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Posterior compartment of the forearm

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Aversi-Ferreira, T. A.; Diogo, R.; Potau, J. M.; Bello, G.; Pastor, J. F.; Aziz, M. Ashraf (Dec 2010). "Comparative anatomical study of the forearm extensor muscles of Cebus libidinosus (Rylands et al., 2000; Primates, Cebidae), modern humans, and other primates, with comments on primate evolution,
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In the early stage of development, the extensor precursor divides into 3 layers namely, superficial layer, radial layer and deep layer. The superficial group develops to become the extensor digitorum communis, the extensor carpi ulnaris and the extensor digiti minimi. The radial layer forms the
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The fourth compartment is the largest of all. It is occupied by the extensors of the digits, the extensor digitorum communis and the extensor indicis proprius. The extensor indicis proprius usually runs and inserts onto the ulnar side of the extensor digitorum communis of the index
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of the tendons that arise from the outer part of the elbow. The affected tendons are the tendons of extensor muscles which originate from the lateral epicondyle of humerus. It is caused by the repetitive movements and overuse. It damages the tendons which results in pain and
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The deep layer of the precursor extensor mass is known to be phylogenetically unstable and is undergoing evolution as high variability is seen in non-human primates. In humans, anomalous or additional muscles can be seen in small portion of population.
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in the posterior compartment of the forearm, which can be further divided into superficial, intermediate, and deep. Most of the muscles in the superficial and the intermediate layers share a common origin which is the outer part of the
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extensor carpi radialis longus, the extensor carpi radialis brevis and the brachioradialis. The deep layer differentiates to become the abductor pollicis longus, the extensor pollicis longus and the extensor pollicis brevis.
820:. The tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and the extensor pollicis brevis run narrower due to the thickening of the synovial sheath, which causes pain when extending and moving the thumb outward. 752: 564:
The muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm are innervated by the radial nerve and its branches. The radial nerve arises from the posterior cord of the plexus. The
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Cavdar, S.; Dogan, T.; Bayramiçli, M.; Sehirli, U.; Yüksel, M. (Jan 1998). "An unusual variation of extensor digitorum brevis manus: a case report and literature review".
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or apes, configurations of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm share similar characteristics. However, the anconeus is usually not present in the
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Anderson, M. W.; Benedetti, P.; Walter, J.; Steinberg, D. R. (Jun 1995). "MR appearance of the extensor digitorum manus brevis muscle: a pseudotumor of the hand".
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The supinator and the anconeus are the two extensor muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm that do not pass through wrist extensor compartments.
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are often encountered in the extensor compartment of the forearm. Clinical expressions of the extensor digitorum brevis manus are often mistaken for a
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The first compartment locating the most radial is occupied by the extensor pollicis brevis and the abductor pollicis longus to insert to the thumb.
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The presence of an additional tendon may result in a condition called fourth compartment syndrome. Supernumerary tendons are common in the fourth
237:, is unusual in that it is located in the posterior compartment, but it is actually a muscle of flexor / anterior compartment of the forearm. The 891:(humans) and the genus hylobates because the extensor pollicis brevis and the abductor pollicis longus exist as a single muscle in other genera. 534:
The second compartment is occupied by the two radial wrist extensors, the extensor carpi radialis longus and the extensor carpi radialis brevis.
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is a medical condition when the synovial sheath surrounding tendons in the first extensor tendon compartment becomes inflamed, so called
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Ilyas, Asif M.; Ilyas, Asif; Ast, Michael; Schaffer, Alyssa A.; Thoder, Joseph (Dec 2007). "De quervain tenosynovitis of the wrist".
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Patel, M. R.; Desai, S. S.; Bassini-Lipson, L.; Namba, T.; Sahoo, J. (Jul 1989). "Painful extensor digitorum brevis manus muscle".
1738: 840:. The increased pressure in the synovial sheath is known to directly or indirectly compress the posterior interosseous nerve of 757: 2348: 2137: 2133: 2060: 924: 2021: 1952: 900: 177: 2476: 1957: 1731: 248:, meaning that their origin has some distance from the part moved. The brachioradialis and the anconeus are considered 2085: 1489:
Ogura, T.; Inoue, H.; Tanabe, G. (Jan 1987). "Anatomic and clinical studies of the extensor digitorum brevis manus".
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Hoffman, J.; Ellison, M. R. (Mar 1987). "Extensor digitorum brevis manus in the nondominant hand of two brothers".
