528:
304:. The two men formed the North-Western Police Agency, later known as the Pinkerton Agency. Pinkerton used his skills in espionage to attract clients and begin growing the agency. Historian Frank Morn writes: "By the mid-1850s, a few businessmen saw the need for greater control over their employees; their solution was to sponsor a private detective system. In February 1855, Allan Pinkerton, after consulting with six midwestern railroads, created such an agency in Chicago." The Pinkerton Agency began to hire women and minorities shortly after its founding because they were useful as spies, a practice uncommon at the time.
400:
517:
317:
656:, a bank was robbed by George Collins, aka Fred Lewis, and Bill Randolph; Pinkerton Detective Chas Schumacher trailed them and was killed. Collins was hanged on March 26, 1904, and Randolph on May 8, 1905, in Union. Pinkertons were also hired to transport money and other high-quality merchandise between cities and towns, which made them vulnerable to outlaws. Pinkerton agents were usually well paid and well armed.
47:
264:. Tensions between the workers and strikebreakers erupted into violence, which led to the deaths of three Pinkerton agents and nine steelworkers. During the late nineteenth century, the Pinkertons were also hired as guards in coal, iron, and lumber disputes in Illinois, Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, and were involved in other strikes such as the
776:
Cannon had published a video on YouTube showing the contents of an order received ahead of the release date from a local game store. Pinkerton used intimidation and legal servings to force compliance. According to
Wizards of the Coast, this was done after several attempts had been made to contact the
728:. They demanded royalties for each copy of the game sold, or they would take legal action. Take-Two maintained that the Pinkerton name was strongly associated with the Wild West, and its use of the term did not infringe on the Pinkerton trademark. By April 2019, Securitas AB had withdrawn its claim.
699:
and the bolstering of detective branches and resources of the public police. With less of the labor and criminal investigation work on which
Pinkertons thrived for decades, the company became increasingly involved in protection services, and in the 1960s, even the word "detective" disappeared from
423:
However, as news leaked about the
Pinkertons' involvement in strikebreaking, lawmakers began pushing against government contracts with the Pinkertons. The Pinkertons reached their zenith in the 1870s and 80s, which saw them frequently engage in violent crackdowns against striking workers. The most
440:
in 1893, which severely curtailed the relationship between the federal government and the agency. The act states that "individuals employed by the
Pinkerton Detective Agency, or similar organization, may not be employed by the government of the United States or the government of the District of
562:
The strike, dubbed "The Battle of
Homestead" by local media, ignited a firestorm around the United States. Americans were outraged at the conduct of the Pinkertons and how strikers were treated. The Homestead Strike of 1892 is regarded as a turning point in American labor history and prompted
371:
was assigned and successfully delivered
Lincoln to the U.S. capital city through a series of disguises and related tactics that required her to stay awake throughout the entire long journey. As a result of the public notoriety of this success, the business adopted an open eye as its
419:
to form a sub-organization devoted to "the detection and prosecution of those guilty of violating federal law." The amount was insufficient to form an internal investigating unit, so they contracted out the services to the
Pinkerton National Detective Agency.
271:
During the 20th century, Pinkerton rebranded itself as a personal security and risk management firm. The company has continued to exist in various forms to the present day and is now a division of the
Swedish security company Securitas AB, operating as
742:
In 2020, Matthew
Dolloff, an unlicensed security guard contracted through Pinkerton, shot and killed Lee Keltner, a conservative protester, in Denver, Colorado. Dolloff had been contracted by Pinkerton to guard a camera crew working for
1524:, 434 U.S. 1035 (1978), held that "the purpose of the Act and the legislative history reveal that an organization was 'similar' to the Pinkerton Detective Agency only if it offered for hire mercenary, quasi-military forces as
747:. The camera crew had been assigned to cover rival political groups protesting in Denver. Keltner had told a cameraman to stop filming him; Dolloff then approached Keltner. Keltner slapped Dolloff before spraying him with
1793:
227:
Following the Civil War, the
Pinkertons began conducting operations against organized labor. During the labor strikes of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, businesses hired the Pinkerton Agency to
1893:
Starbucks, the subject of a federal investigation into union busting, is alleged to have hired a former CIA officer and Pinkerton employee to monitor unionizing employees, according to media reports.
