304:(blowhole). Exhalation is powered by muscles in the torso. During exhalation, the bony scales in the upper chest become indented. When the muscles are relaxed, the bony scales spring back into position, generating negative pressure within the torso, resulting in a rapid intake of air through the spiracle. The air is nearly sufficient to fill the lungs. This is followed by one cycle of buccal (mouth) pumping, which "tops off" the lungs, with the surplus air from the buccal pumping process discharged through the
1506:
71:
1524:
51:
1500:
192:
33:
401:, attempted to answer this question by making repeated expeditions to Africa. Harrington failed on his first attempt in 1898 and died early on his second in 1899 before he could reach his destination. Budgett failed in 1898/9, 1900, and 1902. He finally succeeded in 1903, but died of
1081:
The Work of John Samuel
Budgett, Balfour Student of the University of Cambridge: Being a Collection of His Zoological Papers, together with a Biographical Sketch by A . E. Shipley, F.R.S., and Contributions by Richard Assheton,
362:
within this order, allocating them to a new tribe, Polypterini, which he created especially for them. The weight of Huxley's authority allowed this allocation to last in textbooks and lectures long after it had been disproved.
483:, was spawned by Armbrust for the first time (1966 and 1973) and bred subsequently by Azuma in 1986; Wolf, 1992; Bartsch and Britz, 1996. The third species successfully spawned in captivity was
334:
of 10 green to yellow-brown species. Naturalists were unsure whether to regard it as a fish or an amphibian. If it were a fish, what type was it: bony, cartilaginous, or lungfish?
466:
as a living stem actinopterygian." Research is ongoing. Most of the conclusions drawn by Kerr from
Budgett's specimens have been confirmed, but many questions remain.
1780:
623:
394:
782:
Graham, Jeffrey B.; Wegner, Nicholas C.; Miller, Lauren A.; Jew, Corey J.; Lai, N Chin; Berquist, Rachel M.; Frank, Lawrence R.; Long, John A. (2014).
421:
627:
1380:
1315:
1669:
1464:
1083:
476:
by
Arnoult in 1964, a species spawned repeatedly since (see Hartl, 1981; Bartsch and Gemballa, 1992; Bartsch et al., 1997 and Schugardt, 1997).
382:. Someone who could do this might prove the "missing link" theory and be greatly honoured, but it could be a dangerous quest. The only breeding
1454:
1427:
341:
as a living fossil, part of the missing link between fishes and amphibians, helping to show how fish fins had evolved to become paired limbs.
1695:
1417:
386:
specimens were in swampy parts of
African rivers. Africa was a turbulent place and swamps were rich breeding grounds for mosquitoes carrying
405:
shortly after his return to
England. He left excellent samples and drawings, but his only writing was a diary. Consequently, his results on
1329:
711:
1400:
957:
443:
confirmed this view, but he also wrote, "The weight of Huxley's opinion is a heavy one, and even today many a text continues to cite
1484:
1357:
1643:
1437:
455:... is not a crossopterygian, but an actinopterygian, and hence can tell us nothing about crossopterygian anatomy and embryology."
508:
to help show what might have happened when fish first attempted to walk out of the water. The team of researchers raised juvenile
1682:
1336:
1025:
1063:
On the systematic position of
Polypterus. Report of the 77th Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science
759:
1687:
1021:
501:
were laid, and at the beginning of 2006, six young hatched. Within two months, they reached 10 cm (about 4 in).
1137:
512:
on land for nearly a year, with the aim of revealing how these 'terrestrialized' fish looked and moved differently.