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fibers of the radial nerve branch from the main radial nerve at the level of the radial groove of the
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The extensor carpi ulnaris passes through the sixth compartment to insert to the base of the fifth
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The fifth compartment is occupied by the extensor digiti minimi, the extensor of the little finger.
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The third compartment exclusively accommodates the extensor pollicis longus, which hooks around
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Tan, S. T.; Smith, P. J. (May 1999). "Anomalous extensor muscles of the hand: a review".
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Straus WL (1941) The phylogeny of the human forearm extensors. Hum Biol 13, 23–50.
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Chaudhry, Mohammad; Aminullah, Humna; Sinkler, Margaret A.; Arain, Abdul (2022),
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Region of the forearm containing 12 muscles for extending the wrist and digits
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Ontogenesis of the Skeleton and Intrinsic Muscles of the Human Hand and Foot
887:(gibbons). Also, the extensor pollicis brevis is only present in the genus 1783: 1705: 1661: 1475: 1459: 1362: 1224: 1199: 1160: 1002: 841: 791: 787: 782: 489: 470: 451: 432: 413: 394: 375: 357: 338: 319: 301: 283: 252:
because they both arise within the forearm and they both move the forearm.
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Souter, W. A. (September 1, 1966). "The extensor digitorum brevis manus".
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Outer part of the elbow (lateral epicondyle) where tennis elbow occurs
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Anomalous muscles in human extensor compartment are listed as follow:
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The majority of muscles found in the posterior compartment are
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at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
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Diogo, R.; Abdala, V.; Lonergan, N.; Wood, B. A. (Oct 2008).
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The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
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Yoshida, Y.; Yasutaka, S.; Seki, Y. (August 1984). "".
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which results in pain in the dorsal part of the wrist.
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Atlas of Human Anatomy, 6th Edition | Frank Netter |
1246: 790:or lateral epicondylitis is a chronic or an acute 2468: 1488: 997:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 498: 1402: 823: 1739: 522: 33:Extensor compartment of the forearm and hand 1746: 1732: 1204:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 27: 1651: 1288:. Springer Science & Business Media. 1223: 930:Transverse section across distal ends of 802: 505:Extensor tendon compartments of the wrist 1445: 852:Misdiagnosis of rare anatomical variants 767: 763: 1676:phylogeny, and manipulatory behavior". 2469: 1753: 1577:AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology 1146: 1027: 1727: 1398: 1396: 1281: 748:Extensor pollicis et indicis communis 176:and digits. It is separated from the 1197: 1099: 1097: 1095: 1093: 1083: 1081: 1023: 1021: 1019: 1017: 916: 166:posterior compartment of the forearm 105:compartimentum antebrachii posterius 22:Posterior compartment of the forearm 901:Anterior compartment of the forearm 874: 541:of radius and inserts to the thumb. 