173:, and solo. In responsorial singing, the soloist (or choir) sings a series of verses, each one followed by a response from the choir (or congregation). In antiphonal singing, the verses are sung alternately by soloist and choir, or by choir and congregation. It is probable that even in the early period the two methods caused the differentiation in the style of musical composition which is observed throughout the later history of plain chant, the choral compositions being of a simple kind, the solo compositions more elaborate, using a more extended compass of melodies and longer groups of notes on single syllables. The last type of plainsong performance is the solo performed by the choir or the individual performer. A marked feature in plainchant is the use of the same melody for various texts. This is quite typical for the ordinary psalmody in which the same formula, the "psalm tone", is used for all the verses of a psalm, just as in a hymn or a folk song the same melody is used for the various stanzas.
158:, and they are employed on a four-line staff, unlike the five-line staff we are accustomed to today. The neumes are placed above the chant's words to help the performer identify the piece's melody but did not specify the pitches or intervals that needed to be sung. Even though there were written musical manuscripts, the performers still needed to memorize the chants through oral traditions before interpreting the notation. It was not until the eleventh century that musical pitches were being integrated into written music.
570:
153:
As the number of chants in the church's repertoire increased, officials needed a better way to standardize the music. A unique form of musical notation was developed to help standardize the music and provide a reference for the performers and audience alike. The musical notations that were used were
161:
Most of the early plainsong scripts have been destroyed due to war, purposeful destruction and natural causes such as water, fire, and poor environmental conditions. The Toledo
Cathedral in Spain has one of the world's largest collections of indigenous plainsong manuscripts devoted to Western
906:"LETTER OF HIS HOLINESS BENEDICT XVI TO THE BISHOPS ON THE OCCASION OF THE PUBLICATION OF THE APOSTOLIC LETTER "MOTU PROPRIO DATA" SUMMORUM PONTIFICUM ON THE USE OF THE ROMAN LITURGY PRIOR TO THE REFORM OF 1970"
190:
For several centuries, different plainchant styles existed concurrently. Standardization on
Gregorian chant was not completed, even in Italy, until the 12th century. Plainchant represents the first revival of
183:(6th century A.D.), but Gregory did not invent the chant. The tradition linking Gregory I to the development of the chant seems to rest on a possibly mistaken identification of a certain "Gregorius", probably
209:
There was a significant plainsong revival in the 19th century, when much work was done to restore the correct notation and performance-style of the old plainsong collections, notably by the monks of
1182:
588:
800:
The
Accompaniment of Plainchant in France, Belgium and Certain Other Catholic Regions: A Chronological Study of Theory and Practice from the French Revolution to the Second Vatican Council
2884:
886:
123:
586:
2713:
146:
Plainsong developed during the earliest centuries of
Christianity, influenced possibly by the music of the Jewish synagogue and certainly by the Greek modal system. It has
1175:
239:, use of the Tridentine rite has increased; this, along with other papal comments on the use of appropriate liturgical music, is promoting a new plainsong revival.
76:
chants of plainsong have a non-metric rhythm, which is generally considered freer than the metered rhythms of later
Western music. They are also traditionally sung
587:
1168:
2517:
422:, a nun who lived in the 12th century, composed a total of 71 Latin liturgical pieces. The following is a list of her devotional pieces to the Virgin Mary.
1223:
257:. In the late 1980s, plainchant achieved a certain vogue as music for relaxation, and several recordings of plainchant became "classical-chart hits".
2655:
905:
669:
1149:
783:
206:. When polyphony reached its climax in the sixteenth century, the use of plainsong chant was less appealing and almost completely abandoned.
80:, though recent scholarship has unearthed a widespread custom of accompanied chant that transcended religious and geographical borders.
2507:
61:. When referring to the term plainsong, it is those sacred pieces that are composed in Latin text. Plainsong was the exclusive form of
937:
2979:
1892:
2781:
2373:
2987:
759:
687:
249:
Interest in plainsong picked up in 1950s
Britain, particularly in the left-wing religious and musical groups associated with
217:
and the introduction of the vernacular Mass, use of plainsong in the
Catholic Church declined and was mostly confined to the
2905:
1972:
554:
and this is used to work out the relative pitches of each line on the staff. Read more about the use of modes in plainsong
243:
1967:
971:
2967:
2840:
1704:
1694:
819:
2203:
2997:
1919:
95:. The free flowing melismatic melody form of plainsong is still heard in Middle Eastern music being performed today.
