458:
440:
422:
449:
431:
29:
410:
377:
389:
365:
353:
341:
401:
230:
191:
3180:
226:. These are at the same scale as the general, and all the other battling figures are smaller; indeed, in defiance of any attempt at perspective, the soldiers and horses at the "front" of the scene in the lower part are somewhat smaller than their equivalents at the "back" in the upper part. The sarcophagus representations don't exhibit any sympathy for the conquered peoples—they are represented as coarse and despicable, crushed under the superior Romans.
304:. The sculpture's sense of movement is accentuated by its high relief. Figures emerge in the round, while the background is frenzied, never neutral. The faces are expressive, the bodies of the victors dramatically tangled, their lances and symbols realistically cross the space, never appearing on only one plane. The sarcophagus cover is similar to the side reliefs, although it includes elements of Roman
286:. Roman artists created these celebratory representations both in public space with triumphal arches, columns, and templates and private space (as in funerary reliefs and sarcophagi). In the 3rd century, the Roman senatorial class lost all its military power, so battle scenes were no longer used for their sarcophagi—they were often carved with representations of philosophers or muses instead.
199:
face. Some modern studies believe that the sculptors would create biographical scenes that would serve as illustration for anyone's life. The general and his wife are also each shown twice on the lid frieze, together holding each other's hands at the centre, and singly at the ends, again with unfinished faces.
186:
The chest is very high, with all the front covered in high reliefs of combat between Romans and barbarians. The complex battle is divided into four sections: two above with Roman cavalry, one with Roman infantry, and the last and lowest with the overwhelmed barbarians. At the center, forceful lines
198:
The face of the general is unfinished, either because the sculptors awaited a model to work from, or they had produced the work speculatively with no specific commission. There might either have been time to finish it before the burial or the sculptor might not have been able to learn the buyer's
246:
128:
2812:
241:
depicting gargoyles and is decorated with a low-relief frieze that depicts a life story (the presentation of a baby to its mother, his education, marriage, and a dedication to
251:
150:
The sarcophagus is one of a group of about twenty-five late Roman battle sarcophagi, with one exception all apparently dating to 170–210, made in Rome or in some cases
316:
202:
Pairs of figures of an older man and a woman stand beneath trophies at either end of the main face, uninvolved in the battle. The barbarian at right is probably
2802:
1900:
290:
300:, avoids a Hellenistic manner. The sarcophagus exhibits a composition that is more frenetic and articulated, particularly when compared to sculptures of
3277:
3112:
2762:
170:, and were all presumably commissioned for military commanders. The Portonaccio sarcophagus is the best known and most elaborate of the main
305:
2367:
670:
119:). Dating to around 180 AD, the sarcophagus was likely used to bury a Roman general killed in the 172–175 AD German-Sarmatic campaign of
2647:
1890:
2667:
2438:
1770:
1730:
116:
79:
2015:
2747:
2327:
1895:
245:). The face, as on the main sarcophagus, is not depicted. The sarcophagus inscription suggests that it houses a general named
3267:
636:
588:
3105:
2682:
1168:
409:
2677:
2448:
2422:
2767:
1720:
1153:
3272:
2985:
2717:
2587:
1805:
1158:
923:
679:
540:
457:
439:
421:
448:
430:
133:
28:
2782:
2727:
2702:
2357:
1945:
1128:
376:
3098:
2787:
2687:
2342:
2116:
2101:
1870:
663:
364:
388:
2807:
1885:
1602:
612:
564:
2522:
2317:
1755:
501:
Pardyová, Marié (2006). "La représentation de bataille sur le sarcophage de
Portonaccio et sa composition".
2772:
2277:
2181:
2040:
2020:
1745:
3221:
3164:
2864:
2742:
2712:
2418:
2282:
1865:
1860:
1835:
1825:
1810:
1790:
1760:
1627:
1597:
283:
3005:
2091:
1840:
1795:
1765:
1133:
656:
321:
175:
2797:
2402:
2377:
2362:
2352:
2347:
2322:
2226:
2156:
2126:
1930:
1925:
1740:
1524:
1304:
1148:
1138:
965:
758:
475:
Huskinson, J. (1998). "Unfinished
Portrait Heads' on Later Roman Sarcophagi: Some New Perspectives".
