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1687:, which had been a prize-winning version of Le Corbusier's 'machine for modern living,' was deemed uninhabitable and was torn down. Since then, postmodernism has involved theories that embrace and aim to create diversity. It exalts uncertainty, flexibility and change and rejects utopianism while embracing a utopian way of thinking and acting. Postmodernity of 'resistance' seeks to deconstruct modernism and is a critique of the origins without necessarily returning to them. As a result of postmodernism, planners are much less inclined to lay a firm or steady claim to there being one single 'right way' of engaging in urban planning and are more open to different styles and ideas of 'how to plan'.
79:
1400:" ("there is no outside-text"). This statement is part of a critique of "inside" and "outside" metaphors when referring to the text, and is a corollary to the observation that there is no "inside" of a text as well. This attention to a text's unacknowledged reliance on metaphors and figures embedded within its discourse is characteristic of Derrida's approach. Derrida's method sometimes involves demonstrating that a given philosophical discourse depends on binary oppositions or excluding terms that the discourse itself has declared to be irrelevant or inapplicable. Derrida's philosophy inspired a postmodern movement called
68:
478:"Postmodernism" is "a highly contested term", referring to "a particularly unstable concept", that "names many different kinds of cultural objects and phenomena in many different ways". It is "diffuse, fragmentary, multi-dimensional". Critics have described it as "an exasperating term" and claim that its indefinability is "a truism". Put otherwise, postmodernism is "several things at once". It has no single definition, and the term does not name any single unified phenomenon, but rather many diverse phenomena: "postmodernisms rather than one postmodernism".
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1370:, start from the assumption that people's identities, values, and economic conditions determine each other rather than having intrinsic properties that can be understood in isolation. While structuralism explores how meaning is produced by a set of essential relationships in an overarching quasi-linguistic system, poststructuralism accepts this premise, but rejects the assumption that such systems can ever be fixed or centered.
1156:" (1985) music video, said the group "draw eclectically on a wide range of visual and aural sources to create a distinctive pastiche or hybrid 'house style' which they have used since their formation in the mid-1970s deliberately to stretch received (industrial) definitions of what rock/pop/video/Art/ performance/audience are", calling them "a properly postmodernist band." According to lead vocalist/guitarist/songwriter
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644:, discussions of the 1970s were dominated by literary criticism, to be supplanted by architectural theory in the 1980s. Some of these conversations made use of French poststructuralist thought, but only after these innovations and critical discourse in the arts did postmodernism emerge as a philosophical term in its own right.
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began by noting the "daunting prospect" of reviewing an exhibition "on what might be considered the most slippery, indefinable 'movement'", and wondered what the curators must have felt: "One reviewer thought it 'a risky curatorial undertaking,' and even the curators themselves admit it could be seen
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In some sense, we may regard postmodernism, posthumanism, poststructuralism, etc., as being of the 'cyborg age' of mind over body. Deconference was an exploration in post-cyborgism (i.e. what comes after the postcorporeal era), and thus explored issues of postpostmodernism, postpoststructuralism, and
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as a productive mechanism, rather than as a merely negative phenomenon. He advocates for a critique of reason that emphasizes sensibility and feeling over rational judgment. Following
Nietzsche, Deleuze argues that philosophical critique is an encounter between thought and what forces it into action,
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criticized the vagueness of the term, enumerating a long list of otherwise unrelated concepts that people have designated as postmodernism, from "the décor of a room" or "a 'scratch' video", to fear of nuclear armageddon and the "implosion of meaning", and stated that anything that could signify all
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story about everything that is. Against totalizing metanarratives, Lyotard and other postmodern philosophers argue that truth is always dependent upon historical and social context rather than being absolute and universal—and that truth is always partial and "at issue" rather than being complete and
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Habermas's critique of postmodernism set the stage for much of the subsequent debate by clarifying some of its key underlying issues. Additionally, according to scholar Gary
Aylesworth, "that he is able to read postmodernist texts closely and discursively testifies to their intelligibility", against
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Both his political orientation and the consistency of his positions continue to be debated among critics and defenders alike. Nevertheless, Foucault's political works share two common elements: a historical perspective and a discursive methodology. He analyzed social phenomena in historical contexts
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approach to language and knowledge was untenable and misguided. He was also critical of what he claimed to expose as the artificial binary oppositions (e.g., subject/object, speech/writing) that he claims are at the heart of
Western culture and philosophy. It is during this period that postmodernism
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and focused on how they have evolved over time. Additionally, he employed the study of texts, usually academic texts, as the material for his inquiries. In this way, Foucault sought to understand how the historical formation of discourses has shaped contemporary political thinking and institutions.
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quoting D'Arcy
Westworth Thompson states: "To those who question the possibility of defining the interrelations between entities whose nature is not completely understood, I shall reply with the following comment by a great naturalist: In a very large part of morphology, our essential task lies in
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and that this requires training, discipline, inventiveness, and even a certain "cruelty". He believes that thought cannot activate itself, but needs external forces to awaken and move it. Art, science, and philosophy can provide such activation through their transformative and experimental nature.
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French philosopher and social theorist Michel
Foucault argued that power operates according to the logics of social institutions that have become unmoored from the intentions of any actual individuals. Individuals, according to Foucault, are both products and participants in these dynamics. In the
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If there is a common denominator to all these postmodernisms, it is that of a crisis in representation: a deeply felt loss of faith in our ability to represent the real, in the widest sense. No matter whether they are aesthestic , epistemological, moral, or political in nature, the representations
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He noted "the almost casual assurance" of its definition of postmodernism, and the "easy assumption throughout that it is possible to draw analogies about the 'innovative features' of fundamentally different media, such as music and fiction." From his 2004 perspective, he says, "If I were writing
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Early mention of postmodernism as an element of graphic design appeared in the
British magazine, "Design". A characteristic of postmodern graphic design is that "retro, techno, punk, grunge, beach, parody, and pastiche were all conspicuous trends. Each had its own sites and venues, detractors and
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tradition, to expose modern social institutions and forms of knowledge as historically contingent forces of domination. He aims detotalize or decenter historical narratives to display modern consciousness as it is constituted by specific discourses and institutions that shape individuals into the
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Although these early uses anticipate some of the concerns of the debate in the second part of the 20th century, there is little direct continuity in the discussion. Just when the new discussion begins, however, is also a matter of dispute. Various authors place its beginnings in the 1950s, 1960s,
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Lyotard rejects. While he was particularly concerned with the way that this insight undermines claims of scientific objectivity, Lyotard's argument undermines the entire principle of transcendent legitimization. Instead, proponents of a language game must make the case for their legitimacy with
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Habermas criticizes these thinkers for their rejection of the subject and their embrace of experimental, avant-garde strategies. He asserts that their critiques of modernism ultimately lead to a longing for the very subject they seek to dismantle. Habermas also takes issue with postmodernists'
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In the 1990s, postmodernism became increasingly identified with critical and philosophical discourse directly about postmodernity or the postmodern idiom itself. No longer centered on any particular art or even the arts in general, it instead turns to address the more general problems posed to
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reference to such considerations as efficiency or practicality. Far from celebrating the apparently relativistic consequences of this argument, however, Lyotard focused much of his subsequent work on how links among games could be established, particularly with respect to ethics and politics.
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of the Los
Angeles School combined Marxist and postmodern perspectives and focused on the economic and social changes (globalization, specialization, industrialization/deindustrialization, neo-liberalism, mass migration) that lead to the creation of large city-regions with their patchwork of
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in London, was billed as "the first in-depth survey of art, design and architecture of the 1970s and 1980s". The exhibition was organized in three "broadly chronological" sections. The first focused mainly on architecture, "the discipline in which the ideas of postmodernism first emerged",
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such an essay today I would omit 'postmodernism' entirely because I no longer believe that I (or anyone else for that matter) can articulate with any degree of coherence or specificity what 'postmodernism' is, or was, what it's supposed to mean, or, indeed, whether it ever existed at all."
1544:, Baudrillard argues that production has shifted from creating real objects to producing signs and symbols. This system of symbolic exchange, detached from the real, constitutes hyperreality. In the words of one commentartor, "the hyperreal is a system of simulation that simulates itself."
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refers to a state where experiences are mediated by technology, resulting in a network of images and signs without a corresponding external reality. Baudrillard describes hyperreality as the terminal stage of simulation, where signs and images become entirely self-referential. Drawing upon
1499:, contrasting two different language games, that of the expert, and that of the philosopher. He talks about the transformation of knowledge into information in the computer age and likens the transmission or reception of coded messages (information) to a position within a language game.
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details the shift from modernism to postmodernism, arguing that the former is characterized by an epistemological dominant and that postmodern works have developed out of modernism and are primarily concerned with questions of ontology. McHale's "What Was
Postmodernism?" (2007) follows
1595:, free from authoritarian assertions about truth and goodness, is the key to a better future. Rorty saw his neopragmatism as a continuation of the Enlightenment project, aiming to demystify human life and replace traditional power relations with those based on tolerance and freedom.
1352:, one of the best ways to describe a specifically philosophical conception of postmodernism is as an anti-foundational "scepticism about authority, received wisdom, cultural and political norms and so on", which he says places it within a tradition dating back to ancient Greece.