327:
1747:
552:
149:
1785:
1700:
1207:
784:"Spiracular air breathing in polypterid fishes and its implications for aerial respiration in stem tetrapods"
1044:
1604:
1505:
352:
to house animals, fossil and living, that possessed lungs and fleshy pectoral fins with lobes. He placed
1609:
561:
70:
1739:
1752:
367:
1499:
1130:
725:
641:
636:
618:
595:
581:
538:
1726:
1544:
678:
604:
417:
301:
1674:
749:
1775:
1721:
655:
1713:
1630:
1591:
1582:
795:
692:
277:
462:(1996), writes, "Phylogenetic analyses using both morphological and molecular data affirm
8:
706:
683:
609:
576:
533:
398:
1097:), a basal ray-finned fish: Ancient establishment of the consensus vertebrate gene order
799:
1527:
1123:
943:
873:
840:
720:
590:
566:
65:
447:
as a crossopterygian and it is so described in many a classroom, although students of
1708:
1617:
1282:
992:
878:
860:
856:
821:
813:
783:
755:
669:
650:
547:
504:
In 2014 researchers at McGill
University (published in the journal Nature) turned to
239:
41:
1622:
1596:
1000:
868:
852:
803:
664:
433:
410:
402:
220:
1158:
1298:
231:
228:
1567:
1308:
1192:
1176:
697:
448:
349:
274:
112:
971:
1769:
1474:
1322:
1040:
864:
841:"The integumentary skeleton of tetrapods: origin, evolution, and development"
817:
498:
429:
358:
345:
1350:
882:
825:
440:
235:
224:
158:
1656:
1576:
1648:
1343:
808:
371:
255:
210:
50:
1004:
1661:
1266:
1245:
1219:
1146:
1104:
Morphology and interrelationships of primitive actinopterygian fishes
490:
375:
312:
270:
82:
1538:
1561:
1407:
1390:
1170:
1053:
309:
102:
993:"Revision of the extant Polypteridae (Actinopterygii: Cladistia)"
976:
472:
has rarely been bred in captivity. The first success was that of
387:
305:
263:
191:
176:
32:
1368:
1164:
451:
have realized the falsity of this position for many years. ...
247:
217:
132:
122:
92:
1635:
1734:
331:
206:
1115:
1072:, BioScience, Vol. 51, No. 5 (May, 2001), pp. 399â407
259:
213:
1086:, Edward T. Browne, J. Herbert Budgett and J. Graham Kerr.
958:"Walking fish reveal how our ancestors evolved onto land"
748:
Evans, David H.; Claiborne, James B. (15 December 2005).
1113:, Quarterly Review of Biology 21: 33-69, cited by Hall
1093:
The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the bichir (
781:
1480:
1470:
1460:
1450:
1433:
1423:
1413:
1396:
1386:
1376:
1294:
1278:
1068:
Hall, B. K. (2001) John Samuel
Budgett (1872-1904):
273:
of the genus name derives from a combination of the
479:Shortly after Arnoult's success, a second species,
458:Hall (2001), relying on Patterson (1982) and Noack
1106:. American Zoologist 22: 241-260, cited by Hall.
832:
741:
1767:
839:Vickaryous, Matthew K.; Sire, Jean-Yves (2009).
326:was discovered, described, and named in 1802 by
775:
428:being a crossopterygian, placing it within the
246:). Fish in this genus live in various areas in
838:
747:
1191:
1131:
424:the then current state of evidence 'against'
1088:Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press.
1077:The development of Polypterus senegalus Cuv.
409:were written up and published by his friend
1079:, Pages 195-290 in Kerr, J.G., (ed. 1907),
990:
1138:
1124:
190:
49:
31:
1781:Taxa named by Bernard Germain de LacÊpède
997:Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters
872:
807:
497:in captivity. In December 2005, several
374:could help to answer questions about the
1265:
1099:. Genetics 144:1165-1180, cited by Hall
991:Moritz, Timo; Britz, Ralf (2019-07-23).
1039:
1026:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
933:Romer (1946), pp. 60-61, quoted by Hall
751:The Physiology of Fishes, Third Edition
378:. No one had studied the embryology of
1768:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
1543:
1542:
1157:
1119:
1740:156D1DD8-11D0-1209-3AF3-28849AB214D2
291:
1091:Noack K, Zardoya R, Meyer A. 1996.
889:
288:(wing or fin) – "many fins".
13:
14:
1797:
493:have been successful in breeding
284:(many) and the root word ĎĎÎľĎον,
1523:
1522:
1504:
1498:
1065:(1907): 545-546. Quoted by Hall
857:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01043.x
370:and his students had shown that
69:
984:
964:
416:Drawing on this work, in 1907,
308:. According to one hypothesis,
950:
936:
927:
918:
909:
328:Ătienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
315:may have inhaled in this way.
300:inhales primarily through its
1:
1145:
1111:The early evolution of fishes
734:
318:
7:
10:
1802:
1015:
754:. CRC Press. p. 107.