139:
3191:
2995:
2752:
2722:
2473:
2387:
2372:
2035:
2010:
1915:
1820:
1775:
1519:
1489:
1196:
1163:
890:
352:
282:, one of the primary themes of Roman art was its military victories over other peoples outside its
265:
340:
2870:
2847:
2842:
2817:
2777:
2672:
2637:
2562:
2477:
2397:
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2176:
2151:
2106:
2025:
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1905:
1735:
1212:
913:
2877:
2858:
3122:
3090:
3053:
2893:
2757:
2627:
2607:
2567:
2141:
1990:
1955:
1920:
1910:
1855:
1815:
1750:
1632:
1617:
1587:
1495:
112:
187:
converge on the one figure, the cavalry general charging and who does not have a carved face.
3241:
3201:
2697:
2622:
2537:
2241:
2206:
2096:
1975:
1960:
1880:
1875:
1800:
1607:
1541:
1500:
1341:
1309:
1253:
295:
2852:
2898:
2612:
2517:
2507:
2332:
2231:
2166:
2005:
1950:
1780:
1725:
1695:
1416:
1188:
908:
763:
8:
2915:
2453:
1830:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1612:
1411:
1401:
1377:
1314:
1291:
1095:
1068:
940:
872:
795:
748:
3211:
3063:
3025:
3015:
2652:
2497:
2492:
2337:
2045:
1935:
1622:
1564:
1536:
1471:
1406:
1173:
1090:
827:
785:
532:
3154:
3130:
3058:
2662:
2512:
2433:
2272:
2221:
2111:
2030:
1850:
1652:
1592:
1466:
1455:
1421:
1348:
1258:
1238:
1143:
955:
945:
857:
842:
632:
608:
584:
560:
536:
3282:
2836:
2732:
2597:
2552:
2542:
2307:
2236:
2196:
2121:
2069:
2060:
2050:
1985:
1710:
1558:
1530:
1273:
1178:
1085:
1001:
903:
852:
802:
768:
738:
279:
124:
627:
Calandra, Elena (1998). "Sarcofago del
Portonaccio". In La Regina, Adriano (ed.).
178:, the late outlier from about 250, and a considerable contrast in style and mood.
3169:
3139:
3045:
3030:
2971:
2933:
2792:
2443:
2382:
2246:
2211:
2191:
2146:
2136:
1845:
1658:
1441:
1243:
1183:
1105:
1015:
1008:
898:
877:
847:
807:
773:
753:
723:
698:
275:
269:
120:
3179:
559:, 1995 (2nd edn.), p. 205, Yale University Press (Penguin/Yale History of Art),
400:
229:
190:
3246:
3236:
2938:
2692:
2657:
2547:
2527:
2502:
2392:
2186:
2161:
1995:
1980:
1970:
1683:
1483:
1477:
1461:
1382:
1372:
1320:
1298:
1248:
1207:
950:
862:
733:
718:
713:
703:
693:
310:
3261:
3216:
3196:
3159:
3149:
3144:
3035:
2948:
2943:
2923:
2888:
2737:
2557:
2532:
2463:
2216:
2171:
1965:
1785:
1581:
1266:
1233:
1100:
1061:
970:
960:
837:
812:
790:
743:
101:
3231:
3079:
3020:
3000:
2966:
2953:
2928:
2617:
2428:
2256:
2251:
2201:
2131:
2000:
1689:
1676:
1393:
1022:
867:
832:
822:
817:
780:
708:
219:
488:
Adreae, Bernard (1968). "Imitazione ed originalitĂ nei sarcofagi romani".
2458:
2297:
2086:
1448:
1334:
1228:
1043:
1036:
976:
155:
104:
3206:
2577:
2487:
1355:
1029:
994:
238:
215:
207:
163:
2827:
2602:
2572:
1387:
1122:
728:
301:
242:
648:
3010:
2302:
1327:
1202:
222:). The barbarian on the left is either a high German or a Samartic
171:
159:
2287:
223:
203:
3120:
289:
The
Portonaccio sarcophagus, compared to earlier works like the
2312:
326:
such as the uninterrupted narrative and the unnatural drapery.
