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Pohoy

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134:. It noted the inland towns of Guacozo, Luca, Vicela, Tocaste, all of which may have been Safety Harbor culture settlements. The de Soto expedition is not known to have entered Capaloey territory. The Utiza and Mocoso chiefdoms disappeared within 35 years after the encounter with the de Soto expedition, and Tocobago dominated Tampa Bay when 256:. The Spanish received reports that more than 300 people died in that battle. Surviving Pohoy ambushed a Bomto party headed to St. Augustine, killing several. Several of those Pohoy were in turn killed or carried off by Uchise warriors. The Pohoy and Amacapira (and the Bomto) disappeared from history after that. 226:
in 1727, with the survivors leaving the area. A new village of Pohoy, Alfaya and Amacapira, and a neighboring village of Jororo, had been established by 1731. Most of the Pohoy, Alafae, Amacapira, and Jororo Indians moved away again in 1734, in response to an attempt by the new governor of Florida to
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A Spanish expedition down the coast from the mouth of the Suwannee River in 1680 sought to reach the Calusa domain. The Spanish were warned by the Pohoy chief to turn back. Due to increasingly strident warnings in the next few villages on the way to Calusa, the Spanish did retreat. This expedition
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The Alafay people (also known as Alafaes, Alafaia, and Elafay) were associated with the Pohoy, probably as a sub-group. In the seventeenth century Pohoy territory included the area along the Alafia River. The Spanish expedition of 1680 reported that Elafay was the next town beyond Pohoy, with 300
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chiefdom. (That year the Spanish referred to the "province of Carlos, Posoy, and Matecumbe", i.e., Calusa, Pohoy, and the Florida Keys.) Pohoy and Calusa were described as hostile to the Spanish in 1675. At that time the town of Pohoy was said to be on a river six
182:) found the Tampa Bay area to be largely deserted. While the Spanish were told that there were many people in villages in the area, they did not see them. The expedition's report mentioned Pohoy several times, but the Spanish apparently did not visit the town. 161:
being the name Hernando de Soto gave it in 1539. "Bay of Pohoy" or "Bay of Pooy" apparently was applied to the southern part of Tampa Bay. The Tocobago were weakened by the Spanish attack, and the Pohoy became the dominant power in Tampa Bay for a while.
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area. People in the Safety Harbor culture lived in chiefdoms, consisting of a chief town and several outlying communities, controlling about 15 miles (24 km) of shoreline and extending 20 miles (32 km) or so inland. Ceremonial earthwork
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people in Pohoy, and 40 in Elafay. The 1699 Spanish expedition reported having passed through an abandoned village named Elafay near Tampa Bay. In 1734 Don Antonio Pojoi was identified as the leader of the Alafaias Costas nation.
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by the Spanish and "Lower Creeks" by the English) at the beginning of the eighteenth century, the surviving Pohoy people lived in several locations in peninsular Florida. The Pohoy disappeared from historical accounts after 1739.
203:. Alafae people were also recorded as living with other refugee groups here by 1717. Between 1718 and 1723, 162 Alafae were baptized there. In 1718 Pohoy people attacked a village of Tocobago at the mouth of the 230:
By the early eighteenth century, all of the indigenous groups in peninsular Florida were working with and looking to the Spanish authorities for protection from Uchise raiders. (The Uchise were the
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were built in the chief towns. Chief towns were occasionally abandoned and new towns built. There are fifteen or more Safety Harbor chief town sites known, most of which are located on a shoreline.
154:. In 1612, the Spanish launched a punitive expedition down the Suwannee River and along the Gulf coast, attacking Tocobago and Pohoy; they killed many of the native people, including both chiefs. 150:
who had been converted to Christianity. In 1611 a raiding party from the two chiefdoms killed several Christianized Indians carrying supplies to the Spanish mission (Cofa) at the mouth of the
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Warfare broke out in 1738 among several of the native groups. In the 1730s the Pohoy held a number of Jororo slaves, and were being paid tribute by the Bomto or Bonito, who had ties to the
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and Jororo. In 1739 the Bomto attacked a camp of the Pohoy and Amacapira, killing more than 20 people. Only one Pohoy man escaped. The Bomto spared the Jororo slaves in the camp.
