553:
683:
44:
299:
650:
702:. Firstly, this removed Lehzen's influence, and Lehzen had long despised the Duchess and Conroy, suspecting them of an illicit affair. Secondly, it left the Queen wholly open to Albert's influence, and he likely prevailed upon her to reconcile with her mother. Thirdly, Conroy by now lived in exile on the Continent and so his divisive influence was removed. The Duchess's finances, which had been left in shambles by Conroy, were restored thanks to Victoria and her advisors. By all accounts, the Duchess became a doting grandmother and was closer to her daughter than she ever had been.
2700:
2686:
751:, meaning that her mother would have been a carrier, if haemophilia was not otherwise previously expressed in the Duchess's parents. Actual evidence to support this theory has not arisen. Haemophilia occurs spontaneously through mutation in at least 30% of cases, and especially in children of older fathers such as Victoria. Haemophilia in the descendants of Victoria was known at the time and among European royalty, including Romanoffs, was known as the 'Coburg disease'.
788:
488:
528:. The latter had a huge income of fifty thousand pounds per annum for life, representing an annuity allotted to him by the British Parliament on his marriage to Princess Charlotte, which had made him seem likely to become in due course the consort of the monarch. Even after Charlotte's death, Leopold's annuity was not revoked by Parliament.
674:
succeeded, but this plan, too, backfired. Victoria resented her mother's support for Conroy's schemes and being pressured by her to sign a paper declaring Conroy her personal secretary. The result was that when
Victoria became queen, she relegated the Duchess to separate accommodations, away from her own.
669:, would be headed by the princess's mother (who had already served in that capacity in Germany following the death of her first husband). As the personal secretary of the Duchess, Conroy would be the veritable "power behind the throne". He had not counted on William IV surviving long enough for Victoria to
602:
The
Duchess of Kent was extremely protective, and raised Victoria largely isolated from other children under the so-called "Kensington System". The system prevented the princess from meeting people whom her mother and Conroy deemed undesirable (including most of her father's family), and was designed
641:
I trust to God that my life may be spared for nine months longer ... I should then have the satisfaction of leaving the exercise of the Royal authority to the personal authority of that young lady, heiress presumptive to the Crown, and not in the hands of a person now near me, who is surrounded
795:
The
Duchess died at 09:30 on 16 March 1861, aged 74 years, with her daughter Victoria at her side. The Queen was much affected by her mother's death. Through reading her mother's papers, Victoria discovered that her mother had loved her deeply; she was heart-broken, and blamed Conroy and Lehzen for
636:
were fond of their niece, but their attempts to forge a close relationship with the girl were frustrated by the conflict with the
Duchess of Kent. The King, angered at what he took to be disrespect from the Duchess to his wife, took the opportunity at what proved to be his final birthday banquet in
624:
to Conroy. In 1831, the year of
William's coronation, Conroy and the Duchess embarked on a series of royal tours with Victoria to expose her to the people and solidify their status as potential regents. Their efforts were ultimately successful and, in November 1831, it was declared that the Duchess
508:
were both estranged from their wives, who were in any case past childbearing age. The third brother, the Duke of
Clarence, had yet to produce any surviving children with his wife. The Duchess of Kent decided that she would do better by gambling on her daughter's accession than by living quietly in
619:
Perhaps because of Conroy's influence, the relationship between the
Duchess's household and William IV soon soured, with the Duchess regarding the King as an oversexed oaf. As far as she dared, the Duchess denied the King access to his niece. She prevented her daughter from attending William's
503:
in
January 1820, six days before his father, King George III. His widow the Duchess had little cause to remain in the United Kingdom, since she did not speak the language and had a palace at home in Coburg where she could live cheaply on the revenues of her first husband. However, the British
673:
and be able to succeed to the throne as an adult and consequently, while cultivating her mother, had shown little consideration for
Victoria. When the latter succeeded, Conroy risked having no influence over her. He tried to force Victoria to agree to make him her personal secretary once she