2812:
2766:
1766:
187:, with his more famous predecessor. The term Gregorian Chant is often incorrectly used as a synonym of plainsong.
2607:
2463:
2348:
1004:
162:
Christianity. Their collection consists of 170 volumes of plainsong chants for the procession, Mass, and Office.
2144:
1580:
2638:
2378:
2368:
1862:
1251:
139:
2935:
2877:
2679:
2581:
3073:
2119:
1361:
2950:
2512:
2243:
1709:
265:
The following is a classification of
Gregorian chants into types. Other chant traditions, such as the
20:
2216:
840:"Toledo Cathedral's Collection of Manuscript Plainsong Choirbooks: A Preliminary Report and Checklist"
3063:
2708:
2703:
246:
was founded in 1888 to promote the performance and study of liturgical chant and medieval polyphony.
2069:
2956:
2865:
1778:
1688:
2895:
2776:
2687:
2626:
2537:
1939:
1573:
1423:
292:
1160:
3008:
3002:
2791:
2786:
2449:
2383:
1528:
668:
Levy, Kenneth; Emerson, John A.; Bellingham, Jane; Hiley, David; Zon, Bennett
Mitchell (2001).
307:
214:
679:
3068:
2901:
2723:
2094:
1872:
1606:
579:
887:"On the 10th anniversary of Summorum Pontificum, we can safely say the doomsayers are wrong"
3036:
3024:
2318:
2089:
1902:
1855:
1732:
1718:
1679:
1428:
1321:
1024:
107:
754:. Joseph Machlis, Andrew Dell'Antonio (Twelfth edition, full version ed.). New York.
555:
8:
3058:
3017:
2962:
2923:
2576:
2363:
2221:
1788:
1761:
1683:
1213:
997:
419:
368:
235:
2099:
2761:
2718:
2667:
2649:
2557:
2527:
2161:
2001:
1797:
1728:
1660:
1599:
964:
867:
777:
254:
2940:
2855:
2850:
2562:
2303:
2171:
2046:
1771:
1664:
1640:
1559:
1497:
1479:
1129:
1013:
871:
859:
765:
755:
683:
226:
103:
1550:
221:
and to ecclesiastical societies celebrating the traditional Latin Mass (also called
2889:
2872:
2860:
2800:
2699:
2642:
2566:
2547:
2542:
2490:
2485:
2323:
2259:
2232:
2183:
1825:
1754:
1723:
1699:
1633:
1533:
1259:
1114:
851:
675:
192:
2945:
2911:
2771:
2673:
2621:
2522:
2437:
2104:
1996:
1820:
1569:
1512:
1458:
1396:
1366:
1284:
1274:
1269:
1230:
1218:
1199:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1103:
1047:
1037:
823:
816:
625:
270:
266:
184:
176:
111:
99:
2845:
2755:
2617:
2480:
2026:
2006:
1984:
1979:
1947:
1897:
1793:
1279:
1264:
1191:
1124:
1109:
1079:
1052:
1032:
990:
620:
210:
180:
84:
58:
42:
1564:
3052:
2817:
2796:
2587:
2410:
2405:
2226:
1783:
1744:
1739:
1629:
1348:
1310:
982:
863:
798:
769:
595:
3030:
2992:
2973:
2532:
2416:
2308:
2248:
2238:
2084:
1991:
1929:
1850:
1645:
1595:
1376:
1241:
1119:
1089:
1074:
1069:
1062:
1042:
839:
551:
250:
855:
749:
273:, may lack some of the types listed, and may have other types not listed.
