1509:
and thus form a large proportion of the forage of grazing livestock. Possibly due to pastoral nostalgia or simply a desire for open areas for play, they dominate most
Western yards as lawns, which consume vast sums of money in upkeep (artificial grazing—mowing—for aesthetics and to keep the allergenic flowers suppressed, irrigation, and fertilizer). Many Bromeliaceae are used as ornamental plants (and one, the pineapple, is internationally grown in the tropics for fruit). Many wetland species of sedges, rushes, grasses, and cattails are important habitat plants for waterfowl, are used in weaving chair seats, and (especially cattails) were important pre-agricultural food sources for man. Two sedges, chufa (
286:
1672:
1238:
1170:
1221:
1187:
134:
1262:
2588:
1839:
1204:
1427:
2557:
1827:
109:
1349:
1508:
as well as bamboos (mostly used structurally, like wood, but somewhat as vegetables), and a few "seasonings" like sugarcane and lemongrass. Graminoids, especially the grasses, are typically dominant in open (low moisture but not yet arid, or also fire climax) habitats like prairie/steppe and savannah
1584:
Barrett, Craig F.; Baker, William J.; Comer, Jason R.; Conran, John G.; Lahmeyer, Sean C.; Leebens-Mack, James H.; Li, Jeff; Lim, Gwynne S.; Mayfield-Jones, Dustin R.; Perez, Leticia; Medina, Jesus; Pires, J. Chris; Santos, Cristian; Wm. Stevenson, Dennis; Zomlefer, Wendy B.; Davis, Jerrold I.
572:. A phylogenetic analysis resolved most relationships within the order but found weak support for the monophyly of the cyperid clade. The relationship between Centrolepidaceae and Restoniaceae within the restiid clade remains unclear; the first may actually be embedded in the latter.
1487:
The Poales are the most economically important order of monocots and possibly the most important order of plants in general. Within the order, by far the most important family economically is the family of grasses (Poaceae, syn. Gramineae), which includes the starch staples
1685:
Briggs, Barbara G.; Marchant, Adam D.; Perkins, Andrew J. (2014). "Phylogeny of the restiid clade (Poales) and implications for the classification of
Anarthriaceae, Centrolepidaceae and Australian Restionaceae".
435:(1998) adopted the same placement of the order, although it used the spelling "commelinoids". It did not include the Bromeliaceae and Mayaceae, but had the additional families
529:
period about 66 million years ago, though some studies (e.g., Bremer, 2002) suggest the origin of the group may extend to nearly 115 million years ago, likely in
635:
553:
1735:
2934:
2746:
1014:
698:
569:
557:
2785:
847:
561:
1587:"Plastid genomes reveal support for deep phylogenetic relationships and extensive rate variation among palms and other commelinid monocots"
1876:
315:, which possess very reduced, one-flowered inflorescences). The flowers of many species are wind pollinated; the seeds usually contain
2720:
1924:
2759:
2764:
1777:
1543:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"
1474:
482:
1456:
540:
The phylogenetic position of Poales within the commelinids was difficult to resolve, but an analysis using complete
2896:
2875:
447:(now transferred out of the monocots; recently discovered to be an 'early-diverging' lineage of flowering plants).
2790:
1869:
1843:
2870:
1452:
1220:
2772:
1903:
1237:
1169:
1929:
1919:
1186:
2668:
2655:
285:
1849:
2929:
2591:
1862:
514:
486:
2839:
2673:
2901:
2800:
1671:
1203:
1914:
1437:
133:
1831:
1448:
1441:
2826:
1720:
D.J. Mabberley. 2000. The Plant-Book, 2nd ed. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, UK, 858 p.
2608:
1353:
290:
2821:
1797:
2813:
2751:
2694:
8:
2883:
2575:
1909:
1752:
1511:
128:
1854:
277:. Sixteen plant families are currently recognized by botanists to be part of Poales.