711:(founded in 1910), a longtime Pinkerton rival, to create (as a division of the parent) Securitas Security Services USA. Today, the company's headquarters are located in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
1830:
348:
387:, which is tasked with serving current and former U.S. Presidents' security to this day. The official Secret Service was founded on July 5, 1865, less than three months after the
1516:
5 U.S. Code 3108; Public Law 89-554, 80 Stat. 416 (1966); ch. 208 (5th par. under "Public Buildings"), 27 Stat. 591 (1893). The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, in
1528:
and armed guards. It had the secondary effect of deterring any other organization from providing such services lest it be branded a 'similar organization.'" 557 F.2d at 462;
751:, and moments later as Dolloff shot Keltner. Dolloff was arrested, investigated for first-degree murder, and charged with second-degree murder. The charge was later dropped.
1906:
1779:
929:
551:-area mill and act as strikebreakers. This resulted in a firefight and siege in which 16 men were killed and 23 others were wounded. Following the confrontation, the
2122:
850:
2227:
376:
and the slogan, "We never sleep." Allan Pinkerton around this time also served in the "Secret Service" intelligence division of what was then known as the
2207:
1329:
2222:
563:
Congress to begin a crackdown on the Pinkertons. As a legacy of the Pinkertons' involvement, a bridge connecting the nearby Pittsburgh suburbs of
559:, mobilized state law enforcement and the National Guard. Private and government forces broke the strike, and workers returned to the steel mill.
2217:
2202:
708:
786:
700:
the agency's letterhead. The company now focuses on threat intelligence, risk management, executive protection, and active shooter response.
612:, Haywood and the other defendants of the WFM were acquitted in a nationally publicized trial. Orchard received a death sentence, but it was
531:
Frick's letter describing the plans and munitions that will be on the barges when the Pinkertons arrive to confront the strikers in Homestead
1187:
1062:
644:). On March 17, 1874, two Pinkerton detectives and a deputy sheriff, Edwin P. Daniels, encountered the Younger brothers (associates of the
1816:
695:
hearings in 1937, and the firm's criminal detection work also suffered from the police modernization movement, which saw the rise of the
1017:"Amazon is using union-busting Pinkerton spies to track warehouse workers and labor movements at the company, according to a new report"
220:
in 1861. Lincoln later hired Pinkerton agents to conduct espionage against the Confederacy and act as his personal security during the
17:
2192:
1159:
2242:
2197:
2187:
1304:
1875:
1533:
937:
731:
In 2020, they were hired by Amazon to spy on warehouse workers for signs of union activity. In 2022, it was reported that
2212:
416:
138:
consulting, investigations, employment screening, protective services, security, crisis management, intelligence services
1389:"From the Pinkertons to the PATRIOT Act: The Trajectory of Political Policing in the United States, 1870 to the Present"
1037:
801:
2112:
2064:
2048:
1736:
1712:
1687:
1662:
1278:
1236:
1210:
1099:
1016:
970:
962:
Death in the Haymarket: A Story of Chicago, the First Labor Movement, and the Bombing that Divided Gilded Age America
845:
552:
460:
229:
388:
328:
840:
696:
660:
493:
377:
2237:
1987:
356:
1580:
527:
2015:
1436:"Pinkerton's National Detective Agency and the Information Work of the Nineteenth-Century Surveillance State"
633:
572:
425:
265:
1555:
1958:
1765:
1363:
601:
384:
1959:"No statewide regulation of Colorado security guards creates patchwork of standards, lack of transparency"
1932:
1492:
894:
TM Becker (1974). "The place of private police in society: An area of research for the Social Sciences".
796:
437:
31:
1748:
432:, in 1892 that led to a national outcry against the Pinkerton Detective Agency. Following the strike,
2232:
498:
1631:
1907:"Security guard being investigated for 1st-degree murder after gunfire erupts near Denver protests"
868:
806:
2247:
1066:
828:
671:, a competitor to the Pinkerton agency. Thiel's agency operated in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.