13: 1393: 844:. Also, the extra pressure causes 743:Extensor indicis et medii communis 509:Extensor tendons pass through the 473:(as posterior interosseous nerve) 454:(as posterior interosseous nerve) 435:(as posterior interosseous nerve) 416:(as posterior interosseous nerve) 397:(as posterior interosseous nerve) 378:(as posterior interosseous nerve) 341:(as posterior interosseous nerve) 14: 2488: 1090: 1078: 1014: 517:, also referred to compartments. 1636:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00953.x 1347:10.5435/00124635-200712000-00009 1028:Netter, Frank. H. (2014-11-14). 943: 923: 799:on the outer part of the elbow. 707:Extensor digitorum brevis manus 1668: 1611: 1568: 1525: 1482: 1439: 1369: 1326: 1302: 1275: 838:extensor digitorum brevis manus 776: 758:Extensor digitorum brevis manus 753:Extensor carpi radialis tertius 622:Extensor carpi radialis brevis 613:Extensor carpi radialis longus 2134:extensor carpi radialis longus 2061:flexor digitorum superficialis 1240: 1191: 1140: 1054: 982: 970: 950:Transverse section across the 575: 559: 312:extensor carpi radialis brevis 294:extensor carpi radialis longus 1: 1503:10.1016/s0363-5023(87)80171-5 1417:10.1016/s0363-5023(87)80293-9 1118:10.1016/S0363-5023(98)80108-1 963: 724: 72:posterior interosseous artery 1546:10.1016/0363-5023(89)90190-1 641:Extensor digitorum communis 499:Extensor tendon compartments 214:, the lateral epicondyle of 195: 88:posterior interosseous nerve 7: 2344:flexor digiti minimi brevis 1534:The Journal of Hand Surgery 1491:The Journal of Hand Surgery 1448:The Journal of Hand Surgery 1405:The Journal of Hand Surgery 1106:The Journal of Hand Surgery 1062:"Anatomy of the human body" 894: 830:extensor tendon compartment 824:Fourth compartment syndrome 205:There are generally twelve 10: 2493: 2086:flexor digitorum profundus 1149:British Journal of Surgery 806: 780: 698:Extensor indicis proprius 598:Brachioantebrachial group 593:Representatives in humans 502: 200: 2477:Muscles of the upper limb 2431: 2406: 2397: 2364: 2326: 2288: 2279: 2254: 2214: 2163: 2112: 2103: 2069: 2029: 2020: 2005: 1968: 1923: 1895: 1867: 1852: 1819: 1774: 1765: 1589:10.2214/ajr.164.6.7754896 689:Extensor pollicis longus 679:Abductor pollicis longus 670:Extensor pollicis brevis 146: 134: 122: 110: 98: 93: 77: 53: 43: 38: 26: 21: 2311:abductor pollicis brevis 2195:extensor pollicis longus 2190:extensor pollicis brevis 2185:abductor pollicis longus 664:Antebrachiomanual group 444:extensor pollicis brevis 425:extensor pollicis longus 406:abductor pollicis longus 1282:ÄŚihák, RadomĂ­r (1972). 977:lesson5musofpostforearm 834:extensor medii proprius 738:Extensor medii proprius 659:Extensor digiti minimi 650:Extensor carpi ulnaris 64:radial recurrent artery 2349:abductor digiti minimi 2339:opponens digiti minimi 2306:flexor pollicis brevis 2155:extensor carpi ulnaris 2150:extensor digiti minimi 2091:flexor pollicis longus 1460:10.1053/jhsu.1999.0449 1377:"de Quervain Syndrome" 1225:10.1098/rspl.1866.0054 1161:10.1002/bjs.1800530923 1034:. store.elsevier.com. 814:De Quervain's syndrome 809:De Quervain's syndrome 803:De Quervain's syndrome 773: 527: 387:extensor digiti minimi 331:extensor carpi ulnaris 148:Anatomical terminology 49:Musculoskeletal system 2224:bicipital aponeurosis 2051:flexor carpi radialis 771: 764:Clinical significance 526: 224:interosseous membrane 182:interosseous membrane 2418:extensor retinaculum 2056:flexor carpi ulnaris 667:Deep layer (radial) 587:Phylogenetic origin 513:at wrist joint in 6 511:extensor retinaculum 222:and the surrounding 178:anterior compartment 170:extensor compartment 2246:antebrachial fascia 2180:anatomical snuffbox 1991:triangular interval 1948:intermuscular septa 1840:infraspinous fascia 1835:supraspinous fascia 1216:1866RSPS...15..229W 1198:Wood, John (1866). 