Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse de Lamballe

577:, Yolande convinced her to refuse Marie Thérèse'a admission to them, and in 1780, Ambassador Mercy reported: "the Princesse is very little seen at court. The Queen, it is true, visited her on her father's death, but it is the first mark of kindness she has received for long." Though Marie Thérèse was replaced by Yolande as favourite, the friendship with the queen nevertheless continued on an on-and-off-basis: Marie Antoinette occasionally visited her in her rooms, and reportedly appreciated her serenity and loyalty in between the entertainments offered to her by Yolande, once commenting, "She is the only woman I know who never bears a grudge; neither hatred nor jealousy is to be found in her." After the death of Marie Antoinette's mother, Marie Antoinette isolated herself with Marie Thérèse and Yolande during the winter to mourn. Marie Thérèse kept her office of Superintendent at the French royal court after she lost her position as favourite, and continued to perform her duties—she hosted balls in the name of the queen, introduced debutantes to her, assisted her in receiving foreign royal guests, and participated in the ceremonies around the birth of the queen's children and the queen's annual Easter Communion. Outside of her formal duties, however, she was often absent from court, attending to the bad health of both herself and her father-in-law. She engaged in her close friendship with her own favourite lady-in-waiting, Countess Étiennette d'Amblimont de Lâge de Volude, as well as her charity and her interest in the 550:

society: she suffered from what was described as "nerves, convulsions, fainting-fits", and reportedly could faint and remain unconscious for hours. The office of Superintendent required that she confirmed all orders regarding the queen before they could be performed, that all letters, petitions, or memoranda to the queen were to be channelled through her, and that she entertain in the name of the queen. The office aroused great envy and insulted a great number of people at court because of the precedence in rank it gave. It also gave an enormous salary of 50,000 crowns a year, and because of the condition of the state's economy and the great wealth of the princess, she was asked to renounce the salary. When she refused for the sake of rank and stated that she would either have all the privileges of the office or retire, she was granted the salary by the queen herself. This incident aroused much bad publicity, thus painting Marie Thérèse as a greedy royal favourite, and her famous fainting spells were widely mocked as manipulative simulations. She was openly talked about as the favourite of the queen and was greeted almost as visiting royalty when she travelled around the country during her free time, and had many poems dedicated to her.

593: 554: 943: 213: 56: 768:. The night of the escape in June 1791, the queen said goodnight to her and advised her to spend some days in the country for the sake of her health before she retired. Marie Thérèse found her behaviour odd enough to remark about it to M. de Clermot, before leaving the Tuileries Palace to retire to her villa in Passy. The day after, when the royal family had already departed during the night, she received a note from Marie Antoinette who told her about the flight and told her to meet her in Brussels. In the company of her ladies-in-waiting, Countess de Lâge, Countess de Ginestous, and two male courtiers, she immediately visited her father-in-law in Aumale, informed him of her flight and asked him for letters of introduction. 573:. The outgoing and social Yolande referred to the reserved Marie Thérèse as a boor, while Marie Thérèse herself disliked the bad influence she regarded Yolande to have over the queen. Marie Antoinette, who was unable to make them get along, started to prefer the company of Yolande, who could better satisfy her need for amusement and pleasure. In April 1776, Ambassador Mercy reported: "The Princesse de Lamballe loses much in favour. I believe she will always be well treated by the Queen, but she no longer possesses her entire confidence", and continued in May by reporting of "constant quarrels, in which the Princesse seemed always to be in the wrong". When Marie Antoinette started to participate in amateur theater at the 3366: 5798: 426: 799:

During her stay abroad, she was in correspondence with Marie Antoinette, who repeatedly asked her not to return to France. However, in October 1791, the new provisions of the Constitution came into operation, and the queen was requested to set her household in order and dismissed all office holders not in service. She accordingly wrote officially to Marie Thérèse and formally asked her to return to service or resign. This formal letter, though it was in contrast to the private letters Marie Antoinette had written her, reportedly convinced her that it was her duty to return, and she announced that the queen wished her to return and that "I must live and die with her."

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the authorities shortly after her death. Royalist accounts of the incident claimed her body was displayed on the street for a full day, but this is not likely, as the official protocols explicitly state that it was brought to the authorities immediately after her death. While the state of the body is not described, there is, in fact, nothing to indicate that it was disembowelled, or even undressed: the report recounts everything she had in her pockets when she died, and indicate that her headless body was brought fully dressed on a wagon to the authorities the normal way, rather than being dragged disembowelled along the street, as sensationalist stories claimed.

1022: 1178: 5733: 5665: 742: 514:. This appointment was controversial: the office had been vacant for over thirty years because the position was expensive, superfluous, and gave far too much power and influence to the bearer, giving her rank and power over all other ladies-in-waiting and requiring all orders given by any other female office holder to be confirmed by her before it could be carried out, and Marie Thérèse, though of sufficient rank to be appointed, was regarded too young, which would offend those placed under her, but the queen regarded it as just a reward for her friend. 5539: 1009:", but were soon silenced with the shouts of "Death to the disguised lackeys of the Duc de Penthièvre!" One of the killers, who was tried years later, described her as "a little lady dressed in white", standing for a moment alone. Reportedly, she was first struck by a man with a pike on her head, which caused her hair to fall upon her shoulders, revealing a letter from Marie Antoinette which she had hidden in her hair; she was then wounded on the forehead, which caused her to bleed, after which she was stabbed to death by the crowd. 858:, Madame de Ginestous, and a few noblemen, belonged to the courtiers surrounding the queen and her children for several hours when the mob passed by the room shouting insults to Marie Antoinette. According to a witness, Marie Thérèse stood leaning by the queen's armchair to support her through the entire scene: "Madame de Lamballe displayed even greater courage. Standing during the whole of that long scene, leaning upon the Queen's chair, she seemed only occupied with the dangers of that unhappy princess without regarding her own." 5197: 955: 5763: 922:", and permitted to leave, or sentenced to death with the words "Conduct him to the Abbaye" or "Let him go", after which the condemned was taken to a yard where they were immediately killed by a mob consisting of men, women and children. The massacres were opposed by the staff of the prison, who allowed many prisoners to escape, particularly women. Of about two hundred women, only two were ultimately killed in the prison. 5708: 934:, the queen's ladies-maids Marie-Élisabeth Thibault and Bazile, the dauphin's nurse St Brice, Marie Thérèse's own ladies-maid Navarre, as well as wife of the king's valet Madame de Septeuil, were all put before the tribunals and freed of charges, as were even two male members of the royal household, the valets of the king and the dauphin, Chamilly and Hue. Marie Thérèse was therefore to be somewhat of an exception. 1072:, Fraser claims Marie Antoinette did not actually see the head of her long-time friend, but was aware of what was occurring, stating, "...the municipal officers had had the decency to close the shutters and the commissioners kept them away from the windows...one of these officers told the king '...they are trying to show you the head of Madame de Lamballe'...Mercifully, the Queen then fainted away". 818:, because she was convinced that she risked mortal danger should she return to Paris. Other information, however, states that the will was made in the Austrian Netherlands, being dated "Aix la Chapelle, to-day the 15th October 1791. Marie Thérèse Louise de Savoie". She left Aix la Chapelle on 20 October and her arrival in Paris was announced in the Paris newspapers of 4 November. 581:. Marie Thérèse, as well as that of her sister-in-law, became inducted into the Freemasonic women's Adoption Lodge of St. Jean de la Candeur in 1777, and was made Grand Mistress of the Scottish Lodge in January 1781. Though Marie Antoinette did not become an official member, she was interested in Freemasonry and often asked Marie Thérèse of the Adoption Lodge. During the famous 689:

public with the king, as well as giving audience to the foreign envoys and the official deputations each week; all events in which Marie Thérèse, in her office of Superintendent, participated, being always seen at the queen's side both in public as well as in private. She accompanied the royal family to St. Cloud in the summer of 1790, and also attended the

756:; though the duke had often used Marie as an intermediary to the queen, he reportedly never quite trusted her, since he expected Marie Thérèse to blame him for encouraging the behaviour which caused the death of Marie Thérèse's late spouse, and when he was informed that she had ill will toward him during this affair, he reportedly broke with her. 374:, nursed by his spouse and sister. Marie Thérèse inherited her husband's considerable fortune, making her wealthy in her own right. Her father-in-law successfully persuaded her to abandon her wish to become a nun and instead stay with him as his daughter. She comforted him in his grief, and joined him in his extensive charitable projects at 842:, she was present in the company of the queen when a mob broke into the palace. Marie Antoinette immediately cried that her place was by the king's side, but Marie Thérèse then cried: "No, no, Madame, your place is with your children!", after which a table was pulled before her to protect her from the mob. Marie Thérèse, alongside 522:

Piedmontese, Madame de Lamballe is not at all identified with the interests of Mesdames de Provence and d'Artois. All the same, I have taken the precaution to point out to the Queen that her favour and goodness to the Princesse de Lamballe are somewhat excessive, in order to prevent abuse of them from that quarter.

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cleared Madame Campan from the charges. Madame Campan writes, "The Princesse then showed me a list of the names of all those employed about the Queen's chamber, and asked me for information concerning them. Fortunately, I had only favorable information to give, and she wrote down everything I told her."

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The treatment of her remains has also been the subject of many conflicting stories. After her death, her corpse was reportedly undressed, eviscerated and decapitated, with its head placed upon a pike. It is confirmed by several witnesses that her head was paraded through the streets on a pike and her

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were taken out to a courtyard with other prisoners, waiting to be taken to the tribunal. She was brought before a hastily assembled tribunal which demanded she "take an oath to love liberty and equality and to swear hatred to the King and the Queen and to the monarchy". She agreed to take the oath to

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Pauline de Tourzel was smuggled out of the prison, but her mother and Marie Thérèse were too famous to be smuggled out. Their escape would have risked attracting too much notice. Almost all women prisoners tried before the tribunals in the La Force prison were freed from charges. Indeed, not only the

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described how she was once interviewed by Marie Thérèse, who explained that she had been informed that Madame Campan had been receiving deputies in her room and that her loyalty toward the monarchy had been questioned, but that Marie Thérèse had investigated the accusations by use of spies, which had

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and a banquet, was held at the Savoyard royal court in Turin and attended by the King of Sardinia and his court. On 24 January, the bride crossed the bridge of Beauvoisin between Savoy and France, where she left her Italian entourage and was welcomed by her new French retinue, who escorted her to her

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Marie Antoinette and her family were not present in the room outside which the head was displayed at the time and thus did not see it. However, the wife of one of the prison officials, Madame Tison, saw it and screamed, upon which the crowd, hearing a woman scream from inside the Temple, assumed it

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There are many different variations of the exact manner of her death, which attracted great attention and were used in propaganda for many years after the Revolution, during which it was embellished and exaggerated. Some reports, for example, allege that she was raped, and her breasts sliced off in

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of the queen's wishes that they should remain in France out of loyalty. Marie Thérèse aroused the dislike of Mayor Pétion, who objected to the queen attending supper in Marie Thérèse's apartment, and widespread rumours claimed that the rooms of Marie Thérèse at the Tuileries Palace were the meeting

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The marriage was initially described as very happy, as both parties were attracted to each other's beauty; after only a few months, though, Louis Alexandre was unfaithful with two actresses, which reportedly devastated Marie Thérèse. She was comforted by her father-in-law, to whom she became close.

