662:
651:
403:
129:
32:
255:'s wife and the People's Commissar of State for Education) was one of the main contributors to the cause of the Pioneer movement. In 1922, she wrote an essay called "Russian Union of the Communist Youth and boy-Scoutism." However, it was the remaining scoutmasters themselves who supported the Komsomol and the Red Army, who introduced the name "Pioneer" to it and convinced the Komsomol to adapt the Scout symbols and rituals.
194:
1541:
1237:
295:
But there are some distinct differences between the two movements. Most notably, the Scout movement is independent of government control and political parties. In contrast, the
Pioneer movement is controlled by the Communist Party and includes teaching of
1115:
307:
Pioneer movements have existed and still exist in countries where the
Communist Party is in power as well as in some countries where the Communist Party is in opposition, if the party is large enough to support a children's organization. In
1457:
528:
312:, membership of the pioneer movement is officially optional. However, membership provides many benefits, so the vast majority of children typically join the movement (although at different ages). During the existence of the
803:(in which Fadjar Harapan was forcefully merged into) was originally intended to be a nonpartisan Pioneer movement (an atypical example of a major Pioneer movement outside a communist country) and it acted as such until the
777:
706: – these were the youngest children, which later became pioneers. The difference between the two was the distinctive scarf, which was sky-blue in the chavdarcheta movement and red in the pioneri movement.
736:
991:
236:) decided to eradicate the Scout movement and create an organization of the communist type, that would take Soviet children and adolescents under its umbrella. This organization would resemble the
740:
1352:
489:
165:
508:
1430:
1332:
1242:
273:
The
Pioneer movement was modeled in many aspects on the Scout movement. The two movements share some principles like preparedness and promotion of sports and outdoor skills. The motto
1505:
956:
292: – typically red, but sometimes light blue – is the traditional item of clothing worn by a pioneer. This tradition was adapted from the Scout uniform.
786:
434:
430:
1462:
1517:
623:
1447:
699:
666:
163:. Prior to the 1990s there was a wide cooperation between pioneer and similar movements of about 30 countries, coordinated by the international organization,
1161:
1523:
1410:
754:
331:
A national pioneer organization is often named after a famous party member that is considered a suitable role model for young communists, such as
744:
577:
159:. Typically children enter into the organization in elementary school and continue until adolescence. The adolescents then typically join the
1380:
677:
480:
198:
132:
1400:
852:
1536:
259:
1084:
1269:
642:
The communist parties in Russia and other countries continue to run a pioneer organization, but membership tends to be quite limited.
1634:
1424:
686:
639:
Older children could continue in other communist organizations, but that would typically be done only by a limited number of people.
568:
518:
344:
1528:
1435:
868:(1961–1974) non-communist youth paramilitary group, one of several set up in post independence Africa, funded by and modeled on the
1488:
920:
709:
1357:
838:
604:
1312:
632:
96:
1390:
768:
1053:
68:
504:
1639:
1322:
470:
1342:
421:
1217:
75:
975:
758:
987:
1185:
1030:
728:
443:
244:
115:
49:
1588:
1451:
1232:
695:
352:
140:
82:
1484:
924:
782:
750:
655:
1135:မောင်ကြီးလှ; ပန်းချီကိုဇော်ဝင်း (October 1984). "တို့တေဇလူငယ်" [Our Teiza Lu-nge / Our Glorious Youth].
905:
819: – like Indonesia, this is atypical as Malawi was not a communist country. Its Pioneers were linked to the
713:
1441:
1404:
1262:
901:
848:
376:
182:
53:
1150:
1478:
1296:
1122:
Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ ʾa myui ̋sā ̋moʻ kvanʻ ̋(1975): myakʻ mhokʻ kāla Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ mhatʻ tamʻ ̋, Volume 1
1000:
911:
457:
64:
661:
1583:
995:
1067:
1468:
1201:
1302:
882:
586:
558:
554:
545:
532:
407:
324:
were built exclusively for Young
Pioneers, which were free of charge, sponsored by the government and
1624:
1255:
938:
800:
1629:
981:
452:
20:
1292:
896:
461:
232:. Between 1918 and 1920, the All-Russian Congresses of the Russian Union of the Communist Youth (
42:
1092:
970:
861:
328:. There were many newspapers and magazines published for Young Pioneers in millions of copies.
160:
394:
is a state-sponsored effort to initiate a follow-up of the pioneer movement in modern Russia.