467:. Shortly after their marriage, the Kents moved to Germany, where the cost of living would be cheaper. Soon after, Victoria became pregnant, and the Duke and Duchess, determined to have their child born in England, raced back. Arriving at Dover on 23 April 1819, they moved into
637:
August 1836 to settle the score. Speaking to those assembled at the banquet, who included the
Duchess and Princess Victoria, William expressed his hope that he would survive until Princess Victoria was 18 so that the Duchess of Kent would never be regent. He said,
531:
In 1831, with George IV dead and the new king William IV (formerly the Duke of Clarence) being over 60 without any surviving legitimate issue, and whose nearly 40-year-old wife was considered to be at the end of childbearing age, the young princess's status as
577:
and private secretary for the next nineteen years, as well as holding the unofficial roles of public relations officer, counsellor, confidant and political agent. While it is not clear which of the two was more responsible for devising the
607:
by insisting that her daughter avoid any appearance of sexual impropriety. Victoria shared a bedroom with her mother every night, studied with private tutors to a regular timetable, and spent her play-hours with her dolls and her
625:
would be sole regent in the event of Victoria's young queenship. The Duchess further offended the King by taking rooms in Kensington Palace that the King had reserved for himself, and she snubbed his illegitimate children, the
778:
was diagnosed with porphyria shortly before he died in a flying accident. There is moreover no genetic evidence that the royal family ever had the disease: its diagnosis in George III's case (and others) has been questioned.
509:
Coburg and, having inherited her second husband's debts, sought support from the British government. After the death of Edward and his father, the young Princess Victoria was still only third in line for the throne, and
586:
upon Victoria's (assumed youthful) succession and for Conroy to be created Victoria's private secretary and given a peerage. The Duchess and Conroy continued to be unpopular with the royal family and, in 1829, the
233:
603:
to render her weak and dependent upon them. The Duchess avoided the court because she was scandalised by the presence of King William's illegitimate children, and perhaps prompted the emergence of
552:
540:
led to major increases in British state income for the Kents. Parliament agreed an annuity for the Duchess and her daughter in August 1831. A contributing factor was Leopold's designation as
1507:
3485:
2727:
439:, the wife of Victoria's brother Leopold, in 1817, prompted a succession crisis. With Parliament offering them a financial incentive, three of Charlotte's uncles, sons of
3264:
694:, was born, the Duchess of Kent unexpectedly found herself welcomed back into Victoria's inner circle. It is likely that this came about as a result of the dismissal of
427:
After the death of her first spouse, she served as regent of the Principality of Leiningen during the minority of their son, Carl, until her second marriage in 1818.
2889:
747: – an extremely unlikely survival, given the poor state of medicine at the time, or the Duchess herself to be a carrier of haemophilia, since haemophilia is
1063:
1037:
682:
2765:
599:
wrote to the Duchess of Kent to advise that she was increasingly isolating herself from the royal family and that she must not grant Conroy too much power.
2488:
2452:
2202:
298:
2793:
1644:
Hibbert, p. 27; Longford, pp. 35–38, 118–119; St Aubyn, pp. 21–22; Woodham-Smith, pp. 70–72. The rumours were false in the opinion of these biographers.
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King William ordered that Victoria follow his brothers down the aisle during the coronation. The Duchess interpreted this as a deliberate slight.
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917:
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1279:
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from the descendants of Victoria. According to Wilson, the disease was prevalent in the royal family before Victoria but not afterwards.
3616:
3250:
3052:
2840:
524:, since Parliament had vivid memories of the late Duke's extravagance. In practice, a main source of support for her was her brother,
444:
335:
171:
646:
The breach between the Duchess and the King and Queen was never fully healed, but Victoria always viewed both of them with kindness.
505:
412:
331:
203:
43:
2819:
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621:
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2101:
Peters, Timothy J.; Wilkinson, D. (2010). "King George III and Porphyria: A Clinical Re-Examination of the Historical Evidence".