813:. In this influential work, Lyotard offers the following definition: "Simplifying to the extreme, I define postmodern as incredulity towards metanarratives ". In a society with no unifying narrative, he argues, we are left with heterogeneous, group-specific narratives (or "
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Although postmodernisms are generally united in their effort to transcend the perceived limits of modernism, "modernism" also means different things to different critics in various arts. Further, there are outliers on even this basic stance; for instance, literary critic
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among architects, characterized by a design that rejects structural "centers" and encourages decentralized play among its elements. Derrida discontinued his involvement with the movement after the publication of his collaborative project with architect Peter
Eisenman in
1973:
Criticism of postmodernist movements in the arts include objections to departure from beauty, the reliance on language for the art to have meaning, a lack of coherence or comprehensibility, deviation from clear structure, and consistent use of dark and negative themes.
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and its rejection of what he upheld as traditional values. The ideals of modernity, per his diagnosis, were degraded to the level of consumer choice. This research project, however, was not taken up in a significant way by others until the mid-1980s when the work of
637:. Even here, however, there continued to be disagreement about such basic issues as whether postmodernism is a break with modernism, a renewal and intensification of modernism, or even, both at once, a rejection and a radicalization of its historical predecessor.
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has written that avant-garde musical compositions (which some would consider modernist rather than postmodernist) "defy more than seduce the listener, and they extend by potentially unsettling means the very idea of what music is." In the 1960s, composers such as
1802:), and Alan Kirby (digimodernism, formerly called pseudo-modernism). None of these new theories or labels have so far gained very widespread acceptance. Sociocultural anthropologist Nina MĂĽller-Schwarze offers neostructuralism as a possible direction.
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Baudrillard himself broke with
Marxism, but continued to theorize the postmodern as the condition in which the domain of reality has become so heavily mediated by signs as to become inaccessible in itself, leaving us entirely in the domain of the
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as the "personification of the postmodern" because "the postmodern condition is characterized by fragmentation, de-differentiation, pastiche, retrospection and anti-foundationalism", which they argued Madonna embodied. Christian writer
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The term began to acquire its current range of meanings in literary criticism and architectural theory during the 1950s–1960s. In opposition to modernism's alleged self-seriousness, postmodernism is characterized by its playful use of
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used as a transitional example. Noting that "definitions of postmodernism are notoriously messy, frequently paradoxical and multi-faceted", five themes and characteristics of postmodernism consistently found in marketing literature –
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the comparison of related forms rather than in the precise definition of each; and the deformation of a complicated figure may be a phenomenon easy of comprehension, though the figure itself has to be left unanalyzed and undefined."
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Since the late 1990s, there has been a growing sentiment in popular culture and in academia that postmodernism "has gone out of fashion". Others argue that postmodernism is dead in the context of current cultural production.
743:, celebrates a plurality of forms and encourages participation and active engagement with the local context of the built environment. He presents this as in opposition to the "authoritarian style" of International Modernism.
423:. They have in common the conviction that it is no longer possible to rely upon previous ways of representing reality. Still, there is disagreement among experts about its more precise meaning even within narrow contexts.
728:'s critique of metaphysics posed deep theoretical problems not necessarily a cause for aesthetic celebration. Their further influence on the conversation about postmodernism, however, would be largely mediated by French
1002:: "Double Coding: the combination of Modern techniques with something else (usually traditional building) in order for architecture to communicate with the public and a concerned minority, usually other architects."
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706:, for instance, denounced postmodern literature for being content to merely reflect, rather than actively attempt to refashion, what he saw as the "increasingly shapeless" character of contemporary society.
1039:. In the 1980s and 1990s dance began to incorporate other typically postmodern features such as the mixing of genres, challenging high–low cultural distinctions, and incorporating a political dimension.
791:, in particular, not only made the connection to feminism explicit, but went so far as to claim feminism for postmodernism wholesale, a broad claim resisted by even many sympathetic feminists such as
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that postmodern thinkers are caught in a performative contradiction, more specifically, that their critiques of modernism rely on concepts and methods that are themselves products of modern reason.
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895:. In this sense, the term also starts to appear as a "casual term of abuse" in non-academic contexts. Others identify it as an aesthetic "lifestyle" of eclecticism and playful self-irony.
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In 1942, the literary critic and author H. R. Hays describes postmodernism as a new literary form. Also in the arts, the term was first used in 1949 to describe a dissatisfaction with the
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A small group of critics has put forth a range of theories that aim to describe culture or society in the alleged aftermath of postmodernism, most notably Raoul Eshelman (performatism),
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reacted to the perceived elitism and dissonant sound of atonal academic modernism by producing music with simple textures and relatively consonant harmonies, whilst others, most notably
1621:. Focusing on "the changing social conditions that lead the consumer to consume in a particular manner", the study takes the approach of analyzing song lyrics. Madonna (postmodern) and
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those who would dismiss them as simple nonsense. His engagement with their ideas has lead some postmodern philosophers, such as Lyotard, to similarly engage with Habermas's criticisms.
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and Adam Furman argue that postmodernism brought a more joyous and sensual experience to the culture, particularly in architecture. For instance, in response to the modernist slogan of
1882:. The final section examined "the hyper-inflated commodity culture of the 1980s", focusing on money as "a source of endless fascination for artists, designers and authors", including
1694:'s Urban Planning Department in the 1980s, where contemporary Los Angeles was taken to be the postmodern city par excellence, contra posed to what had been the dominant ideas of the
713:'s large-scale survey of works that he said could no longer be called modern. Taking the Black Mountain poets an exemplary instance of the new postmodern type, Hassan celebrates its
1584:, Rorty challenged the notion of a mind-independent, language-independent reality. He argued that language is a tool used to adapt to the environment and achieve desired ends. This
575:, which marks the first use of the term to describe an historical period following modernity. The essay criticizes lingering socio-cultural norms, attitudes, and practices of the
1702:, with its framework of urban ecology and emphasis on functional areas of use within a city, and the concentric circles to understand the sorting of different population groups.
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739:, in particular, connects the artistic avant-garde to social change in a way that captures attention outside of academia. Jenckes, much influenced by the American architect
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Jencks makes the point that postmodernism (like modernism) varies for each field of art, and that for architecture it is not just a reaction to modernism but what he terms
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In "White Noise/White Heat, or Why the Postmodern Turn in Rock Music Led to Nothing but Road" (2004), literary critic and professor of English and comparative literature
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was a sustained critique of urban planning as it had developed within modernism and marked a transition from modernity to postmodernity in thinking about urban planning.
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priest and cultural commentator J. M. Thompson, in a 1914 article, uses the term to describe changes in attitudes and beliefs in the critique of religion, writing, "the
1779:, post-postmodernism and the "death of postmodernism" have been widely debated: in 2007 Andrew Hoberek noted in his introduction to a special issue of the journal
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Although postmodern criticism and thought drew on philosophical ideas from early on, "postmodernism" was only introduced to the expressly philosophical lexicon by
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Postmodernism has influenced society at large, in such diverse fields as law, education, media, urban planning, science, religious studies, politics and others.
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Instead, Rorty advocated for a focus on imaginative alternatives to present beliefs rather than the pursuit of well-grounded truths. He believed that creative,
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described her as "perhaps the most postmodern personage on the planet". She was also suggested by literary critic Olivier SĂ©cardin to epitomise postmodernism.
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theory, postmodern thought defined itself by the rejection of any single, foundational historical narrative. This called into question the legitimacy of the
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The postmodern approach to understanding the city were pioneered in the 1980s by what could be called the "Los Angeles School of Urbanism" centered on the
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The term "postmodern" was first used in 1870 by the artist John Watkins Chapman, who described "a Postmodern style of painting" as a departure from French
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as "New York art-punks" whose "blend of nervy postmodernism and undeniable groove made them one of the defining rock bands of the late 1970s and ’80s."
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Around this time, postmodernism also begins to be conceived in popular culture as a general "philosophical disposition" associated with a loose sort of
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Discussion about the postmodern in the second part of the 20th century was most articulate in areas with a large body of critical discourse around the
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made the term popular in literary studies as a description of the new art emerging in the 1960s. According to scholar David Herwitz, writers such as
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design solutions. Modernism eroded urban living by its failure to recognise differences and aim towards homogeneous landscapes (Simonsen 1990, 57).
771:. This introduces a political concern about social power-relations into discussions about postmodernism. Much of Foucault's project is, against the
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leveling of the distinction between philosophy and literature. He argues that such rhetorical strategies undermine the importance of argument and
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113:, 1984, showing an eclectic, postmodern mix of classical architecture (like the division of the facade in many horizontal strips that reference
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872:, an image that bears no relation to anything outside of itself. Scholars, however, disagree about whether his later works are intended as
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Vanhoozer, Kevin J. (2003). "Theology and the Condition of Postmodernity: A Report on Knowledge (of God)". In Vanhoozer, Kevin J. (ed.).
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the like. To understand this transition from 'pomo' (cyborgism) to 'popo' (postcyborgism) we must first understand the cyborg era itself.
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1035:'s efforts to break down the distinction between art and life. This was developed in particular by the American dancer and choreographer
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If literature was at the center of the discussion in the 1970s, architecture is at the center in the 1980s. The architectural theorist
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The term first appeared in print in 1870, but it only began to enter circulation with its current range of meanings in the 1950s—60s.
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conceives postmodernism, not in period terms, but in terms of a certain kind of literary imagination so that pre-modern texts such as
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approach led him to abandon the traditional quest for a privileged mental power that allows direct access to things-in-themselves.
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society in general by a new proliferation of cultures and forms. It is during this period that it also comes to be associated with
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first introduced the term "postmodern" in its current sense during the 1950s. Their stance against modernist poetry – and Olson's
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Jean-François Lyotard is credited with being the first to use the term "postmodern" in a philosophical context, in his 1979 work
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1088:. Postmodern literature often calls attention to issues regarding its own complicated connection to reality. The French critic
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864:" in the form of an enormous cultural expansion into an economy of spectacle and style, rather than the production of goods.