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While the procession of the head is not questioned, the reports regarding the treatment of her body have been questioned. Five citizens of the local section in Paris, Hervelin, Quervelle, Pouquet, Ferrie, and Roussel delivered her body (minus her head, which was still being displayed on a pike) to

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She was then quickly escorted by two guards to the door of the yard where the massacre was taking place; on her way there, the agents of her father-in-law followed and again encouraged her to swear the oath, but she appeared not to hear them. When the door was finally opened and she was exposed to

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Maria Thérèse was described as proud, sensitive, and with a delicate though irregular beauty. Not a wit and not one to participate in plots, she was able to amuse Marie Antoinette, but she was of a reclusive nature and preferred to spend time with the queen alone rather than to participate in high

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in Paris in October 1773. After her cousins had married Marie Antoinette's brothers-in-law, Marie Thérèse came to be treated by Marie Antoinette as a relation, and during these first years, the Counts and Countesses of Provence and Artois formed a circle of friends with Marie Antoinette and Marie

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She was long in doubt as to whether she would be in most use for the queen in or outside of France, and received conflicting advice: her friends M. de Clermont and M. de la Vaupalière encouraged her to return to the service of the queen, while her relatives asked her to return to Turin in Savoy.

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In the Tuileries Palace, the ritual court entertainments and representational life was to some level reinstated. As the king held his levées and couchers, the queen held a card party every Sunday and Tuesday, and held a court reception on Sundays and Thursdays before attending mass and dining in

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Some reports say that the head was brought to a nearby café where it was laid in front of the customers, who were asked to drink in celebration of her death. Some reports state that the head was taken to a barber in order to dress the hair to make it instantly recognizable, though this has been

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Her Majesty continually sees the Princesse de Lamballe in her rooms This lady joins to much sweetness a very sincere character, far from intrigue and all such worries. The Queen has conceived for some time a real friendship for this young Princess, and the choice is excellent, for although a

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During their stay in the clerk's box at the Legislative Assembly, Marie Thérèse became ill and had to be taken to the Feuillant convent; Marie Antoinette asked her not to return, but she nevertheless chose to return to the family as soon as she felt better. She also accompanied them from the

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had started to deteriorate. At this point, Marie Thérèse and her sister-in-law joined in with the Parliament to petition on behalf of the Duke of Orléans, who was exiled. In the spring of 1789, Marie Thérèse was present in Versailles to participate in the ceremonies around the opening of the

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to omit certain incidents from the memoirs he was about to publish, but Calonne was in fact not in England at that time. After the visit to England, Marie Thérèse's health improved considerably, and she was able to participate more at court, where the queen now gave her more affection again,

658:, Marie Thérèse was on a leisurely visit to Switzerland with her favourite lady-in-waiting, the Countess de Lâge, and when she returned to France in September, she stayed with her father-in-law in the countryside to nurse him while he was ill, and thus was not present at court during the 1099:

by saying that she had never lived there, but at the Tuileries or the Hôtel Louvois. When the carrier of the head, Charlat, entered an alehouse, leaving the head outside, one agent, Pointel, took the head and had it interred at the cemetery near the Hospital of the Quinze Vingts.

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that the two had been lovers, but the head was not allowed to be brought into the building. The crowd demanded to be allowed inside the Temple to show the head to Marie Antoinette in person, but the officers of the Temple managed to convince them not to break into the prison. In

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Back in the Tuileries Palace, Marie Thérèse resumed her office and her work rallying supporters for the queen, investigating the loyalty of the household and writing to the noble émigrées, asking them to return to France in the name of the queen. In February 1792, for example,

613:, to mesmerize her. She spent the summer of 1787 in England, advised by doctors to take the English waters in Bath to cure her health. This trip was much publicised as a secret diplomatic mission on behalf of the queen, with speculations that she was to ask the exiled minister 393:

and the dowager Princesse de Lamballe, Marie Thérèse. She, reportedly, preferred a queen who was young and beautiful but lacked ambition; who could attract and distract her father from state affairs, leaving them to Madame Adélaïde herself. The match was supported by the

918:, the prisons were attacked by mobs, and the prisoners were placed before hastily assembled people's tribunals, who judged and executed them summarily. Each prisoner was asked a handful of questions, after which the prisoner was either freed with the words " 457:

For some time past the Dauphine has shown a great affection for the Princesse de Lamballe. ... This young princess is sweet and amiable, and enjoying the privileges of a Princess of the Blood Royal, is in a position to avail herself of her Royal Highness's

732:'s departure from France and most others from the queen's intimate circle of friends, Marie Antoinette warned Marie Thérèse that she would, now in her visible role, attract much of the anger among the public toward the favourites of the queen, and that 1087:

were entertaining a party of Englishmen for supper. The Duke of Orléans reportedly commented "Oh, it is Lamballe's head: I know it by the long hair. Let us sit down to supper", while Buffon cried out "O God! They will carry my head like that someday!"

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Previously unwilling to entertain in the queen's name as her office required, during these years she entertained lavishly and widely in her office at the Tuileries Palace, where she hoped to gather loyal nobles to help the queen's cause, and her

534:, who was very approving of her friendship with Marie Thérèse: "Ah, sire, the Princesse de Lamballe's friendship is the charm of my life." Marie Thérèse welcomed her brothers at court, and upon the queen's wish, Marie Thérèse's favourite brother 448:. During 1771, the Duke de Penthiévre started to entertain more, among others the Crown Prince of Sweden and the King of Denmark; Marie Thérèse acted as his hostess and started to attend court more often, participating in the balls held by 877:

I was in the garden, near enough to offer my arm to Madame la Princesse de Lamballe, who was the most dejected and frightened of the party; she took it. Madame la Princesse de Lamballe said to me: "We shall never return to the

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addition to other bodily mutilations. There is, however, nothing to indicate that she was exposed to any sexual mutilations or atrocities, which was widely alleged in the sensationalist stories surrounding her infamous death.

2683: 971:" ("take madame away"). She was in the company of Madame de Tourzel until she was called into the tribunal, and the exact wording of the summary trial is stated to have consisted of the following swift interrogation: 452:

in the name of Marie Antoinette, who was reportedly charmed by Marie Thérèse and overwhelmed her with attention and affection that spectators did not fail to notice. In March 1771 the Austrian ambassador reported:

1095:, reportedly mixed in with the crowd in order to be able to gain possession of it. They averted the intentions of the crowd to display the remains before the home of Marie Thérèse and her father-in-law at the 608:

Marie Thérèse had suffered from weak health, which deteriorated so much during the mid-1780s that she was often unable to perform the duties of her office. At one occasion, she even engaged Deslon, a pupil of

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Marie Thérèse supported her sister-in-law, the Duchess of Orléans, when she filed for divorce from the Duke of Orléans, which has been viewed as a reason of discord between Marie Thérèse and the

398:. However, Marie Thérèse was not willing to encourage the match herself, and her former father-in-law, the Duke of Penthièvre, was not willing to consent. The marriage plan never materialised. 1005:" ("fear be damned") or "I am lost!", and fell back, but was pulled out into the front of the yard by the two guards. Reportedly, the agents of her father-in-law were among the crowd, crying " 5862: 212: 5561: 3301: 1579: 491:

Thérèse, and were known to have spent a lot of their time together, Marie Thérèse being described as almost constantly by Marie Antoinette's side. Marie Antoinette's mother,

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circulating openly in Paris would expose her to slander. Marie Thérèse reportedly read one of these volumes and was informed of the hostility voiced toward her in them.

592: 440:, arrived in France in 1770, she was presented to her along with the Dukes and Duchesses of Orléans, Chartres, Bourbon, and the other "Princes of the Blood" with her 323:

as a suitable match as both the bride and the groom were members of the collateral branch of both ruling families, and it was accepted by her family because the

3426: 931: 843: 5428: 3770: 1043:". This procession was witnessed by a M. de Lamotte, who purchased a strand of her hair which he later gave to her father-in-law, as well as by the brother of 486:, attending the supper after. In November 1773, another one of her cousins married the third prince, the Count of Artois, and she was present at the birth of 248:, the heir to the greatest fortune in France. After her marriage, which lasted a year, she went to the French royal court and became the confidante of Queen 5802: 826:

was convinced to remain in France rather than emigrating after having met the queen in the apartment of Marie Thérèse, who then informed him and his spouse

288:. At her birth, it is said that many civilians lined the streets, cheering and singing over the birth of Maria Teresa. Little is known about her childhood. 6592: 3416: 6824: 3914: 2179: 6214: 5115: 5070: 4977: 4924: 4855: 4725: 4699: 4616: 4513: 4440: 499:

friends of royalty in general, though Marie Thérèse was, because of her rank, regarded as an acceptable choice, if such an intimate friend was needed.

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The agents of her father-in-law, who had been tasked with acquiring her remains and having them temporarily buried until they could be interred in

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On 18 September 1775, following the ascension of Marie Antoinette's husband to the throne in May 1774, Marie Antoinette appointed Marie Thérèse "

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Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans

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Empress Maria Theresa tried to discourage the friendship out of fear that Maria Thérèse, as a former Princess of Savoy, would try to benefit

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After Marie Antoinette became queen, her intimate friendship with Marie Thérèse was given greater attention, and Ambassador Mercy reported:

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at the same time as two valets and three female servants, as it was decided that the family should not be allowed to keep their retainers.

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in February, where she made a favourable impression. In France, she adopted the French version of her name, Marie Thérèse Louise.

