895:
1379:
940:
243:
273:
1422:
38:
924:
993:
258:
1696:
1996:
1332:
1318:
1681:
910:
971:
1304:
956:
7326:
1346:
1398:
1365:
2105:"As the eighteenth century unfolded, military garrisons and soldiers superseded the missions as the lynchpins of Spain's efforts to stabilize the frontier. With the new approach came new forms of coercion. The word “presidio” captures the dual purpose of garrison and prison." Reséndez, Andrés. The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America (p. 205). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Kindle Edition.
1893:
1019:
1527:
2096:"Spanish policymakers also decided to set up a line of presidios stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific. This presidial line was very close to today's international border between Mexico and the United States." Reséndez, Andrés. The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America (p. 198). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Kindle Edition.
133:
would be established a short distance outside a presidio. This was a tract of land assigned to the presidio to furnish pasturage to the horses and other beasts of burden of the garrison. Mexico called this facility "rancho nacional". Presidios were only accessible to
Spanish military and soldiers.
291:
Few presidios were established in the present-day desert frontier regions in northern Mexico to control and confine the existing rebellious indigenous tribes. Captured indigenous warriors were confined and enslaved at the presidio. Presidios was used to protect the colonial silver ship from
2072:"Ranchos of California: Extracts from: Grants of land in California made by Spanish or Mexican authorities, by Cris Perez Boundary Determination Office State Lands Commission Boundary Investigation Unit August 23, 1982. Berkeley Library website"
465:
441:
1985:
1590:
2015:
475:
489:
784:
1940:
506:
517:
102:
Later in western North
America, with independence, the Mexicans garrisoned the Spanish presidios on the northern frontier and followed the same pattern in unsettled frontier regions such as the
430:
554:
451:
2795:
939:
1905:
1896:
6720:
930:
688:
543:
915:
358:
894:
615:
720:
419:
5269:
401:
607:
923:
2271:
1378:
4399:
347:
2025:
3408:
4419:
3334:
2805:
1416:
992:
5337:
2889:
1822:, abandoned when Spanish regained Pensacola Bay area from French in 1722, Spanish relocated to Presidio Isla Santa Rosa Punta de Siguenza (see below)
242:
901:
977:
667:
4884:
4379:
2597:
2390:
1097:
are listed here in geographical sequence, from West to East, and including neither Spain's
Atlantic settlements in the Moroccan far South (e.g.
375:
834:
816:
5342:
4429:
2894:
2698:
1680:
1013:
184:
2711:
4034:
3392:
2721:
2643:
2774:
7356:
2716:
2706:
2264:
2726:
2653:
5381:
712:
2071:
5433:
5249:
4353:
3031:
2800:
272:
4333:
2810:
6536:
2257:
3471:
5107:
3218:
2993:
2693:
2129:
4069:
3938:
3565:
3561:
5202:
5197:
4565:
3971:
3614:
3067:
2145:
1811:
The
Presidio San Marcos de Apalachee, founded in 1718 at the existing port of San Marcos, which developed into the town of
1695:
1636:
408:
7130:
6825:
5264:
4384:
2831:
2754:
1761:
3253:
1309:
1135:
5031:
4348:
4284:
4006:
3986:
3461:
3193:
3156:
1975:
774:
96:
5396:
4500:
6945:
6730:
5097:
5006:
4404:
3948:
3501:
3131:
257:
5297:
3981:
3465:
3243:
2998:
2877:
2759:
2633:
1603:
1559:
1549:
1530:
1050:
in 1415. The establishment of
Spanish military outposts on the North African coast echoed earlier endeavors by the
4673:
4608:
2485:
1955:
7155:
5234:
5026:
4813:
4613:
4162:
4097:
3683:
3585:
2769:
2738:
2673:
2658:
2613:
2525:
1074:
between 1580 and 1640, the
Spanish Crown gained Ceuta and the Portuguese outposts on the Atlantic Coast, such as
532:
5152:
4668:
4112:
3996:
1098:
725:
7351:
5254:
5192:
4991:
4409:
4122:
4102:
4074:
3991:
3966:
3826:
3634:
3541:
3481:
3448:
2947:
2683:
2663:
2628:
2415:
5217:
5046:
4803:
1345:
5369:
5347:
5302:
5244:
5222:
5036:
4808:
4490:
4279:
4264:
3349:
3213:
3166:
2826:
2733:
2648:
2618:
2470:
2335:
2280:
1926:
1922:
1790:
1539:
293:
192:
4598:
2983:
970:
60:
between the 16th and 18th centuries in areas under their control or influence. The term is derived from the
6378:
5916:
5426:
5239:
5207:
4738:
4603:
4039:
3419:
3228:
3024:
2988:
2915:
2678:
2668:
2430:
2146:"San Felipe de Gracia Real de Terrenate – Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)"
510:
5227:
4560:
6715:
5796:
5212:
5112:
4743:
4195:
4127:
3096:
2623:
2545:
1798:
909:
351:
4663:
4570:
1801:; captured by French in 1719, Spanish relocated to Presidio Bahía San José de Nueva Asturias (see below)
6311:
5147:
4510:
4157:
4044:
3956:
3928:
3555:
3525:
3330:
3161:
2688:
2638:
1836:, ceded to Great Britain in 1763, regained 20 years later, and transferred to the United States in 1821
1826:
1815:, ceded to Great Britain in 1763, regained 20 years later, and transferred to the United States in 1821
1611:
1579:
1331:
1039:
4530:
4485:
848:
6760:
5066:
5016:
4874:
4773:
4269:
4142:
4107:
4059:
3961:
3573:
3457:
3146:
3116:
3111:
2952:
2581:
2515:
1829:, destroyed by a hurricane in 1755, Spanish relocated to Presidio San Miguel de Panzacola (see below)
1651:
1647:
1632:
31:
17:
6385:
3691:
2495:
2249:
1421:
7257:
6335:
5011:
4894:
4854:
4793:
4788:
4728:
4147:
4137:
3923:
3626:
3537:
3238:
2957:
1725:
1451:
802:
412:
87:, the presidios were outposts of the Christian defense against Islamic raids. In the Americas, the
5391:
4470:
3703:
3223:
469:
7304:
7079:
6785:
6780:
6700:
6497:
6444:
6414:
6171:
6101:
6045:
5622:
5419:
5061:
4919:
4763:
4703:
4653:
4555:
4152:
4117:
4064:
3699:
3569:
3533:
3263:
3136:
3121:
3017:
2505:
2395:
1496:
1317:
1087:
1059:
4254:
2847:
1397:
1303:
7329:
7145:
6735:
6632:
6517:
5701:
5352:
4924:
4859:
4363:
4249:
4132:
4092:
3736:
3529:
3188:
3178:
2480:
2465:
1909:
1721:
1687:
558:
37:
4495:
1625:
955:
7282:
7120:
6902:
6655:
6392:
6215:
5544:
4798:
4208:
4029:
3918:
3857:
3785:
3695:
3396:
3076:
2942:
2500:
1736:
1701:
1621:
1569:
1403:
1189:
866:
692:
572:
111:
5332:
4733:
4520:
4480:
4439:
3413:
2764:
445:
7267:
6795:
6421:
6220:
6186:
5586:
5468:
5307:
4976:
4939:
4929:
4869:
4768:
4748:
4643:
4455:
4274:
3151:
3141:
2510:
2420:
2305:
2020:
1948:
1819:
1615:
1022:
170:
4833:
4623:
4545:
1999:
1965:
883:
The
Presidio de Sacramento y Real de Minas de Ojocaliente de Bastidas, founded in 1620 in
525:
362:
8:
7084:
6820:
6176:
5554:
5376:
5132:
5117:
5001:
4981:
4934:
4914:
4718:
4713:
4658:
4628:
4394:
4019:
3976:
3933:
3862:
3831:
3602:
3581:
3547:
3453:
3423:
3354:
3198:
3171:
3071:
2935:
2475:
2445:
2325:
2075:
1881:
1859:
1747:
1573:
1293:
1289:
1043:
536:
426:. Replaced by flying squadron operating from the Post of Valle de San Bartolomé (1710–?).