151:
2707:
211:
167:
108:
247:
Aulo Giulio
Pompilio Tito Vivio Levillo Pisone Bereniciano
174:
group, and shows both considerable similarities to the
579:
Cadario, Matteo (2005). "Palazzo
Massimo alle Terme".
631:(in Italian). Mondadori Electa. pp. 162–163.
138:, with visible influences from the design of the
3259:
3106:
664:
194:Detail of front, to centre, with the general
2763:Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria
583:(in Italian). Mondadori Electa. p. 4.
522:
520:
237:The cover of the sarcophagus has two large
127:. It is an example of private sculpture of
3113:
3099:
2914:
2648:Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum
671:
657:
622:
620:
574:
572:
474:
2813:Santa Cecilia Musical Instruments Museum
1731:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
626:
517:
500:
228:
189:
80:National Roman Museum of Palazzo Massimo
3278:Collection of the National Roman Museum
617:
578:
526:
233:Detail of the corner of the sarcophagus
3260:
2748:Museo nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia
1736:Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican
569:
529:Art and Archaeology of the Roman World
487:
16:Sarcophagus from 2nd century (CE) Rome
3094:
2016:Sacro Cuore di GesĂą a Castro Pretorio
678:
652:
166:showing Pergamene victories over the
2423:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of Italy
1771:S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana
107:found in the Portonaccio section of
2439:Column of the Immaculate Conception
2368:in Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere
13:
2768:Museum of Contemporary Art of Rome
1721:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
14:
3294:
2718:Museo Barracco di Scultura Antica
2683:Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna
1159:Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
415:Trophies at the side of the front
3178:
2783:Museum of the Liberation of Rome
2728:Museo delle anime del Purgatorio
2678:Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica
2668:Galleria Comunale d'Arte Moderna
1129:Temple of Antoninus and Faustina
456:
447:
438:
429:
420:
408:
399:
387:
375:
363:
351:
339:
27:
2788:National Museum of Oriental Art
2688:Giorgio de Chirico House Museum
2117:Palazzo Barberini ai Giubbonari
2102:Domus Internationalis Paulus VI
468:
2808:Porta San Paolo Railway Museum
1603:Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas
597:
549:
181:
1:
510:
3268:2nd-century Roman sculptures
2773:Museum of Roman Civilization
2703:Keats–Shelley Memorial House
2182:Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne
1726:Basilica of Saint Mary Major
218:) based on his hairstyle (a
7:
3222:House of the Vestals Hoards
3165:Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus
2865:Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus
2743:Museo di Roma in Trastevere
2713:Museo Archeologico Ostiense
2449:Hospital of the Holy Spirit
2021:S. Sebastiano fuori le mura
1628:Tomb of Eurysaces the Baker
1598:Catacombs of San Sebastiano
527:Mark D., Fullerton (2020).
10:
3299:
3006:Castello Orsini-Odescalchi
2092:Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi
1866:S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini
1861:S. Giovanni a Porta Latina
1134:Temple of Apollo Palatinus
629:Palazzo Massimo alle Terme
329:
263:
176:Great Ludovisi sarcophagus
145:
129:art in the age of Commodus
3187:
3176:
3129:
3072:
3044:
2984:
2962:
2907:
2826:
2798:Palazzo delle Esposizioni
2636:
2586:
2472:
2411:
2265:
2227:Palazzo Vidoni-Caffarelli
2127:Palazzo della Cancelleria
2079:
2059:
1709:
1668:
1573:
1550:
1525:Column of Marcus Aurelius
1512:
1430:
1365:
1305:Basilica of Junius Bassus
1283:
1221:
1149:Temple of Hercules Victor
1139:Temple of Apollo Sosianus
1114:
1078:
1053:
986:
966:Arch of Septimius Severus
933:
922:
888:
686:
382:Detail of front, to right
140:Column of Marcus Aurelius
86:
75:
67:
59:
51:
43:
35:
26:
21:
3273:Ancient Roman sarcophagi
3192:Aphrodite of Menophantos
2996:Appian Way Regional Park
2803:Pigorini National Museum
2723:Museo Civico di Zoologia
2358:della Piazza dei Quiriti
2070:List of churches in Rome
2011:Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re
1836:S. Croce in Via Flaminia
1811:S. Cecilia in Trastevere
1796:Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio
1776:S. Apollinare alle Terme
1756:S. Anastasia al Palatino
1741:S. Lorenzo fuori le mura
1520:Column of Antoninus Pius
1197:Largo di Torre Argentina
1169:Temple of Minerva Medica
1164:Temple of Jupiter Tonans
607:, p. 93, Phaidon, 1983,
555:Strong, Donald, et al.,
370:Detail of front, to left
266:Ancient Roman sarcophagi
259:
3227:Portonaccio sarcophagus
2884:Portonaccio sarcophagus
2871:Ecstasy of Saint Teresa
2848:Colossus of Constantine
2843:Augustus of Prima Porta
2818:Venanzo Crocetti Museum
2778:Museum of the Ara Pacis
2753:Museo Nazionale Etrusco
2673:Galleria Doria Pamphilj
2563:Via della Conciliazione
2523:Piazza della Repubblica
2152:Palazzo Fusconi-Pighini
2107:Palazzo Aragona Gonzaga
1946:S. Maria della Vittoria
1841:S. Croce in Gerusalemme
1791:S. Bartolomeo all'Isola
1746:S. Agnese fuori le mura
1213:Porta Maggiore Basilica
914:Obelisk of Montecitorio
605:A Handbook of Roman Art
317:Arte provinciale romana
98:Portonaccio sarcophagus
22:Portonaccio sarcophagus
3123:Museo Nazionale Romano
3121:Major exhibits at the
3054:Festa della Repubblica
2894:Sistine Chapel ceiling
2758:Museo Nazionale Romano
2628:Parco degli Acquedotti
2608:Villa Borghese gardens
2568:Via dei Fori Imperiali
2142:Palazzo della Consulta
2026:S. Silvestro in Capite
1931:S. Maria in Trastevere
1926:S. Maria sopra Minerva
1901:S. Maria in Montesanto
1761:S. Andrea delle Fratte
1633:Tomb of Hilarus Fuscus
1618:Mausoleum of Maxentius
1588:Catacombs of Domitilla
1496:Villa of the Quintilii
581:Museo Nazionale Romano
234:
195:
113:Museo Nazionale Romano
3242:Via Labicana Augustus
3202:Dionysus Sardanapalus
3046:Events and traditions
2853:La Bocca della VeritĂ
2698:Jewish Museum of Rome
2192:Palazzo del Quirinale
2036:S. Sofia a Via Boccea
1896:S. Maria degli Angeli
1886:S. Maria Ausiliatrice
1766:S. Andrea della Valle
1608:Mausoleum of Augustus
1542:Five-Columns Monument
1490:Insula dell'Ara Coeli
1342:Portico Dii Consentes
1310:Basilica of Maxentius
264:Further information:
232:
193:
154:. These derive from
2899:Velletri Sarcophagus
2859:Laocoön and His Sons
2613:Villa Doria Pamphili
2518:Piazza della Minerva
2343:di Piazza d'Aracoeli
2232:Palazzo del Viminale
2177:Palazzo di Giustizia
2006:Sacro Cuore di Maria
1991:Ss. Quattro Coronati
1976:S. Pietro in Vincoli
1961:S. Nicola in Carcere
1956:Ss. Nereo e Achilleo
1941:S. Maria in Via Lata
1916:S. Maria in Aracoeli
1906:S. Maria in Cosmedin
1881:S. Lorenzo in Lucina
1876:S. Lorenzo in Damaso
1871:Ss. Giovanni e Paolo
1816:Ss. Celso e Giuliano
1801:S. Camillo de Lellis
1417:Theatre of Marcellus