2808:
2681:
2569:
2384:
1773:
1757:
1703:
1660:
1616:
1608:
1559:
1542:
1517:
1266:
498:
212:
2888:
2686:
2646:
2581:
2166:
1995:
1965:
1793:
1747:
1695:
1650:
1598:
1564:
1554:
1380:
1376:
1289:
1285:
1210:
1049:
506:
451:
407:
2660:
1768:
Judd, W. S., C. S. Campbell, E. A. Kellogg, P. F. Stevens, M. J. Donoghue (2002).
2924:
2469:
2327:
1977:
1940:
1886:
1784:
Linder, H. Peter; Rudall, Paula J. (2005). "Evolutionary
History of the Poales".
1372:
1368:
1277:
1227:
1176:
960:
916:
541:
371:
361:
254:
250:
171:
28:
2777:
1348:
2492:
2449:
2394:
2066:
1990:
1364:
1243:
975:
903:
565:
376:
328:
158:
2862:
454:
did not include an order named Poales, assigning these families to the orders
2918:
2371:
2332:
2264:
2182:
2042:
1890:
1813:
1809:
1707:
1664:
1612:
1406:
1397:
1281:
1193:
1027:
860:
530:
494:
485:, an order including the grass family did not go by the name Poales but by a
444:
440:
366:
344:
306:
258:
184:
66:
1261:
2852:
2631:
2439:
2294:
2274:
2224:
2156:
2124:
2119:
2072:
1772:
pp. 276–292 (Poales). Sinauer
Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
1761:
1620:
1385:
1294:
1064:
648:
604:
589:
549:
545:
463:
403:
349:
295:
232:
116:
2733:
2640:
2507:
2502:
2431:
2347:
2269:
2211:
2200:
2101:
2090:
2060:
2032:
1959:
764:
733:
502:
471:
455:
436:
413:
398:
336:
197:
41:
1637:
Bouchenak-Khelladi, Yanis; Muasya, A. Muthama; Linder, H. Peter (2014).
2487:
2464:
2389:
2342:
2337:
2317:
2279:
2195:
2078:
2017:
2009:
1639:"A revised evolutionary history of Poales: origins and diversification"
1569:
1333:
1310:
875:
786:
718:
526:
490:
432:
424:
387:
355:
274:
266:
86:
51:
1655:
1638:
1603:
1586:
2738:
2707:
2517:
2497:
2454:
2444:
2161:
2022:
1953:
801:
663:
510:
459:
418:
381:
270:
91:
35:
2725:
2602:
1426:
2847:
2625:
2512:
2421:
2416:
2404:
2352:
2322:
2246:
2143:
2109:
2084:
2027:
1838:
1699:
1521:) are still at least locally important wetland starchy root crops.
475:
467:
81:
76:
61:
56:
46:
2712:
2556:
2479:
2459:
2309:
2299:
2289:
2284:
2171:
1318:
938:
392:
332:
262:
96:
71:
1736:"Gondwanan Evolution of the Grass Alliance of Families (Poales)"
2522:
2256:
2234:
2054:
1826:
1497:
1489:
534:
525:
The earliest fossils attributed to the Poales date to the late
316:
311:
302:
1636:
1632:
1630:
2834:
2699:
1505:
1493:
145:
108:
552:. Major lineages within the Poales have been referred to as
1627:
1501:
1540:
305:
are typically small, enclosed by bracts, and arranged in
1770:
Plant
Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, 2nd edition.
1884:
1583:
1383:
the name was used for an order placed in the subclass
1146:
The four most species-rich families in the order are:
1684:
1786:
Annual Review of
Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics
1678:
1389:. The order consisted of one family only (1981):
2916:
1577:
1515:, also a significant weed) and water chestnut (
1288:it consisted of only the single family. In the
261:, and includes families of plants such as the
1870:
1336:now assigns the plants involved to the order
1783:
1536:
1534:
1292:it is used for an order (placed in subclass
544:found support for Poales as sister group of
1455:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1877:
1863:
520:
107:
16:Order of monocotyledonous flowering plants
1751:
1654:
1602:
1568:
1558:
1531:
1475:Learn how and when to remove this message
339:, and accepts the following 16 families:
1798:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.102403.135635
1643:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1547:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1347:
1260:
284:
1806:Flora of the Southeastern United States
2935:Extant Maastrichtian first appearances
2917:
1733:
1409:now assigns these plants to the order
309:(except in three species of the genus
2607:
2606:
1858:
533:. The earliest known fossils include
501:(first edition, first volume, 1926),
2876:3a59907c-ae2c-40a6-9690-8a500742581f
2840:459CD035-D50B-4F3F-B6B7-514D6338A850
2801:09a2388f-3f6e-4f47-8319-0ee09f72e127
1453:adding citations to reliable sources
1420:
1251:
1541:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009).