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known as "Lower Creeks" by the British colonists.) The Spanish hoped that the Indians would help protect St. Augustine and Florida from encroachment by British colonists in the
1770: 119:. Capaloey, was on Hillsborough Bay (the northeast arm of Tampa Bay), which may have included the Hillsborough River. Historian Jerald Milanich states that the name 1668: 1739: 694: 30:
in present-day Florida in the late sixteenth century and all of the seventeenth century. Following slave-taking raids by people from the Lower Towns of the
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The name Pohoy first appears in historical accounts early in the seventeenth century. In 1608, an alliance of Pohoy and Tocobago may have threatened those
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described the Pohoy, but not the Calusa, as "docile". A Spanish expedition in 1699 that traveled overland from San Francisco de Potano (near present-day
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When the Spanish reached Tampa Bay early in the sixteenth century, they found four chiefdoms on the shores of the bay. The town of
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Early in the eighteenth century, Pohoy and Tocobago Indians were living together in a village near the Spanish colonial town of
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Childers, Ronald Wayne (Spring 2002). "Historic Notes and Documents: A Late Seventeenth-Century Journey to Tampa Bay".
1192: 1693: 1658: 1462: 1332: 1182: 1137: 252:, and the Calusa retaliated for the attack on the Pohoy by attacking the Bomto-allied Mayaca people living near 1603: 1397: 1372: 1292: 984: 728: 135: 131: 1608: 1157: 219:, Amacapira (possibly related to the Pohoy) and later, Alafae people, in villages south of St. Augustine. 116: 1703: 1472: 1057: 1042: 916: 1312: 1067: 504: 1530: 1482: 1004: 31: 1417: 1272: 1242: 801: 703: 130:
landed in Uzita territory in 1539. It passed through Mocoso territory, and further north along the
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The Spanish of that expedition referred to Tampa Bay as the "Bay of Espiritu Santo and Pojoy",
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re-settle Indians in villages closer to St. Augustine and extract unpaid labor from them.
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The Spanish variously recorded the name of the chiefdom and people as Pohoy,
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was at the northern end of Old Tampa Bay (the northwest arm of Tampa Bay).
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List of sites and peoples visited by the Hernando de Soto Expedition
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from Tocobago, perhaps on the Hillsborough River or Alafia River.
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Many Native American people were reported to have died in an
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Hann, John H. (Fall 1995). "Demise of the Pojoy and Bomto".
316: 67:. Jerald Milanich states that the name "Pohoy" is a form of 1643: 404: 306: 304: 392: 352: 328: 639:. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. 600:. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. 301: 480: 468: 456: 444: 492: 289: 99:controlled the south shore of Tampa Bay, from the 620:"Where Did de Soto Land? Identifying Bahia Honda" 277: 1771:Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands 1757: 165:By 1634 Pohoy was allied with or subject to the 702: 248:The Pohoy were still allies or subjects of the 598:Indians of Central and South Florida 1513-1763 688: 656:Florida Indians and the Invasion from Europe 637:Florida Indians and the Invasion from Europe 695: 681: 111:was on the east side of Tampa Bay, on the 1203:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park 