515:
1551:
1518:
1496:
1367:
1293:
1274:
1261:
1242:
1218:
1200:
1187:
1153:
189:
182:
175:
164:
157:
66:Scientific classification
64:
57:
48:
39:
30:
23:
1070:In Pursuit of Polypterus
1061:Goodrich, E. S. (1908).
1043:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
366:In the 1870s and 1880s,
1095:Polypterus ornatipinnis
637:Polypterus ornatipinnis
619:Polypterus mokelembembe
481:Polypterus ornatipinnis
1786:Freshwater fish genera
679:Polypterus retropinnis
632:(MokèlÊ-mbèmbÊ bichir)
605:Polypterus endlicherii
1722:Paleobiology Database
1102:Patterson C. (1982).
788:Nature Communications
688:(West African bichir)
485:Polypterus endlicheri
439:Much later, in 1946,
432:, the most primitive
1109:Romer, A S. (1946).
716:(Cross River bichir)
693:Polypterus senegalus
474:Polypterus senegalus
376:evolution of species
1075:Kerr, J.G. (1907),
1057:. May 2005 version.
800:2014NatCo...5.3022G
707:Polypterus teugelsi
577:Polypterus congicus
534:Polypterus ansorgii
422:British Association
399:John Samuel Budgett
1045:"Species in genus
845:Journal of Anatomy
809:10.1038/ncomms4022
721:Polypterus weeksii
591:Polypterus delhezi
487:by Azuma in 1995.
348:created the order
296:In shallow water,
254:is the only known
59:Polypterus delhezi
1763:
1762:
1709:Open Tree of Life
1545:Taxon identifiers
1536:
1535:
1514:
1513:
1494:
1493:
1283:Guildayichthyidae
1257:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1238:
1237:
1005:10.23788/IEF-1094
915:Kerr, J.G. (1907)
761:978-0-8493-2022-4
729:
715:
701:
687:
673:
660:(Shortfin bichir)
659:
651:Polypterus palmas
645:
631:
613:
599:
585:
570:
556:
548:Polypterus bichir
542:
395:Nathan Harrington
292:Recoil aspiration
198:
197:
166:Polypterus bichir
153:
42:Polypterus bichir
1793:
1756:
1755:
1743:
1742:
1730:
1729:
1717:
1716:
1704:
1703:
1691:
1690:
1678:
1677:
1665:
1664:
1652:
1651:
1639:
1638:
1626:
1625:
1613:
1612:
1600:
1599:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1540:
1539:
1526:
1525:
1509:
1508:
1502:
1482:
1472:
1462:
1452:
1435:
1425:
1415:
1398:
1388:
1378:
1296:
1280:
1272:
1271:
1263:
1262:
1198:
1197:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1155:
1154:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1117:
1116:
1058:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1009:
1008:
988:
982:
981:
968:
962:
961:
954:
948:
947:
940:
934:
931:
925:
922:
916:
913:
907:
904:
887:
886:
876:
836:
830:
829:
811:
779:
773:
772:
770:
768:
745:
730:(Mottled bichir)
724:
710:
696:
682:
668:
665:Polypterus polli
654:
640:
622:
614:(Saddled bichir)
608:
594:
580:
565:
551:
543:(Guinean bichir)
537:
528:
527:
523:
434:actinopterygians
420:reported to the
411:John Graham Kerr
403:blackwater fever
194:
148:
74:
73:
53:
35:
21:
20:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1751:
1746:
1738:
1733:
1725:
1720:
1712:
1707:
1699:
1694:
1686:
1681:
1673:
1668:
1660:
1655:
1647:
1642:
1634:
1629:
1621:
1616:
1608:
1603:
1595:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1547:
1537:
1532:
1510:
1503:
1490:
1369:Polypteriformes
1363:
1299:Scanilepiformes
1289:
1249:
1234:
1214:
1183:
1160:
1159:
1149:
1144:
1030:
1028:
1020:
1018:
1013:
1012:
989:
985:
970:
969:
965:
956:
955:
951:
942:
941:
937:
932:
928:
924:Goodrich (1908)
923:
919:
914:
910:
905:
890:
837:
833:
780:
776:
766:
764:
762:
746:
742:
737:
674:(Poll's bichir)
646:(Ornate bichir)
600:(Barred bichir)
529:
525:
521:
519:
518:
368:Francis Balfour
321:
294:
232:Polypteriformes
171:
168:
147:
123:Polypteriformes
68:
17:
16:Genus of fishes
12:
11:
5:
1799:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1744:
1731:
1718:
1705:
1692:
1679:
1666:
1653:
1640:
1627:
1614:
1601:
1588:
1573:
1557:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1478:
1468:
1458:
1448:
1441:
1431:
1421:
1411:
1404:
1394:
1384:
1381:Bartschichthys
1373:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1309:Beishanichthys
1304:
1302:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1275:
1269:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1208:Actinopterygii
1201:
1195:
1193:Actinopterygii
1185:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1177:Actinopterygii
1173:
1167:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1120:
1041:Froese, Rainer
1017:
1014:
1011:
1010:
983:
963:
949:
935:
926:
917:
908:
888:
851:(4): 441â464.