13:
1753:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01451.x
331:(2009) accepts the order within a
14:
2946:
1819:
2587:
2586:
2555:
1837:
1825:
1670:
1560:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
1425:
1236:
1219:
1202:
1185:
1168:
132:
39:
1727:
1343:
1298:) and circumscribed as (1981):
439:(now included in Thurniaceae),
1714:
280:
1:
1524:
1284:(update, of 1964) and in the
1375:. The name was published by
1256:
1159:Eriocaulaceae: 1,150 species
1141:
497:(update of 1964) and in the
7:
1276:was a name for an order of
1156:Bromeliaceae: 3,170 species
515:Bentham & Hooker system
322:
10:
2951:
487:descriptive botanical name
2615:
2564:
2553:
2478:
2430:
2412:
2403:
2380:
2369:
2308:
2255:
2242:
2233:
2220:
2209:
2191:
2180:
2152:
2141:
2100:
2050:
2041:
2008:
2004:
1986:
1975:
1949:
1938:
1898:
1153:Cyperaceae: 5,500 species
1062:
1047:
1040:
1025:
1018:
973:
958:
951:
936:
929:
914:
907:
897:
873:
858:
851:
841:
799:
784:
777:
762:
755:
731:
716:
709:
702:
692:
685:
661:
646:
639:
629:
602:
587:
580:
238:
231:
224:
219:
129:Scientific classification
127:
115:
106:
23:
443:(now in Typhaceae), and
395:(Grasses, Bamboo, Reeds)
31:- Recent (but see text)
1416:
1150:Poaceae: 12,070 species
521:Evolution and phylogeny
509:(last revised 1935) or
1357:
1354:Eriocaulon decangulare
1270:
517:(third volume, 1883).
298:
291:Billbergia pyramidalis
2822:Paleobiology Database
1804:Small, J. K. (1903).
1351:
1264:
450:The morphology-based
288:
1834:at Wikimedia Commons
1449:improve this section
636:Bromeliad clade
1393:order Eriocaulales
1164:Diversity of Poales
904:Graminid clade
239:About 1,050 genera
1734:Bremer, K (2002).
1512:Cyperus esculentus
1358:
1280:. As used in the
1271:
1015:Restiid clade
699:Cyperid clade
299:
2930:Angiosperm orders
2912:
2911:
2809:Open Tree of Life
2609:Taxon identifiers
2600:
2599:
2570:Basal angiosperms
2551:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2385:Berberidopsidales
2365:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2132:
1830:Media related to
1656:10.1111/boj.12160
1604:10.1111/nph.13617
1518:Eleocharis dulcis
1485:
1484:
1477:
1267:Cyperus javanicus
1252:Historic taxonomy
1138:
1137:
1129:
1128:
1120:
1119:
1111:
1110:
1102:
1101:
1093:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1075:
1074:
1004:
1003:
995:
994:
986:
985:
886:
885:
830:
829:
821:
820:
812:
811:
744:
743:
674:
673:
615:
614:
499:Hutchinson system
243:
242:
215:
121:Triticum aestivum
2942:
2905:
2904:
2892:
2891:
2879:
2878:
2866:
2865:
2856:
2855:
2843:
2842:
2830:
2829:
2817:
2816:
2804:
2803:
2794:
2793:
2781:
2780:
2778:NHMSYS0021060390
2768:
2767:
2755:
2754:
2742:
2741:
2729:
2728:
2716:
2715:
2703:
2702:
2690:
2689:
2677:
2676:
2664:
2663:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2604:
2603:
2590:
2589:
2559:
2410:
2409:
2378:
2377:
2240:
2239:
2218:
2217:
2189:
2188:
2150:
2149:
2048:
2047:
2006:
2005:
1984:
1983:
1966:Austrobaileyales
1947:
1946:
1925:Acrogymnospermae
1887:flowering plants
1879:
1872:
1865:
1856:
1855:
1842:Data related to
1841:
1829:
1801:
1765:
1755:
1746:(7): 1374–1387.