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declared the novel to be an exhaustive form and explored what it means to continue to write novels under such a condition.
1970:'conversations' in which nobody is wrong and nothing can be confirmed, only asserted with whatever style you can muster."
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435:, among other features. Critics claim it supplants moral, political, and aesthetic ideals with mere style and spectacle.
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is a term used to refer to a variety of artistic, cultural, and philosophical movements that claim to mark a break from
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Author on postmodernism, Dominic Strinati, has noted, it is also important "to include in this category the so-called '
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located in New York City during the 1960s and 1970s. Arguably its most important principle is taken from the composer
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Scholarship regarding postmodernism and architecture is closely linked with the writings of critic-turned-architect
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in a 1939 essay, which states that "Our own Post-Modern Age has been inaugurated by the general war of 1914–1918".
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The transition from modernism to postmodernism is often said to have happened at 3:32 pm on 15 July in 1972, when
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The term "postmodernity" was first used in an academic historical context as a general concept for a movement by
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This article is about the artistic, cultural, and theoretical movement. For the condition or state of being, see
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titled "After Postmodernism" that "declarations of postmodernism's demise have become a critical commonplace".
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3872:"The passing of the postmodern in pop? Epochal consumption and marketing from Madonna, through Gaga, to Taylor"
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3478:"The passing of the postmodern in pop? Epochal consumption and marketing from Madonna, through Gaga, to Taylor"
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In the 1970s, postmodern criticism increasingly came to incorporate poststructuralist theory, particularly the
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According to Lyotard, this introduces a general crisis of legitimacy, a theme he adopts from the philosopher
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orientation – were influential in the identification of postmodernism as a polemical position opposed to the
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Nevertheless, the appearance of linguistic relativism inspired an extensive rebuttal by the Marxist critic
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playfulness and cheerfully anarchic spirit, which he sets off against the high seriousness of modernism.
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4311:"PanopDecon: Deconstructing, decontaminating, and decontextualizing panopticism in the postcyborg era"
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1506:, writing: "Simplifying to the extreme, I define postmodern as incredulity towards metanarratives...."
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Carlton Bookcase, with a complex structure in many colours and a stylized human figure at the top, by
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In the 1990s, "postmodernism" came to denote a general – and, in general, celebratory – response to
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also said that "Madonna is perhaps the most visible example of what is called post-modernism", and
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Modernism sought to design and plan cities that followed the logic of the new model of industrial
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Deconstruction is a practice of philosophy, literary criticism, and textual analysis developed by
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seeks to identify the transition from postmodernism to post-postmodernism, to the benefit of
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Criticisms of postmodernism are intellectually diverse. Since postmodernism criticizes both
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Connor, Steven (2013). "postmodernism". In Michael Payne and Jessica Rae Barbera (ed.).
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The Blood of Victoriano Lorenzo: An Ethnography of the Cholos of Northern Coclé Province
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comes to be particularly equated with a kind of anti-representational self-reflexivity.
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Discourses of Postmodernism. Multilingual bibliography by Janusz Przychodzen (PDF file)
5083:
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4252:
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3291:
3250:"Talking Heads' Original Lineup on Stop Making Sense, Their Early Days, and the Future"
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1939:
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by being thorough in its criticism by extending it to religion as well as theology, to
439:
327:
292:
230:
179:
102:
5150:. Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages. Vol. XI. p. 76.
4776:
2011: – Artistic technique of presenting common things in an unfamiliar or strange way
1448:
1013:
that "less is more", the postmodernist Robert Venturi rejoined that "less is a bore".
837:
6509:
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2997:
2104:
2008:
1935:
1867:
1831:
1795:
1787:
1635:
1361:
1310:
963:
885:
729:
709:
In the 1970s, this changed again, largely under the influence of the literary critic
583:
5198:
4264:
3528:"The Postmodern Turn in Philosophy: Theoretical Provocations and Normative Deficits"
2210:
1208:
challenged the prevailing narratives of beauty and objectivity common to Modernism.
1177:
6514:
6379:
6312:
5679:
5629:
5574:
5489:
5474:
5421:
5232:
5151:
5067:
5058:
4909:
4851:"After Postmodernism: Readdressing the Role of Utopia in Urban Design and Planning"
4772:
4477:
Hebdige, Dick (2006). "Postmodernism and "the other side"". In Storey, John (ed.).
4322:
4291:
4244:
4105:"Toward a Concept of Post-Postmodernism or Lady Gaga's Reconfigurations of Madonna"
3885:
3491:
3303:
2036:
1592:
1401:
1338:
1322:
1128:
1105:
1071:
1036:
1022:
857:
784:
725:
623:
447:
250:
220:
3889:
3558:
The New Constellation: The Ethical-Political Horizons of Modernity / Postmodernity
3496:
3477:
860:, Jameson develops his own conception of the postmodern as "the cultural logic of
694:, who used it to describe a waning commitment among youth to the political ideals
6372:
6258:
6011:
A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful
5564:
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5381:
5115:
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4028:
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3523:
3187:
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881:
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861:
849:
768:
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756:
627:
451:
377:
122:
118:
90:
1027:
The term "postmodern dance" is most strongly associated with the dancers of the
824:
630:, building upon art and literary criticism, reintroduced the term to sociology.
462:
account of progress and rationality. Critics allege that its premises lead to a
6483:
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6419:
6150:
6130:
6000:
5757:
5709:
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5604:
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5534:
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4141:
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3143:
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1995:
1963:
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455:
275:
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210:
164:
159:
5219:
Modernity, postmodernism and the tradition of dissent, by Lloyd Spencer (1998)
1313:
in France developed a critique of modern philosophy with roots discernible in
852:. Building upon the theoretical foundations laid out by the Marxist economist
6548:
6439:
6180:
5970:
5829:
5752:
5694:
5609:
5589:
5449:
4463:
3897:
3827:
3505:
1902:
1855:
1776:
1753:
1747:
1563:, Rorty later rejected its representationalism. His major influences include
1556:
1552:
1541:
1511:
1451:, a prominent critic of philosophical postmodernism, argues in his 1985 work
1367:
1342:
1228:
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532:
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150:
94:
31:
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6332:
5784:
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5529:
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5361:
5169:
5155:
5125:
5039:
4679:
4048:
3716:
3211:
3183:
3164:
2978:
2787:
1958:
1954:, critics of postmodernism often defend such concepts from various angles.
1931:
1923:
1859:
1843:
1835:
1643:
1622:
1532:
1201:
1193:
1149:
1100:
853:
792:
690:
During the 1960s, this affirmative use gave way to a pejorative use by the
676:
568:
270:
174:
169:
5047:
Sim, Stuart (2011). "Postmodernism and Philosophy". In Sim, Stuart (ed.).
4327:
4310:
4295:
2125:"Philippe Starck, a pair of 'Louis Ghost' armchairs, Kartell. - Bukowskis"
2052: – term for art that reacts against standardisation and commercialism
1116:
5953:
5906:
5762:
5714:
5674:
5624:
5416:
4913:
4898:
Irving, Allan (1993). "The Modern/Postmodern Divide and Urban Planning".
4833:
4544:"Camille Paglia: "Postmodernism is a plague upon the mind and the heart""
4517:. Ipod.org.uk. 5 May 1990. Archived from the original on 31 January 2015.
3601:
3066:"Remembering Robert Venturi, the US architect who said: 'Less is a bore'"
2058:
2049:
1883:
1851:
1839:
1799:
1703:
1663:
1244:
1240:
1234:
In the late-20th century, avant-garde academics labelled American singer
1189:
1173:
1157:
1063:
714:
710:
703:
680:
610:
502:
332:
4784:
1966:
criticized its impact on the humanities, characterizing it as producing
1260:
908:
5923:
5901:
5794:
5579:
5539:
5499:
5366:
5281:
5079:
4447:
4256:
1875:
1847:
1815:
1349:
1215:' musical innovations and mixing of styles associated with groups like
1067:
892:
869:
614:
467:
463:
4763:
Goodchild, Barry (1990). "Planning and the Modern/Postmodern Debate".
4309:
Mann, Steve; Fung, James; Federman, Mark; Baccanico, Gianluca (2002).
3834:
821:) with no universal perspective from which to adjudicate among them.
545:
as "one of the few 'post' modern painters whose style is convincing".
6444:
6434:
5834:
5804:
5599:
5544:
5464:
5396:
3646:
3447:
3395:
3197:
1927:
1743:
1680:
1658:; reverting to large-scale solutions, aesthetic standardisation, and
1626:
1618:
1205:
1032:
958:
699:
695:
634:
542:
509:
All this notwithstanding, scholar Hans Bertens offers the following:
497:
487:
420:
143:
117:) and colorful ironic detailing; Louis Ghost, based on chairs in the
106:
3969:
3307:
779:
This is also the beginning of the affiliation of postmodernism with
767:
In the 1980s, some critics begin to take an interest in the work of
6256:
6135:
5869:
5819:
5799:
5664:
1422:" to analyze power-relations across their historical permutations.
1212:
1108:'s lead in now using the past tense when discussing postmodernism.
780:
691:
560:
470:. In this sense, it has become a term of abuse in popular culture.
443:
432:
4866:
Herwitz, Daniel (2008). "Postmodernism". In Kelly, Michael (ed.).
1341:, and others. By the 1980s, this spread to America in the work of
5948:
5896:
5854:
5839:
5809:
5056:
Simonsen, Kirsten (1990). "Planning on 'Postmodern' Conditions".