879:In the superfamily 857:Anatomical variants 686:Deep layer (ulnar) 590:Embryologic origin 264:Extrinsic/Intrinsic 2448:palmar aponeurosis 2443:flexor retinaculum 2423:extensor expansion 2267:osborne's ligament 2145:extensor digitorum 2081:pronator quadratus 1981:quadrangular space 1915:articularis cubiti 1624:Journal of Anatomy 1314:orthoinfo.aaos.org 774: 638:Superficial layer 528: 368:extensor digitorum 2464: 2463: 2460: 2459: 2456: 2455: 2318:adductor pollicis 2301:opponens pollicis 2275: 2274: 2210: 2209: 2099: 2098: 2001: 2000: 1848: 1847: 1684:(12): 2056–2070. 1678:Anatomical Record 917:Additional images 722: 721: 539:Lister's tubercle 496: 495: 250:intrinsic muscles 162: 161: 157: 2484: 2436: 2411: 2404: 2403: 2286: 2285: 2202:extensor indicis 2168: 2117: 2110: 2109: 2074: 2034: 2027: 2026: 2018: 2017: 1986:triangular space 1877:coracobrachialis 1865: 1864: 1772: 1771: 1748: 1741: 1734: 1725: 1724: 1718: 1717: 1690:10.1002/ar.21275 1672: 1666: 1665: 1655: 1615: 1609: 1608: 1583:(6): 1477–1479. 1572: 1566: 1565: 1529: 1523: 1522: 1486: 1480: 1479: 1443: 1437: 1436: 1400: 1391: 1390: 1388: 1387: 1373: 1367: 1366: 1330: 1324: 1323: 1321: 1320: 1306: 1300: 1299: 1279: 1273: 1272: 1249:Kaibogaku Zasshi 1244: 1238: 1237: 1227: 1195: 1189: 1188: 1144: 1138: 1137: 1101: 1088: 1085: 1076: 1075: 1073: 1072: 1058: 1052: 1051: 1049: 1048: 1025: 1012: 1011: 1010: 1009: 986: 980: 974: 947: 927: 875:In other animals 604:Brachioradialis 584: 583: 515:synovial sheaths 463:extensor indicis 255: 254: 233:, flexor of the 154:edit on Wikidata 151: 68:profunda brachii 31: 19: 18: 2492: 2491: 2487: 2486: 2485: 2483: 2482: 2481: 2467: 2466: 2465: 2452: 2432: 2427: 2407: 2393: 2360: 2356:palmaris brevis 2322: 2271: 2250: 2206: 2164: 2159: 2129:brachioradialis 2113: 2095: 2070: 2065: 2046:palmaris longus 2030: 2009: 1997: 1964: 1943:brachial fascia 1938:axillary fascia 1933:axillary sheath 1919: 1905:triceps brachii 1891: 1856: 1844: 1815: 1761: 1752: 1722: 1721: 1673: 1669: 1616: 1612: 1573: 1569: 1530: 1526: 1487: 1483: 1444: 1440: 1401: 1394: 1385: 1383: 1375: 1374: 1370: 1341:(12): 757–764. 1331: 1327: 1318: 1316: 1308: 1307: 1303: 1296: 1280: 1276: 1245: 1241: 1196: 1192: 1145: 1141: 1102: 1091: 1086: 1079: 1070: 1068: 1060: 1059: 1055: 1046: 1044: 1042: 1026: 1015: 1007: 1005: 987: 983: 975: 971: 966: 959: 948: 939: 928: 919: 897: 877: 854: 826: 811: 805: 785: 779: 766: 727: 578: 562: 553:metacarpal bone 507: 501: 276:brachioradialis 231:brachioradialis 203: 198: 158: 34: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2490: 2480: 2479: 2462: 2461: 2458: 2457: 2454: 2453: 2451: 2450: 2445: 2439: 2437: 2429: 2428: 2426: 2425: 2420: 2414: 2412: 2401: 2395: 2394: 2392: 2391: 2390: 2389: 2384: 2374: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2361: 2359: 2358: 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Retrieved 1381:Handcare.org 1380: 1371: 1338: 1334: 1328: 1317:. Retrieved 1313: 1304: 1284: 1277: 1252: 1248: 1242: 1207: 1203: 1193: 1152: 1148: 1142: 1109: 1105: 1069:. Retrieved 1065: 1056: 1045:. Retrieved 1030: 1006:, retrieved 994: 984: 972: 878: 855: 842:radial nerve 827: 812: 792:inflammation 788:Tennis elbow 786: 783:Tennis elbow 777:Tennis elbow 732: 728: 579: 563: 519: 508: 490:radial nerve 471:radial nerve 452:radial nerve 433:radial nerve 414:radial nerve 395:radial nerve 383:intermediate 376:radial nerve 364:intermediate 358:radial nerve 339:radial nerve 320:radial nerve 302:radial nerve 284:radial nerve 267:Innervation 243: 228: 204: 184:between the 169: 165: 163: 117:A04.6.01.007 104: 84:Radial nerve 1811:teres major 1799:teres minor 1210:: 229–244. 