1721:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1668:
1658:
1634:
1625:
1624:
1606:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1562:
1538:
1480:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1460:
1429:
1421:
1381:Cronquist system
1377:Takenoshin Nakai
1373:flowering plants
1290:Cronquist system
1286:Wettstein system
1278:flowering plants
1240:
1223:
1211:Xyris complanata
1206:
1189:
1172:
1050:Centrolepidaceae
1043:
1042:
1021:
1020:
954:
953:
932:
931:
910:
909:
900:
899:
854:
853:
848:Xyrid clade
844:
843:
780:
779:
758:
757:
712:
711:
705:
704:
695:
694:
688:
687:
642:
641:
632:
631:
583:
582:
576:
575:
507:Wettstein system
452:Cronquist system
408:Centrolepidaceae
255:flowering plants
211:
137:
136:
111:
101:
38:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2900:
2895:
2887:
2882:
2874:
2869:
2861:
2859:
2851:
2846:
2838:
2833:
2825:
2820:
2812:
2807:
2799:
2797:
2789:
2784:
2776:
2771:
2763:
2758:
2750:
2745:
2737:
2732:
2724:
2719:
2711:
2706:
2698:
2693:
2685:
2680:
2672:
2667:
2659:
2654:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2611:
2601:
2596:
2560:
2527:
2474:
2426:
2399:
2374:
2357:
2328:Crossosomatales
2304:
2251:
2229:
2214:
2205:
2185:
2176:
2167:Trochodendrales
2146:
2129:
2096:
2037:
2000:
1996:Ceratophyllales
1980:
1971:
1943:
1934:
1915:Marchantiophyta
1894:
1883:
1822:
1730:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1635:
1628:
1591:New Phytologist
1582:
1578:
1539:
1532:
1527:
1481:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1446:
1430:
1419:
1346:
1259:
1254:
1247:
1241:
1232:
1228:Elegia capensis
1224:
1215:
1207:
1198:
1190:
1181:
1177:Typha latifolia
1173:
1144:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1005:
996:
987:
961:Ecdeiocoleaceae
917:Flagellariaceae
887:
831:
822:
813:
745:
675:
616:
542:chloroplast DNA
523:
429:
372:Flagellariaceae
362:Ecdeiocoleaceae
325:
283:
210:
131:
102:
100:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
33:
32:
29:Late Cretaceous
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2948:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2893:
2889:wfo-9000000415
2880:
2867:
2857:
2844:
2831:
2818:
2805:
2795:
2782:
2769:
2756:
2743:
2730:
2717:
2704:
2691:
2678:
2665:
2652:
2637:
2621:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2470:Paracryphiales
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2436:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2395:Caryophyllales
2392:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1978:Mesangiosperms
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1950:
1944:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1920:Polypodiophyta
1917:
1912:
1907:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1846:at Wikispecies
1835:
1821:
1820:External links
1818:
1817:
1816:
1802:
1781:
1766:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1713:
1700:10.12705/631.1
1677:
1626:
1597:(2): 855–870.
1576:
1553:(2): 105–121.