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Marie Thérèse was by nature reserved and, at court, she had the reputation of being a prude. However, in popular anti-monarchist

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reported her departure and it was widely believed that she had gone to England for a diplomatic mission on behalf of the queen.

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According to the author, "…Her heartbroken father-in-law finally succeeded in retrieving her corpse and had it interred in the

993:"I have nothing more to say; it is indifferent to me if I die a little earlier or later; I have made the sacrifice of my life." 706: 503: 3411: 5685: 5624: 5582: 5413: 3866: 3538: 3096: 3034: 2712: 2213: 1543: 1459: 1395: 1243: 285: 281: 201: 6587: 6131: 5639: 4191: 3406: 1108: 1080: 414: 6920: 6048: 5465: 5358: 4282: 3544: 2930: 2925: 5338: 7030: 6562: 6517: 5690: 4842: 4603: 3858: 3442: 3224: 2799: 1127:

The Princesse de Lamballe has been portrayed in several films and miniseries. Two of the more notable portrayals were by

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In 1768, at the age of 19, having been married for just a year, Marie Thérèse became a widow when her husband died of a

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Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living

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in the Tuileries Palace, in level with the queen's, and except for brief visits to her father-in-law or her villa in

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was Marie Antoinette. Those who were carrying it wished her to kiss the lips of her favourite, as it was a frequent

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contested. Following this, the head was put on the pike again and paraded beneath Marie Antoinette's window at the

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On 7 October 1789, she was informed of the events of the Revolution and immediately joined the royal family in the

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liberty but refused to denounce the king, queen, and monarchy. Her trial was summarily ended with the words "

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at La Salpetriere; the purpose of this visit is unknown, but it created widespread rumours at the time.

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In parallel, she also investigated the loyalty among the court staff through a network of informers.

713:. It was reportedly in the apartment of Marie Thérèse that the queen had her political meetings with 6724: 6269: 6101: 5877: 5258: 855: 779:

in the Austrian Netherlands, where she arrived on 26 June. She continued to Brussels, where she met

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interest through the queen. During her first year as queen, Marie Antoinette reportedly said to her

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Imbert de Saint-Amand, Arthur; Léon Imbert de Saint-Amand; Elizabeth Gilbert Martin (1901).

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place of an 'Austrian Committee' plotting to encourage the invasion of France, a second

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appreciating Marie Thérèse's loyalty after the friendship between Marie Antoinette and

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In 1775, however, Marie Thérèse was gradually replaced in her position as favourite by

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Marie Thérèse continued her services to the queen until the attack on the palace on

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and the Count and Countess de Provence, and then to Aix-la-Chapelle. She visited

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Marie Thérèse had a role to play in royal ceremonies, and when the new dauphine,

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for a few days in September, and received him in Aix in October. In Paris, the

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Marie Antoinette's Confidante: The Rise and Fall of the Princesse de Lamballe

2617:] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 98. 2189:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 105–106. 2174: 1152: 1112: 1052: 694: 662:, which took place on 5 October 1789, when she was with her father-in-law in 574: 492: 6314: 585:, Marie Thérèse was seen in an unsuccessful attempt to visit the imprisoned 6855: 6800: 6714: 6669: 6497: 6379: 6171: 5328: 5313: 5283: 1128: 1076: 990:"Readily to the former; but I cannot to the latter: it is not in my heart." 954: 873:. M. de la Rochefoucauld was present during this occasion and recollected: 788: 610: 597: 6709: 6567: 6457: 6234: 6204: 5353: 4673: 4466: 635: 578: 375: 6807: 2582: 2556: 930:, but also five other women of the royal household: the lady-in-waiting 495:, somewhat disliked the attachment, because she disliked favourites and 6613: 6452: 6068: 5423: 3898: 2180:"Lamballe, Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy-Carignano, Princesse de" 1142: 1116: 1060: 815: 784: 631: 6320: 2738: 2684:

Works by or about Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse de Lamballe

984:"Had you any knowledge of the plots of the court on the 10th August?'" 907:, where they were allowed to share a cell. They were removed from the 705:

came to serve as a meeting place for the queen and the members of the

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Legislative Assembly to the Feuillant convent, and from there to the

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After this, the head and the corpse were taken by the crowd to the

390: 320: 3792: 988:"Swear to Liberty and Equality, and hatred of the King and Queen." 958:

A propaganda engraving of the death of Princesse de Lamballe, 1792

1810: 1193:

Ancestors of Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse de Lamballe

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in England, where she stayed for one night before continuing to

709:, many of whom the queen wished to win over to the cause of the 673:

in Paris, where she reassumed the duties of her office. She and

482:, and was there presented by the king to her cousin, the future 466:

mentions Marie Thérèse's presence in the chapel at high mass on

1580:

Maximilian Karl Albert, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort

1001:

the sight of bloody corpses in the yard, she reportedly cried "

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and the Duke de Penthièvre. In May 1771, Marie Thérèse went to

5863:

François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt

5797: 2675:

Works by Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse de Lamballe

2160:

The Wicked Queen: The Origins of the Myth of Marie-Antoinette

1092: 772: 682: 105: 85: 2541:. University of Michigan: George H. Doran Company. pp. 903:

were separated from the royal family and transferred to the

542:. Later, Marie Thérèse was also granted the governorship of 474:

was present, accompanied by the royal family, including the

286:

Landgravine Christine Henriette of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg

232:; 8 September 1749 – 3 September 1792) was a member of the 5837: 2446:

Glory and Terror: Seven Deaths Under the French Revolution

538:

was granted a lucrative post with his own regiment in the

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The marriage was arranged after it had been suggested by

296:

On 31 January 1767, Maria Teresa was married by proxy to

946:

The murder of Princesse de Lamballe, from an etching by

272:

in Turin. She was the sixth child and fifth daughter of

3316: 2696: 2519:. Harvard University: D Appleton & Co. p. 294. 2270: 2253:. New York Public Library: C. Scribner's sons. p. 268:

Maria Teresa Luisa was born on 8 September 1749 at the

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During her stay at a house that she had rented in the

351:. She was introduced to the French royal court at the 1762: 1738: 642:

lover to undermine the public image of the monarchy.

6593:

List of people associated with the French Revolution

3235:

Princess Maria Beatrice, Mrs Reyna-Corvalán y Dillon

2140: 2128: 2116: 2104: 2092: 2080: 2068: 2020: 1702: 1700: 1163:. She is also mentioned in the 1905 children's book 932:

Louise-Emmanuelle de Châtillon, Princesse de Tarente

222:

Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse de Lamballe

6825:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

3915:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

2056: 2044: 2032: 2008: 1996: 1972: 1960: 1945: 1039:

body dragged after by a crowd of people shrieking "