831:
774:
760:
739:
738:
736:
733:
732:
731:
717:
703:
689:
675:
661:
647:
633:
615:
601:
587:
586:(Congo bichir)
573:
572:
571:
562:P. b. lapradei
557:(Nile bichir)
544:
517:
514:
449:fish evolution
418:E. S. Goodrich
350:Crossopterygii
337:Some regarded
320:
317:
293:
290:
196:
195:
187:
186:
180:
179:
173:
172:
169:
162:
161:
155:
154:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
113:Actinopterygii
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
62:
61:
55:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1798:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1529:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1507:
1501:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1475:Serenoichthys
1469:
1467:
1466:
1465:Sainthilairia
1459:
1457:
1456:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1408:Erpetoichthys
1405:
1403:
1402:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1323:Fukangichthys
1320:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1292:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1248:
1247:
1241:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1084:Edward J.Bles
1078:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1042:
1037:
1027:
1023:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
987:
979:
978:
973:
967:
959:
953:
945:
939:
930:
921:
912:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
884:
880:
875:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
835:
827:
823:
819:
815:
810:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
778:
763:
757:
753:
752:
744:
740:
727:
723:
722:
718:
713:
709:
708:
704:
702:(Gray bichir)
699:
695:
694:
690:
685:
681:
680:
676:
671:
667:
666:
662:
657:
653:
652:
648:
643:
639:
638:
634:
629:
625:
621:
620:
616:
611:
607:
606:
602:
597:
593:
592:
588:
583:
579:
578:
574:
568:
564:
563:
559:
558:
554:
550:
549:
545:
540:
536:
535:
531:
530:
524:
513:
511:
507:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
486:
482:
477:
475:
471:
467:
465:
461:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
437:
435:
431:
430:palaeoniscids
427:
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
361:
360:
359:Calamoichthys
355:
351:
347:
346:Thomas Huxley
342:
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
316:
314:
311:
307:
303:
299:
289:
287:
283:
279:
276:
272:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
230:
226:
222:
219:
215:
212:
208:
204:
203:
193:
188:
185:
181:
178:
174:
170:Lacepède 1803
167:
163:
160:
156:
151:
146:
145:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
94:
91:
88:
87:
84:
81:
78:
77:
72:
67:
63:
60:
56:
52:
47:
44:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1776:Polypteridae
1552:
1483:
1473:
1463:
1455:Saharichthys
1453:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1428:Latinopollia
1426:
1416:
1406:
1399:
1389:
1379:
1356:
1351:Tanaocrossus
1349:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1281:
1244:
1110:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1052:
1046:
1038:
1029:. Retrieved
1022:"Polypterus"
1019:
996:
986:
975:
966:
952:
938:
929:
920:
911:
848:
844:
834:
791:
787:
777:
765:. Retrieved
750:
743:
719:
705:
691:
677:
663:
649:
635:
617:
603:
589:
575:
567:Steindachner
560:
546:
532:
509:
505:
503:
494:
489:
484:
480:
478:
473:
469:
468:
463:
459:
457:
452:
444:
438:
425:
415:
406:
392:
383:
379:
365:
357:
353:
343:
338:
336:
323:
322:
297:
295:
285:
281:
268:
251:
243:
236:type species
225:Polypteridae
201:
200:
199:
183:
165:
159:Type species
143:
142:
133:Polypteridae
58:
40:
24:
18:
1657:iNaturalist
1577:Wikispecies
1418:Inbecetemia
972:"- YouTube"
944:"Zoo Basel"
906:Hall (2001)
670:J. P. Gosse
240:Nile bichir
1770:Categories
1597:Polypterus
1583:Polypterus
1553:Polypterus
1445:Polypterus
1344:Scanilepis
1330:Mizhilepis
1229:see belowâ
1047:Polypterus
735:References
510:Polypterus
506:Polypterus
495:Polypterus
470:Polypterus
464:Polypterus
453:Polypterus
445:Polypterus
426:Polypterus
407:Polypterus
384:Polypterus
380:Polypterus
372:embryology
354:Polypterus
339:Polypterus
330:. It is a
324:Polypterus
298:Polypterus
256:vertebrate
252:Polypterus
211:freshwater
202:Polypterus
144:Polypterus
25:Polypterus
1401:Dagetella
1267:Cladistia
1246:Cladistia
1220:Cladistia
1163:Kingdom:
1147:Cladistia
865:0021-8782
818:2041-1723
726:Boulenger
642:Boulenger
624:Schliewen
596:Boulenger
582:Boulenger
539:Boulenger
491:Zoo Basel
393:Two men,
344:In 1861,
319:Discovery
313:tetrapods
271:etymology
262:, but no
244:P. bichir
184:See text
89:Kingdom:
83:Eukaryota
1568:Q1303295
1562:Wikidata
1528:Category
1391:Bawitius
1171:Chordata
1169:Phylum:
1165:Animalia
1054:FishBase
883:19422424
826:24451680
794:: 3022.
684:Vaillant
553:LacÊpède
310:Devonian
302:spiracle
258:to have
150:LacÊpède
129:Family:
103:Chordata
99:Phylum:
93:Animalia
79:Domain:
1675:1290758
1649:2346574
1485:Sudania
1358:Toyemia
1316:Evenkia
1175:Class:
1016:Sources
977:YouTube
874:2736118
796:Bibcode
767:28 July
628:Schäfer
516:Species
388:malaria
306:pharynx
280:ĎοΝĎ
-,
264:trachea
238:is the
216:in the
177:Species
139:Genus:
119:Order:
109:Class:
1753:270479
1727:131420
1714:984715
1688:161059
1438:Nagaia
881:
871:
863:
824:
816:
758:
728:, 1898
714:, 2004
700:, 1829
698:Cuvier
686:, 1899
672:, 1988
658:, 1850
644:, 1902
630:, 2006
626:&
612:, 1847
610:Heckel
598:, 1899
584:, 1898
569:, 1869
555:, 1803
541:, 1910
520:": -->
460:et al.
286:pteron
278:prefix
248:Africa
234:. The
221:family
218:bichir
152:, 1803
1748:WoRMS
1735:Plazi
1670:IRMNG
1662:91228
1636:13138
1623:63P4S
1337:Oshia
1031:4 May
712:Britz
656:Ayres
441:Romer
332:genus
282:poly-
275:Greek
260:lungs
229:order
227:) of
207:genus
205:is a
1701:8290
1696:NCBI
1683:ITIS
1644:GBIF
1610:4062
1605:BOLD
1206:see
1033:2005
879:PMID
861:ISSN
822:PMID
814:ISSN
769:2015
756:ISBN
522:edit
499:eggs
397:and
356:and
269:The
214:fish
1631:EoL
1618:CoL
1592:ADW
1001:doi
869:PMC
853:doi
849:214
804:doi
250:.
209:of
1772::
1750::
1737::
1724::
1711::
1698::
1685::
1672::
1659::
1646::
1633::
1620::
1607::
1594::
1579::
1564::
1051:.
1024:.
999:.
995:.
974:.
891:^
877:.
867:.
859:.
847:.
843:.
820:.
812:.
802:.
790:.
786:.
436:.
413:.
390:.
266:.
1481:â
1471:â
1461:â
1451:â
1434:â
1424:â
1414:â
1397:â
1387:â
1377:â
1301:"
1297:"
1295:â
1286:?
1279:â
1139:e
1132:t
1125:v
1049:"
1035:.
1007:.
1003::
980:.
960:.
946:.
885:.
855::
828:.
806::
798::
792:5
771:.
526:]
242:(
223:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
