata
2219:Nagamaki
2103:Spontoon
2038:Partisan
1968:Guisarme
1953:Fauchard
1933:Dane axe
1928:Corseque
1888:Bardiche
1871:European
1864:Polearms
1637:(1706).
1586:(1898).
1480:4 August
1432:4 August
1366:See also
1344:infantry
1262:Hawaiian
1255:boarding
1178:bayonets
1125:bayonets
1121:firearms
1106:spontoon
1041:corselet
935:javelins
916:arquebus
855:spearmen
825:ashigaru
817:naginata
756:javeline
703:Burgundy
697:against
569:James IV
524:(1328),
520:(1304),
507:(1339),
440:Flemings
354:Helvetii
149:ranseurs
141:halberds
2284:TsukubĹŤ
2194:Guandao
2189:Gichang
2169:Bisento
2113:Trident
2073:Sarissa
2063:Ranseur
2053:Pollaxe
1988:Javelin
1973:Halberd
1938:Doloire
1641:(ed.).
1358:at the
1350:of the
1340:colours
1329:Croatia
1325:Pikenir
1311:serenos
1292:bayonet
1197:Ireland
1193:militia
1171:cavalry
1165:and in
1148:peasant
1140:scythes
1136:sickles
1097:units.
1095:militia
1045:tassets
942:billmen
920:caliver
908:picture
901:Tercios
829:samurai
760:javelin
705:in the
561:halberd
548:pikes.
509:Bernese
434:In the
404:removed
389:sources
341:Tacitus
319:Sarissa
277:removed
262:sources
232:History
202:missile
179:Tactics
157:voulges
145:glaives
128:langets
122:writer
103:phalanx
88:sarissa
72:muskets
68:bayonet
18:Pikemen
2315:Spears
2264:Sumpit
2259:Sovnya
2179:Dangpa
2164:Barcha
2138:Xyston
2123:Voulge
2098:Spetum
2083:Sovnya
1998:Kontos
1958:Glaive
1883:Atgeir
1719:
1617:
1537:
1505:
1342:of an
1302:, the
1298:after
1213:rebels
1207:, and
1201:Russia
1167:Dublin
1043:, and
1013:musket
931:swords
927:tercio
717:, and
676:German
654:, and
624:Spiess
522:Cassel
462:geldon
165:dagger
109:Design
2289:Woldo
2269:Tabar
2249:Sibat
2239:Qiang
2234:Podao
2154:Arbir
2147:Asian
2093:Spear
2003:Lance
1983:Hasta
1827:Pikes
1387:Spear
1382:Lance
1315:chuzo
1289:rifle
1205:China
719:Nancy
715:Morat
635:Scots
620:Swiss
588:Swiss
530:Othee
444:Scots
173:melee
169:sword
155:, or
153:bills
48:spear
2294:Yari
2229:Ngao
2214:Kudi
2043:Pike
1948:Falx
1943:Dory
1898:Bill
1717:ISBN
1698:2017
1615:ISBN
1535:ISBN
1516:2023
1503:ISBN
1482:2014
1460:2017
1434:2014
1138:and
1129:serf
1123:and
933:and
918:and
895:The
853:and
821:yari
819:and
633:The
618:The
590:and
480:and
387:any
385:cite
260:any
258:cite
204:and
44:pike
1792:.
1754:.
950:yew
811:In
701:of
398:by
271:by
167:or
136:ash
98:'s
94:by
2311::
2204:Ji
1782:.
1688:.
1590:.
1450:.
1317:.
1223:.
1203:,
1199:,
1055:A
944:,
800:.
790:ji
786:ji
781:ji
713:,
678::
645:.
159:.
151:,
147:,
143:,
42:A
1856:e
1849:t
1842:v
1762:.
1725:.
1700:.
1623:.
1543:.
1518:.
1484:.
1462:.
1436:.
1047:.
910:.
887:.
669:(
614:.
602:.
495:.
425:)
419:(
414:)
410:(
406:.
392:.
298:)
292:(
287:)
283:(
279:.
265:.
20:)
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