383:
208:
5122:
4823:
2122:
Landscapes of Fraud: Mission Tumacácori, the Baca Float, and the
Betrayal of the O'odham
1832:
The
Presidio San Miguel de Panzacola, founded in 1755, which developed into the city of
706:
619:
600:
579:
7206:
6815:
6790:
6775:
6770:
6620:
6600:
6397:
5958:
5825:
5569:
5137:
5127:
5102:
5056:
5021:
4879:
4588:
4465:
4338:
3836:
3816:
3476:
3364:
3091:
2930:
2360:
2295:
2200:
2192:
1833:
1812:
1666:
1662:
1563:
1102:
982:
962:
946:
672:
483:
180:
155:
107:
103:
4460:
4389:
2385:
547:
493:
41:
7262:
7221:
7196:
7069:
6750:
6590:
6437:
6023:
5901:
5579:
5522:
5317:
5259:
5092:
4864:
4838:
4828:
4818:
4753:
4708:
4638:
4618:
4593:
4540:
4515:
3780:
3307:
3248:
3203:
3062:
2967:
2884:
2857:
2365:
2340:
2300:
2204:
2125:
1863:
1655:
1485:
1255:
1141:
1063:
1051:
796:
586:
423:
176:
3338:
1364:
7236:
7211:
7140:
7064:
6665:
6660:
6595:
6146:
5950:
5529:
4949:
4944:
4909:
4889:
4648:
4525:
4424:
4328:
3790:
3630:
2560:
2520:
2184:
2175:
Childers, Ronald Wayne (2004). "The
Presidio System in Spanish Florida 1565–1763".
1944:
1640:
1583:
1489:
434:
394:
390:
5327:
3359:
1995:
1929:, destroyed by Native Americans in 1576, re-established in 1577, abandoned in 1587
1337:
1165:
7125:
6977:
6950:
6890:
6860:
6745:
6710:
6690:
6675:
6230:
6225:
6193:
5954:
5896:
5884:
5866:
5733:
5714:
5640:
5617:
5392:
Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others)
5142:
5082:
4996:
4904:
4778:
4758:
4723:
4505:
4475:
4414:
4024:
4014:
3910:
3795:
3687:
3644:
3404:
3312:
3183:
2925:
2550:
2345:
2320:
1989:
1607:
1553:
1281:
1109:
737:
660:
143:
5051:
2440:
7294:
7289:
6955:
6940:
6875:
6865:
6740:
6725:
6625:
6615:
6580:
6454:
6247:
5944:
5911:
5875:
5691:
5549:
5513:
4986:
4899:
4783:
4535:
4358:
4343:
4244:
4218:
4203:
4084:
3679:
3673:
3577:
3344:
3258:
3208:
3086:
3040:
2920:
2565:
2535:
2016:
Lists of Spanish colonial missions of the Roman Catholic Church in the Americas
1805:
1794:
1754:
1543:
1506:
1492:, the current structure is the oldest in the country laid down around 1628–1630
1472:
1067:
829:
The Presidio de Espíritu Santo de Guadalajara (1532–1533) near the present-day
731:
379:
159:
57:
3491:
1728:
in 1763, regained 20 years later, and transferred to the United States in 1821
1046:, as the Portuguese had done several generations earlier with the conquest of
7345:
7299:
7252:
7160:
7150:
7104:
7074:
7059:
7028:
7009:
6870:
6810:
6765:
6680:
6639:
6449:
6082:
6077:
5810:
5773:
5758:
5709:
5654:
5633:
5442:
4550:
3400:
3317:
3126:
2852:
2460:
2455:
2003:
1979:
1969:
1732:
1720:
The Presidio San Augustin, founded in 1565, which developed into the city of
1670:
1440:
1389:
1071:
877:
778:
750:
233:
88:
80:
830:
7277:
7135:
7099:
7054:
7038:
6966:
6919:
6895:
6885:
6880:
6695:
6512:
6373:
6340:
6205:
6141:
6116:
6028:
6002:
5970:
5964:
5906:
5845:
5815:
5663:
5322:
5312:
5041:
4580:
4434:
4259:
3775:
3551:
3233:
3081:
2490:
279:
264:
249:
203:
4633:
7176:
7033:
7002:
6984:
6972:
6914:
6909:
6850:
6845:
6805:
6705:
6670:
6566:
6469:
6240:
6210:
6200:
6106:
5995:
5612:
5559:
4223:
4049:
3618:
3496:
2435:
2375:
2046:"presidio — Diccionario de la lengua española, Edición del Tricentenario"
1959:
1500:
1455:
1370:
1356:
1225:
1195:
1034:
1029:
884:
855:
84:
5803:
4213:
2196:
652:
The Presidio Ojuelos, founded in 1570, which developed into the city of
179:
were acquired by Spain following the latter's demise, by treaty between
7201:
7021:
6993:
6924:
6800:
6755:
6685:
6605:
6502:
6407:
6347:
6306:
6284:
6235:
6181:
6131:
6126:
6111:
6070:
6018:
5976:
5921:
5763:
5679:
5087:
3821:
3101:
2410:
2370:
2350:
2188:
1743:
1468:
1444:
1083:
763:
301:
7181:
5726:
2450:
2223:
Spanish Presidios of the Late Eighteenth Century in Northern New Spain
749:
The Presidio de Santiago de Los Valles de Oxitipa, founded in 1533 in
633:
195:, when they came under Austrian ownership, and were administered from
6610:
6541:
6368:
6363:
6296:
5937:
5850:
5780:
5738:
5564:
5534:
5495:
5461:
4054:
3811:
3711:
3486:
3388:
3322:
2330:
2279:
1877:
1786:, founded in 1567 on the site of what is now Miami, abandoned in 1568
1776:
1510:
1079:
999:
841:
823:
592:
The Presidio de la Purisíma Concepción de Zalaya, founded in 1570 in
521:
297:
228:
223:
213:
2315:
7094:
7089:
7014:
6855:
6573:
6548:
6531:
6402:
6330:
6323:
6166:
6054:
5928:
5748:
5743:
5719:
5647:
5627:
5607:
5574:
4228:
3106:
2872:
2862:
2310:
1825:
The Presidio Isla Santa Rosa Punta de Siguenza, founded in 1722 on
1783:
1772:
1624:, founded in 1769 in San Diego, its rancho del rey was what became
1425:
Map of the Presidios built in the Philippines during the 1600s, in
329:
318:
218:
1818:
The Presidio Bahía San José de Nueva Asturias, founded in 1719 on
7226:
7191:
7186:
6524:
6507:
6492:
6476:
6428:
6356:
6301:
6291:
6259:
6161:
6136:
6121:
5891:
5835:
5753:
5600:
5593:
5539:
5411:
5386:
5357:
3867:
3852:
3009:
2867:
2540:
2425:
2405:
1892:
1323:
1215:
1181:
1159:
1153:
1123:
1075:
792:
653:
115:
2045:
7231:
6585:
6151:
6089:
6033:
6011:
5988:
5981:
5857:
5840:
5672:
5504:
5486:
5456:
4323:
3877:
3872:
3649:
2962:
2400:
2380:
1765:
1385:
1271:
1261:
1245:
1205:
1147:
1055:
876:
The Presidio de San Pedro de Chalchihuites, founded in 1591 in
788:
593:
196:
92:
1804:
The Presidio Bahía San José de Valladares, founded in 1701 on
1018:
762:
The Presidio de San Pedro de la Conquista, founded in 1726 in
705:
The Presidio de San Juan Bautista del Río, founded in 1531 in
7272:
7216:
6960:
6485:
6316:
6156:
5477:
5364:
3638:
3302:
2899:
2555:
2530:
2355:
2242:
Williams, J. S. "Appendix: Presidios of Northern New Spain".
1852:
1235:
1129:
1047:
949:
town hall, that was the Presidio de San Pedro de la Conquista
716:
659:
The Presidio de Santa María de los Lagos, founded in 1563 in
646:
61:
6254:
6096:
6063:
6038:
5830:
5820:
5789:
5768:
3707:
3622:
1526:
1175:
585:
The Presidio de Santa Fe de Guanaxuato, founded in 1576 in
3600:
847:
The Presidio de Jerez de la Frontera, founded in 1570 in
571:
The Presidio de San Miguel el Grande, founded in 1542 in
466:
Presidio del Santísimo Sacramento del Valle de Santa Rosa
1731:
The Presidio San Mateo, founded in 1565 on the ruins of
442:
Presidio de Nuestra Señora de las Caldas de Guajoquilla
1760:
The Presidio San Antonio de Padua, founded in 1566 at
1606:, founded in 1770. Its rancho del rey was what became
854:
The Presidio Palmillas (1570–?), near the present-day
3355:
Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France
1639:
in San Francisco. Its rancho del rey was what became
378:(1683–1773), at Ciudad Juárez, across the river from
2026:
Spanish colonial pueblos and villas in North America
328:The Presidio de Ciénega Grande, founded in 1570 in
1943:, founded in 1734 and re-established in 1771 near
1417:Spanish colonial fortifications in the Philippines
632:The Presidio de San Francisco, founded in 1522 in
2215:
187:on 3 July 1557, to form what became known as the
7343:
2237:The Presidio: Bastion of the Spanish Borderlands
1988:, founded in 1760 just southwest of present-day
1986:Presidio de la Junta de los Ríos Norte y Conchos
1739:, recaptured and destroyed by the French in 1568
1469:Presidio de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza
5683:
3899:
1978:San Saba, founded in 1772 near the present-day
1855:, founded in 1566, abandoned three months later
1753:The Presidio Santa Lucia, founded in 1565 near
1591:Presidio San Felipe de Gracia Real de Terrenate
6245:
6191:
6009:
5855:
1878:Presidio Nuestra Señora del Pilar de los Adaes
1779:, destroyed by the Tocobagas within ten months
1086:; but of these, it only retained Ceuta by the
861:The Presidio Malpaso, founded reconverting an
840:The Presidio de Fresnillo, founded in 1554 in
6900:
6630:
6459:
6435:
6052:
6043:
6000:
5724:
5520:
5511:
5427:
3544:, a northernmost portion of Brazilian Amazon)
3025:
2265:
2239:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1975.