1189:House of the Vestals
603:Henig, Martin (ed),
394:Detail of barbarians
111:and now held at the
2419:Altare della Patria
2080:Castles and palaces
1951:S. Martino ai Monti
1921:S. Maria del Popolo
1911:S. Maria in Domnica
1856:S. Francesca Romana
1826:Ss. Cosma e Damiano
1648:Tombs of Via Latina
1643:Tomb of the Scipios
1638:Tomb of the Haterii
1613:Mausoleum of Helena
1412:Stadium of Domitian
1402:Gardens of Maecenas
1378:Circus of Maxentius
1315:Basilica of Neptune
1292:Basilica Argentaria
1096:Baths of Diocletian
1069:Cloaca Circi Maximi
941:Arch of Constantine
909:Obelisk of Minerveo
533:Thames & Hudson
71:late 2nd century AD
3212:Hellenistic Prince
3064:Rome Film Festival
3026:Villa Aldobrandini
2653:Capitoline Museums
2498:Clivus Capitolinus
2157:Palazzo Giustinani
2097:Castel Sant'Angelo
2041:S. Stefano Rotondo
1623:Pyramid of Cestius
1472:Palace of Domitian
1407:Gardens of Sallust
1254:Forum of Vespasian
1174:Temple of Portunus
1091:Baths of Caracalla
291:Sarcofago Amendola
235:
196:
3255:
3254:
3155:Ludovisi Dionysus
3131:Ludovico Ludovisi
3088:
3087:
3059:Rome Quadriennale
2986:Metropolitan City
2980:
2979:
2663:Galleria Borghese
2538:Piazza San Pietro
2513:Piazza del Popolo
2508:Piazza d'Aracoeli
2481:and public spaces
2363:di Piazza Nicosia
2353:di Piazza Farnese
2348:di Piazza Colonna
2222:Palazzo Valentini
2112:Palazzo Barberini
1806:S. Carlo al Corso
1705:
1704:
1696:Ponte Sant'Angelo
1653:Tomb of Priscilla
1593:Catacombs of Rome
1467:House of Augustus
1456:Domus Transitoria
1422:Theatre of Pompey
1349:Porticus Octaviae
1239:Forum of Augustus
1144:Temple of Hadrian
956:Arch of Gallienus
946:Arch of Dolabella
904:Flaminian Obelisk
680:Landmarks of Rome
638:978-88-435-6609-9
590:978-88-370-5148-8
100:is a 2nd-century
94:
93:
3290:
3182:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3092:
3091:
2912:
2911:
2837:Apollo Belvedere
2733:Museo delle Mura
2553:Via dei Coronari
2543:Piazza di Spagna
2237:Palazzo Wedekind
2197:Palazzo Pamphilj
2122:Palazzo Borghese
2031:S. Sisto Vecchio
1559:Porticus Aemilia
1531:Column of Phocas
1513:Column monuments
1274:Forum Holitorium
1179:Temple of Saturn
1086:Baths of Agrippa
1002:Aqua Alexandrina
934:Triumphal arches
931:
930:
803:Castra Praetoria
673:
666:
659:
650:
649:
643:
642:
624:
615:
601:
595:
594:
576:
567:
553:
547:
546:
524:
506:
497:
484:
460:
451:
442:
433:
424:
412:
403:
391:
379:
367:
355:
343:
325:
314:
299:
280:Antonine dynasty
255:
137:
125:Marcomannic Wars
76:Present location
31:
19:
18:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3183:
3174:
3170:Ludovisi Throne
3140:Hermes Ludovisi
3125:
3119:
3089:
3084:
3068:
3040:
3016:Hadrian's Villa
2988:of Rome Capital
2987:
2976:
2972:Monte Testaccio
2958:
2903:
2822:
2793:Palazzo Colonna
2639:
2632:
2590:
2582:
2493:Campo de' Fiori
2480:
2468:
2412:Other landmarks
2407:
2383:Quattro Fontane
2261:
2247:Villa Farnesina
2242:Palazzo Zuccari
2212:Palazzo Ruspoli
2147:Palazzo Farnese
2137:Palazzo Colonna
2075:
2055:
1936:S. Maria in Via
1712:
1701:
1664:
1659:Vigna Randanini
1569:
1565:Trajan's Market
1546:
1537:Trajan's Column
1508:
1442:Domus Augustana
1426:
1361:
1279:
1244:Forum of Caesar
1217:
1184:Temple of Vesta
1154:Temple of Janus
1110:
1106:Baths of Trajan
1074:
1049:
1016:Aqua Anio Novus
1009:Aqua Anio Vetus
982:
925:
918:
899:Lateran Obelisk
884:
687:Walls and gates
682:
677:
647:
646:
639:
625:
618:
602:
598:
591:
577:
570:
554:
550:
543:
535:. p. 313.