3230:Princess Maria Gabriella, Mrs Zellinger de Balkany 2468: 2201: 1798: 1786: 1774: 1750: 850:, the Duchess de Maillé, Madame de Laroche-Aymon, 2652:La Princesse de Lamballe (Présence de l'histoire) 1726: 1697: 764:Marie Thérèse was not informed beforehand of the 381:In 1768, after the death of Marie Leczinska, The 6902: 5751:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen 1159:, which began airing in 2022, she is played by 982:"Superintendent of the Household to the Queen." 926:former royal governesses Madame de Tourzel and 3793:Significant civil and political events by year 2299:La Princesse de Lamballe, mourir pour la Reine 122:Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, Prince de Lamballe 3680: 3302: 2754: 302:Louis de Bourbon-Toulouse, Duke of Penthièvre 6846: 6805: 6781: 6762: 5746:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick 3071:Maria Carolina, Electoral Princess of Saxony 2250:Marie Antoinette at the Tuileries, 1789–1791 1486:Ernest Leopold, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg 634:of the time, she was regularly portrayed in 327:had long wished for an alliance between the 4433: 3600:Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon-Penthièvre 3326:The generations start from the children of 3171:Bona Margherita, Princess Konrad of Bavaria 2271:Lever, Evelyne; Catherine Temerson (2001). 5950:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth 3687: 3673: 3633:Princess Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily 3309: 3295: 2936:Louise, Hereditary Princess of Baden-Baden 2761: 2747: 2404: 2367: 2365: 2337: 2274:Marie Antoinette: The Last Queen of France 1364:Maria Vittoria di Savoia, Marquise of Susa 1107:Her body, like that of her brother-in-law 978:"Marie Thérèse Louise, Princess of Savoy." 828:Victoire de Donnissan de La Rochejaquelein 274:Louis Victor of Savoy, Prince of Carignano 192:Louis Victor of Savoy, Prince of Carignano 54: 6215:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau 5873:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau 5696:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany 3612:Princess Maria Fortunata d'Este of Modena 3330:, from whom are descended all legitimate 3102:Maria Cristina, Queen of the Two Sicilies 2916:Luisa Cristina, Princess Maurice of Savoy 2649: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2169: 2167: 1606:Eleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort 6647: 3931:Nationalization of the Church properties 2926:Henriette Adelaide, Electress of Bavaria 2693:The Queen's Crony: Princesse de Lamballe 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2400: 2398: 2333: 2331: 2173: 1176: 1020: 953: 941: 748:, by Louis-Édouard Rioult (c. 1790–1855) 740: 591: 552: 424: 6876:Historiography of the French Revolution 6147:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville 5858:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette 3355:Françoise de Valois, Duchesse d'Alençon 3240:Margherita, Archduchess of Austria-Este 3209:Maria Francesca, Princess Luis of Parma 2900:Isabella, Hereditary Princess of Modena 2768: 2534: 2371: 2362: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2199: 2193: 1218:Emmanuel Philibert, Prince of Carignano 1016: 962:On 3 September 1792, Marie Thérèse and 835:and the destruction of the Revolution. 504:Superintendent of the Queen's Household 166:Marie Thérèse Louise de Savoie-Carignan 136: 1767; died 1768) 14: 6996:People killed in the French Revolution 6903: 5883:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord 5838:Other significant figures and factions 3652:in her own right as well as wife of a 3035:Maria Anna Victoria, Duchess in Saxony 2721:Surintendante de la Maison de la Reine 2658: 2654:(in French). Perrin. pp. 246–265. 2633:The Princesse de Lamballe; a biography 2463: 2452: 2164: 2038: 1936:The Princesse de Lamballe; a biography 1559: 1439: 1435: 1425: 1422:Princess Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy 1317: 1207: 1203: 638:pamphlets, showing her as the queen's 596:Portrait of Marie Thérèse in 1788, by 429:Portrait of Marie Thérèse in 1779, by 357:Maria Fortunata, Countess de La Marche 240:. She was married at the age of 17 to 158:Maria Teresa Luisa di Savoia-Carignano 6751: 6646: 5930:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy 5836: 5686:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez 5625:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 5583:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth 5186: 4432: 4063:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary 3791: 3694: 3668: 3328:François de Bourbon, Count of Vendôme 3290: 3194:Princess Yolanda, Countess of Bergolo 3056:Marie Joséphine, Countess of Provence 2921:Margherita Violante, Duchess of Parma 2742: 2630: 2428: 2395: 2328: 2146: 2134: 2122: 2110: 2098: 2086: 2074: 2062: 2050: 2026: 2014: 2002: 1990: 1978: 1966: 1954: 1804: 1792: 1780: 1768: 1756: 1744: 1732: 1706: 1635: 1625: 1621: 1609: 1603: 1593: 1577: 1567: 1563: 1547: 1541: 1531: 1515: 1505: 1501: 1489: 1483: 1473: 1460:William, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg 1457: 1447: 1443: 1419: 1409: 1393: 1383: 1379: 1367: 1361: 1351: 1335: 1325: 1321: 1305: 1299: 1289: 1273: 1263: 1259: 1247: 1244:Victor Amadeus I, Prince of Carignano 1241: 1231: 1215: 1211: 771:She departed France from Boulogne to 759: 654:in July 1789 and the outbreak of the 546:for her brother-in-law by the queen. 298:Louis Alexandre de Bourbon-Penthièvre 242:Louis Alexandre de Bourbon-Penthièvre 202:Princess Christine of Hesse-Rotenburg 6084:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux 5496:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno 5187: 4283:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III 3545:Princess Caroline of Hesse-Rotenburg 3225:Maria Pia, Princess Michael of Parma 3112:Maria Vittoria, Countess of Syracuse 2635:. Project Gutenberg. pp. 5–31. 2222: 645: 338:The wedding by proxy, followed by a 7041:People from the Kingdom of Sardinia 6752: 5691:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth 3443:Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency 3422:Louise Marguerite de Lorraine-Guise 3412:Charlotte Catherine de La Trémoille 3318:Princesses of the Blood by marriage 2663:. Pen and Sword History. p. 7. 897:Louise-Élisabeth de Croÿ de Tourzel 867:Louise-Élisabeth de Croÿ de Tourzel 506:", the highest rank possible for a 24: 6881:Influence of the French Revolution 6871:Symbolism in the French Revolution 5635:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen 5596:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc 3851:Convocation of the Estates General 3051:Princess Maria Elisabetta Carlotta 3019:Princess Maria Vittoria Margherita 2978:Maria Adelaide, Dauphine of France 2946:Marie Françoise, Queen of Portugal 2513:Hardy, Blanche Christabel (1908). 1396:Jeanne Baptiste d'Albert de Luynes 895:On 19 August 1792, Marie Thérèse, 420: 278:King Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia 25: 7052: 6523:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes 6255:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville 5557:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen 5339:François Christophe de Kellermann 4578:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees) 3617:Maria Luisa, Princess of Lamballe 3567:Louise Henriette de Bourbon-Conti 3550:Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon-Condé 3381:Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of Navarre 3144:Maria Clotilde, Princess Napoléon 3107:Elisabeth, Archduchess of Austria 3087:Maria Beatrice, Duchess of Modena 3029:Maria Luisa, Princess of Lamballe 2988:Anne Thérèse, Princess of Soubise 2895:Margherita, Vicereine of Portugal 2816:Margherita, Countess of Saint-Pol 2713:Marie Anne de Bourbon (1697–1741) 2668: 2414:. Arcade Publishing. p. 31. 2378:The Days of the French Revolution 1302:Louis Victor, Prince of Carignano 1026:Death of the Princess de Lamballe 685:, she settled there permanently. 7016:Violence against women in France 6976:Italian people of French descent 6951:French people of Italian descent 6250:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai 6157:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours 6127:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot 6018:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière 5796: 5761: 5731: 5706: 5663: 5537: 5414:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise 5195: 3967:Civil Constitution of the Clergy 3364: 3177:Adelaide, Princess Leone Massimo 3061:Maria Teresa, Countess of Artois 2523:Penthièvre family crypt at Dreux 2501:Ils sont blanchis par le malheur 1185:of Savoy as Princess of Lamballe 1111:, was never found. According to 1032:Musée de la Révolution française 995:"Let Madame be set at liberty." 308:, thus making him a grandson of 211: 6588:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil 6335:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne 6260:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas 5471:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier 5466:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer 5446:Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon 5274:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine 4192:Marie Antoinette is guillotined 3459:Claire-Clémence de Maillé-Brézé 3391:Françoise d'Orléans-Longueville 3066:Maria Anna, Duchess of Chablais 2624: 2601: 2575: 2549: 2538:The Romance of Madame Tussaud's 2535:Tussaud, John Theodore (1920). 2528: 2506: 2493: 2319: 2291: 2277:. Macmillan. pp. 282–283. 