1242:), 1573–1574 (protectorate from 1535 to 1569)
1014:European enclaves in North Africa before 1830
1002:city hall, that was the Presidio de Fresnillo
815:The Presidio Tlaltenango, founded in 1530 in
7019:
7000:
6991:
6982:
6571:
6546:
6522:
6483:
6474:
6426:
6412:
6383:
6354:
6345:
6321:
6282:
6087:
6068:
5986:
5935:
5926:
5882:
5873:
5864:
5801:
5787:
5778:
5661:
5638:
3219:Independence of Spanish continental Americas
2225:. Santa Fe, NM: Museum of New Mexico Press.
1686:Interior of the reconstructed chapel of the
822:The Presidio Xuchipilan, founded in 1530 in
376:Presidio de El Paso del Río Grande del Norte
5670:
5652:
5598:
5584:
5502:
5493:
5484:
5475:
5466:
2124:. University of Arizona Press. p. 29.
1968:, founded in 1721, near Lavaca Bay, now in
1101:) nor outposts gained after 1830 (e.g. the
5434:
5420:
3032:
3018:
2272:
2258:
2232:. Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1997.
2170:
2168:
2166:
2115:
2113:
2111:
391:Presidio de San Felipe y Santiago de Janos
185:Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
56:) was a fortified base established by the
5338:Colonial universities in Hispanic America
2890:Colonial universities in Hispanic America
902:Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó
666:El Fuerte de la Isla, founded in 1817 in
599:The Presidio de León, founded in 1576 in
578:The Presidio de León, founded in 1576 in
490:Presidio San Antonio Bucareli de la Babia
476:Presidio San Juan Bautista del Río Grande
5343:Colonial universities in the Philippines
2895:Colonial universities in the Philippines
2281:Spanish / Hispanic Colonial architecture
2174:
2119:
1994:
1941:Presidio Fuerte de Santa Cruz del Cibolo
1891:
1525:
1420:
1017:
736:The Presidio Jalpan, founded in 1751 in
507:Presidio de Santa Catalina de Tepehuanes
175:Several fortresses formerly held by the
36:
4334:Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia
2163:
2108:
1880:, founded in 1721 near the present-day
1669:. Its rancho nacional was what became
1604:Presidio Real de San Carlos de Monterey
1582:, founded in 1776 near the present-day
1572:, founded in 1837 near the present-day
1562:, founded in 1775 near the present-day
719:with Spanish Royal Writ to protect the
404:(1686), was relocated to Janos in 1691.
91:were built to protect against raids by
14:
7344:
5287:
1654:. Its rancho del rey was what became
1635:, founded in 1776 and now part of the
785:Presidio de Santa Rosa de Corodéguachi
340:
5415:
5286:
5182:
5181:
4305:
4183:
3898:
3757:
3725:
3662:
3599:
3514:
3437:
3377:
3291:
3280:
3052:
3051:
3013:
2253:
1497:Presidio (Fort) de San Pedro (Iloilo)
431:Presidio de San Carlos de Cerro Gordo
422:(?–1710), located 20 km east of
44:, both Arab and Spanish fortification
3615:Captaincy General of the Philippines
3107:New Laws in favour of the indigenous
1637:Golden Gate National Recreation Area
555:Presidio de San Miguel de Cerrogordo
452:Presidio de San Fernando de Carrizal
409:Presidio de San Francisco de Conchos
382:. Later relocated south in 1773 to
313:The Presidio de las Bocas and later
248:Forte Filippo (Philip II Fortress),
191:. They were held by Spain until the
6826:Weapons Storage and Security System
5318:Indochristian painting in New Spain
3438:
2755:Baroque Churches of the Philippines
2120:Sheridan, Thomas E. (26 May 2016).
1951:, (between San Antonio and Goliad).
323:hacienda de Santa María de Gallardo
24:
7357:Spanish forts in the United States
5441:
4285:Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires
3758:
3039:
2984:California Churrigueresque Revival
1976:Presidio San Luis de las Amarillas
1054:in the 12th century (and again in
1032:and the completion of the Spanish
775:Presidio Santa Gertrudis del Altar
743:
25:
7368:
3515:
3378:
3259:Independence of Equatorial Guinea
1966:Presidio Nuestra Señora de Loreto
1915:
1288:), 1510–1530 then granted to the
931:Presidio San Gregorio de Cerralvo
768:former Hermosillo Townhall museum
689:Presidio San Gregorio de Cerralvo
518:Concepción del Pasaje de Cuencamé
315:Presidio de las Bocas de Gallardo
307:
292:rebellious raids from Indians in
7325:
7324:
5370:Criollos in the colonial society
5298:Spanish missions in the Americas
4420:Charles Bonaventure de Longueval
2878:Haciendas in the Valley of Ameca
1906:Presidio Santa Cruz de la Cañada
1897:Presidio Santa Cruz de la Cañada
1694:
1679:
1560:Presidio Santa Cruz de Terrenate
1550:Presidio San Augustin del Tucson
1531:Presidio Santa Cruz de Terrenate
1516:
1454:, founded in 1609 in San Roque,
1396:
1377:
1363:
1344:
1330:
1316:
1302:
1132:, acquired from Portugal in 1668
991:
969:
954:
938:
922:
908:
893:
271:
256:
241:
5397:Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649
3281:
2770:Mendicant monasteries in Mexico
1665:, founded by Mexico in 1836 in
1452:Presidio de San Felipe (Cavite)
1429:by Rene Javellana, S. J. (1997)
1070:of 1270). During the period of
1007:
533:Presidio de San Pedro del Gallo
3726:
3449:Captaincy General of Guatemala
3157:Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)
2216:References and further reading
2138:
2099:
2090:
2064:
2038:
1648:Presidio Real de Santa Bárbara
1633:Presidio Real de San Francisco
1610:. It is currently housing the
1410:
933:reconverted into the town hall
544:Presidio de Santiago de Mapimí
13:
1:
6721:British "hedgehog" road block
5348:General Archive of the Indies
4609:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
4280:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
4265:Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas
3214:Third Treaty of San Ildefonso
3167:War of the Spanish Succession
3132:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
2827:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
1956:Presidio San Antonio de Béxar
1887:
1791:Presidio Santa Maria de Galve
1757:, abandoned four months later
1596:
1540:Presidio San Ignacio de Tubac
681:
565:
332:. Today reconverted into the
321:. Today reconverted into the
294:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
193:War of the Spanish Succession
95:, rival colonial powers, and
4306:
3420:Captaincy General of Yucatan
3350:Union with Holy Roman Empire
3329:Southern Italy (Kingdoms of
3244:German–Spanish Treaty (1899)
1870:
1808:, captured by French in 1718
1507:Presidio de San Pedro (Cebu)
1099:Santa Cruz de la Mar Pequeña
1042:took their fight across the
809:
787:, founded in 1692, near the
699:
511:Santa Catarina de Tepehuanes
368:
304:, starting new settlements.