613:
415:
In 1871, Congress appropriated $ 50,000 (about equivalent to $ 1,272,000 in 2023) to the new
645:
540:
463:, hired the agency to investigate the labor unions in the company's mines. A Pinkerton agent,
433:
261:
724:
692:
564:
1115:
1933:"Denver DA to drop murder charge against unlicensed security guard who shot man at protest"
837:, a leading private detective for the Pinkerton National Detective Agency from 1888 to 1911
811:
764:
755:
719:
568:
399:
179:
1435:
1133:
8:
2146:
A Cowboy Detective: A True Story of Twenty-Two Years with a World-Famous Detective Agency
2144:
1355:
834:
817:
791:
183:
109:
2083:
2058:
2016:"Magic publishers sent Pinkerton agents to a YouTuber's house to retrieve leaked cards"
1651:
1473:
1416:
1408:
987:
911:
600:
of Idaho in 1905. Orchard testified (unsuccessfully), under threat of hanging, against
556:
488:
479:
221:
1988:"Magic: The Gathering YouTuber Says Pinkertons Threatened Him With $ 200k Fines, Jail"
2108:
2044:
1821:
1784:
1732:
1708:
1683:
1658:
1477:
1465:
1420:
1310:
1300:
1274:
1232:
1206:
1200:
1116:
Krause, Paul; Krause, Paul; Paul Avrich Collection (Library of Congress) DLC (1992).
1095:
1089:
966:
960:
597:
584:
535:
On July 6, 1892, during the Homestead Strike, 300 Pinkerton agents from New York and
456:
1117:
707:, a Swedish security company, for $ 384 million, followed by the acquisition of the
1753:
1455:
1447:
1400:
903:
822:
715:
691:. Pinkertons diversified from labor spying following revelations publicized by the
605:
544:
521:
511:
475:
of mainly Irish-American coal miners, leading to the downfall of the organization.
429:
364:
253:
245:
516:
2140:
2079:
1854:
Katie Halper: Starbucks Hires Ex-Pinkerton, CIA Officer To Wokeify Union-Busting
1541:
930:"Pinkerton Government Services, Inc.: Private Company Information – Businessweek"
864:
855:
653:
609:
593:
483:
464:
360:
297:
257:
217:
186:
135:
99:
2102:
1880:
1705:
The Eye That Never Sleeps: A History of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency
1680:
The Eye That Never Sleeps: A History of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency
1384:
1271:
The Eye That Never Sleeps: A History of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency
472:
468:
450:
213:
202:
182:
agency established around 1850 in the United States by Scottish-born American
175:
143:
1852:
355:
Among the business's early operations was to safely deliver the newly elected
2181:
1826:
1789:
1525:
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1314:
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688:
637:
589:
408:
404:
249:
233:
201:. At the height of its power from the 1870s to the 1890s, it was the largest
383:
These actions preceded and laid the groundwork for the establishment of the
704:
649:
641:
206:
148:
1780:"Rockstar threatened with legal action over Red Dead 2's Pinkerton agents"
1404:
680:
625:
301:
237:
1412:
1388:
316:
2127:
The Six-Shooter State: Public and Private Violence in American Politics
831:, American labor leader; lynched in 1917, allegedly by Pinkerton agents
748:
548:
368:
241:
57:
1460:
915:
687:
continues to be associated by labor organizers and union members with
300:, a Scottish immigrant, met Chicago attorney Edward Rucker in a local
1122:. Internet Archive. Pittsburgh : University of Pittsburgh Press.
744:
732:
664:
629:
424:
notable example of this was the involvement of the Pinkertons in the
2134:
Inventing the Pinkertons; or, Spies, Sleuths, Mercenaries, and Thugs
1876:"County records show Fletcher's Pinkerton security detail cost $ 2M"
1451:
814:, a Pinkerton-supervised former private police force in Pennsylvania
907:
769:
668:
113:
79:
592:
was arrested by the Idaho police and confessed to Pinkerton agent
1330:"How a detective used a disguise to save the life of a president"
1297:
Lincoln's spymaster: Allan Pinkerton, America's first private eye
1119:
The battle for Homestead, 1880–1892: politics, culture, and steel
1091:
The Battle for Homestead, 1890–1892: Politics, Culture, and Steel
608:, naming him as having hired the hit. With a stirring defense by
536:
347:
75:
46:
2041:
Active Shooter: Preparing for and Responding to a Growing Threat
1729:
Active Shooter: Preparing for and Responding to a Growing Threat
492:(1914–1915). A Pinkerton agent also appears in a small role in "
1992:
1808:
520:
Pinkerton men leaving a barge after their surrender during the
1134:"This Infamous Anti-Labor Company Is Still Targeting Workers"
2170:
205:
in the world. It is currently a subsidiary of Swedish-based
2104:
Cloak and Dollar: A History of American Secret Intelligence
1682:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 188–189.