2264: 2240: 2152: 1638:Khuen of Lichtenberg and Belasi 1028:, by Leon Maxime Faivre in 1908 890: 133: 6931:French counter-revolutionaries 6861:Women in the French Revolution 6463:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien 5640:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló 5304:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino 4933:French invasion of Switzerland 3498:Marie Thérèse de Bourbon-Condé 3204:Giovanna, Tsaritsa of Bulgaria 3097:Maria Teresa, Duchess of Parma 3092:Maria Anna, Empress of Austria 2941:Marie Jeanne, Duchess of Savoy 1712: 1085:Marguerite Françoise de Buffon 833:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre 746:Portrait of Madame de Lamballe 583:Affair of the Diamond Necklace 557:Portrait of Marie Thérèse, by 389:supported a match between her 29:Maria Luisa Gabriella of Savoy 18:Princess Marie Louise of Savoy 13: 1: 7026:Household of Marie Antoinette 6866:Incroyables and merveilleuses 6685:Pierre Claude François Daunou 6473:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé 5604:Maximilian Baillet de Latour 5575:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze 4872:Naval Engagement off Brittany 4625:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies 4599:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees) 4408:Constitution of the Year VIII 4143:Committee of General Security 4028:National Legislative Assembly 3883:National Constituent Assembly 3515:Louise Françoise de Bourbon, 3199:Mafalda, Landgravine of Hesse 3024:Leopoldina, Princess of Melfi 2471:Marie Antoinette: The Journey 1686: 1518:Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort 1338:Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia 1070:Marie Antoinette: The Journey 840:Demonstration of 20 June 1792 707:National Constituent Assembly 677:shared the apartments of the 42:Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy 6784:Liberté, égalité, fraternité 6578:Charles Alexandre de Calonne 6468:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé 6365:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte 6265:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier 5955:Charles Malo François Lameth 5630:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich 5461:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr 5404:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey 4604:Second Battle of Wissembourg 4291:Constitution of the Year III 3149:Maria Pia, Queen of Portugal 2800:Margherita, Duchess of Anjou 2338:de Baecque, Antoine (2002). 2237:, New York: G. A. S. Wieners 1691: 1636:15. Countess Maria Polyxena 1544:Christine of Hesse-Rotenburg 1276:Maria Angela Caterina d'Este 1115:, she was ordered to make a 306:Princess Maria Teresa d'Este 7: 6921:18th-century Italian people 6680:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb 6305:Antoine Christophe Saliceti 6240:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois 6200:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just 6079:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet 6064:Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve 6059:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud 5868:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier 5721:William V, Prince of Orange 4591:First Battle of Wissembourg 4548:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793) 4264:Closing of the Jacobin Club 4133:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794) 4090:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795) 3950:Abolition of the Parlements 3923:Women's March on Versailles 3539:Marie Anne de Bourbon-Conti 3334:after the death in 1627 of 2983:Maria Luisa, Queen of Spain 2931:Princess Catherine Beatrice 1516:13. Princess Maria Anna of 1172: 1155:. In the television series 1122: 660:Women's March on Versailles 401:Marie Thérèse lived at the 291: 254:massacres of September 1792 10: 7057: 7031:18th-century Italian women 6815:French Republican calendar 6370:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel 5995:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac 5349:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos 5299:Charles François Dumouriez 5289:Jacques François Dugommier 5103:League of Armed Neutrality 4936:(28 January – 17 May 1798) 4888:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz 4711:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795) 4690:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795) 4354:Second Congress of Rastatt 4138:Committee of Public Safety 4125:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795) 3362: 3257:Princess Vittoria of Savoy 3154:Margherita, Queen of Italy 2847:Louise, Duchess of Nemours 2821:Charlotte, Queen of France 2650:de Decker, Michel (1979). 2204:The Royal Crescent in Bath 1553: 1437: 1311: 1205: 411:Mademoiselle de Penthièvre 314:Louis Alexandre de Bourbon 252:. She was murdered in the 26: 7036:18th-century French women 6830:Cult of the Supreme Being 6758: 6747: 6653: 6642: 6601: 6435: 6428: 6313: 6170: 6092: 6003: 5990:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard 5896: 5845:Patriotic Society of 1789 5843: 5832: 5794: 5759: 5729: 5704: 5661: 5648:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf 5570:Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg 5535: 5526: 5504: 5209: 5193: 5182: 5151: 5114: 5087:Convention of Alessandria 5069: 4976: 4923: 4854: 4724: 4698: 4615: 4512: 4439: 4428: 4384: 4373:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI 4365: 4338: 4275: 4211: 4106: 4039: 3988: 3942: 3834:What Is the Third Estate? 3825: 3798: 3787: 3702: 3646: 3625: 3592: 3559: 3526: 3507: 3477: 3451: 3435: 3399: 3373: 3347: 3324: 3265: 3249: 3217: 3186: 3163: 3136: 3120: 3079: 3043: 2996: 2970: 2954: 2908: 2887: 2871: 2855: 2834: 2808: 2792: 2776: 2729: 2717: 2709: 2704: 2516:The Princesse de Lamballe 2475:. Anchor Books. pp. 2348:. Routledge. p. 79. 2200:Lowndes, William (1981). 1623: 1615: 1587: 1565: 1561: 1525: 1503: 1495: 1467: 1445: 1441: 1403: 1381: 1373: 1345: 1323: 1319: 1283: 1261: 1253: 1225: 1209: 1068:'s historical biography, 1041:La Lamballe! La Lamballe! 928:Marie Angélique de Mackau 852:Marie Angélique de Mackau 814:, the princess wrote her 785:King Gustav III of Sweden 282:Jeanne d'Albert de Luynes 276:, a maternal grandson of 207: 197: 187: 175: 152: 147: 143: 115: 95: 68: 53: 46: 41: 7001:People murdered in Paris 6961:French suo jure nobility 6538:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target 6503:Joséphine de Beauharnais 6385:Stanislas-Marie Maillard 6355:François-Nicolas Vincent 6340:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette 5514:Charles-Alexandre Linois 5409:Jean Victor Marie Moreau 5389:François Séverin Marceau 5369:François Joseph Lefebvre 5264:Jean-Étienne Championnet 5239:Louis-Alexandre Berthier 5234:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte 5229:Alexandre de Beauharnais 5219:Eustache Charles d'Aoust 4941:French Invasion of Egypt 4819:Second Battle of Bassano 4553:Battle of Kaiserslautern 4327:Conspiracy of the Equals 4020:The Constitution of 1791 3891:Storming of the Bastille 3386:Eléanor de Roucy de Roye 2233:Bertin, Georges (1901). 2158:Thomas, Chantel (1989). 937: 652:Storming of the Bastille 263: 27:Not to be confused with 7021:French royal favourites 7011:Princesses of the Blood 6971:Italian Roman Catholics 6518:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray 6390:Charles-Philippe Ronsin 6350:Antoine-François Momoro 6345:Charles-Philippe Ronsin 6162:François de Neufchâteau 6112:Charles-François Lebrun 6054:Jean Baptiste Treilhard 5935:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas 5811:Luis Firmin de Carvajal 5617:Rudolf Ritter von Otto 5612:Karl Mack von Leiberich 5244:Jean-Baptiste Bessières 5058:Second Battle of Zurich 4949:Irish Rebellion of 1798 4795:First Battle of Bassano 4633:Second Battle of Boulou 4434:Revolutionary campaigns 4392:Coup of 30 Prairial VII 4307:Council of Five Hundred 4095:First republic declared 4031:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792) 4012:Declaration of Pillnitz 3736:Constitutional monarchy 3578:Maria Caterina Brignole 3490:Marie Anne de Bourbon, 3277:Princess of Savoy-Aosta 3270:Princess of Savoy-Genoa 3014:Princess Maria Felicita 2732:None; office abolished. 2724:to the Queen of France 2381:. Morrow. p. 175. 2186:Encyclopædia Britannica 372:Château de Louveciennes 6956:French Roman Catholics 6847: 6806: 6782: 6763: 6275:Prieur de la Côte-d'Or 6270:Jean-Pierre-André Amar 6180:Maximilien Robespierre 6013:Jacques Pierre Brissot 5878:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès 5309:Louis-Charles de Flers 5294:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas 5259:Jean François Carteaux 5034:First Battle of Zurich 4997:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799) 4952:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798) 4912:Treaty of Campo Formio 4658:Glorious First of June 4586:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793) 4545:Expedition to Sardinia 4223:Desmoulins guillotined 4158:Assassination of Marat 4150:Fall of the Girondists 4122:Revolutionary Tribunal 4114:Execution of Louis XVI 4004:Champ de Mars massacre 3907:Abolition of Feudalism 3583:Louise Diane d'Orléans 3534:Auguste of Baden-Baden 3485:Princess Palatine Anne 2826:Bona, Duchess of Milan 1186: 1035: 998: 959: 951: 880: 856:Renée Suzanne de Soucy 824:Louis Marie de Lescure 749: 605: 562: 524: 460: 433: 431:Marie-Victoire Lemoine 407:Château de Rambouillet 229: 165: 157: 62:Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun 6946:French murder victims 6720:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 5985:Jean-Charles Pichegru 5965:Jean-François Rewbell 5451:Jean-Charles Pichegru 5334:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan 5324:Jacques Maurice Hatry 5095:Battle of Hohenlinden 4968:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798) 4803:Battle of Emmendingen 4750:Battle of Castiglione 4637:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794) 4568:Battle of Hondschoote 4239:Thermidorian Reaction 4203:(throughout the year) 3976:Fête de la Fédération 3902:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789) 3886:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791) 3870:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790) 3650:princess of the Blood 3464:Anna Maria Martinozzi 2659:Walton, Geri (2020). 1933:Hardy, B. C. (1908). 1180: 1024: 973: 957: 945: 875: 744: 691:Fête de la Fédération 595: 556: 519: 455: 428: 387:Madame Marie Adélaïde 48:Princesse de Lamballe 36:Princesse de Lamballe 6926:Dukes of Rambouillet 6648:Influential thinkers 6395:Jean-François Varlet 6295:Jean-Lambert Tallien 6290:Jean Bon Saint-André 6117:Pierre-Joseph Cambon 6039:Marquis de Condorcet 5888:Nicolas de Condorcet 5653:Dagobert von Wurmser 5486:Louis-Gabriel Suchet 5429:Pierre-Jacques Osten 5344:Jean-Baptiste Kléber 5279:Louis-Nicolas Davout 5269:Chapuis de Tourville 4811:Battle of Schliengen 4758:Battle of Theiningen 4679:Battle of Aldenhoven 4563:Battle of Wattignies 4532:Battle of Neerwinden 4346:Coup of 18 Fructidor 3859:Death of the Dauphin 3009:Princess Maria Luisa 2499:de Decker, chapter " 2443:Antoine De Baecque, 2373:Hibbert, Christopher 1017:Treatment of remains 871:Legislative Assembly 730:Duchesse de Polignac 602:Liechtenstein Museum 571:Duchesse de Polignac 567:Yolande de Polastron 484:Comtesse de Provence 353:Palace of Versailles 236:cadet branch of the 7006:Princesses of Savoy 6991:Nobility from Turin 6735:Mary Wollstonecraft 6513:Jean Sylvain Bailly 6300:Pierre Louis Prieur 6245:Jean-Henri Voulland 6220:Jacques-Louis David 6152:Jean Joseph Mounier 5853:Jean Sylvain Bailly 5491:Belgrand de Vaubois 5379:Jean-Antoine Marbot 5319:Emmanuel de Grouchy 5124:Treaty of Lunéville 4763:Battle of Neresheim 4708:Siege of Luxembourg 4687:Siege of Luxembourg 4642:Battle of Tourcoing 4573:Siege of Bellegarde 4400:Coup of 18 Brumaire 4312:Council of Ancients 4087:National Convention 4079:September Massacres 4055:Brunswick Manifesto 4047:France declares war 3814:Assembly of Vizille 3655:prince of the Blood 3517:légitimée de France 3492:légitimée de France 2770:Princesses of Savoy 2631:Hardy, B.C (1908). 