121:In western North America, a
7:
7131:Cities with defensive walls
6716:Defensive fighting position
6631:
6436:
6246:
6192:
6053:
6044:
6010:
6001:
5856:
4184:
3900:Administrative subdivisions
3097:War of the League of Cognac
2009:
1799:Naval Air Station Pensacola
1750:, abandoned after one month
1461:
1136:Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera
458:
352:Loreto, Baja California Sur
10:
7373:
4614:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
4599:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
4501:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
3663:
3399:), Western United States (
3292:
3162:Portuguese Restoration War
1840:
1709:
1622:Presidio Real de San Diego
1612:Defense Language Institute
1580:Presidio de San Bernardino
1521:
1478:
1414:
1278:), 1521–1523 and 1551–1560
1172:), 1505–1708 and 1732–1792
1138:, 1508–1522 and since 1564
1093:The Spanish North African
1011:
916:Presidio San José del Cabo
871:former hacienda de Malpaso
795:border and later moved to
639:
626:
616:Diego Fernández de Córdoba
499:
359:Presidio San José del Cabo
168:
153:
29:
7315:
7245:
7169:
7113:
7047:
6933:
6838:
6761:Hardened aircraft shelter
6736:Entry control point (ECP)
6648:
6559:
6275:
6268:
5700:
5449:
5382:Slavery in Spanish Empire
5293:
5282:
5188:
5177:
5075:
4969:
4962:
4847:
4696:
4689:
4682:
4669:Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor
4579:
4448:
4410:Álvaro de Bazán the Elder
4372:
4316:
4312:
4301:
4270:Barcelona Trading Company
4237:
4194:
4190:
4179:
4083:
4035:New Andalusia (1501–1513)
4005:
3947:
3909:
3905:
3894:
3845:
3804:
3768:
3764:
3753:
3732:
3669:
3610:
3542:Venezuela, part of Guyana
3521:
3444:
3395:, Central United States (
3384:
3298:
3287:
3276:
3127:Bruneian–Spanish conflict
3112:Expulsion of the Moriscos
3058:
3047:
2976:
2908:
2840:
2819:
2796:Caribbean coast of Panama
2783:
2747:
2606:
2590:
2574:
2288:
1746:, founded in 1565 on the
1178:, 1509–1708 and 1732–1792
756:
715:, founded in 1566 by the
478:, founded around 1703 in
420:Presidio de San Bartolomé
402:Presidio de Casas Grandes
286:
137:
32:Presidio (disambiguation)
7258:Continuity of government
5323:Quito painting tradition
5313:Cusco painting tradition
4674:García López de Cárdenas
4664:Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera
4571:Felipe González de Ahedo
4491:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
3068:Conquest of the Americas
2994:Spanish Colonial Revival
2748:Churches and monasteries
2582:List of Spanish missions
2289:Notable historic centers
2031:
1933:
1793:, founded in 1696, near
1433:
803:San Miguel de Horcasitas
413:San Francisco de Conchos
164:
149:
7080:Motte-and-bailey castle
6786:Missile launch facility
6781:Main line of resistance
5476:
5108:Comuneros (New Granada)
4885:Balearic Islands (1558)
4604:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
4531:Ruy López de Villalobos
4486:Miguel López de Legazpi
4400:García de Toledo Osorio
3264:Western Sahara conflict
3254:Independence of Morocco
3194:Treaty of Madrid (1750)
3137:Piracy in the Caribbean
3122:French Wars of Religion
2506:Santa Cruz de la Sierra
2228:Javellana, Rene, S. J.
2221:Gerald, Rex E. (1968).
1860:San Pedro de Tacatacuru
1088:Treaty of Lisbon (1668)
1060:Frederick III of Sicily
849:Jerez de García Salinas
348:Real Presidio de Loreto
334:hacienda Ciénega Grande
189:Estado de los Presidios
7156:Military installations
7020:
7001:
6992:
6983:
6901:
6572:
6547:
6523:
6513:Scarp and Counterscarp
6484:
6475:
6460:
6427:
6413:
6384:
6355:
6346:
6322:
6283:
6088:
6069:
5987:
5936:
5927:
5883:
5874:
5865:
5802:
5788:
5779:
5725:
5684:
5671:
5662:
5653:
5639:
5599:
5585:
5521:
5512:
5503:
5494:
5485:
5467:
5353:Colonial Spanish Horse
5027:Colonia del Sacramento
4250:Spanish treasure fleet
3827:Royal Decree of Graces
2244:Historical Archaeology
2177:Historical Archaeology
2006:
1900:
1688:Santa Barbara Presidio
1534:
1430:
1118:San Miguel de Ultramar
1025:
618:, now the present-day
608:Hacienda San Cristóbal
482:, now the present-day
45:
7352:Architecture in Spain
6925:Floating water castle
6656:Admiralty scaffolding
5949:Fortified buildings (
4511:Vasco Núñez de Balboa
4471:Juan Sebastián Elcano
3786:Council of the Indies
3147:Spanish–Moro conflict
3117:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
3077:Treaty of Tordesillas
2977:Modern Revival styles
2501:San Miguel de Allende
1998:
1958:, founded in 1718 in
1925:, founded in 1566 on
1895:
1862:, founded in 1569 on
1775:, founded in 1567 on
1702:Presidio of San Diego
1650:, founded in 1782 in
1570:Presidio de Calabasas
1552:, founded in 1775 in
1542:, founded in 1752 in
1529:
1509:, founded in 1630 in
1499:, founded in 1616 in
1471:, founded in 1635 in
1443:, founded in 1593 in
1424:
1404:Red Castle of Tripoli
1066:in the 13th century (
1021:
777:, founded in 1755 in
691:, founded in 1626 in
610:, founded in 1614 in
573:San Miguel de Allende
492:, founded in 1774 in
470:Santa Rosa de Múzquiz
468:, founded in 1780 in
444:, founded in 1752 in
433:, founded in 1772 in
411:, founded in 1685 in
361:, founded in 1735 in
350:, founded in 1697 in
317:, founded in 1570 in
154:Further information:
112:Presidio de Calabasas
40:
7268:Subterranean warfare
6221:Viking ring fortress
5308:Mesoamerican Codices
5032:Comuneros (Paraguay)
4870:Siege of Castelnuovo
4456:Christopher Columbus
4275:Consulate of the Sea
4255:Casa de Contratación
3846:Titles and positions
3239:Spanish–American War
3229:Liberal constitution
3072:Asia and the Pacific
2841:Other building types
1949:Karnes County, Texas
1441:Presidio de Santiago
1023:Royal Walls of Ceuta
171:State of the Presidi
30:For other uses, see
7085:Quadrangular castle
6821:Weapon storage area
6177:Quadrangular castle
5037:Cartagena de Indias
4659:Diego de Mazariegos
4629:Pere Fages i Beleta
4496:Sebastián de Ocampo
3977:Provincias Internas
3949:Captaincies General
3863:Municipal president
3832:School of Salamanca
3603:Spanish East Indies
3582:Misiones Orientales
3454:Spanish West Indies
3418:, Central America (
3365:Pyrénées-Orientales
3318:Union with Portugal
3209:Napoleonic invasion
3189:War of Jenkins' Ear
2999:Territorial Revival
2326:Cartagena de Indias
2078:on February 2, 2009
1866:, abandoned in 1573
1768:, abandoned in 1569
1748:Indian River Lagoon
1626:Rancho de la Nación
1290:Knights Hospitaller
1044:Strait of Gibraltar
833:, destroyed by the
537:San Pedro del Gallo
341:Baja California Sur
209:Porto Santo Stefano
54:jail, fortification
6816:Underground hangar
6601:Fire control tower
6398:Gunpowder magazine
5826:Butter-churn tower
5333:Academia Antártica
5288:Other civil topics
4654:Pánfilo de Narváez
4556:Sebastián Vizcaíno
4521:Andrés de Urdaneta
4481:Juan Ponce de León
4466:Ferdinand Magellan
4440:Bernardo de Gálvez
4339:Indian auxiliaries
3837:Trial of residence
3817:Laws of the Indies
3601:Asia and Oceania (
3462:Dominican Republic
2909:Architecture types
2644:Dominican Republic
2591:Lists of buildings
2230:Fortress of Empire
2189:10.1007/BF03376651
2007:
1901:
1663:Presidio de Sonoma
1535:
1431:
1427:Fortress of Empire
1310:Vélez de la Gomera
1103:Chafarinas Islands
1026:
947:Hermosillo, Sonora
649:, founded in 1529.
509:(1620–1690s?), in
484:Guerrero, Coahuila
278:Governors Palace,
181:Philip II of Spain
156:La Frontera, Chile
108:Sonoma, California
104:Presidio de Sonoma
46:
7339:
7338:
7263:Military urbanism
7197:Fortified gateway
7070:Concentric castle
6834:
6833:
6751:Fire support base
6591:Coastal artillery
6466:(Spanish America)
6060:
5902:Concentric castle
5409:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5278:
5277:
5183:Spanish conquests
5173:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5161:
5160:
4958:
4957:
4639:Pedro de Alvarado
4624:Gaspar de Portolà
4619:Pedro de Valdivia
4594:Francisco Pizarro
4546:Nicolás de Ovando
4541:Alonso de Ercilla
4516:Alonso de Salazar
4349:Ships of the line
4297:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4170:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3721:
3720:
3678:Northern Africa (
3674:Equatorial Guinea
3658:
3657:
3595:
3594:
3510:
3509:
3433:
3432:
3424:Spanish Caribbean
3397:Spanish Louisiana
3373:
3372:
3308:Crown of Castille
3272:
3271:
3249:Spanish Civil War
3224:Adams–Onís Treaty
3204:Nootka Convention
3152:Thirty Years' War
3142:Eighty Years' War
3063:Catholic Monarchs
3053:Timeline–immersed
3007:
3006:
2948:Monterey Colonial
2858:Balconies of Lima
2820:Bridges and roads
2516:Santiago de Chile
2301:Antigua Guatemala
2235:Moorhead, Max L.