1066:archive.org 576:Development 566:somatomotor 560:Innervation 346:superficial 327:superficial 308:superficial 290:superficial 272:superficial 94:Identifiers 2409:posterior: 2377:interossei 2334:hypothenar 2124:mobile wad 1887:brachialis 1386:2015-06-16 1319:2015-06-16 1071:2015-06-16 1047:2015-06-16 1008:2022-11-27 995:StatPearls 964:References 911:Upper limb 881:hominoidea 797:tenderness 725:Variations 631:Supinator 486:intrinsic 467:extrinsic 448:extrinsic 429:extrinsic 410:extrinsic 391:extrinsic 372:extrinsic 354:intrinsic 335:extrinsic 316:extrinsic 298:extrinsic 280:intrinsic 2434:anterior: 2372:lumbrical 2175:supinator 2105:posterior 1897:posterior 1698:1932-8494 1644:1469-7580 1597:0361-803X 1554:0363-5023 1511:0363-5023 1468:0363-5023 1425:0363-5023 1355:1067-151X 1261:0022-7722 1234:0370-1662 1169:1365-2168 1126:0363-5023 885:hylobates 846:synovitis 482:supinator 246:extrinsic 196:Structure 2471:Category 2234:extensor 2022:anterior 1910:anconeus 1869:anterior 1767:Shoulder 1714:12648729 1706:21082733 1662:18657257 1476:10357521 1363:18063716 1185:42145116 1003:30969606 895:See also 861:ganglion 350:anconeus 239:anconeus 2007:Forearm 1953:lateral 1779:deltoid 1757:of the 1755:Muscles 1653:2644766 1605:7754896 1562:2754202 1519:3805622 1433:3559091 1269:6524291 1212:Bibcode 1177:5911774 1134:9523974 906:Forearm 836:or the 570:humerus 545:finger. 216:humerus 207:muscles 201:Muscles 180:by the 39:Details 2399:fascia 2387:palmar 2382:dorsal 2296:thenar 2239:flexor 2216:fascia 2138:brevis 1976:spaces 1958:medial 1925:fascia 1882:biceps 1821:fascia 1712:  1704:  1696:  1660:  1650:  1642:  1603:  1595:  1560:  1552:  1517:  1509:  1474:  1466:  1431:  1423:  1361:  1353:  1292:  1267:  1259:  1232:  1183:  1175:  1167:  1132:  1124:  1038:  1001:  956:digits 932:radius 869:tumour 261:Muscle 186:radius 55:Artery 45:System 2255:other 2166:deep: 2072:deep: 1969:other 1710:S2CID 1181:S2CID 952:wrist 258:Level 235:elbow 212:elbow 174:wrist 152:[ 141:38411 100:Latin 79:Nerve 2281:Hand 2136:and 1702:PMID 1694:ISSN 1658:PMID 1640:ISSN 1601:PMID 1593:ISSN 1558:PMID 1550:ISSN 1515:PMID 1507:ISSN 1472:PMID 1464:ISSN 1429:PMID 1421:ISSN 1359:PMID 1351:ISSN 1290:ISBN 1265:PMID 1257:ISSN 1230:ISSN 1173:PMID 1165:ISSN 1130:PMID 1122:ISSN 1036:ISBN 999:PMID 954:and 936:ulna 934:and 889:homo 865:cyst 478:deep 459:deep 440:deep 421:deep 402:deep 229:The 220:ulna 190:ulna 188:and 168:(or 164:The 129:2494 112:TA98 1854:Arm 1759:arm 1686:doi 1682:293 1648:PMC 1632:doi 1628:213 1585:doi 1581:164 1542:doi 1499:doi 1456:doi 1413:doi 1343:doi 1220:doi 1157:doi 1114:doi 867:or 136:FMA 124:TA2 2473:: 1708:. 1700:. 1692:. 1680:. 1656:. 1646:. 1638:. 1626:. 1622:. 1599:. 1591:. 1579:. 1556:. 1548:. 1538:14 1536:. 1513:. 1505:. 1495:12 1493:. 1470:. 1462:. 1452:24 1450:. 1427:. 1419:. 1409:12 1407:. 1395:^ 1379:. 1357:. 1349:. 1339:15 1337:. 1312:. 1263:. 1253:59 1251:. 1228:. 1218:. 1208:15 1206:. 1202:. 1179:. 1171:. 1163:. 1153:53 1151:. 1128:. 1120:. 1110:23 1108:. 1092:^ 1080:^ 1064:. 1016:^ 993:, 871:. 863:, 718:- 715:- 572:. 226:. 192:. 86:, 70:, 66:, 62:, 2014:) 2010:( 1861:) 1857:( 1823:: 1747:e 1740:t 1733:v 1716:. 1688:: 1664:. 1634:: 1607:. 1587:: 1564:. 1544:: 1521:. 1501:: 1478:. 1458:: 1435:. 1415:: 1389:. 1365:. 1345:: 1322:. 1298:. 1271:. 1236:. 1222:: 1214:: 1187:. 1159:: 1136:. 1116:: 1074:. 1050:. 958:. 938:. 555:. 156:]

Index


System
Artery
Radial artery
radial recurrent artery
profunda brachii
posterior interosseous artery
Nerve
Radial nerve
posterior interosseous nerve
Latin
TA98
A04.6.01.007
TA2
2494
FMA
38411
Anatomical terminology
edit on Wikidata
wrist
anterior compartment
interosseous membrane
radius
ulna
muscles
elbow
humerus
ulna
interosseous membrane
brachioradialis

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