2411:Blood of Revolution 2297:de Decker, Michel, 2208:. Redcliffe Press. 916:September Massacres 844:Princess de Tarente 312:'s legitimised son 90:Kingdom of Sardinia 6941:French monarchists 6573:Loménie de Brienne 6548:Madame de Lamballe 6483:Napoléon Bonaparte 6280:Prieur de la Marne 6195:Camille Desmoulins 6049:Marie Jean Hérault 5925:Jean-Sifrein Maury 5920:Arnaud de La Porte 5776:Alexander Korsakov 5562:Count of Clerfayt 5481:Jean-de-Dieu Soult 5394:Auguste de Marmont 5249:Napoléon Bonaparte 5140:Algeciras campaign 5132:Treaty of Florence 5010:Battle of Stockach 4843:Ireland expedition 4827:Battle of Calliano 4787:Battle of Rovereto 4779:Battle of Würzburg 4231:Law of 22 Prairial 4200:Anti-clerical laws 4175:The Death of Marat 3996:Flight to Varennes 3638:Charlotte de Rohan 3606:Bathilde d'Orléans 3573:Charlotte de Rohan 3340:Montpensier branch 2325:de Decker, p. 246. 2235:Madame de Lamballe 1187: 1161:Jasmine Blackborow 1036: 980:"Your employment?" 960: 952: 901:Pauline de Tourzel 793:Chronique de Paris 766:Flight to Varennes 760:Flight to Varennes 750: 697:in Paris in July. 606: 587:Jeanne de la Motte 563: 450:Madame de Noailles 434: 415:Philippe d'Orléans 300:. He was a son of 246:Prince de Lamballe 230:Maria Teresa Luisa 6936:French Freemasons 6898: 6897: 6894: 6893: 6772:Cockade of France 6743: 6742: 6705:Antoine Lavoisier 6695:Benjamin Franklin 6675:Anacharsis Cloots 6638: 6637: 6634: 6633: 6558:Louis de Breteuil 6400:Theophile Leclerc 5828: 5827: 5824: 5823: 5781:Alexander Suvorov 5522: 5521: 5456:Józef Poniatowski 5374:Étienne Macdonald 5178: 5177: 5079:Battle of Marengo 5042:Battle of Trebbia 5026:Battle of Cassano 5018:Battle of Magnano 5002:Battle of Ostrach 4904:Battle of Neuwied 4666:Battle of Fleurus 4650:Battle of Tournay 4527:War in the Vendée 4463:Royalist Revolts 4424: 4423: 3981: 3957:Abolition of the 3875:Tennis Court Oath 3867:National Assembly 3696:French Revolution 3662: 3661: 3284: 3283: 3279: 3272: 3004:Princess Eleonora 2737: 2736: 2730:Succeeded by 2679:Project Gutenberg 2449:, Routledge, 2003 2346:Charlotte Mandell 2303:Élargissez madame 2215:978-0-905459-34-9 1993:, pp. 76–80. 1941:Project Gutenberg 1771:, pp. 24–25. 1683: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1166:A Little Princess 1145:in the 2006 film 1097:Hôtel de Toulouse 964:Madame de Tourzel 848:Madame de Tourzel 679:Pavillon de Flore 656:French Revolution 646:French Revolution 540:French Royal Army 464:Gazette de France 405:in Paris and the 403:Hôtel de Toulouse 349:Chateau de Nangis 284:. Her mother was 280:and his mistress 270:Palazzo Carignano 258:French Revolution 219: 218: 171: 170: 82:Palazzo Carignano 16:(Redirected from 7048: 6986:Murdered royalty 6966:House of Bourbon 6852: 6840:Temple of Reason 6811: 6787: 6768: 6749: 6748: 6700:Thomas Jefferson 6644: 6643: 6563:de Chateaubriand 6493:Joseph Bonaparte 6488:Lucien Bonaparte 6478:Marie Antoinette 6433: 6432: 6420:Sylvain Maréchal 6375:François Hanriot 6210:Louis Philippe I 6137:Louis Philippe I 6132:Philippe Égalité 6074:Olympe de Gouges 6044:Charlotte Corday 6034:Étienne Clavière 5834: 5833: 5816:Antonio Ricardos 5801: 5800: 5786:Andrei Rosenberg 5766: 5765: 5736: 5735: 5711: 5710: 5681:Ralph Abercromby 5668: 5667: 5643: 5620: 5607: 5599: 5591: 5578: 5565: 5542: 5541: 5533: 5532: 5437: 5384:Marcellin Marbot 5207: 5206: 5200: 5199: 5188:Military leaders 5184: 5183: 5171: 5163: 5159:Treaty of Amiens 5144: 5136: 5128: 5107: 5099: 5091: 5083: 5062: 5061:(25–26 Sep 1799) 5054: 5046: 5045:(17–20 Jun 1799) 5038: 5030: 5029:(27–28 Apr 1799) 5022: 5014: 5006: 5005:(20–21 Mar 1799) 4998: 4990: 4986:Second Coalition 4969: 4961: 4953: 4945: 4937: 4916: 4908: 4900: 4896:Treaty of Leoben 4892: 4884: 4883:(14–15 Jan 1797) 4880:Battle of Rivoli 4876: 4868: 4864:Italian campaign 4847: 4839: 4838:(15–17 Nov 1796) 4835:Battle of Arcole 4831: 4823: 4815: 4807: 4799: 4791: 4783: 4775: 4771:Battle of Amberg 4767: 4754: 4746: 4742:Battle of Lonato 4738: 4734:Italian campaign 4712: 4691: 4683: 4670: 4662: 4654: 4646: 4638: 4629: 4608: 4607:(26–27 Dec 1793) 4595: 4587: 4549: 4541: 4537:Battle of Famars 4505: 4430: 4429: 4412: 4404: 4396: 4377: 4358: 4350: 4331: 4323: 4303: 4295: 4287: 4268: 4260: 4252: 4243: 4235: 4227: 4204: 4196: 4188: 4180: 4170: 4162: 4154: 4134: 4126: 4118: 4099: 4091: 4083: 4075: 4067: 4059: 4051: 4032: 4024: 4016: 4008: 4000: 3999:(20–21 Jun 1791) 3979: 3971: 3963: 3954: 3935: 3927: 3919: 3911: 3903: 3895: 3887: 3879: 3871: 3863: 3855: 3847: 3839: 3818: 3810: 3806:Day of the Tiles 3789: 3788: 3689: 3682: 3675: 3666: 3665: 3427:Anne de Montafié 3417:Jeanne de Coëmes 3368: 3336:Marie de Bourbon 3311: 3304: 3297: 3288: 3287: 3274: 3267: 2763: 2756: 2749: 2740: 2739: 2710:Preceded by 2702: 2701: 2688:Internet Archive 2664: 2655: 2646: 2619: 2618: 2605: 2599: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2585:Marie Antoinette 2579: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2559:Marie Antoinette 2553: 2547: 2546: 2532: 2526: 2520: 2510: 2504: 2497: 2491: 2490: 2474: 2461: 2450: 2441: 2426: 2425: 2406:Durschmied, Erik 2402: 2393: 2392: 2369: 2360: 2359: 2344:. Translated by 2341:Glory and Terror 2335: 2326: 2323: 2317: 2315: 2295: 2289: 2288: 2268: 2262: 2261: 2244: 2238: 2231: 2220: 2219: 2207: 2197: 2191: 2190: 2182: 2171: 2162: 2156: 2150: 2144: 2138: 2132: 2126: 2120: 2114: 2108: 2102: 2096: 2090: 2084: 2078: 2072: 2066: 2060: 2054: 2048: 2042: 2036: 2030: 2024: 2018: 2012: 2006: 2000: 1994: 1988: 1982: 1976: 1970: 1964: 1958: 1952: 1943: 1931: 1808: 1802: 1796: 1790: 1784: 1778: 1772: 1766: 1760: 1754: 1748: 1747:, p. 15–16. 1742: 1736: 1730: 1724: 1723: 1716: 1710: 1704: 1199: 1198: 1190: 1189: 1157:Marie Antoinette 1148:Marie Antoinette 1138:Marie Antoinette 1109:Philippe Égalité 754:House of Orléans 711:Bourbon monarchy 675:Madame Élisabeth 671:Tuileries Palace 559:Joseph Duplessis 438:Marie Antoinette 368:venereal disease 340:bedding ceremony 333:House of Bourbon 325:King of Sardinia 250:Marie Antoinette 215: 145: 144: 137: 135: 102: 99:3 September 1792 79:8 September 1749 78: 76: 58: 39: 38: 21: 7056: 7055: 7051: 7050: 7049: 7047: 7046: 7045: 6981:Lynching deaths 6901: 6900: 6899: 6890: 6765:La Marseillaise 6754: 6753:Cultural impact 6739: 6649: 6630: 6597: 6553:Madame du Barry 6543:Catherine Théot 6533:Thérésa Tallien 6424: 6415:Gracchus Babeuf 6360:François Chabot 6317: 6309: 6230:Georges Couthon 6225:Marquis de Sade 6190:Jean-Paul Marat 6166: 6122:Bertrand Barère 6088: 5999: 5980:Boissy d'Anglas 5975:Madame de Staël 5940:Antoine Barnave 5908: 5901: 5892: 5839: 5820: 5795: 5790: 5760: 5755: 5730: 5725: 5705: 5700: 5662: 5657: 5641: 5618: 5605: 5597: 5589: 5576: 5563: 5552:József Alvinczi 5536: 5518: 5500: 5441:Nicolas Oudinot 5431: 5364:Claude Lecourbe 5359:Charles Leclerc 5254:Guillaume Brune 5224:Pierre Augereau 5194: 5189: 5174: 5169: 5167:Treaty of Paris 5161: 5147: 5142: 5134: 5126: 5110: 5105: 5097: 5089: 5081: 5065: 5060: 5052: 5044: 5036: 5028: 5020: 5012: 5004: 4996: 4988: 4972: 4967: 4959: 4951: 4943: 4935: 4919: 4914: 4906: 4898: 4890: 4882: 4874: 4866: 4850: 4845: 4837: 4829: 4821: 4813: 4805: 4797: 4789: 4781: 4773: 4765: 4752: 4744: 4736: 4720: 4710: 4694: 4689: 4681: 4668: 4660: 4652: 4644: 4636: 4627: 4611: 4606: 4593: 4585: 4583:Siege of Toulon 4547: 4539: 4522:First Coalition 4508: 4499: 4435: 4420: 4410: 4402: 4394: 4380: 4375: 4361: 4356: 4348: 4334: 4329: 4321: 4301: 4293: 4285: 4271: 4266: 4258: 4250: 4241: 4233: 4225: 4207: 4202: 4194: 4186: 4184:Law of Suspects 4178: 4168: 4160: 4152: 4132: 4130:Reign of Terror 4124: 4116: 4102: 4097: 4089: 4081: 4073: 4065: 4057: 4049: 4035: 4030: 4022: 4014: 4006: 3998: 3984: 3969: 3961: 3952: 3938: 3933: 3925: 3917: 3910:(4–11 Aug 1789) 3909: 3901: 3893: 3885: 3877: 3869: 3861: 3853: 3845: 3843:Réveillon riots 3837: 3821: 3816: 3808: 3794: 3783: 3698: 3693: 3663: 3658: 3642: 3626:11th generation 3621: 3593:10th generation 3588: 3555: 3522: 3503: 3473: 3447: 3431: 3407:Marie of Cleves 3395: 3369: 3360: 3343: 3342:of the dynasty. 3320: 3315: 3285: 3280: 3273: 3261: 3250:20th generation 3245: 3218:18th generation 3213: 3187:17th generation 3182: 3164:16th generation 3159: 3137:15th generation 3132: 3121:14th generation 3116: 3080:13th generation 3075: 3044:12th generation 3039: 2997:11th generation 2992: 2971:10th generation 2966: 2950: 2904: 2883: 2867: 2851: 2842:Princess Louise 2830: 2804: 2788: 2772: 2767: 2733: 2726: 2715: 2671: 2643: 2627: 2622: 2607: 2606: 2602: 2592: 2590: 2581: 2580: 2576: 2566: 2564: 2555: 2554: 2550: 2533: 2529: 2512: 2511: 2507: 2498: 2494: 2487: 2465:Fraser, Antonia 2462: 2453: 2442: 2429: 2422: 2403: 2396: 2389: 2370: 2363: 2356: 2336: 2329: 2324: 2320: 2313: 2296: 2292: 2285: 2269: 2265: 2259:Lamballe, 1791. 