2131:978-0-8165-3441-8
2000:Presidio La Bahía
1864:Cumberland Island
1827:Santa Rosa Island
1764:, capital of the
1656:Rancho San Julian
1486:Presidio de Lawis
1162:, briefly in 1534
1142:Alhucemas Islands
1080:Mazagão/El Jadida
1064:Kingdom of France
1052:Kingdom of Sicily
1040:Catholic Monarchs
805:, founded in 1749
797:Fronteras, Sonora
480:San Juan Bautista
363:San José del Cabo
177:Republic of Siena
16:(Redirected from
7364:
7328:
7327:
7321:
7212:National redoubt
7141:Fortified estate
7065:Circular rampart
7025:
7006:
6997:
6988:
6906:
6666:Anti-tank trench
6661:Air raid shelter
6636:
6596:Disappearing gun
6577:
6552:
6528:
6489:
6480:
6465:
6441:
6432:
6418:
6389:
6360:
6351:
6327:
6288:
6273:
6272:
6251:
6231:Bailey (or ward)
6197:
6102:Motte-and-bailey
6093:
6074:
6058:
6050:
6049:
6015:
6006:
5992:
5941:
5932:
5888:
5879:
5870:
5861:
5807:
5793:
5784:
5730:
5687:
5676:
5667:
5658:
5644:
5604:
5590:
5530:Circular rampart
5526:
5517:
5508:
5499:
5490:
5481:
5472:
5436:
5429:
5422:
5413:
5412:
5284:
5283:
5250:Chibchan Nations
5179:
5178:
5148:Santiago de Cuba
5007:Guadalupe Island
4967:
4966:
4694:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4649:Diego de Almagro
4526:Antonio de Ulloa
4430:Ambrosio Spinola
4425:Pedro de Zubiaur
4395:Alfonso d'Avalos
4385:Antonio de Leyva
4329:Army of Flanders
4314:
4313:
4303:
4302:
4192:
4191:
4181:
4180:
3907:
3906:
3896:
3895:
3766:
3765:
3755:
3754:
3723:
3722:
3696:Peñón of Algiers
3660:
3659:
3597:
3596:
3512:
3511:
3435:
3434:
3417:
3375:
3374:
3289:
3288:
3278:
3277:
3199:Seven Years' War
3172:Queen Anne's War
3049:
3048:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3011:
3010:
2575:Spanish missions
2521:Santiago de Cuba
2274:
2267:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2209:
2208:
2172:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2117:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2074:. Archived from
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2042:
1945:Cestohowa, Texas
1820:St. Joseph Point
1698:
1683:
1641:Rancho Buri Buri
1490:Madridejos, Cebu
1400:
1384:Spanish fort of
1381:
1367:
1348:
1334:
1320:
1306:
995:
986:
973:
958:
942:
926:
912:
897:
729:
721:Ruta de la Plata
707:San Juan del Río
676:
620:León, Guanajuato
435:Manuel Benavides
275:
260:
245:
130:
97:Native Americans
21:
7372:
7371:
7367:
7366:
7365:
7363:
7362:
7361:
7342:
7341:
7340:
7335:
7319:
7311:
7241:
7165:
7109:
7043:
6978:Imperial castle
6951:Coercion castle
6946:Coastal defence
6929:
6891:Promontory fort
6861:Hillside castle
6830:
6746:Fallout shelter
6711:Concertina wire
6691:Border security
6644:
6555:
6264:
5897:Coercion castle
5885:Cheval de frise
5867:Chemin de ronde
5715:Albarrana tower
5696:
5641:Schwedenschanze
5618:Promontory fort
5445:
5440:
5410:
5401:
5377:Old inquisition
5289:
5274:
5184:
5157:
5113:Trinidad (1797)
5083:La Noche Triste
5071:
5067:San Juan (1797)
5017:San Juan (1595)
4954:
4843:
4683:Notable battles
4678:
4644:Martín de Ursúa
4575:
4506:Alonso de Ojeda
4476:Juan de la Cosa
4461:Pinzón brothers
4444:
4415:John of Austria
4390:Martín de Goiti
4368:
4308:
4289:
4233:
4186:
4167:
4079:
4075:Terra Australis
4070:Río de la Plata
4015:Castilla de Oro
4001:
3943:
3939:Río de la Plata
3901:
3882:
3841:
3800:
3796:Santa Hermandad
3760:
3741:
3737:Terra Australis
3728:
3717:
3684:Spanish Morocco
3665:
3654:
3645:Northern Taiwan
3606:
3591:
3562:Río de la Plata
3517:
3506:
3440:
3439:Central America
3429:
3411:
3380:
3369:
3313:Crown of Aragon
3294:
3283:
3268:
3184:Bourbon Reforms
3054:
3043:
3038:
3008:
3003:
2989:Mission Revival
2972:
2926:Churrigueresque
2904:
2836:
2815:
2801:Coasts of Chile
2779:
2743:
2602:
2586:
2570:
2496:San Luis Potosí
2466:Saint Augustine
2284:
2278:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2173:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2118:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2055:
2053:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2021:Marqués de Rubí
2012:
1936:
1918:
1890:
1873:
1843:
1797:at present-day
1712:
1705:
1699:
1690:
1684:
1608:Rancho Nacional
1599:
1524:
1519:
1481:
1464:
1436:
1419:
1413:
1406:
1401:
1392:
1382:
1373:
1368:
1359:
1349:
1340:
1335:
1326:
1321:
1312:
1307:
1110:Mehdya, Morocco
1016:
1010:
1003:
996:
987:
980:
974:
965:
959:
950:
943:
934:
927:
918:
913:
904:
898:
837:Caxcan in 1533.
812:
759:
746:
744:San Luis Potosí
738:Jalpan de Serra
723:
702:
684:
670:
661:Lagos de Moreno
642:
629:
614:by the Viceroy
568:
557:(1648–1767) in
502:
494:Cuatro Ciénegas
461:
371:
343:
310:
289:
282:
276:
267:
261:
252:
246:
173:
167:
162:
152:
144:Fort San Miguel
140:
128:
42:Peñafiel Castle
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7370:
7360:
7359:
7354:
7337:
7336:
7334:
7333:
7316:
7313:
7312:
7310:
7309:
7308:
7307:
7297:
7295:Trench warfare
7292:
7290:Tunnel warfare
7287:
7286:
7285:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7249:
7247:
7243:
7242:
7240:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7173:
7171:
7167:
7166:
7164:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7146:Fortifications
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7117:
7115:
7111:
7110:
7108:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7051:
7049:
7045:
7044:
7042:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7017:
7012:
7007:
6998:
6989:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6963:
6958:
6956:Counter-castle
6953:
6948:
6943:
6941:Border barrier
6937:
6935:
6931:
6930:
6928:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6876:Lowland castle
6873:
6868:
6866:Hilltop castle
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6842:
6840:
6836:
6835:
6832:
6831:
6829:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6741:Electric fence
6738:
6733:
6731:Dragon's teeth
6728:
6726:Czech hedgehog
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6652:
6650:
6646:
6645:
6643:
6642:
6640:Wire obstacles
6637:
6628:
6626:Polygonal fort
6623:
6618:
6616:Martello tower
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6581:Border outpost
6578:
6569:
6563:
6561:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6553:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6481:
6472:
6467:
6457:
6455:Polygonal fort
6452:
6447:
6442:
6433:
6424:
6419:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6352:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6279:
6277:
6270:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6066:
6061:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6007:
5998:
5993:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5967:
5962:
5947:
5945:Flanking tower
5942:
5933:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5912:Counter-castle
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5880:
5871:
5862:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5799:
5794:
5785:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5706:
5704:
5702:Post-classical
5698:
5697:
5695:
5694:
5692:Vitrified fort
5689:
5677:
5668:
5659:
5650:
5645:
5636:
5631:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5596:
5591:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5550:Defensive wall
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5518:
5509:
5500:
5491:
5482:
5473:
5464:
5459:
5453:
5451:
5447:
5446:
5443:Fortifications
5439:
5438:
5431:
5424:
5416:
5407:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5362:
5361:
5360:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5280:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5193:Canary Islands
5189:
5186:
5185:
5175:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5079:
5077:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5047:Túpac Amaru II
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4992:Bogotá savanna
4989:
4984:
4979:
4973:
4971:
4964:
4960:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4900:Spanish Armada
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4794:White Mountain
4791:
4789:Cape Celidonia
4786:
4784:English Armada
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4700:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4585:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4561:Juan Fernández
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4536:Diego Columbus
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4376:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4364:Army of Africa
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4344:Spanish Armada
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4320:
4318:
4310:
4309:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4245:Manila galleon
4241:
4239:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4200:
4198:
4188:
4187:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4089:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4011:
4009:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3953:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3915:
3913:
3903:
3902:
3892:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3772:
3770:
3762:
3761:
3759:Administration
3751:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3680:Western Sahara
3676:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3578:Banda Oriental
3559:
3545:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3451:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3393:Coastal Alaska
3385:
3382:
3381:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3285:
3284:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3045:
3044:
3041:Spanish Empire
3037:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3014:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2787:
2785:
2784:Fortifications
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2703:United States
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2277:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2162:
2137:
2130:
2107:
2098:
2089:
2063:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2011:
2008:
1993:
1992:
1982:
1972:
1962:
1952:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1917:
1916:South Carolina
1914:
1913:
1912:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1856:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1806:St. Joseph Bay
1802:
1795:Fort Barrancas
1787:
1780:
1769:
1758:
1755:Cape Canaveral
1751:
1740:
1729:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1700:
1693:
1691:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1659:
1644:
1629:
1618:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1587:
1576:
1566:
1556:
1546:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1503:
1493:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1448:
1435:
1432:
1415:Main article:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1395:
1393:
1388:Island on the
1383:
1376:
1374:
1369:
1362:
1360:
1351:Spanish fort (
1350:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1329:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1313:
1308:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1279:
1269:
1259:
1253:
1243:
1233:
1223:
1213:
1203:
1193:
1188:), 1510–1516;
1179:
1173:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1068:Eighth Crusade