4030:
My Los Angeles: From Urban Restructuring to Regional Urbanization
2237:
1388:. Derrida's work has been seen as rooted in a statement found in
1235:
1136:
1121:
995:, first published in 1977, and since running to seven editions.
492:
114:
4951:
2329:
2327:
5881:
5859:
5789:
5767:
4598:
Banes, Sally (2008). "Postmodernism". In Kelly, Michael (ed.).
1947:
1890:
613:
provided a general account of the postmodern as an effectively
1723:
reexamined his essay, "White Noise", published in the journal
5654:
5250:
4935:
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2020 Edition)
4814:
4798:
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2018 Edition)
3853:
3851:
3849:
2739:
2324:
1943:
1756:
has led to a challenge to postmodernism, for which the terms
1555:
was an American philosopher known for his linguistic form of
1224:
856:
and observations in the early work of the French sociologist
555:
of Post-Modernism is to escape from the double-mindedness of
428:
5233:
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy's entry on postmodernism
4838:
The Postmodern Turn, Essays in Postmodern Theory and Culture
3904:
3738:
3736:
2871:
2859:
2705:
2703:
2652:
1078:) responded in various ways to the aesthetic innovations of
514:
that we used to rely on can no longer be taken for granted.
5875:
5849:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3643:
On deconstruction: theory and criticism after structuralism
3535:
1962:
of those things was "a buzzword". The analytic philosopher
1863:
3846:
2847:
1429:
652:
5844:
4308:
3733:
3532:
UCLA Graduate School of Education and Information Studies
2775:
2700:
2545:
2543:
2290:
2288:
1894:
4090:
After Postmodernism: An Introduction to Critical Realism
3760:
2919:
2835:
2751:
2727:
2676:
2530:
2528:
1752:
The connection between postmodernism, posthumanism, and
1518:) is something like a unified, complete, universal, and
4230:"Decon (Decon Squared): Deconstructing Decontamination"
3413:. Association For Consumer Research. pp. 119–201.
2799:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2413:
2375:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2169:
2167:
2165:
647:
4552:
Postmodernism is a plague upon the mind and the heart.
3981:
3957:
3945:
3870:
Canavan, Brendan; McCamley, Claire (1 February 2020).
3777:
3622:
3411:"On Madonna'S Brand Ambition: Presentation Transcript"
2883:
2823:
2584:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2540:
2351:
2339:
2285:
2261:
2227:
2225:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
6061:
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
4497:"DENNETT ON WIESELTIER V. PINKER IN THE NEW REPUBLIC"
4280:"Postcyborg Ethics: A New Way to Speak of Technology"
2907:
2763:
2715:
2664:
2640:
2628:
2555:
2525:
2487:
2312:
2300:
2249:
1412:
746:
3517:
3515:
2688:
2596:
2475:
2363:
2273:
2191:
2179:
2061: – Present-day modernist philosophical movement
2054:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1442:
563:
feeling as well as to Catholic tradition". In 1926,
2943:
2895:
2567:
2222:
2142:
1526:
1223:, together with the self-conscious 'reinvention of
4848:
4448:""Postmodernism: Style and Subversion, 1970-1990""
4003:
3975:
3924:
3476:River, Canavan; McCamley, Claire (February 2020).
2463:
2439:
759:. Derrida attempted to demonstrate that the whole
4869:Postmodernism: Historical and Conceptual Overview
4548:FAUSTO - Filosofia, Cultura e Literatura Clássica
4404:"Postmodernism: Style and Subversion 1970 – 1990"
4362:"Postmodernism: Style and Subversion 1970 - 1990"
4102:
3512:
3088:
1679:, a housing development for low-income people in
1434:The work of Gilles Deleuze develops a concept of
1407:Chora L Works: Jacques Derrida and Peter Eisenman
6546:
3574:
2451:
1547:
755:approach to texts most strongly associated with
5141:
4972:The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge
4937:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
4800:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
4341:
4109:Reconstruction: Studies in Contemporary Culture
3869:
3805:The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge
3794:
3792:
3141:
3110:No more rules: graphic design and postmodernism
2333:
1807:Postmodernism: Style and Subversion 1970 –1990,
1502:Lyotard defined philosophical postmodernism in
1488:The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge
1418:1970s, Foucault employed a Nietzsche-inspired "
810:The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge
617:response to modernism's alleged assault on the
5135:The Cambridge Companion to Postmodern Theology
3392:An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture
1642:, the reversal of production and consumption,
6242:
5266:
5242:
5137:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 22–25.
4479:Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: A reader
4022:
4020:
3475:
3469:
3323:"How Virgil Abloh Defined Postmodern Fashion"
3292:"Performance and the Postmodern in Pop Music"
1162:Postmodernism: Style and Subversion 1970-1990
535:. Similarly, the first citation given by the
397:
5991:The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons
4746:A Dictionary of Cultural and Critical Theory
3789:
3592:
2026: – Religion influenced by postmodernism
1395:
828:Philosopher Jean-Francois Lyotard, photo by
27:Artistic, cultural, and theoretical movement
4629:
4103:Fjellestad, Danuta; Engberg, Maria (2013).
4087:
3927:The death and life of great American cities
3521:
3434:
3432:
2745:
2709:
2658:
1998: – Philosophical and cultural movement
1669:The Death and Life of Great American Cities
1472:
1160:, commenting for a 2011 museum exhibition,
1005:In their book, "Revisiting Postmodernism",
609:In the mid-1970s, the American sociologist
6249:
6235:
5273:
5259:
5144:"Postmodernity as a Philosophical Concept"
5142:Welsch, Wolfgang; Sandbothe, Mike (1997).
5021:The Postmodern Imagination of Russell Kirk
4849:Hatuka, Tali; d'Hooghe, Alexander (2007).
4632:Postmodern Theory: Critical Interrogations
4593:. Milwaukie: Morehouse Publishing Company.
4567:
4017:
3840:
3783:
3771:
3754:
2817:
2793:
2243:
1992: – Epistemology without sure premises
604:
404:
390:
121:but reinterpreted for the present day, by
5132:
4762:
4541:
4326:
4185:
4162:"Postmodernism is dead. What comes next?"
4088:Potter, Garry; Lopez, Jose, eds. (2001).
3999:
3910:
3555:
3495:
3402:
2267:
970:, PA by alumnus of the Academy architect
5094:
5055:
5049:The Routledge Companion to Postmodernism
5017:
4727:The Cambridge Companion to Postmodernism
4705:
4470:
4445:
4277:
4011:
3438:
3429:
3389:
3289:
3022:The Language of Post-Modern Architecture
2994:The language of post-modern architecture
2619:
2481:
2419:
2173:
1454:The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity
1282:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1115:
993:The Language of Post-Modern Architecture
957:
926:Relevant discussion may be found on the
823:
651:
571:and also an Episcopal priest, published
5113:
4969:
4928:
4865:
4791:
4706:Buchanan, Ian (2018). "postmodernism".
4686:
4638:
4630:Best, Steven; Kellner, Douglas (1991).
4574:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4507:
4476:
4159:
4137:"The Death of Postmodernism and Beyond"
4092:. London: The Athlone Press. p. 4.
3798:
3710:
3669:
3628:
3170:
3063:
3034:
2937:
2889:
2877:
2865:
2853:
2841:
2829:
2805:
2781:
2769:
2757:
2733:
2721:
2694:
2682:
2670:
2646:
2634:
2590:
2561:
2549:
2534:
2493:
2433:Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
2369:
2357:
2318:
2306:
2294:
2255:
2231:
2216:
2185:
1430:Gilles Deleuze on productive difference
14:
6547:
4993:. Amsterdam; Atlanta, Georgia: Rodopi.
4988:
4897:
4832:
4743:
4724:
4658:Birzer, Bradley J. (9 November 2015).
4657:
4542:de Castro, Eliana (12 December 2015).
4007:
3987:
3963:
3951:
3922:
3640:
3363:Postmodern music, postmodern listening
3360:
3320:
3224:
3182:
3106:
3016:
2991:
2967:"The Rise of Post Modern Architecture"
2961:
2949:
2925:
2913:
2901:
2607:
2578:
2469:
2445:
2381:
2345:
2279:
2204:
518:
6230:
5254:
5241:
4641:The Idea of the Postmodern: A History
4597:
4568:Aylesworth, Gary (5 February 2015) .
4134:
4061:
3408:
3094:
2219:, Historical and Conceptual Overview.
1737:
1707:population groups and economic uses.
1625:(post-postmodern) are compared, with
6585:Philosophical schools and traditions
6521:
4952:"Michel Foucault: Political Thought"
4588:
4227:
4026:
3247:
3076:from the original on 16 October 2022
2457:
2098:
1355:
1254:
902:
724:'s attack on Western philosophy and
648:In literary and architectural theory
526:
5046:
4999:"postmodern (adjective & noun)"
4956:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4819:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4661:Russell Kirk: American Conservative
3675:"The Exorbitant Question of Method"
3580:
3064:Schudel, Matt (28 September 2018).
2971:Architectural Association Quarterly
2395:"postmodern (adjective & noun)"
1581:Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature
1491:. In it, he follows Wittgenstein's
1309:In the 1970s, a disparate group of
1272: with: individual treatment of
798:
776:docile subjects of social systems.
442:. Proponents align themselves with
24:
4812:
3857:
3417:from the original on 19 April 2017
3225:McHale, Brian (20 December 2007).
1413:Michel Foucault on power relations
898:
747:The influence of poststructuralism
25:
6611:
5178:
4949:
4777:10.3828/tpr.61.2.q5863289k1353533
4639:Bertens, Johannes Willem (1995).