2245: 2241: 2232: 2223: 2216: 2198: 2194: 2172: 2165: 2157: 2153: 2145: 2141: 2133: 2129: 2121: 2117: 2109: 2105: 2097: 2093: 2085: 2081: 2073: 2069: 2061: 2057: 2049: 2045: 2037: 2033: 2025: 2021: 2013: 2009: 2001: 1997: 1989: 1985: 1977: 1973: 1965: 1961: 1953: 1946: 1932: 1811: 1803: 1799: 1791: 1787: 1779: 1775: 1767: 1763: 1755: 1751: 1743: 1739: 1731: 1727: 1718: 1717: 1713: 1705: 1698: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1175: 1125: 1081:Duke of Orléans 1029: 1019: 997: 994: 992: 991: 989: 987: 985: 983: 981: 979: 977: 948:Richard Bentley 940: 905:La Force prison 893: 865:, when she and 781:Axel von Fersen 762: 648: 625:Estates General 508:lady-in-waiting 476:Duke de Bourbon 470:, at which the 423: 421:Lady-in-waiting 396:Noailles family 383:Queen of France 294: 266: 234:Savoy-Carignano 182:Savoy-Carignano 160: 139: 131: 127: 124: 104: 100: 80: 74: 72: 64: 37: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7054: 7044: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6896: 6895: 6892: 6891: 6889: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6844: 6843: 6842: 6835:Cult of Reason 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6779: 6777:Flag of France 6774: 6769: 6759: 6756: 6755: 6745: 6744: 6741: 6740: 6738: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6654: 6651: 6650: 6640: 6639: 6636: 6635: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6628: 6623: 6622: 6621: 6616: 6605: 6603: 6599: 6598: 6596: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6583:Jacques Necker 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6439: 6437: 6430: 6426: 6425: 6423: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6405:Claire Lacombe 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6330:Jacques Hébert 6326: 6324: 6311: 6310: 6308: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6185:Georges Danton 6182: 6176: 6174: 6168: 6167: 6165: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6098: 6096: 6090: 6089: 6087: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6029:Henri Grégoire 6025: 6020: 6015: 6009: 6007: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5970:Camille Jordan 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5911: 5909: 5897: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5849: 5847: 5841: 5840: 5830: 5829: 5826: 5825: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5818: 5813: 5807: 5805: 5792: 5791: 5789: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5772: 5770: 5757: 5756: 5754: 5753: 5748: 5742: 5740: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5723: 5717: 5715: 5702: 5701: 5699: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5674: 5672: 5659: 5658: 5656: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5614: 5609: 5601: 5593: 5585: 5580: 5572: 5567: 5559: 5554: 5548: 5546: 5530: 5524: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5516: 5510: 5508: 5502: 5501: 5499: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5215: 5213: 5204: 5191: 5190: 5180: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5172: 5164: 5155: 5153: 5149: 5148: 5146: 5145: 5137: 5129: 5120: 5118: 5112: 5111: 5109: 5108: 5100: 5092: 5084: 5075: 5073: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5063: 5055: 5050:Battle of Novi 5047: 5039: 5037:(4–7 Jun 1799) 5031: 5023: 5015: 5007: 4999: 4991: 4982: 4980: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4970: 4962: 4954: 4946: 4938: 4929: 4927: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4917: 4909: 4901: 4893: 4885: 4877: 4869: 4860: 4858: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4848: 4840: 4832: 4830:(6–7 Nov 1796) 4824: 4816: 4808: 4800: 4792: 4784: 4776: 4768: 4760: 4755: 4747: 4745:(3–4 Aug 1796) 4739: 4730: 4728: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4718: 4716:Peace of Basel 4713: 4704: 4702: 4696: 4695: 4693: 4692: 4684: 4676: 4671: 4663: 4655: 4647: 4639: 4630: 4621: 4619: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4609: 4601: 4596: 4588: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4558:Siege of Mainz 4555: 4550: 4542: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4518: 4516: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4506: 4494: 4489: 4487:Siege of Mainz 4484: 4479: 4478: 4477: 4474: 4469: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4445: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4426: 4425: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4418: 4413: 4405: 4397: 4388: 4386: 4382: 4381: 4379: 4378: 4369: 4367: 4363: 4362: 4360: 4359: 4351: 4342: 4340: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4332: 4324: 4319:13 Vendémiaire 4316: 4315: 4314: 4309: 4296: 4288: 4279: 4277: 4273: 4272: 4270: 4269: 4261: 4253: 4244: 4236: 4228: 4215: 4213: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4205: 4197: 4189: 4181: 4171: 4166:Levée en masse 4163: 4155: 4147: 4146: 4145: 4140: 4127: 4119: 4110: 4108: 4104: 4103: 4101: 4100: 4092: 4084: 4076: 4071:10th of August 4068: 4060: 4052: 4043: 4041: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4033: 4025: 4017: 4009: 4001: 3992: 3990: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3982: 3972: 3964: 3955: 3953:(Feb–Jul 1790) 3946: 3944: 3940: 3939: 3937: 3936: 3928: 3920: 3912: 3904: 3896: 3888: 3880: 3872: 3864: 3856: 3848: 3840: 3829: 3827: 3823: 3822: 3820: 3819: 3811: 3802: 3800: 3796: 3795: 3785: 3784: 3782: 3781: 3774: 3767: 3760: 3753: 3746: 3739: 3732: 3725: 3718: 3711: 3703: 3700: 3699: 3692: 3691: 3684: 3677: 3669: 3660: 3659: 3647: 3644: 3643: 3641: 3640: 3635: 3629: 3627: 3623: 3622: 3620: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3603: 3596: 3594: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3586: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3563: 3561: 3560:9th generation 3557: 3556: 3554: 3553: 3547: 3542: 3536: 3530: 3528: 3527:8th generation 3524: 3523: 3521: 3520: 3511: 3509: 3508:7th generation 3505: 3504: 3502: 3501: 3495: 3487: 3481: 3479: 3478:6th generation 3475: 3474: 3472: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3455: 3453: 3452:5th generation 3449: 3448: 3446: 3445: 3439: 3437: 3436:4th generation 3433: 3432: 3430: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3403: 3401: 3400:3rd generation 3397: 3396: 3394: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3377: 3375: 3374:2nd generation 3371: 3370: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3358: 3351: 3349: 3348:1st generation 3345: 3344: 3338:, last of the 3325: 3322: 3321: 3314: 3313: 3306: 3299: 3291: 3282: 3281: 3266: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3259: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3243: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3221: 3219: 3215: 3214: 3212: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3190: 3188: 3184: 3183: 3181: 3180: 3174: 3167: 3165: 3161: 3160: 3158: 3157: 3151: 3146: 3140: 3138: 3134: 3133: 3131: 3130: 3124: 3122: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3083: 3081: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3047: 3045: 3041: 3040: 3038: 3037: 3032: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3000: 2998: 2994: 2993: 2991: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2974: 2972: 2968: 2967: 2965: 2964: 2958: 2956: 2955:9th generation 2952: 2951: 2949: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2912: 2910: 2909:8th generation 2906: 2905: 2903: 2902: 2897: 2891: 2889: 2888:7th generation 2885: 2884: 2882: 2881: 2875: 2873: 2872:6th generation 2869: 2868: 2866: 2865: 2859: 2857: 2856:5th generation 2853: 2852: 2850: 2849: 2844: 2838: 2836: 2835:4th generation 2832: 2831: 2829: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2812: 2810: 2809:3rd generation 2806: 2805: 2803: 2802: 2796: 2794: 2793:2nd generation 2790: 2789: 2787: 2786: 2780: 2778: 2777:1st generation 2774: 2773: 2766: 2765: 2758: 2751: 2743: 2735: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2716: 2711: 2707: 2706: 2705:Court offices 2700: 2699: 2690: 2681: 2670: 2669:External links 2667: 2666: 2665: 2656: 2647: 2641: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2620: 2600: 2574: 2548: 2527: 2505: 2492: 2485: 2451: 2427: 2420: 2394: 2387: 2361: 2354: 2327: 2318: 2290: 2283: 2263: 2239: 2221: 2214: 2192: 2177:, ed. (1911). 2175:Chisholm, Hugh 2163: 2151: 2149:, p. 134. 2139: 2137:, p. 133. 2127: 2125:, p. 130. 2115: 2113:, p. 101. 2103: 2101:, p. 128. 2091: 2089:, p. 102. 2079: 2077:, p. 110. 2067: 2055: 2043: 2031: 2029:, p. 103. 2019: 2007: 1995: 1983: 1971: 1959: 1944: 1809: 1797: 1785: 1773: 1761: 1749: 1737: 1725: 1711: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1681: 1680: 1677: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1640: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1627: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1608: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1548: 1546: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1514: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1490: 1488: 1482: 1479: 1478: 1475: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1462: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1449: 1448: 1446: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1430: 1427: 1426: 1424: 1418: 1415: 1414: 1411: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1368: 1366: 1360: 1357: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1340: 1334: 1331: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1306: 1304: 1298: 1295: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1246: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1214: 1212: 1210: 1208: 1206: 1204: 1202: 1195: 1194: 1188: 1174: 1171: 1151:, directed by 1133:W. S. Van Dyke 1124: 1121: 1113:Madame Tussaud 1083:and his lover 1066:Antonia Fraser 1018: 1015: 976:"Who are you?" 974: 969:emmenez madame 939: 936: 920:Vive la nation 892: 889: 863:10 August 1792 804:Royal Crescent 761: 758: 647: 644: 488:Louis-Philippe 422: 419: 329:House of Savoy 293: 290: 265: 262: 238:House of Savoy 217: 216: 209: 205: 204: 199: 195: 194: 189: 185: 184: 179: 173: 172: 169: 168: 150: 149: 141: 140: 129: 125: 120: 119: 117: 113: 112: 103:(aged 42) 97: 93: 92: 70: 66: 65: 59: 51: 50: 44: 43: 35: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7053: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6908: 6906: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6851: 6850: 6849:Sans-culottes 6845: 6841: 6838: 6837: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6820:Metric system 6818: 6816: 6813: 6810: 6809: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6786: 6785: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6767: 6766: 6761: 6760: 6757: 6750: 6746: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6660: 6656: 6655: 6652: 6645: 6641: 6627: 6624: 6620: 6619:Panthéon Club 6617: 6615: 6612: 6611: 6610: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6600: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6508:Joachim Murat 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6434: 6431: 6427: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6322: 6316: 6312: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6285:Gilbert Romme 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6169: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6107:de Cambacérès 6105: 6103: 6100: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6091: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6026: 6024: 6023:Madame Roland 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6010: 6008: 6006: 6002: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5960:André Chénier 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5915:Grace Elliott 5913: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5906: 