1012:Main article:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1004:
997:
990:
988:
978:Mezcala Island
975:
968:
966:
960:
953:
951:
944:
937:
935:
928:
921:
919:
914:
907:
905:
899:
892:
889:
888:
881:
874:
859:
852:
845:
838:
827:
820:
811:
808:
807:
806:
799:
781:
771:
758:
755:
754:
753:
745:
742:
741:
740:
734:
732:Pedro Escobedo
709:
701:
698:
697:
696:
683:
680:
679:
678:
668:Mezcala Island
664:
657:
650:
641:
638:
637:
636:
628:
625:
624:
623:
604:
597:
590:
583:
576:
567:
564:
563:
562:
551:
540:
529:
514:
501:
498:
497:
496:
486:
472:
460:
457:
456:
455:
448:
438:
427:
416:
405:
398:
387:
380:El Paso, Texas
370:
367:
366:
365:
355:
342:
339:
338:
337:
326:
309:
308:Aguascalientes
306:
288:
285:
284:
283:
277:
270:
268:
263:Forte Stella,
262:
255:
253:
247:
240:
237:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
169:Main article:
166:
163:
160:Army of Arauco
151:
148:
147:
146:
139:
136:
123:rancho del rey
58:Spanish Empire
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7369:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7349:
7347:
7332:
7331:
7318:
7317:
7314:
7306:
7303:
7302:
7301:
7300:Urban warfare
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7284:
7281:
7280:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7253:Civil defense
7251:
7250:
7248:
7244:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7174:
7172:
7168:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7121:Bastion forts
7119:
7118:
7116:
7112:
7106:
7105:Z-plan castle
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7075:L-plan castle
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7060:Bridge castle
7058:
7056:
7053:
7052:
7050:
7046:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7029:Refuge castle
7027:
7024:
7023:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7010:Military base
7008:
7005:
7004:
6999:
6996:
6995:
6990:
6987:
6986:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6973:Hunting lodge
6971:
6969:
6968:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6938:
6936:
6932:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6905:
6904:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6886:Moated castle
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6871:Island castle
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6843:
6841:
6839:By topography
6837:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6811:Submarine pen
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6766:Hesco bastion
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6681:Blast shelter
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6653:
6651:
6647:
6641:
6638:
6635:
6634:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6576:
6575:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6564:
6562:
6558:
6551:
6550:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6482:
6479:
6478:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6464:
6463:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6450:Place-of-arms
6448:
6446:
6443:
6440:
6439:
6434:
6431:
6430:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6417:
6416:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6359:
6358:
6353:
6350:
6349:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6326:
6325:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6281:
6280:
6278:
6274:
6271:
6267:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6250:
6249:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6196:
6195:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6092:
6091:
6086:
6084:
6083:Machicolation
6081:
6079:
6078:L-plan castle
6076:
6073:
6072:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6057:
6056:
6048:
6047:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6013:
6008:
6005:
6004:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5991:
5990:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5972:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5960:
5956:
5952:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5940:
5939:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5881:
5878:
5877:
5872:
5869:
5868:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5811:Bridge castle
5809:
5806:
5805:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5777:
5775:
5774:Bent entrance
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5759:Battery tower
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5710:Advanced work
5708:
5707:
5705:
5703:
5699:
5693:
5690:
5686:
5681:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5669:
5666:
5665:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5637:
5635:
5634:Refuge castle
5632:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5437:
5432:
5430:
5425:
5423:
5418:
5417:
5414:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5366:
5363:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5328:Tapada limeña
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5292:
5285:
5281:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5187:
5180:
5176:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4965:
4961:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4920:Montes Claros
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4860:Vienna (1529)
4858:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4692:
4688:
4685:
4681:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4589:Hernán Cortés
4587:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4581:Conquistadors
4578:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4551:Juan de Ayala
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4405:Duke of Savoy
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4304:
4300:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4204:Dollar (Peso)
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4182:
4178:
4164:
4163:Santo Domingo
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4040:New Andalusia
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3987:Santo Domingo
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3911:Viceroyalties
3908:
3904:
3897:
3893:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3756:
3752:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3724:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3661:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3604:
3598:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3516:South America
3513:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3436:
3425:
3421:
3415:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3401:Spanish Texas
3398:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3379:North America
3376:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3360:Franche-Comté
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3290:
3286:
3279:
3275:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3035:
3030:
3028:
3023:
3021:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2853:Bahay na bato
2851:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2811:Santo Domingo
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2526:Santo Domingo
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2486:San Francisco
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2275:
2270:
2268:
2263:
2261:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2133:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2102:
2093:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1928:
1927:Parris Island
1924:
1921:The Presidio
1920:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1865:
1861:
1858:The Presidio
1857:
1854:
1851:The Presidio
1850:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1782:The Presidio
1781:
1778:
1774:
1771:The Presidio
1770:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1742:The Presidio
1741:
1738:
1735:near today's
1734:
1733:Fort Caroline
1730:
1727:
1726:Great Britain
1723:
1722:St. Augustine
1719:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1703:
1697:
1692:
1689:
1682:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1671:Rancho Suscol
1668:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1652:Santa Barbara
1649:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1586:(Gerald 1968)
1585:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1517:United States
1512:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1405:
1399:
1394:
1391:
1390:Lake of Tunis
1387:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1342:
1339:
1338:Mers El Kébir
1333:
1328:
1325:
1319:
1314:
1311:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1166:Mers El Kébir
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1072:Iberian Union
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1001:
994:
989:
984:
979:
972:
967:
964:
957:
952:
948:
941:
936:
932:
925:
920:
917:
911:
906:
903:
896:
891:
890:
886:
882:
879:
878:Chalchihuites
875:
872:
868:
864:
860:
857:
853:
850:
846:
843:
839:
836:
832:
828:
825:
821:
818:
814:
813:
804:
801:The Presidio
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
780:
779:Altar, Sonora
776:
772:
769:
765:
761:
760:
752:
751:Ciudad Valles
748:
747:
739:
735:
733:
727:
722:
718:
714:
711:The Presidio
710:
708:
704:
703:
694:
690:
686:
685:
674:
669:
665:
662:
658:
655:
651:
648:
645:The Presidio
644:
643:
635:
631:
630:
621:
617:
613:
612:San Cristóbal
609:
605:
602:
598:
595:
591:
588:
584:
581:
577:
574:
570:
569:
560:
559:Villa Hidalgo
556:
552:
549:
545:
541:
538:
534:
530:
527:
524:northwest of
523:
519:
516:The Presidio
515:
512:
508:
504:
503:
495:
491:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
471:
467:
463:
462:
453:
449:
447:
443:
439:
436:
432:
428:
425:
421:
417:
414:
410:
406:
403:
399:
396:
393:(1691–?), in
392:
388:
385:
381:
377:
373:
372:
364:
360:
356:
353:
349:
345:
344:
335:
331:
327:
324:
320:
316:
312:
311:
305:
303:
299:
295:
281:
274:
269:
266:
259:
254:
251:
244:
239:
238:
235:
234:Porto Azzurro
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
172:
161:
157:
145:
142:
141:
135:
132:
124:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
81:Mediterranean
77:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
43:
39:
33:
19:
7323:
7278:Siege engine
7246:Other topics
7170:Related word
7136:Defense line
7100:Tower castle
7055:Bastion fort
7039:Urban castle
6967:Ganerbenburg
6965:
6920:Water castle
6896:Ridge castle
6881:Marsh castle
6696:Bomb shelter
6676:Belgian gate
6649:20th century
6560:19th century
6498:Retrenchment
6470:Punji sticks
6461:
6379:Entrenchment
6374:Device Forts
6341:Counterguard
6276:Early modern
6206:Tower castle
6142:Powder tower
6117:Outer bailey
6029:Inner bailey
6003:Gulyay-gorod
5971:Ganerbenburg
5969:
5965:Fujian tulou
5907:Corner tower
5846:Chamber gate
5816:Bridge tower
5664:Trou de loup
5303:Architecture
5198:The Americas
5062:Newfoundland
5052:Túpac Katari
5042:Cuerno Verde
4977:Tenochtitlan
4809:Valenciennes
4566:Luis Fajardo
4435:Blas de Lezo
4380:Duke of Alba
4260:Spanish Road
4098:Buenos Aires
4007:Governorates
3776:Ayuntamiento
3769:Organization
3234:Carlist Wars
3082:Italian Wars
2953:Neoclassical
2790:
2775:Popocatépetl
2481:San Fernando
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2183:(3): 24–32.