89:
1603:
1593:
830:
820:
816:
804:
391:
285:
1160:
650:
1474:
915:
321:
19:
This article is about the organizations operated by communist parties. For other uses, see
372:
8:
541:
1243:
7 common character types from movies about pioneers. Source: Russia Beyond the
Headlines
951:
317:
248:
152:
136:
1598:
1511:
1420:
1181:
1049:
1026:
690:
213:
1549:
364:
267:
507:
is a non-political organisation organizing leisure time for children, part of the
1578:
1572:
1071:
356:
348:
309:
170:
156:
1222:
842:
284:
A member of the movement is known as a
Pioneer, with the name stemming from the
1414:
1046:
Lenins Kinder: Zur
Genealogie der Pfadfinder und Pioniere in Russland 1908–1924
886:
795:
500:
402:
332:
301:
252:
202:
128:
1618:
934:
823:, the only political party allowed in what was at the time a one-party state.
721:
1394:
1384:
878:
773:
764:
673:
368:
336:
325:
313:
263:
262:
in 1922. Later, similar organizations were founded in the countries of the
1306:
613:
537:
380:
340:
278:
217:
1117:မြန်မာနိုင်ငံအမျိုးသားမော်ကွန်း(၁၉၇၅) မျက်မှောက်ကာလမြန်မာနိုင်ငံမှတ်တမ်း
1238:
Reproduction of a US Young
Pioneer leaflet form the Library of Congress
619:
225:
1139:(in Burmese). Myawaddy Publishing, Ministry of Information. p. 5.
1566:
1227:
791:
297:
289:
240:
in its form but properly educate children with
Communist teachings.
31:
1247:
1155:
1064:
964:
732:
681:
550:
237:
233:
229:
221:
178:
1363:
1316:
957:
International Falcon
Movement - Socialist Education International
628:
591:
582:
573:
485:
448:
439:
426:
384:
166:
International Committee of Children's and Adolescents' Movements
1346:
892:
869:
812:
564:
524:
476:
417:
193:
175:
Comité international des mouvements d'enfants et d'adolescents
1134:
872:
857:
609:
600:
1336:
1326:
826:
514:
466:
397:
360:
1458:
Scouting Organization of the Association of Polish Youth
1085:"Young Pioneers honoured on Brigade's 65th anniversary"
16:
Organization for children operated by a communist party
837:(1960–?), Socialist youth brigades established by the
300:. Opponents of Communism claim that this is a form of
413:
The Pioneer movement now exists in these countries:
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
807:turned it into a mainstream Scouting organization.
1411:Pioneer Organization of the Socialist Youth Union
778:Junge Pioniere- Sozialistische Kinderorganisation
755:Pioneer Organization of the Socialist Youth Union
1616:
1448:Dimitrovist Pioneer Organization "Septemberists"
700:Dimitrovist Pioneer Organization "Septemberists"
667:Dimitrovist Pioneer Organization "Septemberists"
645:
529:Pioneers Association "Vicente Lombardo Toledano"
177:, CIMEA), founded in 1958, with headquarters in
745:Kampuchean United Front for National Salvation
578:Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova
258:The first Pioneer organization was founded in
1381:Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization
1263:
1137:၁၉၈၄ခုနှစ် အောက်တိုဘာလ တေဇ ရုပ်စုံ အထူးထုတ်
678:Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization
277:was adapted by the pioneer movement from the
1233:Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union (Vietnam)
1180:. Boston & Folkestone: Scarecrow Press.
1178:Historical Dictionary of the Niger (3rd ed.)
596:Mouvement Nationale des Pionniers Senegalese
1228:Young Pioneers (People's Republic of China)
517:: the Young Pioneers in Laos are under the
1401:Sükhbaatar Mongolian Pioneers Organization
1270:
1256:
853:Sükhbaatar Mongolian Pioneers Organization
737:Kampuchean Revolutionary Youth Association
444:Belarusian Republican Pioneer Organization
1169:
682:All-Union Leninist Young Communist League
569:Communist Party of the Russian Federation
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1124:] (in Burmese). Pugaṃ Cā ʼupʻ tuikʻ.
921:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
710:Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma
702:. There was also an organization called
660:
649:
401:
398:Countries with current Pioneer movements
192:
127:
1113:
605:Communist Party of the Basque Homelands
216:from 1917 to 1921, most of the Russian
1617:
1313:Ho Chi Minh Young Pioneer Organization
1175:
1077:
908:, a mixture of Scouting and pioneering
741:Kampuchean Young Pioneers Organization
687:Socialist People's Republic of Albania
633:Ho Chi Minh Young Pioneer Organization
519:Lao People's Revolutionary Youth Union
1251:
1021:Lewis Stegelbaum and Andrei Sokolov,
889:and the Council of Popular Salvation.