525:
518:
513:
471:
466:
465:
464:
461:
452:
443:
434:
425:
416:
413:
404:
395:
392:
383:
380:
371:
368:
359:
356:
347:
344:
332:
319:
308:
293:
272:
270:Roman sculpture
262:
249:
184:
158:monuments from
148:
131:
121:Marcus Aurelius
117:Palazzo Massimo
17:
12:
11:
5:
3296:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3247:Villa of Livia
3244:
3239:
3237:Tiber Dionysus
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3136:
3134:
3127:
3126:
3118:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3095:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2920:
2918:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2862:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2832:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2693:Galleria Spada
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2658:Casa di Goethe
2655:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2623:Villa Torlonia
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2588:Parks, gardens
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2548:Piazza Venezia
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2528:Piazza Farnese
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2503:Piazza Colonna
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2393:Trevi Fountain
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2373:di Ponte Sisto
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2207:Palazzo Riario
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2187:Palazzo Mattei
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2167:Palazzo Madama
2164:
2162:Lateran Palace
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2065:
2063:
2061:Other churches
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1711:Roman Catholic
1707:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1687:
1684:Pons Fabricius
1680:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1498:
1493:
1486:
1484:Villa of Livia
1481:
1478:Villa Gordiani
1474:
1469:
1464:
1462:Flavian Palace
1459:
1452:
1445:
1437:
1435:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1385:
1383:Circus of Nero
1380:
1375:
1373:Circus Maximus
1369:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1321:Basilica Ulpia
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1299:Basilica Julia
1295:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1259:Trajan's Forum
1256:
1251:
1249:Forum of Nerva
1246:
1241:
1231:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
990:
988:
984:
983:
981:
980:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
951:Arch of Drusus
948:
943:
937:
935:
928:
920:
919:
917:
916:
911:
906:
901:
895:
893:
886:
885:
883:
882:
881:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
820:
815:
810:
808:Janiculum Wall
805:
800:
799:
798:
793:
788:
778:
777:
776:
771:
766:
764:San Sebastiano
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
694:Aurelian Walls
690:
688:
684:
683:
676:
675:
668:
661:
653:
645:
644:
637:
616:
596:
589:
568:
548:
541:
515:
514:
512:
509:
508:
507:
505:(42): 135–151.
498:
492:(in Italian).
485:
470:
467:
463:
462:
455:
453:
446:
444:
437:
435:
428:
426:
419:
417:
414:
407:
405:
398:
396:
393:
386:
384:
381:
374:
372:
369:
362:
360:
357:
350:
348:
345:
338:
335:
334:
333:
331:
328:
261:
258:
183:
180:
147:
144:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
77:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3295:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3217:Hera Borghese
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3197:Boxer at Rest
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3181:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3160:Ludovisi Gaul
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3150:Ludovisi Ares
3148:
3146:
3145:Juno Ludovisi
3143:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3104:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3036:Villa Farnese
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2983:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2889:Raphael Rooms
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2738:Museo di Roma
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2640:art galleries
2635:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2558:Via del Corso
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2533:Piazza Navona
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2464:Spanish Steps
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2454:Milizie Tower
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2434:Capocci Tower
2432:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2378:Quattro Fiumi
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2217:Palazzo Spada
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2172:Palazzo Malta
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2132:Palazzo Chigi
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:S. Pudenziana