1185:
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371:
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Conroy had high hopes for his patroness and himself: he envisaged Victoria succeeding the throne at a young age, thus needing a
626:
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355:
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succession at this time was far from assured – of the three brothers older than Edward, the new king, George IV, and the
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The Mirror of Parliament for the Preliminary Portion of First Session of the Ninth Parliament of Great Britain and Ireland
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2634:
Becoming Queen Victoria: The Tragic Death of Princess Charlotte and the Unexpected Rise of Britain's Greatest Monarch
2623:
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2531:
2444:
2378:
2282:
2089:
1996:
1971:
1890:
1737:
1707:
1447:
1442:
Tom Levine: Die Windsors. Glanz und Tragik einer fast normalen Familie. Campus-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main u. a. 2005,
520:, along with several other impoverished members of the royal family, and received little financial support from the
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by evil advisers and is herself incompetent to act with propriety in the situation in which she would be placed.
404:
323:
146:
2947:
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263:
124:
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767:
416:
208:
3512:
3208:
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1411:
A German, the Duchess of Kent was unpopular in England, and did not mix well with the British royal family.
775:
711:
582:, it was created to govern young Victoria's upbringing. The intention was for the Duchess to be appointed
3636:
3596:
3417:
3233:
Princesses whose titles were removed due to loss of husband's eligibility or divorce are shown in italics
649:
2257:
516:
The provision made for the Duchess of Kent was mean: she resided in a suite of rooms in the dilapidated
3606:
3531:
3478:
3312:
3152:
2994:
1580:
812:
633:
596:
471:, where Victoria gave birth to a daughter on 24 May 1819, Princess Alexandrina Victoria of Kent, later
464:
2691:
3626:
3359:
3213:
3068:
2908:
2629:
327:
3631:
3174:
3157:
2231:
2037:
1461:
755:
691:
654:
3343:
3031:
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1959:
871:
3427:
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699:
2176:
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2675:
832:
30:
3561:
3556:
3047:
2736:
609:
525:
375:
257:
82:
479:, ensured the Kents' speedy return to England in time for the birth of their first child.
8:
2931:
2650:
2388:
2366:
541:
459:, a joint ceremony at which Edward's brother, the Duke of Clarence and St Andrews, later
2450:
Longford, Elizabeth (2004a). "Edward, Prince, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (1767–1820)".
2232:"'The Young Victoria': Royal romance story is beautifully filmed and acted – Gusto"
3443:
2699:
2685:
2594:
1941:
862:
857:
852:
837:
816:
604:
510:
2077:
720:
suggests that Victoria's father could not have been the Duke of Kent for two reasons:
2705:
2658:
2637:
2619:
2601:
2582:
2567:
2549:
2527:
2440:
2419:
2396:
2374:
2352:
2333:
2327:
2182:
2114:
2085:
2017:
1992:
1967:
1886:
1733:
1703:
1443:
579:
517:
492:
468:
448:
195:
3242:
447:, proposed to Victoria and she accepted. The couple were married on 29 May 1818 at
3226:
2493:
2457:
2412:
2207:
2106:
866:
666:
533:
2512:
2469:
3501:
3283:
2867:
842:
754:
As for Wilson's second reason, there is evidence to suggest Victoria's daughter,
743:
In practice, Wilson's first reason would have required the Duchess's lover to be
695:
562:
408:
34:
2131:
Hibbert, p. 267; Longford, pp. 118, 290; St Aubyn, p. 319; Woodham-Smith, p. 412
2497:
828:
805:
613:
472:
319:
99:
2461:
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2963:
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2110:
670:
620:
coronation out of a disagreement of precedence, a decision attributed by the
3085:
2118:
1695:
744:
717:
591:
spread rumours that they were lovers in an attempt to discredit them. The
2968:
2746:
2676:"Archival material relating to Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld"
725:
574:
573:'s relationship with the Duchess was very close, with him serving as her
570:
476:
49:
521:
460:
440:
339:
763:
736:
500:
383:
3470:
310:(Marie Louise Victoire; 17 August 1786 – 16 March 1861), later
801:
748:
1677:
Hibbert, pp. 27–28; Waller, pp. 341–342; Woodham-Smith, pp. 63–65
249:
2483:"Conroy, Sir John Ponsonby, first baronet (1786–1854), courtier"
2014:
Royal Maladies: Inherited Diseases in the Royal Houses of Europe
1581:"House of Lords Journal Volume 63: 31 August 1831 Pages 954–955"
796:"wickedly" estranging her from her mother. She is buried in the
787:
698:
at the behest of Victoria's husband (and the Duchess's nephew),
487:
662:
583:
537:
452:
400:
351:
78:
2692:
Portraits of Princess Victoria, Duchess of Kent and Strathearn
2082:
Purple Secret: Genes, "Madness" and the Royal Houses of Europe
3282:
Generations are numbered by husband's descent from the first
2789:
Charlotte Sophie, Hereditary Princess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
411:(1767–1801), had been her aunt. The couple had two children,
1686:
Hibbert, pp. 32–33; Longford, pp. 38–39, 55; Marshall, p. 19
827:
Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld was portrayed by
513:
was not inclined to support yet more impoverished royalty.