2835:
2749:
2692:
2427:
2211:
2129:
2114:
2074:
2036:
1962:
1804:
1338:
1332:
1316:
218:
2806:
2552:
2444:
2252:
2134:
2064:
2021:
1952:
1472:
1468:
1435:
1403:
1326:
1195:
606:
332:
166:
92:
77:
2929:
2916:
2632:
2500:
2495:
2474:
2432:
2151:
2124:
1924:
1914:
1749:
1674:
1624:
1517:
1386:
1371:
1356:
1236:
397:
392:
363:
203:
73:
66:
62:
713:
2742:
2661:
2596:
2328:
2298:
2293:
2274:
2193:
1882:
1867:
1669:
1502:
1463:
1381:
1304:
327:
322:
170:
83:
There are three types of chant melodies that plainsongs fall into:
817:
Weber, Jerome F. "Early
Western Chant", Western Catholic Liturgics
122:
2333:
2313:
2139:
2031:
2011:
1845:
1653:
1649:
1554:
1538:
1507:
1391:
1190:
1057:
387:
358:
199:
54:
2400:
2264:
2079:
2016:
1957:
1909:
1887:
1585:
1543:
408:
312:
302:
287:
50:
34:
65:
church music until the ninth century, and the introduction of
2338:
2288:
2176:
2156:
2109:
1877:
1590:
1521:
1016:
382:
297:
155:
147:
135:
127:
88:
16:
Chants used in the liturgies of the Western Christian Church
2570:
2422:
2187:
2041:
977:
317:
165:
There are three methods of singing psalms or other chants,
838:
Noone, Michael J. (Michael John); Skinner, Graeme (2006).
667:
2283:
2166:
803:(PhD thesis). The University of Dublin, Trinity College.
198:
In the late 9th century, plainsong began to evolve into
195:
after knowledge of the ancient Greek system was lost.
967:- CDs, MP3 files, videos, free scores. Sacra Musica
2656:Historical roots of Catholic Eucharistic theology
3050:
1012:
1176:
998:
1347:
903:
837:
114:are generally not classified as plainsong.
2508:Communion and the developmentally disabled
1183:
1169:
1005:
991:
978:The Plainsong & Medieval Music Society
938:"The Marian music of Hildegard von Bingen"
782:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
110:until long after the origin of plainsong,
711:
1893:Extraordinary minister of Holy Communion
674:. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press.
121:
2782:General Instruction of the Roman Missal
2374:General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII
812:
810:
790:
680:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40099
3051:
747:
179:is a variety of plainsong named after
1164:
986:
935:
663:
661:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
884:
833:
831:
807:
796:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
659:
657:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
244:Plainsong and Medieval Music Society
2968:Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII
2841:Anaphora of the Apostolic Tradition
13:
568:
202:, which led to the development of
14:
3085:
2998:Sacraments of the Catholic Church
958:
916:
828:
730:
696:
638:
376:Neumatic with melismatic sections
1224:After the Second Vatican Council
605:Problems playing this file? See
584:
213:, in northern France. After the
1596:Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed
2379:General Roman Calendar of 1960
2369:General Roman Calendar of 1954
897:
878:
260:
1:
2936:Fourth Council of the Lateran
631:
78:without musical accompaniment
2885:Dicastery for Divine Worship
2582:Thanksgiving after Communion
414:
7:
1362:Chapter and Conventual Mass
970:The book of Psalms sung in
614:
540:Alleluia, o virga mediatrix
10:
3090:
2951:History of the Roman Canon
2513:Communion under both kinds
2244:Divine Worship: The Missal
561:
148:its own system of notation
117:
21:Plainsong (disambiguation)
18:
2828:
2732:
2709:Priesthood of Melchizedek
2606:
2462:
2393:
2356:
2347:
2273:
2202:
2055:
1938:
1838:
1813:
1615:
1488:
1451:
1444:
1416:
1297:
1250:
1206:
1088:
1023:
942:login.ezproxy.lib.uwm.edu
748:Forney, Kristine (2015).
104:Eastern Orthodox churches
2983:(apostolic constitution)
2957:Lex orandi, lex credendi
2866:Eastern Catholic liturgy
1968:Candles and candlesticks
545:
130:(Orbis Factor) from the
2896:Ecclesia de Eucharistia
2688:Origin of the Eucharist
1424:Liturgical use of Latin
550:Plainchant employs the
3009:Sacrosanctum concilium
3003:Second Vatican Council
2792:Intercession of saints
2787:Holy day of obligation
2384:General Roman Calendar
1048:Ethiopian and Eritrean
797:Long, Cillian (2022).