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1708:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1582:Casal Rotondo
1579:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1501:Villa of the
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:Entertainment
1364:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1267:Forum Boarium
1264:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1234:Imperial fora
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1101:Baths of Nero
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1062:Cloaca Maxima
1059:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1004:
1003:
999:
997:
996:
992:
991:
989:
985:
979:
978:
974:
972:
971:Arch of Titus
969:
967:
964:
962:
961:Arch of Janus
959:
957:
954:
952:
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924:Ancient Roman
921:
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102:ancient Roman
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3232:Tiber Apollo
3226:
3080:Vatican City
3031:Villa d'Este
3021:Ostia Antica
3001:Capo di Bove
2967:Tiber Island
2883:
2876:
2869:
2857:
2835:
2618:Villa Medici
2459:Sisto Bridge
2429:Campo Verano
2333:del Pantheon
2278:Acqua Felice
2257:Villa Madama
2252:Villa Giulia
2202:Palazzo Poli
2068:
1966:S. Pancrazio
1851:S. Eustachio
1831:S. Crisogono
1781:Ss. Apostoli
1694:
1690:Ponte Milvio
1682:
1677:Pons Cestius
1675:
1657:
1580:
1557:
1502:
1488:
1476:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1432:
1431:Palaces and
1394:Ludus Magnus
1392:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1297:
1290:
1272:
1265:
1195:
1121:
1079:Public baths
1067:
1060:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1023:Aqua Claudia
1021:
1014:
1007:
1000:
993:
975:
828:Caelimontana
823:Servian Wall
813:Terreus Wall
786:Cavalleggeri
781:Leonine Wall
759:San Giovanni
628:
604:
599:
580:
556:
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528:
502:
493:
489:
480:
476:
469:Bibliography
288:
273:
236:
220:Suebian knot
201:
197:
185:
149:
97:
95:
90:inv. 112.327
87:Registration
2916:Seven Hills
2638:Museums and
2444:Conti Tower
2298:Il Facchino
2283:Acqua Paola
1981:S. Prassede
1821:S. Clemente
1751:S. Agostino
1503:sette bassi
1449:Domus Aurea
1335:Curia Julia
1229:Roman Forum
1044:Aqua Tepula
1037:Aqua Marcia
977:Arcus Novus
818:Romuli Wall
490:RendPontAcc
320: [
309: [
306:Arte plebea
294: [
278:era to the
250: [
239:acroterions
182:Description
156:Hellenistic
132: [
123:during the
105:sarcophagus
3262:Categories
3207:Discobolus
3133:Collection
2934:Capitoline
2578:Via Veneto
2488:Appian Way
2388:Tartarughe
1846:S. Eugenio
1786:S. Balbina
1356:Tabularium
1030:Aqua Julia
995:Aqua Appia
853:Fontinalis
769:Settimiana
613:0714822140
565:0300052936
511:References
496:: 145–166.
483:: 129–158.
358:Right side
208:Marcomanni
164:Asia Minor
2939:Esquiline
2908:Landscape
2603:Villa Ada
2573:Via Sacra
2318:Navicella
2293:Barcaccia
2266:Fountains
2051:S. Vitale
2046:S. Teresa
2001:S. Sabina
1713:basilicas
1388:Colosseum
1123:Ara Pacis
1115:Religious
987:Aqueducts
926:landmarks
878:Trigemina
858:Gallienus
848:Esquilina
843:Dolabella
774:Tiburtina
754:San Paolo
724:Nomentana
699:Ardeatina
557:Roman Art
346:Left side
302:monomachy
274:From the
243:Clementia
3011:Frascati
2949:Quirinal
2944:Palatine
2924:Aventine
2598:Bioparco
2591:and zoos
2303:Marforio
1971:Pantheon
1891:S. Marco
1551:Commerce
1328:Comitium
1208:Pantheon
1203:Lupercal
891:obelisks
889:Ancient
863:Viminale
734:Pinciana
719:Metronia
714:Maggiore
704:Asinaria
172:Antonine
160:Pergamon
36:Material
3283:War art
3073:Enclave
2954:Viminal
2929:Caelian
2478:streets
2474:Squares
2403:Tritone
2398:Tritons
2328:Nettuno
2323:Neptune
2288:Babuino
1996:S. Saba
1669:Bridges
838:Collina
791:Pertusa
744:Portese
330:Gallery
284:borders
276:Flavian
224:Iazyges
204:Suebian
146:History
68:Created
2338:Pianto
2313:Nasone
1433:villae
1054:Sewers
868:Naevia
833:Capena
739:Popolo
709:Latina
635:
611:
587:
563:
539:
503:Eirene
152:Athens
82:, Rome
63:116 cm
55:239 cm
47:114 cm
44:Height
39:Marble
2878:PietĂ
2708:MAXXI
1574:Tombs
1284:Civic
324:]
313:]
298:]
260:Style
254:]
214:, or
212:Quadi
168:Gauls
136:]
60:Depth
52:Width
2308:Moro
1222:Fora
633:ISBN
609:ISBN
585:ISBN
561:ISBN
537:ISBN
477:PBSR
315:and
268:and
216:Buri
109:Rome
96:The
2828:Art
2273:Api
2087:Arx
729:Pia
162:in
3264::
2476:,
619:^
571:^
531:.
519:^
494:41
481:66
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322:it
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252:it
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134:it
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3100:v
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672:e
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206:(
115:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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