251:
238:
334:
50:
147:
326:
309:
lines for the building measurements. A section of the scaffolding would hold a plumb line, which was centered over a datum mark on the floor. As the building proceeded upward, the plumb line would also be taken higher, still centered on the datum. Many cathedral
361:
with a plumb line hung from the vertex was also used to find horizontal; these were used in Europe until the mid–19th century. A variation of this tool has the plumb line hung from the top of an inverted
378:
A plumb bob may be in a container of water (when conditions are above freezing temperatures), molasses, very viscous oils or other liquids to dampen any swinging movement, functioning as a
243:
567:
341:
A plumb bob and line alone can determine only a vertical reference. However, if they are mounted on a suitable scale the instrument may also be used as an
182:. It is typically made of stone, wood, or lead, but can also be made of other metals. If it is used for decoration, it may be made of bone or ivory.
402:. The device used may be purpose-made plumb lines, or simply makeshift devices made from a piece of string and a weighted object, such as a
560:
924:
539:
862:
872:
553:
479:
449:
837:
114:
86:
133:
929:
93:
919:
914:
71:
499:
673:
618:
100:
939:
322:
still have brass datum marks inlaid into their floors, which signify the center of the structure above.
67:
38:
82:
877:
934:
17:
842:
832:
827:
406:. This plumb line is important for lining up anatomical geometries and visualizing the subject's
60:
909:
867:
857:
613:
533:
471:
166:, is a weight, usually with a pointed tip on the bottom, suspended from a string and used as a
440:
847:
463:
887:
882:
588:
576:
186:
8:
852:
698:
633:
783:
608:
399:
305:
Until the modern age, plumb bobs were used on most tall structures to provide vertical
214:
167:
107:
31:
653:
475:
464:
445:
419:
403:
395:
520:,. 2nd ed. Stanford University, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1964. Print. 138.
944:
668:
628:
210:
708:
733:
179:
545:
357:; when placed against a wall, the plumb line would indicate a vertical line. An
808:
803:
728:
623:
407:
391:
379:
351:
used a plumb line attached to the top outer part of a tool resembling a letter
903:
813:
793:
763:
688:
683:
441:
Experiments in
Egyptian archaeology: stoneworking technology in Ancient Egypt
358:
348:
281:
250:
226:
190:
773:
758:
748:
743:
738:
713:
678:
648:
638:
593:
342:
237:
222:
175:
500:"Hand tool | Measuring and defining tools | Plumb line, level, and square"
271:
663:
643:
394:
will also make use of a plumb line to find the vertical axis through the
213:
of a point in space. It is used with a variety of instruments (including
333:
293:
788:
778:
723:
693:
658:
603:
372:
218:
385:
287:
194:
198:
30:
This article is about the tool. For the nuclear testing program, see
49:
768:
598:
753:
229:
or to transcribe positions onto the ground for placing a marker.
206:
375:
used heavy plumb bobs, hung on wire in their elevator shafts.
718:
319:
315:
311:
306:
202:
146:
798:
276:
325:
462:
Brinker, Russell
Charles; Minnick, Roy, eds. (1995).
364:
353:
498:
McGeough, Joseph A.; Hartenberg, Richard S. (2019).
386:
Determining center of gravity of an irregular shape
74:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
497:
575:
901:
37:"Plumbline" redirects here. For other uses, see
398:of their subject and lay it down on paper as a
461:
561:
225:) to set the instrument exactly over a fixed
279:'), the material once used for the weighted
568:
554:
493:
491:
455:
27:Weighted line used as a vertical reference
432:
297:, from the notion of "standing upright".
189:has been used since at least the time of
134:Learn how and when to remove this message
332:
324:
291:developed by extension, as did the noun
249:
236:
145:
488:
329:Plumb bob with scale as an inclinometer
14:
902:
549:
337:Plumb bob with string in masonry work
72:adding citations to reliable sources
43:
345:to measure angles to the vertical.
197:", or vertical. It is also used in
24:
193:to ensure that constructions are "
25:
956:
925:Woodworking measuring instruments
527:
178:and used to establish a vertical
48:
256:Cassells' Carpentry and Joinery
244:Cassells' Carpentry and Joinery
59:needs additional citations for
518:Introduction to mine surveying
510:
13:
1:
425:
619:Coordinate-measuring machine
232:
7:
413:
285:at the end. The adjective
174:. It is a precursor to the
10:
961:
39:Plumbline (disambiguation)
36:
29:
822:
584:
540:String Line and Plumb Bob
863:Machine and metalworking
504:Encyclopaedia Britannica
170:as a reference line, or
873:Measuring and alignment
930:Orientation (geometry)
466:The surveying handbook
338:
330:
300:
258:
247:
151:
920:Surveying instruments
915:Measuring instruments
470:. Springer. pp.
336:
328:
253:
240:
149:
838:Cutting and abrasive
674:Laser measuring tool
254:A plumb square from
68:improve this article
579:and alignment tools
444:. Routledge; 2003.