1653:
Call in Pinkerton's: American Detectives at Work for Canada
659:
George Thiel, a former Pinkerton employee, established the
373:
367:, in light of an assassination threat. Pinkerton detective
212:
Pinkerton became famous when he claimed to have foiled the
1817:"Take-Two, Rockstar dismiss complaint against Pinkerton"
722:
over the use of the Pinkerton name and badge imagery in
436:
took swift action against the Pinkertons and passed the
160:
1771:
735:
had hired a former Pinkerton employee as part of their
1707:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 192.
851:
List of worker deaths in United States labor disputes
624:
Pinkerton agents were hired to track western outlaws
2136:
Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press.
1252:
307:
27:
American private security guard and detective agency
467:, using the alias "James McKenna," infiltrated the
248:, Pinkerton agents were called in to reinforce the
1650:
2129:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
1619:Roughneck: The Life and Times of Big Bill Haywood
1606:Roughneck: The Life and Times of Big Bill Haywood
30:"Pinkertons" redirects here. For other uses, see
2179:
1199:Foner, Eric; Garraty, John Arthur, eds. (1991).
286:Securitas Critical Infrastructure Services, Inc.
1536:GAO Decision B-298370; B-298490, Brian X. Scott
578:
274:Pinkerton Consulting & Investigations, Inc.
2100:
1288:
2123:"Pinkertons and Police in Antebellum Chicago"
1014:
787:Anti-union organizations in the United States
394:
1904:
1253:Horan, James David; Howard Swiggett (1951).
1198:
1065:. Public Broadcasting System. Archived from
430:the confrontation in Homestead, Pennsylvania
2228:Labor-related violence in the United States
2038:
758:hired Pinkerton to seize products from the
2208:American subsidiaries of foreign companies
1202:The Reader's Companion to American History
652:, and one Pinkerton agent were killed. In
619:
189:and Chicago attorney Edward Rucker as the
1981:
1979:
1956:
1930:
1814:
1777:
1621:, W.W. Norton & Company, 1983, p. 140
1608:, W.W. Norton & Company, 1983, p. 90
1490:
1459:
1383:
1273:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
1192:
893:
777:individual in private, with no response.
2223:Anti-union violence in the United States
2078:
1873:
1648:
1433:
1327:
1226:
1220:
714:In December 2018, Securitas AB issued a
526:
515:
398:
346:
2139:
1778:Handrahan, Matthew (January 15, 2019).
825:, author and former Pinkerton operative
14:
2218:Companies based in Ann Arbor, Michigan
2203:American companies established in 1850
2180:
2039:Doss, Kevin; Shepard, Charles (2015).
1976:
1741:
1294:
1087:
2043:. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann.
1985:
1957:Schmelzer, Elise (October 18, 2020).
1815:Valentine, Rebekah (April 11, 2019).
1796:from the original on January 15, 2019
1636:The Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP)
958:
596:that he assassinated former Governor
502:, was loosely based on the incident.
496:," a 1911 Holmes story. A 1970 film,
2013:
1727:Kevin Doss, Charles Shepard (2015),
1702:
1677:
1268:
1262:
1032:
1030:
1010:
1008:
952:
311:
203:private law enforcement organization
1931:Schmelzer, Elise (March 10, 2022).
1833:from the original on April 11, 2019
762:card set for the trading card game
760:March of the Machine: The Aftermath
703:In 1999, the company was bought by
505:
278:Pinkerton Corporate Risk Management
199:Pinkerton National Detective Agency
24:
1905:D'Angelo, Bob (October 11, 2020).
1749:"The Pinkertons Still Never Sleep"
1518:U.S. ex rel. Weinberger v. Equifax
1229:American Frontier Lawmen 1850–1930
1094:. University of Pittsburgh Press.
867:, Pinkerton agent who served as a
244:to intimidate workers. During the
25:
2259:
2162:
1874:Puterski, Steve (April 4, 2023).