735:between 1979 and 1993 were under the
1353:Finnish Union of Democratic Pioneers
1277:
557:(founded in 1974), connected to the
490:Democratic Union of Finnish Pioneers
481:United Democratic Youth Organisation
310:countries ruled by Communist Parties
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
1391:Ernst Thälmann Pioneer Organisation
1343:Agostinho Neto Pioneer Organization
769:Ernst Thälmann Pioneer Organisation
422:Agostinho Neto Pioneer Organization
13:
1333:2nd December Young Pioneer Brigade
976:Kim Il-sung Socialist Youth League
14:
1651:
1211:
992:Związek Młodzieży Socjalistycznej
1635:Youth wings of communist parties
1223:Rules of Thälmann Pioneers (GDR)
30:
1485:Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia
1431:Hungarian Pioneers' Association
1323:José Martí Pioneer Organization
971:Communist Youth League of China
961:Organizations for older youth:
925:Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia
751:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
656:Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia
471:José Martí Pioneer Organization
41:needs additional citations for
1194:
1143:
1128:
1107:
1058:
1035:
1015:
729:People's Republic of Kampuchea
245:Council of People's Commissars
1:
1589:Mangyongdae Children's Palace
1506:Miao Miao Children's Regiment
1008:
1001:Young Communist League (Cuba)
912:Socialist Republic of Romania
696:People's Republic of Bulgaria
646:Pioneer movements of the past
635:, established on May 15, 1941
1508:(People's Republic of China)
996:Polish Socialist Youth Union
906:Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego
783:People's Republic of Hungary
7:
1640:Atheism in the Soviet Union
945:
902:People's Republic of Poland
875:("Fighting Pioneer Youth").
849:Mongolian People's Republic
774:Federal Republic of Germany
224:fought in the ranks of the
199:Soviet Pioneer Organization
188:
10:
1656:
1297:People's Republic of China
1151:"Lin San Tyna on Facebook"
1023:Stalinism As A Way Of Life
988:Związek Młodzieży Polskiej
883:Pioneers of the Revolution
765:German Democratic Republic
587:Communist Party of Ukraine
559:Portuguese Communist Party
555:Portuguese Communist Youth
533:Partido Popular Socialista
458:People's Republic of China
435:Lernamerdz Soviet Pioneers
431:Republic of Young Pioneers
18:
1559:
1498:
1373:
1285:
939:Young Pioneers of America
801:Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia
153:organization for children
982:Union of Communist Youth
885:, the youth movement of
743:(KYPO), branches of the
731:: The Young Pioneers in
453:Workers Party of Belgium
288:activity in Scouting. A
243:On behalf of the Soviet
21:Pioneer (disambiguation)
1303:Korean Children's Union
1293:Young Pioneers of China
1176:Decalo, Samuel (1997).
1065:IFM-SEI list of members
624:King Somoni Inheritance
546:Korean Children's Union
462:Young Pioneers of China
408:Korean Children's Union
1074:, retrieved 2009-02-22
669:
658:
410:
209:
174:
161:Young Communist League
144:
1604:Malawi Young Pioneers
1114:Ññī Ññī (1978). "7".
990:(Poland), after 1956
821:Malawi Congress Party
817:Malawi Youth Pioneers
759:Socialist Youth Union
664:
653:
405:
392:Movement of the First
322:Young Pioneer Palaces
201:with a silhouette of
196:
131:
1475:Pioneer Organization
1202:Anarchism in America
1048:. wvb, Berlin 2008.
916:Pioneer Organization
473:established in 1961.