751:The enjoyment of music
573:
493:Oquam magnum miraculum
463:O splendidissima gemma
215:Second Vatican Council
143:
46:
2902:Eucharistic adoration
2724:Year of the Eucharist
2217:Ceremonial of Bishops
1634:prayer over the gifts
904:BENEDICT XVI (2007).
856:10.1353/not.2006.0157
712:Bewerunge, H (1911).
572:
478:Cum processit factura
125:
3037:Tra le sollecitudini
3025:Traditionis custodes
1903:Eucharistic Congress
1719:Memorial Acclamation
1680:Words of Institution
1429:Ecclesiastical Latin
1322:Pontifical High Mass
1014:Christian liturgical
468:Hodie (Nunc) aperuit
434:Ave Marie, o auctrix
19:For other uses, see
3018:Summorum Pontificum
2963:Liturgical Movement
2924:Eucharistic miracle
2577:Spiritual communion
2364:Tridentine calendar
1214:Pre-Tridentine Mass
972:Sarum Use plainsong
420:Hildegard of Bingen
236:Summorum Pontificum
3074:Western plainchant
2762:Calendar of saints
2719:Transubstantiation
2668:Liturgical colours
2650:In persona Christi
2558:Reserved sacrament
2528:Frequent Communion
2162:Processional cross
1973:Triple candlestick
1798:Benedicamus Domino
1772:Communion antiphon
1661:Eucharistic Prayer
1551:Responsorial Psalm
822:2013-10-24 at the
580:"O frondens virga"
574:
526:O virga ac diadema
439:O clarissima mater
284:Scriptural reading
255:George B. Chambers
144:
142:to it interpreted.
3046:
3045:
2941:Gelineau psalmody
2878:effects of prayer
2856:Christian liturgy
2851:Catholic theology
2563:Sacramental bread
2458:
2457:
2304:Episcopal sandals
2172:Sacramental bread
2100:Collection basket
1834:
1833:
1695:texts and rubrics
1665:Canon of the Mass
1508:Entrance Antiphon
1498:Sign of the Cross
1480:Processional hymn
1412:
1411:
1293:
1292:
1158:
1157:
936:Stark, D (2001).
885:Reid, A. (2016).
761:978-0-393-93637-7
718:www.newadvent.org
689:978-1-56159-263-0
589:
227:Pope Benedict XVI
3081:
3064:Christian chants
2890:Council of Trent
2873:Christian prayer
2861:Catholic liturgy
2700:Passion of Jesus
2643:ex opere operato
2548:Infant communion
2543:Host desecration
2518:Eucharistic fast
2491:Closed communion
2486:Church etiquette
2354:
2353:
2260:Roman Pontifical
2233:Graduale Simplex
2204:Liturgical books
2184:Sacramental wine
1826:Recessional hymn
1755:Dona nobis pacem
1700:Canonical digits
1607:Universal Prayer
1534:Dominus vobiscum
1449:
1448:
1345:
1344:
1260:Benedictine Rite
1248:
1247:
1185:
1178:
1171:
1162:
1161:
1007:
1000:
993:
984:
983:
952:
951:
949:
948:
933:
914:
913:
901:
895:
894:
882:
876:
875:
835:
826:
814:
805:
804:
794:
788:
787:
781:
773:
745:
728:
727:
725:
724:
709:
694:
693:
665:
591:
590:
571:
473:Quia ergo femina
405:Great responsory
333:Short responsory
193:musical notation
126:A sample of the
112:Byzantine chants
37:from the French
3089:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3042:
2981:Missale Romanum
2946:Gregorian chant
2912:Dominicae Cenae
2824:
2772:Code of Rubrics
2734:
2728:
2704:salvific nature
2681:Mysterium fidei
2674:Mirae caritatis
2622:Blood of Christ
2609:
2602:
2523:First Communion
2465:
2454:
2438:Paschal Triduum
2389:
2349:Liturgical year
2343:
2277:
2269:
2198:
2105:Communion-plate
2057:
2051:
1997:Communion bench
1934:
1830:
1821:Leonine Prayers
1809:
1617:
1611:
1600:Apostles' Creed
1513:Penitential Act
1490:
1484:
1459:Vesting prayers
1440:
1408:
1367:Coronation Mass
1343:
1289:
1285:Norbertine Rite
1275:Cistercian Rite
1270:Carthusian Rite
1246:
1233:(Ordinary Form)
1231:Mass of Paul VI
1219:Tridentine Mass
1202:
1200:Catholic Church
1189:
1159:
1154:
1092:
1084:
1019:
1011:
974:by Sarah James.