1632:"Deputy Sheriff Edwin P. Daniels"
1377:
1027:
1005:
846:Labor spying in the United States
709:William J. Burns Detective Agency
461:Philadelphia and Reading Railroad
444:
308:Forerunners to the Secret Service
2014:Hall, Charlie (April 24, 2023).
1649:Williams, David Ricardo (1998).
1520:, 557 F.2d 456 (5th Cir. 1977),
389:assassination of Abraham Lincoln
315:
45:
2193:1850 establishments in Illinois
2149:. Chicago: W. B. Conkey Company
2101:Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri (2003).
2007:
1950:
1924:
1898:
1867:
1845:
1759:
1721:
1696:
1671:
1642:
1624:
1611:
1598:
1573:
1548:
1510:
1484:
1427:
1348:
1321:
1246:
1181:
1152:
1126:
841:Industrial Workers of the World
697:Federal Bureau of Investigation
661:Thiel Detective Service Company
494:The Adventure of the Red Circle
284:division, PGS, now operates as
216:to assassinate President-elect
1986:Jiang, Sisi (April 25, 2023).
1747:Jones, Sarah (March 23, 2018)
1299:. New York: Scholastic Press.
1109:
1081:
1055:
1038:"The Strike at Homestead Mill"
988:"Today in History – August 25"
980:
922:
887:
802:Baldwin–Felts Detective Agency
357:President of the United States
256:, who was acting on behalf of
240:out of factories, and recruit
13:
1:
2243:Private intelligence agencies
2198:1999 mergers and acquisitions
2063:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1356:"Those Other Secret Services"
875:
718:notice to video game company
674:
426:Great Railroad Strike of 1877
282:Pinkerton Government Services
266:Great Railroad Strike of 1877
85:
2188:Pinkerton (detective agency)
2088:. New York: Wilshire Book Co
1364:United States Secret Service
1227:Robinson, Charles M (2005).
602:Western Federation of Miners
579:Steunenberg murder and trial
385:United States Secret Service
7:
780:
191:North-Western Police Agency
67:Private security contractor
10:
2264:
2213:Companies based in Chicago
1731:, Oxford, United Kingdom.
1657:. Toronto: Dundurn Press.
1205:. Houghton Mifflin Books.
1063:"Strike at Homestead Mill"
934:investing.businessweek.com
797:Anti-Pinkerton Act of 1893
679:Due to its conflicts with
582:
573:Pinkerton's Landing Bridge
509:
448:
395:U.S. government contractor
291:
252:measures of industrialist
32:Pinkerton (disambiguation)
29:
18:Pinkerton Detective Agency
2107:. Yale University Press.
2085:The Pinkerton's Labor Spy
1556:"The Battle of Homestead"
1491:Antkowiak, Bruce (2011).
1440:Information & Culture
1393:The New Centennial Review
1295:Seiple, Samantha (2015).
871:in the American Civil War
155:
142:
130:
120:
105:
95:
71:
63:
53:
44:
807:Battle of Blair Mountain
553:Governor of Pennsylvania
459:, then president of the
403:Pinkerton guards escort
246:Homestead Strike of 1892
2132:O'Hara, S. Paul (2016)
2121:Obert, Jonathan (2018)
1581:"1892 Homestead Strike"
1493:"The Pinkerton Problem"
1434:Bilansky, Alan (2018).
620:Outlaws and competition
1015:Katie Canales (2020).
532:
524:
478:The incident inspired
412:
352:
232:, supply guards, keep
2238:Private investigators
1405:10.1353/ncr.2004.0016
1231:. Osprey Publishing.
1088:Krause, Paul (1992).
959:Green, James (2006).
725:Red Dead Redemption 2
693:La Follette Committee
530:
519:
417:Department of Justice
402:
351:"We Never Sleep" logo
350:
193:, which later became
134:Security management,
91:; 174 years ago)
1703:Morn, Frank (1982).
1678:Morn, Frank (1982).
1269:Morn, Frank (1982).
812:Coal and Iron Police
765:Magic: The Gathering
756:Wizards of the Coast
720:Take-Two Interactive
276:, doing business as
2141:Siringo, Charles A.
1766:About Securitas USA
1334:Under the Influence
1255:The Pinkerton Story
992:Library of Congress
860:Pinkerton Labor Spy
835:George S. Dougherty
818:Colorado Labor Wars
792:Anti-union violence
378:U.S. War Department
195:Pinkerton & Co.