4027:Soja, Edward W. (14 March 2014).
3742:
1649:
1443:The criticisms of JĂĽrgen Habermas
1373:
1141:Music critic Andy Cush described
1042:
876:or truthful theoretical claims.
371:Social construction of technology
6520:
6508:
6497:
6496:
6398:
6257:Sub-fields of and approaches to
6209:
4535:
4489:
4439:
4396:
4354:
4335:
4302:
4271:
4221:
4186:McCaffery, Larry (24 May 2004).
4179:
4153:
4128:
4096:
4081:
4055:
3993:
3916:
3441:"Madonna: Icon of Postmodernity"
3248:Cush, Andy (21 September 2023).
1646:– were employed for comparison.
1538:some of the technical vocabulary
1527:Jean Baudrillard on hyperreality
1259:
1250:
907:
720:(Yet, from another perspective,
591:modernist architectural movement
77:
66:
55:
4970:Lyotard, Jean-François (1984).
4901:University of Toronto Quarterly
4708:A Dictionary of Critical Theory
4560:
4062:Shiel, Mark (30 October 2017).
3863:
3715:. Translated by Brown, Andrew.
3704:
3663:
3634:
3586:
3549:
3383:
3354:
3314:
3290:Mitchell, Tony (October 1989).
3283:
3241:
3218:
3176:
3135:
3100:
3057:
3028:
3010:
2985:
2955:
2613:
2499:
2425:
2387:
2073:
953:
656:The poet Robert Creeley in 1972
5280:
4729:. Cambridge University Press.
4591:Postmodernism and Other Essays
4589:Bell, Bernard Iddings (1926).
4342:MĂĽller Schwarze, Nina (2015).
4035:University of California Press
3688:Johns Hopkins University Press
3556:Bernstein, Richard J. (1992).
3450:. pp. 1–8. Archived from
3321:Jensen, Emily (27 July 2022).
2820:, §2 The Postmodern Condition.
2117:
2092:
1062:In 1971, the American scholar
962:Interior of the Chapel at the
660:According to Hans Bertens and
573:Postmodernism and Other Essays
473:
36:Postmodernism (disambiguation)
13:
1:
4991:Postmodernism: A Bibliography
4933:. In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).
4796:. In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).
4689:A Glossary of Cultural Theory
4572:. In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).
4346:. Jefferson, North Carolina:
4284:Explorations in Media Ecology
3890:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.12.005
3810:University of Minnesota Press
3497:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.12.005
3150:. Pearson. pp. 305–306.
1911:
1598:
1548:Richard Rorty's neopragmatism
1051:
541:is dated to 1916, describing
366:Social construction of gender
360:Social construction of nature
6121:Aestheticization of politics
5204:Resources in other libraries
5114:Toynbee, Arnold J. (1961) .
5051:(3 ed.). pp. 3–14.
5026:University of Missouri Press
5018:Russello, Gerald J. (2007).
4725:Connor, Steven, ed. (2004).
4666:University Press of Kentucky
3931:. New York: Modern Library.
3877:Journal of Business Research
3757:, §4. Productive Difference.
3483:Journal of Business Research
2940:, §6. Concluding Assessment.
2622:The Origins of Postmodernity
2086:
1858:, and artifacts employed by
1814:introducing architects like
1781:Twentieth-Century Literature
1614:Journal of Business Research
1606:
7:
6452:Non-representational theory
5148:International Postmodernism
4876:. Oxford University Press.
4815:"Richard Rorty (1931—2007)"
4710:. Oxford University Press.
4608:. Oxford University Press.
4278:Campbell, Heidi A. (2006).
3173:, History of Postmodernism.
3024:. London: Academy Editions.
2334:Welsch & Sandbothe 1997
1977:
1766:were first coined in 2003:
1698:formed in the 1920s at the
1120:American singer-songwriter
10:
6616:
5072:10.1177/000169939003300104
4874:Encyclopedia of Aesthetics
4606:Encyclopedia of Aesthetics
4431:: CS1 maint: url-status (
4388:: CS1 maint: url-status (
4367:Victoria and Albert Museum
4315:Surveillance & Society
4249:10.1162/002409403322258691
4213:: CS1 maint: url-status (
4004:Hatuka & d'Hooghe 2007
3976:Hatuka & d'Hooghe 2007
3390:Strinati, Dominic (1995).
3346:: CS1 maint: url-status (
3275:: CS1 maint: url-status (
2079:English translation, 1984.
1918:Criticism of postmodernism
1915:
1901:. A review in the journal
1811:Victoria and Albert Museum
1741:
1478:
1397:Il n'y a pas de hors-texte
1377:
1359:
1302:
1133:Postmodern classical music
1126:
1055:
1020:
976:
946:
29:
6492:
6407:
6396:
6265:
6189:
6113:
5962:
5735:
5442:
5354:
5288:
5248:
5243:Links to related articles
5199:Resources in your library
5124:. p. 43 – via
5003:Oxford English Dictionary
4929:Kellner, Douglas (2020).
4748:. John Wiley & Sons.
4527:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3641:Culler, Jonathan (2008).
3361:Kramer, Jonathan (2016).
3227:"What Was Postmodernism?"
2399:Oxford English Dictionary
1710:
1559:. Initially attracted to
1366:Poststructuralists, like
842:communicative rationality
683:values championed by the
538:Oxford English Dictionary
125:, 2009, various locations
99:Museum of Decorative Arts
48:
6565:Criticism of rationalism
5095:Thompson, J. M. (1914).
4989:Madsen, Deborah (1995).
4974:. U of Minnesota Press.
4765:The Town Planning Review
4691:(2nd ed.). Arnold.
4160:Gibbons, Alison (2017).
3711:Peeters, Benoît (2013).
3690:. pp. 158–59, 163.
3600:(I ed.). New York:
3229:. Electronic Book Review
3037:Revisiting Postmodernism
2992:Jencks, Charles (1977).
2796:, Introduction & §2.
2620:Anderson, Perry (1998).
2066:
1575:, and Martin Heidegger.
1504:The Postmodern Condition
1474:The Postmodern Condition
1111:
1016:
1011:Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
6141:Evolutionary aesthetics
6091:The Aesthetic Dimension
5224:Postmodernism and truth
5122:Oxford University Press
4794:"Jean François Lyotard"
4792:Gratton, Peter (2018).
4687:Brooker, Peter (2003).
4446:Atkinson, Paul (2012).
3598:Structural Anthropology
3439:McGregor, Jock (2008).
3409:Brown, Stephen (2003).
3039:. Newcastle upon Tyne:
3035:Farrell, Terry (2017).
2746:Best & Kellner 1991
2710:Best & Kellner 1991
2659:Best & Kellner 1991
2624:. Verso. pp. 6–12.
2103:. Phaidon. p. 79.
1908:as 'a fool's errand.'"
1510:where what he means by
991:, however, is the book
979:Postmodern architecture
605:Theoretical development
256:International relations
6590:Theories of aesthetics
6580:Science fiction themes
6071:Avant-Garde and Kitsch
6021:Lectures on Aesthetics
5156:10.1075/chlel.xi.07wel
4193:Electronic Book Review
3560:. Polity. p. 11.
3148:Graphic Design History
2977:(4): 3–14 – via
2099:Hall, William (2019).
1826:, also designers like
1773:
1683:designed by architect
1396:
1219:, and performers like
1124:
974:
833:
702:. The literary critic
657:
516:
350:Social constructionism
34:. For other uses, see
6216:Philosophy portal
4842:Ohio University Press
4328:10.24908/ss.v1i3.3346
4296:10.1386/eme.5.4.279_1
3923:Jacobs, Jane (1993).
3189:Postmodernist Fiction
3115:Yale University Press
3107:Poynor, Rick (2003).
2996:. New York: Rizzoli.
2868:, pp. xxiii–xxv.
1768:
1764:postpoststructuralism
1700:University of Chicago
1540:of the psychoanalyst
1520:epistemically certain
1481:Jean-François Lyotard
1348:According to scholar
1335:Jean-François Lyotard
1305:Postmodern philosophy
1119:
1097:Postmodernist Fiction
1084:and the late work of
1058:Postmodern literature
961:
827:
805:Jean-François Lyotard
795:and Linda Nicholson.
655:
640:According to scholar
619:Protestant work ethic
569:St. Stephen's College
511:
506:count as postmodern.
354:social constructivism
6161:Philosophy of design
6041:In Praise of Shadows
6031:The Critic as Artist
4914:10.3138/utq.62.4.474
4643:. Psychology Press.
4228:Mann, Steve (2003).
4135:Kirby, Alan (2006).
4119:on 23 February 2013.
4010:, pp. 474–487;
4002:, pp. 119–137;
3713:Derrida: A Biography
3594:LĂ©vi-Strauss, Claude
2507:"postmodernism (n.)"
2003:Culture and politics
1990:Anti-foundationalism
1726:American Book Review
1632:anti-foundationalism
1611:A 2020 paper in the
1463:communicative reason
1029:Judson Dance Theater
666:Black Mountain poets
565:Bernard Iddings Bell
6479:Sexuality and space
6171:Philosophy of music
6146:Mathematical beauty
5102:The Hibbert Journal
4115:(4). Archived from
3913:, pp. 119–137.
3843:, §6. Hyperreality.
3719:. pp. 377–78.
3526:(2 November 2001).
3367:Bloomsbury Academic
2856:, pp. 119–121.