1529:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1483:
1482:
1433:
1431:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1365:botanical name
1345:
1342:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1314:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1244:Foxtail millet
1242:
1235:
1233:
1231:, Restionaceae
1225:
1218:
1216:
1208:
1201:
1199:
1191:
1184:
1182:
1174:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1002:
1001:
998:
997:
993:
992:
989:
988:
984:
983:
980:
979:
976:Joinvilleaceae
972:
969:
968:
965:
964:
957:
952:
950:
947:
946:
943:
942:
935:
930:
928:
925:
924:
921:
920:
913:
908:
906:
898:
896:
893:
892:
889:
888:
884:
883:
880:
879:
872:
869:
868:
865:
864:
857:
852:
850:
842:
840:
837:
836:
833:
832:
828:
827:
824:
823:
819:
818:
815:
814:
810:
809:
806:
805:
798:
795:
794:
791:
790:
783:
778:
776:
773:
772:
769:
768:
761:
756:
754:
751:
750:
747:
746:
742:
741:
738:
737:
730:
727:
726:
723:
722:
715:
710:
708:
703:
701:
693:
691:
686:
684:
681:
680:
677:
676:
672:
671:
668:
667:
660:
657:
656:
653:
652:
645:
640:
638:
630:
628:
622:
621:
618:
617:
613:
612:
609:
608:
601:
598:
597:
594:
593:
586:
581:
579:
574:
570:restiid clades
522:
519:
428:
427:
422:
416:
411:
401:
396:
390:
385:
379:
377:Joinvilleaceae
374:
369:
364:
359:
353:
347:
341:
329:APG III system
324:
321:
307:inflorescences
282:
279:
259:monocotyledons
241:
240:
236:
235:
229:
228:
222:
221:
217:
216:
205:
201:
200:
195:
188:
187:
182:
175:
174:
169:
162:
161:
156:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
125:
124:
113:
112:
104:
103:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2947:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2903:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2854:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2792:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2593:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2493:Metteniusales
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2450:Escalloniales
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2372:Superasterids
2368:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2265:Zygophyllales
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2183:Core eudicots
2179:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2140:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2067:Petrosaviales
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1991:Chloranthales
1989:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1974:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1868:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1815:
1814:United States
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1779:
1778:0-87893-403-0
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1731:
1717:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1681:
1673:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1631:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1580:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1537:
1535:
1530:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1479:
1476:
1468:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1434:This section
1432:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1407:APG IV system
1399:
1398:Eriocaulaceae
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1282:Engler system
1279:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1245:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1194:Carex demissa
1188:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1171:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1134:
1133:
1125:
1124:
1116:
1115:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1097:
1089:
1088:
1080:
1079:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:Anarthriaceae
1023:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1000:
999:
991:
990:
982:
981:
978:
977:
971:
970:
967:
966:
963:
962:
956:
955:
949:
948:
945:
944:
941:
940:
934:
933:
927:
926:
923:
922:
919:
918:
912:
911:
905:
902:
901:
895:
894:
891:
890:
882:
881:
878:
877:
871:
870:
867:
866:
863:
862:
861:Eriocaulaceae
856:
855:
849:
846:
845:
839:
838:
835:
834:
826:
825:
817:
816:
808:
807:
804:
803:
797:
796:
793:
792:
789:
788:
782:
781:
775:
774:
771:
770:
767:
766:
760:
759:
753:
752:
749:
748:
740:
739:
736:
735:
729:
728:
725:
724:
721:
720:
714:
713:
707:
706:
700:
697:
696:
690:
689:
683:
682:
679:
678:
670:
669:
666:
665:
659:
658:
655:
654:
651:
650:
644:
643:
637:
634:
633:
627:
624:
623:
620:
619:
611:
610:
607:
606:
600:
599:
596:
595:
592:
591:
585:
584:
578:
577:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
538:
536:
532:
531:South America
528:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
495:Engler system
492:
488:
484:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
448:
446:
445:Hydatellaceae
442:
441:Sparganiaceae
438:
434:
426:
423:
420:
417:
415:
412:
409:
405:
402:
400:
397:
394:
391:
389:
386:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
367:Eriocaulaceae
365:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
346:
345:Anarthriaceae
343:
342:
340:
338:
335:clade called
334:
330:
320:
318:
314:
313:
308:
304:
297:
293:
292:
287:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
237:
234:
230:
227:
223:
218:
214:
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:Tracheophytes
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
135:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
105:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
37:
30:
22:
19:
2616:
2440:Aquifoliales
2333:Picramniales
2295:Cucurbitales
2275:Malpighiales
2225:Saxifragales
2157:Ranunculales
2125:Zingiberales
2120:Commelinales
2114:
2073:Dioscoreales
1954:Amborellales
1930:Angiospermae
1805:
1789:
1785:
1769:
1743:
1739:
1728:Bibliography
1716:
1694:(1): 24–46.