41:
1140:. December 3, 2020
965:. Pantheon Books.
646:James–Younger Gang
557:Robert E. Pattison
539:were called in by
533:
525:
499:The Molly Maguires
489:The Valley of Fear
480:Arthur Conan Doyle
438:Anti-Pinkerton Act
428:. However, it was
413:
353:
327:. You can help by
222:American Civil War
39:
1822:GamesIndustry.biz
1785:GamesIndustry.biz
1544:on March 4, 2016.
1360:secretservice.gov
1328:O'Reilly, Terry.
1306:978-0-545-70901-9
598:Frank Steunenberg
585:Frank Steunenberg
471:, a 19th-century
457:Franklin B. Gowen
345:
344:
230:infiltrate unions
169:
168:
16:(Redirected from
2255:
2233:Labor detectives
2174:
2173:
2171:Official website
2158:
2156:
2154:
2118:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2080:Friedman, Morris
2068:
2062:
2054:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1983:
1974:
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1971:
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1943:
1928:
1922:
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1917:
1902:
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1840:
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1812:
1806:
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1803:
1801:
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1763:
1757:
1754:The New Republic
1745:
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1718:
1700:
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1591:
1577:
1571:
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1568:
1566:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1540:. Archived from
1538:(Aug. 18, 2006)"
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1488:
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1463:
1431:
1425:
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1381:
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1123:
1113:
1107:
1105:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1069:on April 8, 2000
1059:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1034:
1025:
1024:
1021:Business Insider
1012:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
984:
978:
976:
956:
950:
949:
947:
945:
940:on July 28, 2013
936:. Archived from
926:
920:
919:
891:
823:Dashiell Hammett
716:cease and desist
606:Big Bill Haywood
604:(WFM) president
545:Henry Clay Frick
522:Homestead Strike
512:Homestead strike
506:Homestead strike
365:Washington, D.C.
340:
337:
319:
312:
254:Henry Clay Frick
197:and finally the
165:
162:
90:
87:
49:
42:
38:
21:
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2089:
2073:Further reading
2056:
2055:
2051:
2035:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2012:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1984:
1977:
1967:
1965:
1963:The Denver Post
1955:
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1941:
1939:
1937:The Denver Post
1929:
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1915:
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1604:Peter Carlson,
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1560:Rivers of Steel
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1387:(Spring 2004).
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896:Social Problems
892:
888:
878:
865:Timothy Webster
856:Morris Friedman
783:
677:
654:Union, Missouri
622:
610:Clarence Darrow
594:James McParland
587:
581:
547:to protect the
514:
508:
484:Sherlock Holmes
465:James McParland
453:
447:
397:
361:Abraham Lincoln
341:
335:
332:
325:needs expansion
310:
298:Allan Pinkerton
294:
258:Andrew Carnegie
218:Abraham Lincoln
187:Allan Pinkerton
159:
136:risk management
123:
100:Allan Pinkerton
88:
83:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2261:
2251:
2250:
2248:Strikebreakers
2245:
2240:
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2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
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2200:
2195:
2190:
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2164:
2163:External links
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2113:
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2033:
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2006:
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1949:
1923:
1897:
1881:The Coast News
1866:
1844:
1807:
1770:
1768:(company site)
1758:
1740:
1720:
1713:
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1526:strikebreakers
1509:
1497:heinonline.org
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689:strikebreaking
676:
673:
621:
618:
583:Main article:
580:
577:
541:Carnegie Steel
510:Main article:
507:
504:
473:secret society
469:Molly Maguires
455:In the 1870s,
451:Molly Maguires
449:Main article:
446:
445:Molly Maguires
443:
405:strikebreakers
396:
393:
343:
342:
322:
320:
309:
306:
296:In the 1850s,
293:
290:
262:Carnegie Steel
260:, the head of
250:strikebreaking
236:and suspected
214:Baltimore Plot
176:security guard
167:
166:
157:
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151:(1999–present)
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737:union busting
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638:Butch Cassidy
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339:
330:
326:
323:This section
321:
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305:
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299:
289:
287:
283:
280:. The former
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185:
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177:
174:is a private
173:
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2145:
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2019:
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1991:
1966:. Retrieved
1962:
1952:
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1936:
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1910:
1900:
1892:
1885:. Retrieved
1879:
1869:
1858:, retrieved
1853:
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1820:
1810:
1798:. Retrieved
1783:
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1752:
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1626:
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1588:. Retrieved
1584:
1575:
1563:. Retrieved
1559:
1550:
1542:the original
1535:
1529:
1522:cert. denied
1521:
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1500:. Retrieved
1496:
1486:
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1443:
1439:
1429:
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1359:
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1338:. Retrieved
1333:
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1166:
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1137:
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1067:the original
1057:
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1041:
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991:
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938:the original
933:
924:
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889:
880:
879:
859:
858:, author of
829:Frank Little
773:
763:
759:
753:
741:
730:
723:
713:
705:Securitas AB
702:
684:
681:labor unions
678:
658:
650:John Younger
648:); Daniels,
642:Sundance Kid
623:
588:
561:
534:
497:
487:
477:
454:
422:
414:
382:
354:
333:
329:adding to it
324:
302:Masonic Hall
295:
285:
281:
277:
273:
270:
226:
211:
207:Securitas AB
198:
194:
190:
171:
170:
149:Securitas AB
106:Headquarters
54:Company type
36:
1399:(1): 1–72.