2180:
2176:
2153:. Retrieved
2149:
2140:
2121:
2101:
2092:
2080:. Retrieved
2076:the original
2066:
2054:. Retrieved
2052:(in Spanish)
2049:
2040:
1899:, New Mexico
1845:
1844:
1737:Jacksonville
1714:
1713:
1704:, California
1426:
1353:Bordj Moussa
1352:
1285:
1275:
1268:), 1550–1553
1265:
1252:), 1537–1574
1249:
1239:
1232:), 1535–1574
1229:
1222:), 1535–1574
1219:
1212:), 1535–1540
1209:
1202:), 1510–1555
1199:
1185:
1169:
1156:, since 1497
1144:, since 1559
1120:), 1614–1681
1117:
1113:
1094:
1092:
1033:
1027:
1008:North Africa
870:
869:. Today the
862:
767:
766:. Today the
611:
535:(1683s), in
479:
333:
322:
314:
296:, mainly in
290:
280:Porto Ercole
265:Porto Ercole
250:Porto Ercole
204:Porto Ercole
188:
174:
126:
122:
120:
101:
78:
73:
69:
65:
53:
49:
47:
7177:Castle town
7034:Toll castle
7003:Lustschloss
6985:Kaiserpfalz
6915:Spur castle
6910:Rock castle
6851:Hill castle
6846:Cave castle
6806:Spider hole
6706:Bremer wall
6671:Barbed tape
6567:Barbed wire
6241:Witch tower
6211:Tower house
6201:Toll castle
6187:Shield wall
6107:Murder hole
5996:Guard tower
5613:Pincer gate
5560:Faussebraye
5270:Philippines
5235:El Salvador
4855:Capo d'Orso
4739:St. Quentin
4714:Rome (1527)
4373:Strategists
4123:Guadalajara
4050:New Navarre
4045:New Castile
4030:La Luisiana
3982:Puerto Rico
3972:Philippines
3929:New Granada
3619:Philippines
3580:(Uruguay),
3576:(Bolivia),
3526:New Granada
3466:Puerto Rico
3412: [
3282:Territories
3102:Encomiendas
2968:Territorial
2958:Renaissance
2806:Philippines
2699:Puerto Rico
2694:Philippines
2471:San Antonio
2446:Panamá City
2431:New Orleans
2416:Mexico City
2391:Los Ángeles
2306:Albuquerque
2155:12 February
2150:www.nps.gov
2056:October 28,
1960:San Antonio
1923:Santa Elena
1724:, ceded to
1501:Iloilo City
1411:Philippines
1371:La Goulette
1258:, 1550–1554
1226:La Goulette
1190:Peñón islet
1170:Mazalquivir
1150:, 1505–1533
1126:, 1610–1689
1035:Reconquista
1030:Granada War
981: [
885:Ojocaliente
865:in 1580 in
856:Ojocaliente
835:Tlaltenango
817:Tlaltenango
724: [
671: [
546:(1715), in
520:(1685), on
85:Philippines
7346:Categories
7202:Gatekeeper
7022:Ordensburg
6994:Landesburg
6801:Sentry gun
6756:Flak tower
6686:Blast wall
6606:Gun turret
6503:Sally port
6408:Kotta mara
6348:Couvreface
6312:Breastwork
6307:Blockhouse
6285:Abwurfdach
6236:Watchtower
6226:Wall tower
6182:Shell keep
6132:Portcullis
6127:Peel tower
6112:Neck ditch
6071:Landesburg
6019:Half tower
5977:Gate tower
5922:Drawbridge
5764:Battlement
5680:Wagon fort
5523:Chengqiang
4940:Somosierra
4930:Manila Bay
4804:Nördlingen
4744:Gravelines
4224:Columnario
4196:Currencies
4113:Concepción
4085:Audiencias
4060:New Toledo
4025:La Florida
3858:Corregidor
3822:Papal bull
3727:Antarctica
3635:Micronesia
3092:Golden Age
2931:Earthquake
2712:California
2634:Costa Rica
2607:Cathedrals
2441:Old Panamá
2366:Guanajuato
2351:Cuernavaca
2336:Cienfuegos
1910:Santa Cruz
1888:New Mexico
1597:California
1574:Tumacacori
1445:Intramuros
1296:until 1551
1192:until 1529
1084:Casablanca
1062:) and the
1028:After the
976:Presidio,
900:Presidio,
867:Villanueva
831:Nochistlán
764:Hermosillo
682:Nuevo León
587:Guanajuato
566:Guanajuato
302:Guanajuato
110:, and the
89:fortresses
70:protection
66:praesidium
7305:Guerrilla
7048:By design
6796:Revetment
6611:Land mine
6542:Star fort
6369:Crownwork
6364:Covertway
6297:Barricade
5938:Embrasure
5851:Chartaque
5781:Bergfried
5739:Arrowslit
5565:Gatehouse
5535:City gate
5496:Castellum
5462:Acropolis
5245:Nicaragua
5223:Guatemala
5133:Pichincha
5118:Chacabuco
5057:Pensacola
5002:Mataquito
4982:Cajamarca
4963:New World
4935:Trafalgar
4839:Alhucemas
4719:Landriano
4704:Comuneros
4690:Old World
4634:Joan Orpí
4354:Royalists
4128:Guatemala
4055:New Spain
3992:Venezuela
3967:Guatemala
3924:New Spain
3919:Columbian
3812:Exequatur
3712:Cape Juby
3566:Argentina
3389:New Spain
3323:Gibraltar
3087:Habsburgs
2848:Alhóndiga
2739:Venezuela
2722:Louisiana
2674:Nicaragua
2659:Guatemala
2614:Argentina
2566:Zamboanga
2561:Zacatecas
2476:San Diego
2246:38, 2004.
2205:160809833
2082:April 17,
1871:Louisiana
1834:Pensacola
1813:St. Marks
1777:Tampa Bay
1564:Tombstone
1533:, Arizona
1473:Zamboanga
1230:La Goleta
1114:La Mamora
1095:presidios
1000:Fresnillo
961:Presidio
842:Fresnillo
824:Juchipila
810:Zacatecas
700:Querétaro
522:Rio Nazas
369:Chihuahua
298:Zacatecas
229:Giannutri
224:Ansedonia
214:Orbetello
27:Fort type
18:Presidios
7330:Category
7320:See also
7207:Loophole
7095:Ringwork
7090:Ringfort
7015:Obstacle
6856:Hillfort
6776:Loophole
6574:Barbette
6549:Tenaille
6532:Sea fort
6462:Presidio
6422:Magazine
6403:Hornwork
6336:Cavalier
6331:Casemate
6324:Caponier
6167:Ringwork
6055:Detinets
6024:Hoarding
5929:Enceinte
5804:Bretèche
5749:Bartizan
5744:Barbican
5720:Alcazaba
5648:Stockade
5628:Ringfort
5608:Palisade
5580:Landwehr
5575:Hillfort
5255:Colombia
5240:Honduras
5153:Asomante
5138:Ayacucho
5128:Carabobo
5103:Curalaba
4880:Ceresole
4774:Gembloux
4734:Mühlberg
4449:Mariners
4307:Military
4229:Doubloon
4214:Maravedí
4158:Santiago
4065:Paraguay
3791:Germania
3631:Caroline
3586:Malvinas
3570:Paraguay
3530:Colombia
3472:Trinidad
3339:Sardinia
3179:Bourbons
2943:Chilotan
2873:Hacienda
2863:Bullring
2791:Presidio
2684:Paraguay
2664:Honduras
2629:Colombia
2551:Veracruz
2546:Trujillo
2511:Santa Fe
2491:San Juan
2321:Campeche
2311:Arequipa
2283:articles
2197:25617178
2010:See also
1990:Presidio
1882:Robeline
1784:Tequesta
1773:Tocobaga
1616:Monterey
1462:Mindanao
1447:, Manila
1256:Monastir
863:estancia
693:Cerralvo
526:Cuencamé
459:Coahuila
454:(1758–?)