1691:
1687:
1680:
1646:
1642:
1594:
1590:
1579:
1550:
1546:
1516:
1510:
1486:
1471:
1462:
1447:Please help
1435:
1410:
1404:
1386:Commelinidae
1384:
1361:Eriocaulales
1360:
1359:
1352:
1344:Eriocaulales
1337:
1331:
1323:
1317:
1309:
1303:
1295:Commelinidae
1293:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1226:
1214:, Xyridaceae
1209:
1197:, Cyperaceae
1192:
1175:
1145:
1065:Restionaceae
1063:
1048:
1026:
974:
959:
937:
915:
874:
859:
800:
785:
763:
732:
717:
662:
649:Bromeliaceae
647:
625:
605:Zingiberales
603:
590:Commelinales
588:
550:Zingiberales
546:Commelinales
539:
537:and fruits.
524:
480:
464:Hydatellales
449:
431:The earlier
430:
404:Restionaceae
352:(Bromeliads)
350:Bromeliaceae
326:
310:
300:
296:Bromeliaceae
289:
249:are a large
246:
244:
225:
207:
191:
178:
165:
152:
120:
117:Common wheat
18:
2734:iNaturalist
2641:Wikispecies
2508:Gentianales
2503:Boraginales
2432:Campanulids
2348:Brassicales
2270:Celastrales
2212:Superrosids
2201:Dilleniales
2102:Commelinids
2091:Asparagales
2061:Alismatales
2033:Magnoliales
1960:Nymphaeales
1941:Angiosperms
1902:Supergroup
1792:: 107–124.
1649:(1): 4–16.
1570:10654/18083
1180:, Typhaceae
765:Thurniaceae
734:Rapateaceae
503:Glumiflorae
472:Restionales
456:Bromeliales
437:Prioniaceae
414:Thurniaceae
406:(including
399:Rapateaceae
337:commelinids
281:Description
198:Commelinids
172:Angiosperms
2919:Categories
2576:Alismatids
2488:Icacinales
2465:Dipsacales
2390:Santalales
2343:Huerteales
2338:Sapindales
2318:Geraniales
2280:Oxalidales
2196:Gunnerales
2079:Pandanales
2018:Canellales
2010:Magnoliids
1885:Orders of
1525:References
1465:March 2019
1334:APG system
1311:Cyperaceae
876:Xyridaceae
787:Cyperaceae
719:Mayacaceae
527:Cretaceous
491:Graminales
433:APG system
425:Xyridaceae
421:(Cattails)
388:Mayacaceae
356:Cyperaceae
294:of family
267:bromeliads
34:66–0
2523:Vahliales
2518:Solanales
2498:Garryales
2455:Bruniales
2445:Asterales
2162:Proteales
2023:Piperales
1910:Bryophyta
1740:Evolution
1708:0040-0262
1665:0024-4074
1613:0028-646X
1436:does not
1379:. In the
1324:Gramineae
1304:Cyperales
1274:Cyperales
1257:Cyperales
1246:, Poaceae
1142:Diversity
802:Juncaceae
664:Typhaceae
554:bromeliad
511:Glumaceae
481:In early
460:Cyperales
419:Typhaceae
382:Juncaceae
233:Diversity
226:See text
220:Families
142:Kingdom:
2871:VicFlora
2860:VASCAN:
2853:50181956
2848:Tropicos
2626:Wikidata
2592:Category
2582:Lilioids
2513:Lamiales
2422:Ericales
2417:Cornales
2405:Asterids
2353:Malvales
2323:Myrtales
2144:Eudicots
2110:Arecales
2085:Liliales
2055:Acorales
2043:Monocots
2028:Laurales
1810:New York
1762:12206239
1621:26350789
1585:(2015).