5900: 5895: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5842: 5835: 5831: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5804: 5799: 5793: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5764: 5758: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5734: 5728: 5722: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5709: 5703: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5676: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5666: 5660: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5602: 5600: 5594: 5592: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5545: 5540: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5525: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5507: 5503: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5476:Joseph Souham 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5435: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5419:Joachim Murat 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5399:André Masséna 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5198: 5192: 5185: 5181: 5170:(25 Jun 1802) 5168: 5165: 5162:(25 Mar 1802) 5160: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5150: 5141: 5138: 5135:(18 Mar 1801) 5133: 5130: 5125: 5122: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5113: 5104: 5101: 5096: 5093: 5090:(15 Jun 1800) 5088: 5085: 5082:(14 Jun 1800) 5080: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5068: 5059: 5056: 5053:(15 Aug 1799) 5051: 5048: 5043: 5040: 5035: 5032: 5027: 5024: 5019: 5016: 5013:(25 Mar 1799) 5011: 5008: 5003: 5000: 4995: 4994:Siege of Acre 4992: 4987: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4975: 4966: 4965:Peasants' War 4963: 4958: 4955: 4950: 4947: 4942: 4939: 4934: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4922: 4915:(17 Oct 1797) 4913: 4910: 4907:(18 Apr 1797) 4905: 4902: 4899:(17 Apr 1797) 4897: 4894: 4891:(25 Jan 1797) 4889: 4886: 4881: 4878: 4875:(13 Jan 1797) 4873: 4870: 4865: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4853: 4844: 4841: 4836: 4833: 4828: 4825: 4820: 4817: 4814:(26 Oct 1796) 4812: 4809: 4806:(19 Oct 1796) 4804: 4801: 4796: 4793: 4788: 4785: 4780: 4777: 4774:(24 Aug 1796) 4772: 4769: 4766:(11 Aug 1796) 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4751: 4748: 4743: 4740: 4735: 4732: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4723: 4717: 4714: 4709: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4697: 4688: 4685: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4669:(26 Jun 1794) 4667: 4664: 4659: 4656: 4653:(22 May 1794) 4651: 4648: 4645:(18 May 1794) 4643: 4640: 4634: 4631: 4628:(24 Apr 1794) 4626: 4623: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4614: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4594:(13 Oct 1793) 4592: 4589: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4546: 4543: 4540:(23 May 1793) 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4511: 4503: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4438: 4431: 4427: 4417: 4414: 4411:(24 Dec 1799) 4409: 4406: 4401: 4398: 4395:(18 Jun 1799) 4393: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4383: 4376:(11 May 1798) 4374: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4364: 4355: 4352: 4347: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4337: 4328: 4325: 4320: 4317: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4304: 4300: 4297: 4294:(22 Aug 1795) 4292: 4289: 4284: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4274: 4267:(11 Nov 1794) 4265: 4262: 4257: 4254: 4251:(28 Jul 1794) 4248: 4245: 4242:(27 Jul 1794) 4240: 4237: 4234:(10 Jun 1794) 4232: 4229: 4224: 4220: 4217: 4216: 4214: 4210: 4201: 4198: 4195:(16 Oct 1793) 4193: 4190: 4187:(17 Sep 1793) 4185: 4182: 4177: 4176: 4172: 4169:(23 Aug 1793) 4167: 4164: 4161:(13 Jul 1793) 4159: 4156: 4151: 4148: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4135: 4131: 4128: 4123: 4120: 4117:(21 Jan 1793) 4115: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4105: 4098:(22 Sep 1792) 4096: 4093: 4088: 4085: 4080: 4077: 4074:(10 Aug 1792) 4072: 4069: 4064: 4061: 4058:(25 Jul 1792) 4056: 4053: 4050:(20 Apr 1792) 4048: 4045: 4044: 4042: 4038: 4029: 4026: 4021: 4018: 4015:(27 Aug 1791) 4013: 4010: 4007:(17 Jul 1791) 4005: 4002: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3991: 3987: 3980:(14 Jul 1790) 3978: 3977: 3973: 3970:(12 Jul 1790) 3968: 3965: 3962:(23 Jun 1790) 3960: 3956: 3951: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3941: 3932: 3929: 3924: 3921: 3918:(26 Aug 1789) 3916: 3913: 3908: 3905: 3900: 3897: 3894:(14 Jul 1789) 3892: 3889: 3884: 3881: 3878:(20 Jun 1789) 3876: 3873: 3868: 3865: 3862:(4 June 1789) 3860: 3857: 3852: 3849: 3846:(28 Apr 1789) 3844: 3841: 3836: 3835: 3831: 3830: 3828: 3824: 3817:(21 Jul 1788) 3815: 3812: 3807: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3797: 3790: 3786: 3780: 3779: 3775: 3773: 3772: 3768: 3766: 3765: 3761: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3752: 3751: 3747: 3745: 3744: 3740: 3738: 3737: 3733: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3724: 3723: 3722:Ancien Régime 3719: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3710: 3709: 3705: 3704: 3701: 3697: 3690: 3685: 3683: 3678: 3676: 3671: 3670: 3667: 3657: 3656: 3651: 3645: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3628: 3624: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3591: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3558: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3506: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3493: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3482: 3480: 3476: 3470: 3469:Laura Mancini 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3456: 3454: 3450: 3444: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3434: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3402: 3398: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3378: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3356: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3346: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3323: 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2065:, p. 75. 2064: 2059: 2053:, p. 70. 2052: 2047: 2040: 2035: 2028: 2023: 2017:, p. 63. 2016: 2011: 2005:, p. 62. 2004: 1999: 1992: 1987: 1981:, p. 57. 1980: 1975: 1969:, p. 53. 1968: 1963: 1957:, p. 52. 1956: 1951: 1949: 1942: 1938: 1937: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1922: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1807:, p. 31. 1806: 1801: 1795:, p. 29. 1794: 1789: 1783:, p. 27. 1782: 1777: 1770: 1765: 1759:, p. 18. 1758: 1753: 1746: 1741: 1734: 1729: 1721: 1715: 1708: 1703: 1701: 1696: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1642: 1639: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1628: 1619: 1618: 1613: 1612: 1607: 1601: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1591: 1590: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1575: 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IMDb.com 2503:", p. 265. 2311:2262001561 2147:Hardy 1908 2135:Hardy 1908 2123:Hardy 1908 2111:Hardy 1908 2099:Hardy 1908 2087:Hardy 1908 2075:Hardy 1908 2063:Hardy 1908 2051:Hardy 1908 2027:Hardy 1908 2015:Hardy 1908 2003:Hardy 1908 1991:Hardy 1908 1979:Hardy 1908 1967:Hardy 1908 1955:Hardy 1908 1805:Hardy 1908 1793:Hardy 1908 1781:Hardy 1908 1769:Hardy 1908 1757:Hardy 1908 1745:Hardy 1908 1733:Hardy 1908 1720:"Capet 40" 1707:Hardy 1908 1687:References 1143:Mary Nighy 1117:death mask 728:After the 632:propaganda 579:Freemasons 512:Versailles 343:groom and 75:1749-09-08 6448:Louis XVI 6443:Charles X 6094:The Plain 6005:Girondins 5945:Lafayette 5606:(Walloon) 5588:Pál Kray 5564:(Walloon) 5106:(1800–02) 4957:Quasi-War 4416:Consulate 4302:(1795–99) 3757:Consulate 3750:Directory 2545:, 88, 91. 1692:Citations 1141:, and by 878:Château." 604:in Vienna 561:(c. 1775) 446:Compiégne 310:Louis XIV 208:Signature 6808:Panthéon 6796:Muscadin 6791:Marianne 6730:Voltaire 6609:Jacobins 6602:Factions 6142:Mirabeau 5598:(French) 4492:Jemappes 4476:Dauphiné 3959:Nobility 3771:Journals 3764:Glossary 3743:Republic 3715:Timeline 3332:Bourbons 2467:(2001). 2408:(2002). 2375:(1980). 1181:Arms of 1173:Ancestry 1123:In media 715:Mirabeau 528:Savoyard 497:intimate 331:and the 321:Louis XV 292:Marriage 6690:Diderot 6436:Figures 6321:Enragés 6027:Father 5738:Prussia 5670:Britain 5619:(Saxon) 5577:(Swiss) 5544:Austria 2697:PBS.org 2686:at the 2587:(2006)" 2561:(1938)" 1061:slander 950:in 1837 693:at the 640:lesbian 620:Yolande 615:Calonne 600:at the 544:Poitiou 532:husband 458:favour. 370:at the 347:at the 226:Italian 154:Italian 138: 130: 126: 6429:Others 5768:Russia 5202:France 4867:(1797) 4737:(1796) 4472:Vendée 4449:Verdun 4276:1795–6 4219:Danton 3778:Museum 3708:Causes 2639: 2483: 2418: 2385: 2352: 2309: 2281: 2212: 1053:Temple 909:Temple 885:Temple 777:Ostend 735:libels 664:Aumale 569:, the 536:Eugène 391:father 198:Mother 188:Father 162:French 116:Spouse 110:France 6886:Films 5803:Spain 5436:] 4504:] 4497:Namur 4482:Lille 4459:Valmy 2613:[ 1093:Dreux 938:Death 773:Dover 703:salon 683:Passy 264:Youth 177:House 148:Names 132:( 128: 106:Paris 86:Turin 6318:and 5902:and 5152:1802 5116:1801 5071:1800 4978:1799 4925:1798 4856:1797 4726:1796 4700:1795 4617:1794 4514:1793 4441:1792 4385:1799 4366:1798 4339:1797 4221:and 4212:1794 4107:1793 4040:1792 3989:1791 3943:1790 3826:1789 3799:1788 3128:None 2962:None 2879:None 2863:None 2784:None 2637:ISBN 2595:2008 2569:2008 2481:ISBN 2416:ISBN 2383:ISBN 2350:ISBN 2307:ISBN 2279:ISBN 2210:ISBN 1578:14. 1458:12. 1394:11. 1336:10. 899:and 816:will 808:Bath 472:king 462:The 304:and 96:Died 69:Born 5678:Sir 3275:** 2695:at 2677:at 2477:389 2255:286 1604:7. 1542:3. 1484:6. 1420:1. 1362:5. 1300:2. 1274:9. 1242:4. 1216:8. 1131:in 806:in 789:Spa 787:in 510:at 444:in 355:by 6907:: 5434:fr 4502:fr 3648:* 3268:* 3242:** 2543:44 2525:." 2479:. 2454:^ 2430:^ 2397:^ 2364:^ 2330:^ 2257:. 2224:^ 2183:. 2166:^ 1947:^ 1939:: 1812:^ 1699:^ 1119:. 1055:. 1047:. 887:. 854:, 846:, 810:, 717:. 666:. 417:. 385:, 335:. 316:. 260:. 244:, 228:: 164:: 156:: 134:m. 108:, 88:, 84:, 3688:e 3681:t 3674:v 3608:* 3602:* 3585:* 3569:* 3552:* 3541:* 3500:* 3357:* 3310:e 3303:t 3296:v 3179:* 3173:* 3156:* 3031:* 2762:e 2755:t 2748:v 2645:. 2597:. 2583:" 2571:. 2557:" 2489:. 2424:. 2391:. 2358:. 2316:. 2287:. 2218:. 1722:. 1034:) 1030:( 224:( 77:) 73:( 31:. 20:)

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Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse de Lamballe

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