2024:Postmodern religion
1561:analytic philosophy
1420:genealogical method
1315:Friedrich Nietzsche
819:Ludwig Wittgenstein
817:", as adopted from
722:Friedrich Nietzsche
595:International Style
519:Historical overview
45:
6462:Post-structuralism
6166:Philosophy of film
6156:Patterns in nature
6126:Applied aesthetics
6101:Why Beauty Matters
5887:Life imitating art
5748:Art for art's sake
5117:A study of History
4931:"Jean Baudrillard"
4006:, pp. 20–27;
3673:(8 January 1998).
3457:on 7 December 2010
3194:Abingdon-on-Thames
3142:Drucker, Johanna;
2928:, pp. 568–69.
2784:, pp. 190–96.
2748:, pp. 39, 47.
1930:values as well as
1759:Post-postmodernism
1738:Post-postmodernism
1636:de-differentiation
1569:Hans Georg Gadamer
1531:In postmodernism,
1311:poststructuralists
1276:. You can help by
1125:
975:
840:, whose theory of
834:
830:Bracha L. Ettinger
658:
635:modernist movement
601:1970s, and 1980s.
440:cultural pluralism
328:Post-postmodernism
180:Post-structuralism
103:Neue Staatsgalerie
43:
6542:
6541:
6536:
6535:
6474:Scientific method
6224:
6223:
6176:Psychology of art
6051:Art as Experience
5185:Library resources
5165:978-90-272-3443-8
4883:978-0-19-511307-5
4615:978-0-19-511307-5
4503:on 5 August 2018.
4483:Pearson Education
4044:978-0-520-95763-3
3978:, pp. 20–27.
3819:978-0-944624-06-7
3726:978-0-7456-5615-1
3656:978-0-415-46151-1
3376:978-1-5013-0602-0
3157:978-0-13-241075-5
3113:. New Haven, CT:
3050:978-1-85946-632-2
2844:, pp. 65–66.
2760:, pp. 8, 70.
2736:, pp. 7, 79.
2685:, pp. 59–60.
2661:, pp. 22–23.
2384:, pp. 12ff..
2110:978-0-7148-7925-3
2009:Defamiliarization
1936:objective reality
1934:concepts such as
1868:Grandmaster Flash
1832:Vivienne Westwood
1796:Nicolas Bourriaud
1788:Gilles Lipovetsky
1497:speech act theory
1362:Poststructuralism
1356:Poststructuralism
1319:Søren Kierkegaard
1301:
1300:
1152:, examining the "
964:Episcopal Academy
945:
944:
886:identity politics
787:. The art critic
730:poststructuralism
584:Arnold J. Toynbee
527:Early appearances
414:
413:
288:Political science
130:
129:
16:(Redirected from
6607:
6560:1880s neologisms
6524:
6523:
6512:
6500:
6499:
6402:
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6244:
6237:
6228:
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5239:
5238:
5173:
5138:
5129:
5110:
5097:"Post-Modernism"
5091:
5059:Acta Sociologica
5052:
5043:
5014:
5012:
5010:
4994:
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4809:
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4788:
4759:
4740:
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4683:
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4635:
4626:
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4601:Postmodern Dance
4594:
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4583:
4581:
4555:
4554:
4539:
4533:
4532:
4526:
4518:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4499:. Archived from
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4076:
4074:
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4053:
4052:
4024:
4015:
4014:, pp. 51–62
3997:
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3769:
3758:
3752:
3746:
3740:
3731:
3730:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3679:
3671:Derrida, Jacques
3667:
3661:
3660:
3638:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3590:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3524:Kellner, Douglas
3519:
3510:
3509:
3499:
3473:
3467:
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3462:
3456:
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2349:
2348:, pp. 12ff.
2343:
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2121:
2115:
2114:
2096:
2080:
2077:
2055:
2037:Second modernity
1969:
1593:secular humanism
1509:
1447:The philosopher
1402:deconstructivism
1399:
1339:Jean Baudrillard
1323:Martin Heidegger
1296:
1293:
1287:
1263:
1255:
1129:Postmodern music
1106:Raymond Federman
1072:Donald Barthelme
1037:Merce Cunningham
1023:Postmodern dance
940:
937:
931:
911:
903:
858:Jean Baudrillard
799:In social theory
785:multiculturalism
726:Martin Heidegger
624:Jean Baudrillard
454:. Building upon
448:multiculturalism
406:
399:
392:
361:
132:
131:
81:
70:
59:
46:
42:
21:
6615:
6614:
6610:
6609:
6608:
6606:
6605:
6604:
6600:Cultural trends
6545:
6544:
6543:
6538:
6537:
6532:
6488:
6403:
6394:
6261:
6259:human geography
6255:
6225:
6220:
6210:
6208:
6185:
6109:
6104:
6094:
6084:
6081:Critical Essays
6074:
6064:
6054:
6044:
6034:
6024:
6014:
6004:
5994:
5984:
5974:
5958:
5731:
5645:Ortega y Gasset
5438:
5350:
5284:
5279:
5244:
5226:by philosopher
5210:
5209:
5208:
5193:
5192:
5188:
5181:
5176:
5166:
5120:. Vol. 5.
5036:
5008:
5006:
4997:
4982:
4960:
4958:
4940:
4938:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4844:. p. 12ff.
4823:
4821:
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4801:
4756:
4737:
4718:
4699:
4676:
4651:
4620:
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4616:
4579:
4577:
4570:"Postmodernism"
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4406:
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4381:
4380:
4373:
4371:
4360:
4359:
4355:
4348:McFarland Press
4340:
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3939:
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3917:
3909:
3905:
3868:
3864:
3860:, lead section.
3856:
3847:
3841:Aylesworth 2015
3839:
3835:
3820:
3808:. Minneapolis:
3797:
3790:
3784:Aylesworth 2015
3782:
3778:
3772:Aylesworth 2015
3770:
3761:
3755:Aylesworth 2015
3753:
3749:
3745:, lead section.
3741:
3734:
3727:
3709:
3705:
3698:
3683:Of Grammatology
3677:
3668:
3664:
3657:
3639:
3635:
3627:
3623:
3612:
3604:. p. 324.
3591:
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3296:Theatre Journal
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3140:
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3105:
3101:
3093:
3089:
3079:
3077:
3062:
3058:
3051:
3041:RIBA Publishing
3033:
3029:
3018:Jencks, Charles
3015:
3011:
3004:
2990:
2986:
2963:Jencks, Charles
2960:
2956:
2948:
2944:
2936:
2932:
2924:
2920:
2916:, pp. 3–4.
2912:
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2888:
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2864:
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2852:
2848:
2840:
2836:
2828:
2824:
2818:Aylesworth 2015
2816:
2812:
2808:, p. xxiv.
2804:
2800:
2794:Aylesworth 2015
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2293:
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2246:, Introduction.
2244:Aylesworth 2015
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2014:
1980:
1967:
1957:Media theorist
1952:social progress
1920:
1914:
1888:Karl Lagerfeld,
1872:Karole Armitage
1750:
1742:Main articles:
1740:
1721:Larry McCaffery
1713:
1685:Minoru Yamasaki
1656:mass production
1652:
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1601:
1550:
1529:
1507:
1483:
1477:
1449:JĂĽrgen Habermas
1445:
1432:
1415:
1391:Of Grammatology
1386:Jacques Derrida
1382:
1376:
1364:
1358:
1331:Michel Foucault
1327:Jacques Derrida
1307:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1281:
1274:Fredric Jameson
1270:needs expansion
1264:
1253:
1221:Laurie Anderson
1169:Jonathan Kramer
1154:Road to Nowhere
1139:
1127:Main articles:
1114:
1060:
1054:
1045:
1025:
1019:
981:
956:
951:
941:
935:
932:
925:
918:needs expansion
912:
901:
899:In various arts
882:postcolonialism
874:science fiction
862:late capitalism
850:Fredric Jameson
838:JĂĽrgen Habermas
801:
769:Michel Foucault
761:foundationalist
757:Jacques Derrida
749:
650:
628:Fredric Jameson
607:
567:, president of
529:
521:
476:
452:postcolonialism
410:
378:Linguistic turn
359:
126:
123:Philippe Starck
119:Louis XVI style
91:Ettore Sottsass
87:
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85:
84:
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82:
73:
72:
71:
62:
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39:
28:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
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6570:Metanarratives
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6506:
6493:
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6471:
6470:
6469:
6467:Deconstruction
6464:
6454:
6449:
6448:
6447:
6442:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6420:Culture theory
6417:
6411:
6409:
6405:
6404:
6397:
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6393:
6392:
6387:
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6151:Neuroesthetics
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6131:Arts criticism
6128:
6123:
6117:
6115:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6097:
6087:
6077:
6067:
6057:
6047:
6037:
6027:
6017:
6007:
6001:On the Sublime
5997:
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5977:
5966:
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5960:
5959:
5957:
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5941:
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5921:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5872:
5867:
5865:Interpretation
5862:
5857:
5852:
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5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
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5758:Artistic merit
5755:
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5440:
5439:
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5414:
5409:
5407:Psychoanalysis
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5358:
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5278:
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5270:
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5236:
5235:
5230:
5228:Daniel Dennett
5221:
5216:
5207:
5206:
5201:
5195:
5194:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5179:External links
5177:
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5111:
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5015:
4995:
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4981:978-0816611737
4980:
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4947:
4926:
4908:(4): 474–487.
4895:
4882:
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4830:
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4771:(2): 119–137.