653: 634: 614: 553: 522: 518: 438: 434: 422: 410: 386: 382: 378: 346: 334: 322: 310: 433:, pp. 122, 125–126, 128–129, 131; 1758: 141: 676: 194: 595: 574: 538: 534: 514: 510: 498: 486: 474: 462: 450: 430: 426: 398: 374: 370: 358: 295: 283: 74: 1674:Norse colonization of North America 13: 1781:Native American history of Florida 215:Indians were living together with 42: 14: 1797: 1786:Former chiefdoms in North America 1776:Native American tribes in Florida 577:The Florida Historical Quarterly 556:The Florida Historical Quarterly 185: 1766:Extinct Native American peoples 1694:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex 79:Tampa Bay was the heart of the 537:, pp. 184–185, 194, 199; 16:Chiefdom on Tampa Bay, Florida 1: 547: 1659:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing 1609:Eastern Agricultural Complex 654:Milanich, Jerald T. (1998). 635:Milanich, Jerald T. (1995). 7: 1043:Bandelier National Monument 917:List of Mississippian sites 704:Pre-Columbian North America 259: 10: 1802: 1463:West Oak Forest Earthlodge 1068:The Bluff Point Stoneworks 777:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) 624:The Florida Anthropologist 211:. In the 1720s and 1730s, 1732: 1704:Three Sisters agriculture 1559: 1491: 1023: 752: 710: 425:, pp. 515, 517–518; 377:, pp. 120–121, 131; 1243:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site 802:Buttermilk Creek complex 517:, pp. 99, 130–133; 271: 136:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés 1443:Town Creek Indian Mound 1413:Sierra de San Francisco 1268:Meadowcroft Rockshelter 138:visited there in 1567. 123:is a form of Capaloey. 1098:Coso Rock Art District 985:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek 888:List of Hopewell sites 596:Hann, John H. (2003). 349:, pp. 72–73, 157. 1506:Arlington Springs Man 1348:Portsmouth Earthworks 381:, pp. 295, 299; 325:, pp. 28, 71–73. 209:Province of Apalachee 81:Safety Harbor culture 1714:Transoceanic contact 1604:Container Revolution 1178:Gila Cliff Dwellings 1143:Etowah Indian Mounds 513:, pp. 186–187; 101:Little Manatee River 32:Muscogee Confederacy 1634:Green Corn Ceremony 1448:Turkey River Mounds 1238:Lake Jackson Mounds 1058:Blue Spring Shelter 616:Milanich, Jerald T. 541:, pp. 133–134. 413:, pp. 517–518. 401:, pp. 125–126. 361:, pp. 120–121. 142:Seventeenth century 132:Withlacoochee River 115:and, possibly, the 1719:Underwater panther 1393:Rosenstock Village 1263:Marmes Rockshelter 1248:L'Anse aux Meadows 373:, pp. 187–8; 195:Eighteenth century 128:de Soto expedition 117:Hillsborough River 1753: 1752: 1745:Pre-Columbian era 1546:Spirit Cave mummy 1343:Plum Bayou Mounds 1253:Lynch Quarry Site 772:Ancient Beringian 665:978-0-8130-1636-8 646:978-0-8130-1360-2 618:(December 1989). 607:978-0-8130-2645-9 236:Southern Colonies 75:Sixteenth century 26:on the shores of 1793: 1689:Projectile point 1526:Leanderthal Lady 1453:Upward Sun River 1428:Stallings Island 1418:Shell ring sites 1368:Recapture Canyon 1283:Moorehead Circle 1128:El Fin del Mundo 1113:Cueva de la Olla 919: 906:Maritime Archaic 890: 720: 697: 690: 683: 674: 673: 669: 650: 631: 611: 592: 571: 542: 532: 526: 508: 502: 496: 490: 484: 478: 472: 466: 460: 454: 448: 442: 420: 414: 408: 402: 396: 390: 368: 362: 356: 350: 344: 338: 332: 326: 320: 314: 308: 299: 293: 287: 281: 1801: 1800: 1796: 1795: 1794: 1792: 1791: 1790: 1756: 1755: 1754: 1749: 1740:Genetic history 1728: 1582:Ceremonial pipe 1555: 1536:Minnesota Woman 1493: 1487: 1308:Ocmulgee Mounds 1288:Morrison Mounds 1233:Kolomoki Mounds 1223:Kimball Village 1083:Candelaria Cave 1025: 1019: 1000:Suwannee Valley 935:Old Cordilleran 915: 886: 754: 748: 714: 706: 701: 666: 647: 608: 550: 545: 533: 529: 509: 505: 497: 493: 485: 481: 473: 469: 461: 457: 449: 445: 429:, p. 188; 421: 417: 409: 405: 397: 393: 369: 365: 357: 353: 345: 341: 333: 329: 321: 317: 309: 302: 294: 290: 282: 278: 