384:Carrizal
330:Asientos
319:Asientos
219:Talamone
83:and the
68:meaning
50:presidio
7237:Vedette
7227:Schloss
7192:Festung
7187:Dungeon
7182:Château
7126:Castles
6934:By role
6791:Pillbox
6621:Outpost
6537:Station
6525:Schanze
6508:Sandbag
6493:Redoubt
6477:Ravelin
6445:Palanka
6429:Orillon
6415:Lunette
6357:Coupure
6302:Bastion
6292:Arsenal
6260:Zwinger
6172:Roundel
6162:Ricetto
6137:Postern
6122:Outwork
6046:Kremlin
5917:Curtain
5892:Citadel
5876:Chemise
5836:Caltrop
5754:Bastion
5727:Alcázar
5623:Rampart
5601:Oppidum
5594:Nuraghe
5540:Crannog
5514:Castros
5450:Ancient
5387:Asiento
5358:Mustang
5218:Yucatán
5213:Chiapas
5093:Tucapel
4925:Passaro
4875:Algiers
4865:Preveza
4834:Tetouan
4829:Vitoria
4819:Bitonto
4759:Antwerp
4754:Lepanto
4709:Bicocca
4185:Economy
4108:Charcas
4103:Caracas
3997:Yucatán
3868:Regidor
3853:Alcalde
3781:Cabildo
3688:Tripoli
3627:Mariana
3574:Charcas
3550:(Peru,
3534:Ecuador
3497:Bonaire
3492:Curazao
3477:Jamaica
3405:Florida
2936:Mexican
2916:Baroque
2885:Cabildo
2868:Convent
2832:Tayabas
2734:Uruguay
2717:Florida
2707:Arizona
2649:Ecuador
2619:Bolivia
2541:Tayabas
2451:Popayán
2426:Morelia
2406:Malolos
2361:Granada
1846:Source:
1841:Georgia
1715:Source:
1710:Florida
1584:Douglas
1522:Arizona
1479:Visayas
1324:Melilla
1294:held it
1286:Trípoli
1282:Tripoli
1220:Bizerta
1216:Bizerte
1182:Algiers
1160:Honaine
1154:Melilla
1124:Larache
1076:Tangier
998:Former
963:Ojuelos
945:Former
929:Former
793:Arizona
713:Maxcala
654:Ojuelos
640:Jalisco
634:Zimapán
627:Hidalgo
500:Durango
446:Jiménez
131:s ranch
116:Arizona
93:pirates
79:In the
74:defense
7232:Trench
7222:Picket
6633:Sangar
6586:Bunker
6518:Sconce
6438:Ostrog
6386:Flèche
6269:Modern
6248:Yagura
6216:Turret
6152:Reduit
6090:Merlon
6034:Kasbah
6012:Gusuku
5989:Glacis
5982:Gabion
5951:church
5858:Chashi
5841:Castle
5685:Laager
5673:Vallum
5630:(Rath)
5505:Castra
5487:Burgus
5457:Abatis
5365:Castas
5123:Boyacá
5098:Guiana
5088:Iguape
5012:Recife
4950:Mactan
4945:Annual
4910:Rocroi
4905:Leiden
4890:Djerba
4824:Bailén
4779:Ostend
4764:Azores
4359:Legión
4324:Tercio
4317:Armies
4219:Escudo
4148:Panamá
4143:Mexico
4138:Manila
4093:Bogotá
3878:Vecino
3873:Syndic
3704:Béjaïa
3664:Africa
3650:Tidore
3538:Panama
3502:Belize
3409:Mexico
3335:Sicily
3331:Naples
3293:Europe
2963:Rococo
2921:Andean
2765:Chiloé
2679:Panama
2669:Mexico
2598:Oldest
2456:Puebla
2436:Oaxaca
2421:Mompox
2411:Manila
2401:Malabo
2381:La Paz
2376:Iloílo
2371:Havana
2346:Cuenca
2316:Bogotá
2203:
2195:
2128:
2004:Goliad
1980:Menard
1970:Goliad
1766:Calusa
1667:Sonoma
1554:Tucson
1456:Cavite
1386:Chikly
1357:Béjaïa
1272:Djerba
1266:Mahdía
1262:Mahdia
1246:Sousse
1206:Annaba
1196:Béjaïa
1148:Cazaza
1058:under
1056:Djerba
1038:, the
789:Sonora
757:Sonora
594:Celaya
548:Mapimí
424:Parral
287:Mexico
197:Naples
138:Canada
7273:Siege
7217:Palas
7161:Walls
7151:Forts
7114:Lists
6961:Fence
6903:Rocca
6771:Kabal
6486:Redan
6393:Gorge
6317:Canal
6194:Shiro
6157:Ribat
6147:Qalat
5959:Dzong
5955:house
5655:Sudis
5587:Limes
5545:Ditch
5478:Broch
5469:Agger
5260:Chile
5228:Petén
5203:Aztec
5022:Bahia
4997:Penco
4987:Cusco
4915:Downs
4895:Tunis
4814:Ceuta
4799:Breda
4749:Malta
4729:Tunis
4724:Pavia
4238:Trade
4153:Quito
4118:Cusco
3957:Chile
3692:Tunis
3639:Palau
3556:Chile
3487:Aruba
3482:Haiti
3416:]
3345:Milan
3303:Spain
2900:Plaza
2760:Bohol
2727:Texas
2624:Chile
2556:Vigan
2531:Sucre
2461:Quito
2356:Cusco
2296:Agaña
2201:S2CID
2193:JSTOR
2032:Notes
1934:Texas
1908:, in
1853:Guale
1762:Calos
1614:, in
1544:Tubac
1434:Luzon
1355:) in
1276:Yerba
1240:Túnez
1236:Tunis
1200:Bugia
1186:Argel
1130:Ceuta
1048:Ceuta
985:]
728:]
717:Otomi
675:]
647:Jamay
395:Janos
165:Italy
150:Chile
129:'
114:, in
106:, at
64:word
62:Latin
7283:list
6701:Buoy
6255:Yett
6097:Moat
6064:Ksar
6039:Keep
5831:Caer
5821:Burh
5797:Boom
5790:Berm
5769:Bawn
5734:Amba
5570:Gord
5265:Inca
5208:Maya
5143:Guam
5076:Lost
4848:Lost
4769:Mons
4209:Real
4133:Lima
4020:Cuba
3962:Cuba
3934:Perú
3710:and
3708:Ifni
3700:Oran
3623:Guam
3552:Acre
3548:Peru
3458:Cuba
3337:and
2689:Peru
2654:Guam
2639:Cuba
2536:Taal
2396:Lima
2386:León
2341:Coro
2331:Cebú
2157:2024
2126:ISBN
2084:2011
2058:2017
1984:The
1974:The
1964:The
1954:The
1939:The
1904:The
1876:The
1789:The
1661:The
1646:The
1631:The
1620:The
1602:The
1589:The
1578:The
1568:The
1558:The
1548:The
1538:The
1511:Cebu
1505:The
1495:The
1484:The
1467:The
1450:The
1439:The
1292:who
1250:Susa
1210:Bona
1176:Oran
1105:).
1082:and
783:The
773:The
687:The
606:The
601:León
580:León
553:The
542:The
531:The
505:The
488:The
474:The
464:The
450:The
440:The
429:The
418:The
407:The
400:The
389:The
374:The
357:The
346:The
300:and
183:and
158:and
127:king
5555:Dun
4970:Won
4697:Won
3805:Law
3702:,
3422:),
3403:),
2185:doi
2050:RAE
2002:in
1947:in
1744:Ais
1488:in
1116:or
1090:.
730:in
199:.
125:or
99:.
72:or
7348::
7322::
5957:,
5953:,
3706:,
3698:,
3694:,
3690:,
3686:,
3682:,
3637:,
3633:,
3629:,
3625:,
3621:,
3584:,
3572:,
3568:,
3554:,
3540:,
3536:,
3532:,
3464:,
3460:,
3414:es
3407:,
3333:,
3070:,
2199:.
2191:.
2181:38
2179:.
2165:^
2148:.
2110:^
2048:.
1078:,
983:es
726:es
673:es
118:.
76:.
48:A
6059:)
6051:(
5961:)
5688:)
5682:(
5435:e
5428:t
5421:v
3714:)
3641:)
3617:(
3605:)
3588:)
3564:(
3558:)
3528:(
3468:)
3456:(
3426:)
3391:(
3341:)
3033:e
3026:t
3019:v
2273:e
2266:t
2259:v
2207:.
2187::
2159:.
2134:.
2086:.
2060:.
1673:.
1658:.
1643:.
1628:.
1284:(
1274:(
1264:(
1248:(
1238:(
1228:(
1218:(
1208:(
1198:(
1184:(
1168:(
1112:(
887:.
880:.
873:.
858:.
851:.
844:.
826:.
819:.
791:/
770:.
695:.
677:.
663:.
656:.
622:.
603:.
596:.
589:.
582:.
575:.
561:.
550:.
539:.
528:.
513:.
437:.
415:.
397:.
386:.
354:.
336:.
325:.
52:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