965:Gregorian Chant
961:
956:
955:
946:
944:
934:
917:
902:
898:
891:Catholic Herald
883:
879:
836:
829:
824:Wayback Machine
815:
808:
795:
791:
775:
774:
762:
746:
731:
722:
720:
710:
697:
690:
666:
639:
634:
626:Gregorian chant
617:
612:
611:
603:
601:
600:
599:
598:
592:
585:
582:
575:
569:
564:
548:
498:O tu illustrata
488:O fondens virga
449:O quam preclosa
444:O tu illustrata
417:
263:
253:and the writer
223:Tridentine Mass
219:monastic orders
185:Pope Gregory II
177:Gregorian chant
120:
100:Catholic Church
49:) is a body of
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3087:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3033:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2977:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2926:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2899:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2846:Ambrosian Rite
2843:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2810:
2803:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2756:versus populum
2746:
2738:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2685:
2677:
2670:
2665:
2658:
2653:
2646:
2636:
2629:
2627:Corpus Christi
2624:
2614:
2612:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2579:
2574:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2488:
2483:
2481:Concelebration
2478:
2470:
2468:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2246:
2236:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2007:Credence table
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1985:Sanctuary lamp
1982:
1980:Paschal candle
1977:
1976:
1975:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1948:Altar crucifix
1944:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1927:
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850:(2): 289–328.
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181:Pope Gregory I
136:neume notation
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59:Western Church
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2777:Commemoration
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1630:Orate fratres
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922:
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911:
910:LA SANTA SEDE
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597:
596:Ordo Virtutum
581:
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159:
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137:
133:
132:Liber Usualis
129:
128:Kýrie Eléison
124:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:Although the
96:
94:
90:
86:
81:
79:
75:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
47:cantus planus
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
22:
3069:Church music
3035:
3031:Stercoranism
3023:
3016:
3007:
2993:Pope Paul VI
2980:
2974:Mediator Dei
2972:
2955:
2928:
2910:
2894:
2805:
2754:
2748:
2741:
2735:and concepts
2683:(encyclical)
2680:
2672:
2660:
2648:
2641:
2631:
2595:
2586:
2533:Genuflection
2473:
2417:Septuagesima
2415:
2309:Humeral veil
2249:Sacramentary
2239:Roman Missal
2231:
1992:Chalice veil
1851:Altar server
1839:Participants
1687:
1673:
1646:Sursum corda
1397:Month's mind
1392:Requiem Mass
1377:Nuptial Mass
1331:
1309:
1242:Anglican Use
1094:
1070:Prostopinije
945:. Retrieved
941:
909:
899:
890:
880:
847:
843:
799:
792:
750:
721:. Retrieved
717:
714:"Plainchant"
670:
604:
552:modal system
549:
539:
532:
531:
530:
525:
518:
517:
516:
512:Ave generosa
511:
504:
503:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
455:
454:
453:
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426:
425:
424:
418:
375:
374:
373:
345:
344:
343:
277:
276:
275:
264:
251:Gustav Holst
248:
241:
234:
231:motu proprio
230:
222:
208:
197:
189:
175:
167:responsorial
164:
160:
152:
145:
131:
97:
82:
71:
53:used in the
38:
30:
26:
25:
2906:benediction
2836:Agape feast
2750:Ad orientem
2733:Regulations
2693:Last Supper
2608:Eucharistic
2464:Eucharistic
2428:Passiontide
2212:Antiphonary
2130:Funghellino