1340:January 22,
1173:February 9,
1160:"Press Kit"
1042:www.pbs.org
683:, the word
636:(including
626:Jesse James
441:Columbia."
242:goon squads
122:Area served
89: 1850
2182:Categories
1585:aflcio.org
1461:2142/97810
1167:Justia Law
1138:Teen Vogue
876:References
749:bear spray
675:Modern era
634:Wild Bunch
632:, and the
571:was named
549:Pittsburgh
369:Kate Warne
58:Subsidiary
2059:cite book
2025:April 25,
1968:March 10,
1942:March 10,
1916:March 10,
1837:April 11,
1590:April 28,
1565:April 28,
1502:April 21,
1478:159007191
1470:2164-8034
1421:145098109
1369:April 28,
1315:922643750
1257:. Putnam.
1106:pp. 20–21
1047:April 20,
997:April 21,
869:Union spy
754:In 2023,
739:efforts.
733:Starbucks
685:Pinkerton
665:St. Louis
630:Reno Gang
336:June 2023
238:unionists
180:detective
172:Pinkerton
161:pinkerton
126:Worldwide
110:Ann Arbor
40:Pinkerton
2143:(1912).
2082:(1907).
1831:Archived
1800:June 23,
1794:Archived
1530:see also
1413:41949420
1188:LinkedIn
1073:June 27,
781:See also
770:YouTuber
669:Missouri
640:and the
614:commuted
434:Congress
234:strikers
131:Services
114:Michigan
80:Illinois
64:Industry
2153:July 8,
2092:July 8,
2020:Polygon
565:Munhall
537:Chicago
292:Origins
156:Website
96:Founder
76:Chicago
72:Founded
2111:
2047:
1999:May 8,
1993:Kotaku
1887:May 7,
1735:
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1686:
1661:
1476:
1468:
1419:
1411:
1313:
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1277:
1259:p. 202
1235:
1217:p. 842
1209:
1169:. 2018
1098:
969:
916:799910
914:
628:, the
569:Rankin
486:novel
411:, 1884
184:cooper
144:Parent
116:, U.S.
82:, U.S.
1911:KIRO7
1474:S2CID
1417:S2CID
1409:JSTOR
1336:. CBC
1285:p. 18
1243:p. 63
1163:(PDF)
977:p. 43
912:JSTOR
881:Notes
768:from
745:9News
363:, to
2155:2009
2109:ISBN
2094:2009
2065:link
2045:ISBN
2027:2023
2001:2023
1970:2023
1944:2023
1918:2023
1889:2024
1862:2022
1839:2019
1802:2021
1733:ISBN
1709:ISBN
1684:ISBN
1659:ISBN
1592:2022
1567:2022
1504:2022
1466:ISSN
1371:2023
1342:2021
1311:OCLC
1301:ISBN
1275:ISBN
1233:ISBN
1207:ISBN
1175:2021
1146:2022
1096:ISBN
1075:2015
1049:2022
999:2022
967:ISBN
946:2012
567:and
374:logo
178:and
163:.com
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1972:.
1946:.
1920:.
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334:(
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