274: 262: 254:Lake Okeechobee 232:Muscogee people 197: 188: 144: 77: 45: 43:Alternate names 17: 12: 11: 5: 1799: 1789: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1751: 1750: 1748: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1733: 1730: 1729: 1727: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1664:Mound Builders 1661: 1656: 1651: 1649:Medicine wheel 1646: 1641: 1639:Horned Serpent 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1590: 1589: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1556: 1554: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1497: 1495: 1489: 1488: 1486: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1378:Roberts Island 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1313:Old Stone Fort 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1278:Moaning Cavern 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1228:Kincaid Mounds 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1108:Cuarenta Casas 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1063:Bluefish Caves 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1029: 1027: 1024:Archaeological 1021: 1020: 1018: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 922: 921: 920: 908: 903: 898: 893: 892: 891: 879: 874: 869: 864: 859: 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 822:Caloosahatchee 819: 814: 809: 807:Caborn-Welborn 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 769: 764: 758: 756: 753:Archaeological 750: 749: 747: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 711: 708: 707: 700: 699: 692: 685: 677: 671: 670: 664: 651: 645: 632: 612: 606: 593: 583:(2): 184–200. 572: 549: 546: 544: 543: 527: 525:, p. 111. 521:, p. 73; 503: 491: 489:, p. 102. 479: 477:, p. 150. 467: 465:, p. 125. 455: 453:, p. 131. 443: 441:, p. 111. 437:, p. 73; 415: 403: 391: 389:, p. 110. 385:, p. 73; 363: 351: 339: 337:, p. 299. 327: 315: 300: 298:, p. 134. 288: 275: 273: 270: 269: 268: 261: 258: 196: 193: 187: 184: 159:Espiritu Santo 152:Suwannee River 143: 140: 76: 73: 44: 41: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1798: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1763: 1761: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1624:Falcon dancer 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1588: 1585: 1584: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1562: 1560:Miscellaneous 1558: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1531:Melbourne Man 1529: 1527: 1524: 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1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1138:Effigy Mounds 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1103:Crystal River 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1028: 1022: 1016: 1015:Weeden Island 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 980:Safety Harbor 978: 976: 973: 971: 970:Poverty Point 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 950:Paleo-Indians 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 918: 914: 913: 912: 911:Mississippian 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 889: 885: 884: 883: 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 868: 865: 863: 860: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 759: 757: 751: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 719: 718: 713: 712: 709: 705: 698: 693: 691: 686: 684: 679: 678: 675: 667: 661: 657: 652: 648: 642: 638: 633: 630:(4): 295–302. 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 603: 599: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 573: 569: 565: 562:(4): 504–24. 561: 557: 552: 551: 540: 536: 531: 524: 523:Milanich 1998 520: 519:Milanich 1995 516: 512: 507: 501:, p. 99. 500: 495: 488: 483: 476: 471: 464: 459: 452: 447: 440: 439:Milanich 1998 436: 435:Milanich 1995 432: 428: 424: 423:Childers 2002 419: 412: 411:Childers 2002 407: 400: 395: 388: 387:Milanich 1998 384: 383:Milanich 1995 380: 379:Milanich 1989 376: 372: 367: 360: 355: 348: 347:Milanich 1998 343: 336: 335:Milanich 1989 331: 324: 323:Milanich 1995 319: 313:, p. 73. 