2115:Evangeliary
2075:Aspergillum
2037:Purificator
1963:Antependium
1953:Altar rails
1805:Last Gospel
1705:Roman Canon
1464:Asperges me
1339:Votive Mass
1333:sine populo
1317:Solemn Mass
427:Responsory-
261:Chant types
39:plain-chant
3059:Song forms
3053:Categories
2818:Lord's Day
2807:Pro multis
2553:Intinction
2538:Head cover
2466:discipline
2445:Eastertide
2319:Pontifical
2253:Lectionary
2135:Holy water
2065:Altar bell
2056:Liturgical
2047:Tabernacle
2022:Misericord
1616:Liturgy of
1489:Liturgy of
1473:Eastertide
1469:Vidi aquam
1436:Vernacular
1404:White Mass
1327:Papal Mass
1196:Roman Rite
1115:Beneventan
1106:(Milanese)
947:2021-02-17
723:2021-02-16
671:Plainchant
632:References
607:media help
337:Salutation
271:Visigothic
171:antiphonal
93:melismatic
74:monophonic
31:plainchant
2930:Fermentum
2917:Holy Hour
2767:Canon law
2633:Epiousion
2501:Canon 915
2496:Canon 844
2475:Abstemius
2433:Holy Week
2386:(current)
2357:Calendars
2275:Vestments
2222:Customary
2152:Manuterge
2125:Flabellum
1925:Subdeacon
1814:Post-Mass
1789:Dismissal
1779:Ablutions
1750:Agnus Dei
1689:anamnesis
1684:elevation
1675:epiclesis
1625:Offertory
1518:Confiteor
1387:Rose Mass
1372:Gold Mass
1357:Blue Mass
1237:Zaire Use
1145:Old Roman
1140:Mozarabic
1135:Gregorian
1104:Ambrosian
1095:Plainsong
1038:Byzantine
872:191373486
864:1534-150X
778:cite book
770:900609692
594:From the
533:Allelula-
519:Sequence-
456:Antiphon-
415:Composers
398:Offertory
369:Communion
364:Agnus Dei
267:Ambrosian
225:). Since
204:polyphony
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27:Plainsong
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2662:Koinonia
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2329:Surplice
2299:Dalmatic
2294:Chasuble
2194:Thurible
2095:Crotalus
2090:Ciborium
2002:Corporal
1883:Crucifer
1868:Boat boy
1762:Fraction
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1729:embolism
1670:oblation
1574:sequence
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1491:the Word
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1417:Language
1382:Red Mass
1305:Low Mass
1130:Gelineau
1125:Gallican
1110:Anglican
1080:Znamenny
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1033:Armenian
820:Archived
615:See also
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388:Graduals
346:Neumatic
340:Doxology
328:Antiphon
323:Canticle
293:Sequence
278:Syllabic
106:did not
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89:neumatic
85:syllabic
2829:Related
2801:Propers
2394:Periods
2334:Tunicle
2314:Pallium
2140:Incense
2120:Fistula
2085:Chalice
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2032:Piscina
2012:Kneeler
1846:Acolyte
1710:history
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1650:Sanctus
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1120:Celtic
1075:Syrian
1063:Kievan
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870:
862:
768:
758:
686:
409:Preces
383:Kyries
355:Tropes
313:Psalms
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156:neumes
140:Listen
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51:chants
35:calque
2988:Music
2639:Grace
2339:Vimpa
2324:Stole
2289:Amice
2177:wafer
2157:Paten
2110:Cruet
2070:Ashes
1940:Altar
1930:Usher
1898:Laity
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1591:Credo
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1522:Kyrie
1298:Types
1017:chant
868:S2CID
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505:Hymn-
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2904:and
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2027:Pall
1958:Ambo
1192:Mass
860:ISSN
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756:ISBN
684:ISBN
556:here
318:Hymn
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2284:Alb
2167:Pyx
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1740:Pax
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1553:or
1471:in
852:doi
676:doi
269:or
229:'s
29:or
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