4760:
4755:978-1118438817
4754:
4741:
4736:978-0521648400
4735:
4722:
4717:978-0198794790
4716:
4703:
4698:978-0340807002
4697:
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4650:978-0415060110
4649:
4636:
4627:
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4556:
4534:
4515:"Art Bollocks"
4506:
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4353:
4334:
4321:(3): 375–398.
4301:
4290:(4): 279–296.
4270:
4243:(4): 285–290.
4220:
4178:
4152:
4142:Philosophy Now
4127:
4095:
4080:
4054:
4043:
4016:
4000:Goodchild 1990
3992:
3990:, p. 460.
3980:
3968:
3966:, p. 480.
3956:
3954:, p. 479.
3944:
3937:
3915:
3911:Goodchild 1990
3903:
3862:
3845:
3833:
3818:
3800:Lyotard, J.-F.
3788:
3776:
3759:
3747:
3732:
3725:
3703:
3696:
3662:
3655:
3633:
3631:, p. 205.
3621:
3610:
3585:
3573:
3567:978-0745609201
3566:
3548:
3522:Best, Steven;
3511:
3468:
3428:
3401:
3398:. p. 234.
3382:
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3002:
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2892:, p. 108.
2882:
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2846:
2834:
2832:, p. 111.
2822:
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2663:
2651:
2639:
2627:
2612:
2595:
2593:, p. 201.
2583:
2566:
2554:
2552:, p. 203.
2539:
2524:
2498:
2486:
2474:
2462:
2450:
2438:
2424:
2422:, p. 733.
2412:
2386:
2374:
2362:
2360:, p. 202.
2350:
2338:
2323:
2311:
2299:
2284:
2272:
2268:Vanhoozer 2003
2260:
2258:, p. 204.
2248:
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2221:
2209:
2207:, p. 567.
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2019:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1996:Transmodernism
1993:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1964:Daniel Dennett
1916:Main article:
1913:
1910:
1824:James Stirling
1792:hypermodernity
1775:More recently
1739:
1736:
1712:
1709:
1696:Chicago School
1651:
1650:Urban planning
1648:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1597:
1573:G. W. F. Hegel
1565:Charles Darwin
1549:
1546:
1528:
1525:
1493:language games
1479:Main article:
1476:
1471:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1414:
1411:
1380:Deconstruction
1378:Main article:
1375:
1374:Deconstruction
1372:
1368:structuralists
1360:Main article:
1357:
1354:
1303:Main article:
1299:
1298:
1292:September 2024
1267:
1265:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1182:Bradley Joseph
1178:Henryk GĂłrecki
1147:Media theorist
1113:
1110:
1090:Roland Barthes
1086:Samuel Beckett
1081:Finnegans Wake
1076:Thomas Pynchon
1056:Main article:
1053:
1050:
1044:
1043:Graphic design
1041:
1021:Main article:
1018:
1015:
985:Charles Jencks
977:Main article:
972:Robert Venturi
968:Newtown Square
955:
952:
949:Postmodern art
943:
942:
936:September 2024
915:
913:
906:
900:
897:
815:language games
800:
797:
753:deconstructive
748:
745:
741:Robert Venturi
737:Charles Jencks
673:Robert Creeley
662:Perry Anderson
649:
646:
606:
603:
528:
525:
520:
517:
484:William Spanos
475:
472:
456:poststructural
412:
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276:Postpositivism
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177:
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167:
165:Hypermodernity
162:
160:Deconstruction
154:
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147:
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139:
138:
128:
127:
111:James Stirling
109:, Germany, by
88:
76:
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65:
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53:
52:
51:
50:
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26:
9:
6:
4:
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2:
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6595:Art movements
6593:
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6581:
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6568:
6566:
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6555:Postmodernism
6553:
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6529:
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6519:
6517:
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6511:
6507:
6505:
6504:
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6482:
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6457:Postmodernism
6455:
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6440:Structuralism
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6217:
6207:
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6181:Theory of art
6179:
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5971:Hippias Major
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5830:Entertainment
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5753:Art manifesto
5751:
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5743:Appropriation
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5635:Merleau-Ponty
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5450:Abhinavagupta
5448:
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5435:
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5428:
5425:
5423:
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5408:
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5402:Postmodernism
5400:
5398:
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5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
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5220:
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5215:
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5211:
5205:
5202:
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5197:
5196:
5191:
5190:Postmodernism
5186:
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5054:
5050:
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5041:
5037:
5035:9780826265944
5031:
5027:
5023:
5022:
5016:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4987:
4983:
4977:
4973:
4968:
4957:
4953:
4950:Kelly, Mark.
4948:
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4911:
4907:
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4675:9780813166209
4671:
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4473:
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4457:
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4452:Design Issues
4449:
4442:
4434:
4428:
4412:
4405:
4399:
4391:
4385:
4369:
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4110:
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4099:
4091:
4084:
4069:
4065:
4064:"Edward Soja"
4058:
4050:
4046:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4023:
4021:
4013:
4012:Simonsen 1990
4009:
4005:
4001:
3996:
3989:
3984:
3977:
3972:
3965:
3960:
3953:
3948:
3940:
3938:0-679-64433-4
3934:
3929:
3928:
3919:
3912:
3907:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3842:
3837:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3795:
3793:
3785:
3780:
3773:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3756:
3751:
3744:
3739:
3737:
3728:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3707:
3699:
3697:0-8018-5830-5
3693:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3658:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3625:
3618:
3613:
3611:0-465-09516-X
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3582:
3577:
3569:
3563:
3559:
3552:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3518:
3516:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3472:
3453:
3449:
3442:
3435:
3433:
3416:
3412:
3405:
3397:
3393:
3386:
3378:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3357:
3349:
3343:
3328:
3324:
3317:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3286:
3278:
3272:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3244:
3228:
3221:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3179:
3172:
3167:
3159:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3138:
3130:
3128:0-300-10034-5
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3103:
3096:
3091:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3060:
3052:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3005:
3003:0-8478-0167-5
2999:
2995:
2988:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2958:
2951:
2946:
2939:
2934:
2927:
2922:
2915:
2910:
2903:
2898:
2891:
2886:
2879:
2874:
2867:
2862:
2855:
2850:
2843:
2838:
2831:
2826:
2819:
2814:
2807:
2802:
2795:
2790:
2783:
2778:
2772:, p. 92.
2771:
2766:
2759:
2754:
2747:
2742:
2735:
2730:
2724:, p. 70.
2723:
2718:
2712:, p. 21.
2711:
2706:
2704:
2696:
2691:
2684:
2679:
2673:, p. 55.
2672:
2667:
2660:
2655:
2649:, p. 24.
2648:
2643:
2637:, p. 21.
2636:
2631:
2623:
2616:
2610:, p. 12.
2609:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2592:
2587:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2564:, p. 30.
2563:
2558:
2551:
2546:
2544:
2537:, p. 19.
2536:
2531:
2529:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2496:, p. 43.
2495:
2490:
2483:
2482:Russello 2007
2478:
2471:
2466:
2459:
2454:
2447:
2442:
2434:
2428:
2421:
2420:Thompson 1914
2416:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2383:
2378:
2371:
2366:
2359:
2354:
2347:
2342:
2336:, p. 76.
2335:
2330:
2328:
2321:, p. 10.
2320:
2315:
2309:, p. 46.
2308:
2303:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2282:, p. 17.
2281:
2276:
2269:
2264:
2257:
2252:
2245:
2240:
2233:
2228:
2226:
2218:
2213:
2206:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2188:, p. 11.
2187:
2182:
2175:
2174:Buchanan 2018
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2112:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2091:
2076:
2072:
2060:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1904:Design Issues
1900:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1880:Michael Clark
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1856:Helmut Newton
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1820:Charles Moore
1817:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1777:metamodernism
1772:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1749:
1748:Metamodernism
1745:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1660:prefabricated
1657:
1647:
1645:
1644:hyper-reality
1641:
1640:fragmentation
1637:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1604:
1596:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1557:neopragmatism
1554:
1553:Richard Rorty
1545:
1543:
1542:Jacques Lacan
1539:
1534:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1516:grands récits
1513:
1512:metanarrative
1505:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1440:
1435:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1410:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1363:
1353:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1343:Richard Rorty
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1295:
1285:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1268:This section
1266:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1251:In philosophy
1248:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1229:Pet Shop Boys
1226:
1222:
1218:
1217:Talking Heads
1214:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1198:Michael Nyman
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1167:The composer
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1143:Talking Heads
1138:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1118:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1074:(and, later,
1073:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1049:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1007:Terry Farrell
1003:
1001:
1000:double coding
996:
994:
990:
986:
980:
973:
969:
965:
960:
950:
939:
929:
923:
919:
916:This section
914:
910:
905:
904:
896:
894:
889:
887:
883:
877:
875:
871:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
846:
843:
839:
831:
826:
822:
820:
816:
812:
811:
806:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
777:
774:
773:Enlightenment
770:
765:
762:
758:
754:
744:
742:
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
718:
716:
712:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
688:
686:
685:Enlightenment
682:
678:
674:
670:
669:Charles Olson
667:
663:
654:
645:
643:
642:Steven Connor
638:
636:
631:
629:
625:
620:
616:
612:
602:
598:
596:
593:known as the
592:
587:
585:
580:
578:
577:Enlightenment
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
553:raison d'ĂŞtre
550:
546:
544:
540:
539:
534:
533:Impressionism
524:
515:
510:
507:
505:
504:
499:
495:
494:
489:
485:
479:
471:
469:
465:
461:
460:Enlightenment
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
436:
434:
430:
424:
422:
418:
417:Postmodernism
407:
402:
400:
395:
393:
388:
387:
385:
384:
379:
376:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
357:
356:
355:
351:
347:
346:
345:
344:
340:
339:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
323:Metamodernism
321:
319:
316:
315:
314:
313:
309:
308:
303:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
263:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
246:
245:Picture books
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
193:
192:
191:
187:
186:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
157:
156:
155:
152:
151:Postmodernity
149:
148:
145:
141:
140:
137:
136:Postmodernism
134:
133:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
95:Memphis Group
92:
80:
69:
58:
47:
44:Postmodernism
41:
37:
33:
32:Postmodernity
19:
6525:
6513:
6501:
6456:
6273:Agricultural
6099:
6089:
6079:
6049:
6039:
6019:
6009:
5999:
5989:
5979:
5969:
5916:
5892:Magnificence
5874:
5724:
5690:Schopenhauer
5525:Coomaraswamy
5443:Philosophers
5431:
5401:
5362:Aestheticism
5189:
5170:Google Books
5168:– via
5147:
5134:
5126:Google Books
5116:
5106:
5100:
5066:(1): 51–62.