312: 311:Milanich 1998 307: 305: 297: 292: 286:, p. 16. 285: 280: 276: 267: 264: 263: 257: 255: 251: 246: 244: 239: 237: 233: 228: 225: 220: 218: 214: 210: 206: 205:Wacissa River 202: 201:St. Augustine 192: 186:Alafay people 183: 181: 175: 173: 168: 163: 160: 155: 153: 149: 139: 137: 133: 129: 124: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 89: 87: 82: 72: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 40: 37: 33: 29: 25: 21: 1724:Water glyphs 1679:Oasisamerica 1669:N.A.G.P.R.A. 1629:Folsom point 1619:Effigy mound 1599:Clovis point 1567:Aridoamerica 1468:Wickiup Hill 1423:Spiro Mounds 1403:Salmon Ruins 1398:Russell Cave 1193:Helen Blazes 1188:Grimes Point 1168:Fort Juelson 1158:Fort Ancient 1133:El Vallecito 1093:Chaco Canyon 1033:Angel Mounds 995:Steed-Kisker 945:Paleo-Arctic 867:Glacial Kame 852:Fort Ancient 744:Post-Classic 715: 655: 636: 627: 623: 597: 580: 576: 559: 555: 530: 506: 494: 482: 470: 458: 446: 418: 406: 394: 366: 354: 342: 330: 318: 291: 279: 247: 240: 229: 221: 212: 198: 189: 176: 164: 158: 156: 145: 125: 120: 113:Alafia River 105:Sarasota Bay 90: 78: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 46: 35: 19: 18: 1709:Thunderbird 1577:Black drink 1541:Peñon woman 1478:Winterville 1458:Velda Mound 1438:Taos Pueblo 1333:Parkin Park 1318:Orwell site 1303:Nodena site 1198:Holly Bluff 1173:Four Mounds 1163:Fort Center 1088:Casa Grande 1038:Anzick site 930:Monongahela 857:Fort Walton 832:Coles Creek 797:Belle Glade 782:Anishinaabe 180:Gainesville 1760:Categories 1654:Metallurgy 1614:Eden point 1511:Buhl Woman 1383:Rock Eagle 1373:River Styx 1298:Mummy Cave 1293:Moundville 1273:Mesa Verde 1258:Marksville 1005:Tchefuncte 965:Plaquemine 901:Las Palmas 817:Calf Creek 812:Cades Pond 548:References 1699:Stickball 1388:Rock Hawk 1218:Key Marco 1010:Troyville 990:St. Johns 975:Red Ocher 734:Formative 539:Hann 2003 535:Hann 1995 515:Hann 2003 511:Hann 1995 499:Hann 2003 487:Hann 2003 475:Hann 2003 463:Hann 2003 451:Hann 2003 431:Hann 2003 427:Hann 1995 399:Hann 2003 375:Hann 2003 371:Hann 1995 359:Hann 2003 296:Hann 2003 284:Hann 2003 28:Tampa Bay 1587:Chanunpa 1572:Ballgame 1551:Vero man 1501:Anzick-1 1473:Windover 1433:SunWatch 1363:Rassawek 1183:Glenwood 1073:Brewster 925:Mogollon 896:La Jolla 882:Hopewell 842:Deptford 755:cultures 589:30148820 568:30146374 260:See also 224:epidemic 93:Tocobago 69:Capaloey 34:(called 24:chiefdom 1736:Related 1594:Chunkey 1494:remains 1483:Wupatki 1323:Paquime 1213:Huápoca 1078:Cahokia 1048:Bastian 955:Patayan 877:Hohokam 862:Fremont 837:Comondú 792:Baytown 787:Avonlea 767:Alachua 739:Classic 729:Archaic 717:Periods 207:in the 172:leagues 1153:Folsom 1118:Cutler 1053:Benson 940:Oneota 872:Glades 847:Folsom 827:Clovis 724:Lithic 662:  643:  604:  587:  566:  250:Calusa 243:Mayaca 217:Jororo 167:Calusa 148:Potano 109:Mocoso 86:mounds 63:, and 36:Uchise 22:was a 1684:Piasa 1492:Human 1123:Eaker 1026:sites 960:Plano 762:Adena 585:JSTOR 564:JSTOR 272:Notes 213:Pojoy 121:Pohoy 97:Uzita 65:Pujoy 61:Posoy 53:Pojoi 49:Pojoy 20:Pohoy 1644:Kiva 660:ISBN 641:ISBN 602:ISBN 126:The 57:Pooy 1148:Eva 238:. 103:to 1762:: 628:42 626:. 622:. 581:74 579:. 560:80 558:. 303:^ 107:. 59:, 55:, 51:, 696:e 689:t 682:v 668:. 649:. 610:. 591:. 570:.

Index

chiefdom
Tampa Bay
Muscogee Confederacy
Safety Harbor culture
mounds
Tocobago
Uzita
Little Manatee River
Sarasota Bay
Mocoso
Alafia River
Hillsborough River
de Soto expedition
Withlacoochee River
Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
Potano
Suwannee River
Calusa
leagues
Gainesville
St. Augustine
Wacissa River
Province of Apalachee
Jororo
epidemic
Muscogee people
Southern Colonies
Mayaca
Calusa
Lake Okeechobee

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