298:communist principles
205:and the inscription
50:improve this article
1089:Vietnam News Agency
904:: 1950–1956, later
722:Lansin Lu-nge Aphwe
542:Young Pioneer Corps
318:Young Pioneer camps
1594:Children's railway
1218:Pioneers (Belgium)
1095:on August 10, 2007
1070:2009-02-21 at the
952:Young Pioneer camp
670:
659:
603:: Pioneers of the
585:: Pioneers of the
576:: Pioneers of the
567:: Pioneers of the
451:: Pioneers of the
411:
249:Nadezhda Krupskaya
210:
145:
137:Young Pioneer camp
65:"Pioneer movement"
1612:
1611:
1599:Timurite movement
1584:Children's Palace
1512:Little Octobrists
1421:Pioneers of Enver
1054:978-3-86573-356-6
1044:Sebastian Waack:
714:Sheihsaung Lu-nge
691:Pioneers of Enver
373:Damdin Sükhbaatar
214:Russian Civil War
126:
125:
118:
100:
1647:
1625:Pioneer movement
1545:
1532:
1466:
1439:
1361:
1279:Pioneer movement
1272:
1265:
1258:
1249:
1248:
1205:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1159:. Archived from
1147:
1141:
1140:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1091:. Archived from
1081:
1075:
1062:
1056:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1019:
866:Jeunes Pionniers
835:Jeunes Pionniers
275:Always prepared!
268:Communist states
207:Always prepared!
149:pioneer movement
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1630:Youth movements
1615:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1579:Pioneers Palace
1573:Always prepared
1555:
1539:
1526:
1524:Little Drummers
1494:
1460:
1433:
1369:
1355:
1281:
1276:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1199:
1195:
1188:
1174:
1170:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1133:
1129:
1112:
1108:
1098:
1096:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1072:Wayback Machine
1063:
1059:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1020:
1016:
1011:
948:
787:Úttörőszövetség
739:(KRYA) and the
724:
648:
400:
349:Georgi Dimitrov
316:, thousands of
191:
157:communist party
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1653:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1569:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1550:Șoimii Patriei
1547:
1534:
1521:
1515:
1514:(Soviet Union)
1509:
1502:
1500:
1499:Young children
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1482:
1472:
1455:
1445:
1428:
1418:
1415:Czechoslovakia
1408:
1398:
1388:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1350:
1340:
1330:
1320:
1310:
1300:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1213:
1212:External links
1210:
1207:
1206:
1193:
1186:
1168:
1165:on 2022-04-30.
1142:
1127:
1106:
1076:
1057:
1034:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1003:
998:
985:
979:
973:
968:
967:(Soviet Union)
959:
954:
947:
944:
943:
942:
932:
918:
909:
899:
897:Young Pioneers
890:
887:Thomas Sankara
876:
862:Young Pioneers
855:
846:
831:Young Pioneers
824:
810:
809:
808:
796:Fadjar Harapan
789:
780:
771:
762:
757:, part of the
748:
726:
707:
693:
684:
665:Emblem of the
654:Emblem of the
647:
644:
637:
636:
626:
617:
607:
598:
589:
580:
571:
562:
548:
535:
522:
512:
501:Czech Republic
497:
483:
474:
464:
455:
446:
437:
424:
406:Emblem of the
399:
396:
365:Ernst Thälmann
333:Vladimir Lenin
302:indoctrination
253:Vladimir Lenin
238:Scout movement
203:Vladimir Lenin
197:Emblem of the
190:
187:
155:operated by a
133:Young Pioneers
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1652:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1551:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1518:Little Heroes
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1464:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1437:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1359:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1189:
1187:0-8108-3136-8
1183:
1179:
1172:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1138:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1110:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1038:
1032:
1031:0-300-08480-3
1028:
1024:
1018:
1014:
1002:
999:
997:
994:, after 1976
993:
989:
986:
983:
980:
978:(North Korea)
977:
974:
972:
969:
966:
963:
962:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
949:
940:
936:
935:United States
933:
930:
926:
922:
919:
917:
913:
910:
907:
903:
900:
898:
894:
891:
888:
884:
880:
877:
874:
871:
867:
863:
859:
856:
854:
850:
847:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
825:
822:
818:
814:
811:
806:
802:
799:
798:
797:
793:
790:
788:
784:
781:
779:
775:
772:
770:
766:
763:
760:
756:
752:
749:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
727:
723:
719:
718:Pioneer Youth
715:
711:
708:
705:
701:
697:
694:
692:
688:
685:
683:
679:
675:
672:
671:
668:
663:
657:
652:
643:
640:
634:
630:
627:
625:
621:
618:
615:
611:
608:
606:
602:
599:
597:
593:
590:
588:
584:
581:
579:
575:
572:
570:
566:
563:
560:
556:
552:
549:
547:
543:
539:
536:
534:
530:
526:
523:
520:
516:
513:
510:
506:
502:
498:
495:
491:
487:
484:
482:
478:
475:
472:
468:
465:
463:
459:
456:
454:
450:
447:
445:
441:
438:
436:
432:
428:
425:
423:
419:
416:
415:
414:
409:
404:
395:
393:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
305:
303:
299:
293:
291:
287:
282:
280:
276:
271:
269:
265:
261:
260:Soviet Russia
256:
254:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
208:
204:
200:
195:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
154:
150:
142:
138:
134:
130:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
1395:East Germany
1385:Soviet Union
1278:
1200:
1196:
1177:
1171:
1162:the original
1154:
1145:
1136:
1130:
1121:
1116:
1109:
1097:. Retrieved
1093:the original
1088:
1079:
1060:
1045:
1037:
1022:
1017:
931:), 1942–1992
928:
879:Burkina Faso
865:
843:Modibo Keïta
834:
717:
704:chavdarcheta
703:
674:Soviet Union
641:
638:
595:
493:
412:
389:
369:East Germany
337:Soviet Union
330:
326:trade unions
314:Soviet Union
306:
294:
283:
274:
272:
264:Eastern Bloc
257:
242:
228:against the
218:Scoutmasters
211:
206:
164:
148:
146:
112:
106:January 2011
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
1540: [
1527: [
1461: [
1434: [
1356: [
1307:North Korea
1042:(in German)
941:(1922–1934)
614:Baath Party
538:North Korea
381:Ho Chi Minh
341:Enver Hoxha
290:neckerchief
279:Scout Motto
212:During the
1619:Categories
1546:(Bulgaria)
1537:Chavdarche
1520:(Mongolia)
1489:Yugoslavia
1374:Historical
1009:References
720:) part of
680:, part of
620:Tajikistan
357:José Martí
286:pioneering
266:and other
226:White Army
141:Kazakh SSR
76:newspapers
1567:Red scarf
1552:(Romania)
1533:(Hungary)
1025:, p. 374
984:(Romania)
805:New Order
792:Indonesia
220:and many
1452:Bulgaria
1405:Mongolia
1156:Facebook
1099:June 29,
1068:Archived
965:Komsomol
946:See also
733:Cambodia
616:Pioneers
551:Portugal
521:(LPRYU).
377:Mongolia
353:Bulgaria
234:Komsomol
230:Red Army
189:Overview
179:Budapest
1560:Related
1479:Romania
1442:Hungary
1425:Albania
1364:Finland
1317:Vietnam
1286:Current
929:Pioniri
870:Israeli
629:Vietnam
592:Senegal
583:Ukraine
574:Moldova
544:of the
531:of the
509:IFM-SEI
494:Pinskut
486:Finland
449:Belgium
440:Belarus
427:Armenia
385:Vietnam
345:Albania
335:in the
183:Hungary
90:scholar
1469:Poland
1347:Angola
1184:
1052:
1029:
893:Norway
839:US-RDA
813:Malawi
565:Russia
525:Mexico
505:Pionýr
477:Cyprus
418:Angola
379:, and
222:Scouts
171:French
151:is an
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
1544:]
1531:]
1465:]
1438:]
1360:]
1120:[
873:Nahal
858:Niger
610:Syria
601:Spain
135:at a
97:JSTOR
83:books
1337:Laos
1327:Cuba
1182:ISBN
1101:2006
1050:ISBN
1027:ISBN
827:Mali
515:Laos
499:The
467:Cuba
433:and
390:The
361:Cuba
320:and
69:news
937::
841:of
383:in
375:in
367:in
359:in
351:in
343:in
139:in
52:by
1621::
1575:!"
1542:bg
1529:hu
1463:pl
1436:hu
1358:fi
1153:.
1087:.
923::
914::
895::
881::
860::
851::
829::
815::
794::
785::
776::
767::
753::
712::
698::
689::
676::
631::
622::
612::
594::
553::
540::
527::
503::
488::
479::
469::
460::
442::
429::
420::
387:.
371:,
363:,
355:,
347:,
339:,
304:.
281:.
270:.
247:,
185:.
181:,
173::
147:A
1571:"
1491:)
1487:(
1481:)
1477:(
1471:)
1467:(
1454:)
1450:(
1444:)
1440:(
1427:)
1423:(
1417:)
1413:(
1407:)
1403:(
1397:)
1393:(
1387:)
1383:(
1366:)
1362:(
1349:)
1345:(
1339:)
1335:(
1329:)
1325:(
1319:)
1315:(
1309:)
1305:(
1299:)
1295:(
1271:e
1264:t
1257:v
1190:.
1103:.
927:(
864:/
845:.
833:/
761:.
747:.
725:.
716:(
561:.
511:.
496:)
492:(
251:(
169:(
143:.
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