5063:
5057:
5048:
5040:Google Books
5038:– via
5020:
5007:. Retrieved
5002:
4990:
4971:
4961:14 September
4959:. Retrieved
4955:
4939:. Retrieved
4934:
4905:
4899:
4887:. Retrieved
4873:
4868:
4858:
4854:
4837:
4834:Hassan, Ihab
4824:14 September
4822:. Retrieved
4818:
4802:. Retrieved
4797:
4768:
4764:
4745:
4726:
4707:
4688:
4680:Google Books
4678:– via
4660:
4640:
4634:. Macmillan.
4631:
4619:. Retrieved
4605:
4600:
4590:
4578:. Retrieved
4573:
4561:Bibliography
4551:
4547:
4537:
4509:
4501:the original
4491:
4478:
4472:
4455:
4451:
4441:
4417:25 September
4415:. Retrieved
4410:
4398:
4374:25 September
4372:. Retrieved
4365:
4356:
4343:
4337:
4318:
4314:
4304:
4287:
4283:
4273:
4240:
4236:
4223:
4199:26 September
4197:. Retrieved
4191:
4181:
4169:. Retrieved
4165:
4155:
4146:
4140:
4130:
4117:the original
4112:
4108:
4098:
4089:
4083:
4071:. Retrieved
4067:
4057:
4049:Google Books
4047:– via
4029:
3995:
3983:
3971:
3959:
3947:
3926:
3918:
3906:
3881:
3875:
3865:
3836:
3804:
3779:
3750:
3717:Polity Press
3712:
3706:
3681:
3665:
3642:
3636:
3629:Brooker 2003
3624:
3615:
3597:
3588:
3583:, p. 3.
3576:
3557:
3551:
3539:. Retrieved
3531:
3487:
3481:
3471:
3459:. Retrieved
3452:the original
3419:. Retrieved
3404:
3391:
3385:
3365:. New York:
3362:
3356:
3332:25 September
3330:. Retrieved
3326:
3316:
3299:
3295:
3285:
3261:25 September
3259:. Retrieved
3253:
3243:
3231:. Retrieved
3220:
3212:Google Books
3210:– via
3188:
3178:
3171:Herwitz 2008
3166:
3147:
3137:
3109:
3102:
3090:
3078:. Retrieved
3069:
3059:
3036:
3030:
3021:
3012:
2993:
2987:
2979:Google Books
2974:
2970:
2957:
2952:, p. 4.
2945:
2938:Kellner 2020
2933:
2921:
2909:
2904:, p. 3.
2897:
2890:Bertens 1995
2885:
2880:, §§3.2–3.4.
2878:Gratton 2018
2873:
2866:Lyotard 1984
2861:
2854:Bertens 1995
2849:
2842:Lyotard 1984
2837:
2830:Bertens 1995
2825:
2813:
2806:Lyotard 1984
2801:
2789:
2782:Bertens 1995
2777:
2770:Bertens 1995
2765:
2758:Bertens 1995
2753:
2741:
2734:Bertens 1995
2729:
2722:Bertens 1995
2717:
2697:, p. 5.
2695:Bertens 1995
2690:
2683:Bertens 1995
2678:
2671:Bertens 1995
2666:
2654:
2647:Bertens 1995
2642:
2635:Bertens 1995
2630:
2621:
2615:
2591:Bertens 1995
2586:
2581:, p. 5.
2562:Bertens 1995
2557:
2550:Brooker 2003
2535:Bertens 1995
2515:. Retrieved
2510:
2501:
2494:Toynbee 1961
2489:
2477:
2465:
2453:
2441:
2432:
2427:
2415:
2403:. Retrieved
2398:
2389:
2377:
2372:, p. 4.
2370:Bertens 1995
2365:
2358:Brooker 2003
2353:
2341:
2319:Bertens 1995
2314:
2307:Bertens 1995
2302:
2295:Bertens 1995
2275:
2270:, p. 3.
2263:
2256:Brooker 2003
2251:
2239:
2234:, p. 3.
2232:Bertens 1995
2217:Herwitz 2008
2212:
2186:Bertens 1995
2181:
2132:. Retrieved
2128:
2119:
2100:
2094:
2075:
1972:
1959:Dick Hebdige
1956:
1932:universalist
1924:conservative
1921:
1903:
1860:Annie Lennox
1844:Leigh Bowery
1836:Rei Kawakubo
1806:
1804:
1785:
1780:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1714:
1689:
1674:
1667:
1666:' 1961 book
1653:
1623:Taylor Swift
1613:
1610:
1602:
1590:
1586:naturalistic
1579:
1577:
1551:
1533:hyperreality
1530:
1515:
1514:(in French,
1503:
1501:
1486:
1484:
1473:
1467:
1459:
1452:
1446:
1433:
1424:
1416:
1406:
1389:
1383:
1365:
1347:
1345:and others.
1308:
1289:
1278:adding to it
1269:
1233:
1210:
1202:Lou Harrison
1194:Philip Glass
1166:
1161:
1150:Dick Hebdige
1140:
1101:Brian McHale
1096:
1094:
1079:
1061:
1048:advocates."
1046:
1026:
1004:
999:
997:
992:
988:
982:
954:Architecture
933:
922:adding to it
917:
890:
878:
866:
854:Ernst Mandel
847:
835:
808:
807:in his 1979
802:
793:Nancy Fraser
778:
766:
750:
734:
719:
708:
689:
677:Heideggerian
659:
639:
632:
608:
599:
588:
581:
572:
552:
547:
536:
530:
522:
512:
508:
501:
491:
480:
477:
437:
425:
416:
415:
206:Architecture
196:Anthropology
175:Posthumanism
170:Hyperreality
142:Preceded by
135:
40:
6293:Development
5985:(c. 335 BC)
5975:(c. 390 BC)
5954:Work of art
5907:Picturesque
5763:Avant-garde
5720:Winckelmann
5595:Kierkegaard
5520:Collingwood
5490:Baudrillard
5417:Romanticism
5387:Historicism
5321:Mathematics
4861:(2): 20–27.
4171:17 February
4008:Irving 1993
3988:Irving 1993
3964:Irving 1993
3952:Irving 1993
3884:: 222–230.
3602:Basic Books
3490:: 222–230.
3080:24 December
3070:Independent
2950:Connor 2004
2926:Connor 2004
2914:Connor 2004
2902:Connor 2004
2608:Connor 2004
2579:Connor 2004
2470:Birzer 2015
2446:Madsen 1995
2382:Hassan 1987
2346:Hassan 1987
2280:Connor 2004
2205:Connor 2013
2059:Remodernism
2050:Altermodern
1884:Andy Warhol
1852:Guy Bourdin
1840:Grace Jones
1800:altermodern
1704:Edward Soja
1677:Pruitt–Igoe
1664:Jane Jacobs
1245:Martin Amis
1241:Graham Cray
1190:Steve Reich
1174:Terry Riley
1158:David Byrne
1064:Ihab Hassan
989:magnum opus
789:Craig Owens
715:Nietzschean
711:Ihab Hassan
704:Irving Howe
681:rationalist
611:Daniel Bell
503:Don Quixote
474:Definitions
333:Remodernism
216:Criminology
201:Archaeology
18:Post-modern
6549:Categories
6408:Approaches
6358:Settlement
6348:Population
6318:Historical
6278:Behavioral
6266:Sub-fields
5924:Recreation
5902:Perception
5795:Creativity
5495:Baumgarten
5485:Baudelaire
5367:Classicism
5282:Aesthetics
5009:9 February
4481:. London:
4073:1 February
4068:Mediapolis
3645:. London:
3394:. London:
3327:Jing Daily
3302:(3): 284.
3207:1134949162
3184:McHale, B.
3117:. p.
3095:Banes 2008
2517:8 February
2405:9 February
2044:Opposed by
1912:Criticisms
1876:Kazuo Ohno
1848:Klaus Nomi
1816:Aldo Rossi
1599:In society
1495:model and
1436:difference
1350:Stuart Sim
1186:John Adams
1068:John Barth
1052:Literature
947:See also:
893:relativism
870:simulacrum
615:nihilistic
468:relativism
464:nihilistic
283:Psychology
261:Philosophy
241:Literature
236:Television
6575:Modernism
6445:Semiotics
6435:Modernism
6385:Strategic
6368:Transport
6343:Political
6333:Marketing
6303:Emotional
6283:Cognitive
5929:Reverence
5835:Eroticism
5805:Depiction
5778:Masculine
5680:Santayana
5640:Nietzsche
5585:Hutcheson
5575:Heidegger
5560:Greenberg
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