566:graminid
489:such as
476:Typhales
468:Juncales
384:(Rushes)
358:(Sedges)
323:Taxonomy
185:Monocots
2480:Lamiids
2460:Apiales
2310:Malvids
2300:Fagales
2290:Rosales
2285:Fabales
2247:Vitales
2172:Buxales
1457:removed
1442:sources
1396:family
1367:for an
1319:Poaceae
1316:family
1308:family
939:Poaceae
558:cyperid
513:in the
505:in the
493:in the
483:systems
393:Poaceae
333:monocot
303:flowers
263:grasses
257:in the
204:Order:
146:Plantae
2925:Poales
2902:234035
2827:182987
2814:921871
2798:NZOR:
2765:846620
2661:214973
2647:Poales
2632:Q28502
2617:Poales
2257:Fabids
2235:Rosids
2115:Poales
1891:APG IV
1844:Poales
1832:Poales
1808:, 48.
1776:
1760:
1706:
1663:
1619:
1611:
1504:, and
1498:millet
1490:barley
1411:Poales
1338:Poales
1302:order
626:Poales
568:, and
535:pollen
317:starch
312:Mayaca
275:sedges
271:rushes
247:Poales
208:Poales
24:Poales
2897:WoRMS
2835:Plazi
2791:38820
2752:12583
2747:IRMNG
2739:47162
2713:1POAO
2687:627VM
1904:Plant
1850:APWeb
1688:Taxon
1506:wheat
1494:maize
1369:order
1363:is a
562:xyrid
548:plus
251:order
213:Small
192:Clade
179:Clade
166:Clade
153:Clade
2786:NCBI
2760:ITIS
2726:1369
2721:GBIF
2708:EPPO
2700:4075
2669:BOLD
2656:APNI
1774:ISBN
1758:PMID
1704:ISSN
1661:ISSN
1617:PMID
1609:ISSN
1502:rice
1440:any
1438:cite
1417:Uses
1405:The
1332:The
1322:(or
474:and
327:The
301:The
273:and
245:The
42:PreꞒ
2884:WFO
2773:NBN
2695:EoL
2682:CoL
2674:200
1794:doi
1748:doi
1696:doi
1651:doi
1647:175
1599:doi
1595:209
1565:hdl
1555:doi
1551:161
1451:by
1371:of
253:of
2921::
2899::
2886::
2873::
2863:55
2850::
2837::
2824::
2811::
2788::
2775::
2762::
2749::
2736::
2723::
2710::
2697::
2684::
2671::
2658::
2643::
2628::
1812:,
1790:36
1788:.
1756:.
1744:56
1742:.
1738:.
1702:.
1692:63
1690:.
1659:.
1645:.
1641:.
1629:^
1615:.
1607:.
1593:.
1589:.
1563:.
1549:.
1545:.
1533:^
1500:,
1496:,
1492:,
1413:.
1340:.
564:,
560:,
556:,
478:.
470:,
466:,
462:,
458:,
319:.
269:,
265:,
194::
181::
168::
155::
123:)
92:Pg
36:Ma
2580:³
2574:²
2568:¹
2093:³
2087:³
2081:³
2075:³
2069:³
2063:²
2057:²
1968:¹
1962:¹
1956:¹
1906::
1893:)
1889:(
1878:e
1871:t
1864:v
1800:.
1796::
1780:.
1764:.
1750::
1710:.
1698::
1667:.
1653::
1623:.
1601::
1573:.
1567::
1557::
1478:)
1472:(
1467:)
1463:(
1459:.
1445:.
1326:)
410:)
119:(
97:N
87:K
82:J
77:T
72:P
67:C
62:D
57:S
52:O
47:Ꞓ
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