269:derives from Latin
201:, to establish the
940:Stonemasonry tools
784:Thread pitch gauge
609:Combination square
400:point of reference
339:
331:
259:
248:
241:A plumb rule from
209:) with respect to
168:vertical direction
152:
32:Operation Plumbbob
897:
896:
589:Architect's scale
481:978-0-412-98511-9
450:978-0-415-30664-5
438:Denys A. Stocks.
420:Vertical position
408:center of balance
396:center of gravity
349:Ancient Egyptians
144:
143:
136:
118:
16:(Redirected from
952:
669:Laser line level
634:Engineer's scale
629:Drafting machine
570:
563:
556:
547:
546:
534:60 oz. Plumb Bob
521:
514:
508:
507:
495:
486:
485:
469:
459:
453:
436:
139:
132:
128:
125:
119:
117:
76:
52:
44:
21:
960:
959:
955:
954:
953:
951:
950:
949:
935:Carpentry tools
900:
899:
898:
893:
892:
818:
734:Sliding T bevel
580:
574:
530:
525:
524:
516:Staley, W. W..
515:
511:
496:
489:
482:
460:
456:
437:
433:
428:
416:
388:
303:
235:
160:plumb bob level
140:
129:
123:
120:
77:
75:
65:
53:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
958:
948:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
895:
894:
891:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
828:Types of tools
824:
823:
820:
819:
817:
816:
814:Winding sticks
811:
806:
804:Weighing scale
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
654:Gunter's chain
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
624:Diagonal scale
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
585:
582:
581:
573:
572:
565:
558:
550:
544:
543:
537:
529:
528:External links
526:
523:
522:
509:
487:
480:
454:
452:. p. 180.
430:
429:
427:
424:
423:
422:
415:
412:
392:figure drawing
387:
384:
380:shock absorber
302:
299:
234:
231:
142:
141:
56:
54:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
957:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
910:Inclinometers
908:
907:
905:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
821:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
794:Vernier scale
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
689:Measuring rod
687:
685:
684:Marking gauge
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
586:
583:
578:
571:
566:
564:
559:
557:
552:
551:
548:
541:
538:
535:
532:
531:
519:
513:
505:
501:
494:
492:
483:
477:
473:
468:
467:
458:
451:
447:
443:
442:
435:
431:
421:
418:
417:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
383:
381:
376:
374:
369:
367:
366:
360:
359:A-frame level
356:
355:
350:
346:
344:
335:
327:
323:
321:
317:
313:
308:
298:
296:
295:
290:
289:
284:
283:
278:
274:
273:
268:
264:
257:
252:
246:
245:
239:
230:
228:
227:survey marker
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
205:(opposite of
204:
200:
196:
192:
191:ancient Egypt
188:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
148:
138:
135:
127:
124:November 2023
116:
113:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85: –
84:
80:
79:Find sources:
73:
69:
63:
62:
57:This article
55:
51:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
774:Tape measure
759:Straightedge
749:Steel square
744:Spirit level
739:Speed square
714:Radius gauge
703:
679:Lesbian rule
649:French curve
639:Feeler gauge
594:Beam compass
517:
512:
503:
465:
457:
439:
434:
404:metal washer
390:Students of
389:
377:
370:
363:
352:
347:
343:inclinometer
340:
304:
292:
286:
280:
270:
266:
262:
260:
255:
242:
184:
176:spirit level
171:
163:
159:
155:
153:
130:
121:
111:
104:
97:
90:
78:
66:Please help
61:verification
58:
888:Woodworking
664:Laser level
644:Flat spline
373:skyscrapers
223:steel tapes
219:theodolites
150:A plumb bob
83:"Plumb bob"
904:Categories
789:Try square
779:Theodolite
724:Set square
709:Protractor
699:Micrometer
694:Meterstick
604:Chalk line
426:References
371:The early
187:instrument
172:plumb-line
94:newspapers
704:Plumb-bob
577:Measuring
267:plumb bob
233:Etymology
199:surveying
156:plumb bob
843:Forestry
833:Cleaning
769:T-square
599:Calipers
414:See also
18:Plumbbob
945:Weights
868:Masonry
858:Kitchen
809:Wiggler
754:Stencil
729:Skirret
614:Compass
368:shape.
272:plumbum
211:gravity
164:plummet
108:scholar
878:Mining
848:Garden
764:Square
478:
448:
320:towers
312:spires
294:aplomb
221:, and
215:levels
207:zenith
110:
103:
96:
89:
81:
883:Power
719:Ruler
474:–94.
316:domes
307:datum
288:plumb
263:plumb
203:nadir
195:plumb
180:datum
162:, or
115:JSTOR
101:books
853:Hand
799:Vise
476:ISBN
446:ISBN
318:and
277:lead
261:The
185:The
87:news
659:Jig
301:Use
282:bob
265:in
70:by
906::
502:.
490:^
472:93
410:.
382:.
314:,
275:('
217:,
158:,
154:A
569:e
562:t
555:v
542:.
536:.
506:.
484:.
365:T
354:E
137:)
131:(
126:)
122:(
112:·
105:·
98:·
91:·
64:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.