1791:
1647:
456:
2907:
The generations include wives of princes descended from
2140:
Hibbert, p. 267; Marshall, p. 152; Woodham-Smith, p. 412
2056:
2016:. Victoria, British Columbia: Trafford. pp. 31–32.
1779:
1659:
330:
during the minority of her son from her first marriage,
3423:
Countess Isabelle of Thurn and Valsassina-Como-Vercelli
1755:
1743:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
732:. The illness did not exist in the royal family before.
2794:
Fredericke Caroline, Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach
2735:
2283:"Meet the cast of Queen Charlotte: A Bridgerton Story"
1616:
1614:
1518:
1472:
893:
Ancestors of Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
3272:
2772:
Sophie Wilhelmine, Princess of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
2349:
We Two: Victoria and Albert: Rulers, Partners, Rivals
2203:"'Victoria & Albert' brings royal couple to life"
1854:
1851:
Hibbert, p. 31; St Aubyn, p. 26; Woodham-Smith, p. 81
1815:
1803:
1767:
1599:
2616:
Sovereign Ladies: The Six Reigning Queens of England
1542:
1064:
Princess Sophie Antoinette of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
811:
Queen Victoria and Albert dedicated a window in the
2858:** became princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1826
1611:
1038:
Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
364:
Franz Frederick Anton, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
362:. She was the fourth daughter and seventh child of
2897:
2766:Charlotte Wilhelmine, Countess of Hanau-MĂĽnzenberg
2593:
2481:
2411:
1626:
1561:
875:and by Florence Dobson in the 2023 limited series
2825:Princess Victoria, Duchess of Kent and Strathearn
2229:
2178:Royal Landscape: The Gardens and Parks of Windsor
1719:Waller, pp. 338–341; Woodham-Smith, pp. 68–69, 91
1530:
1438:
1436:
1122:Princess Victoria, Duchess of Kent and Strathearn
804:, Windsor Home Park, near to the royal residence
758:, suffered from porphyria, and John Röhl's book,
407:, whose first wife, Countess Henrietta Sophie of
386:, and heiress presumptive to the British throne.
378:, future king of the Belgians, married, in 1816,
3548:
3098:Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein
1338:Countess Ferdinande Henriette of Stolberg-Gedern
558:Victoria, Duchess of Kent with Princess Victoria
544:, upon which he surrendered his British income.
403:, a young Victoria married (as his second wife)
2745:The generations are numbered from the union of
2100:
1508:"Papers of Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn"
1306:Countess Karoline Ernestine of Erbach-Schönberg
2810:Princess Sophie, Countess of Mensdorff-Pouilly
1433:
976:Princess Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
944:Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
3486:
3258:
2883:
2721:
1218:Countess Sophie Theodora of Castell-Remlingen
1096:Princess Antoinette of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
595:referred to Conroy as "King John", while the
382:, the only legitimate daughter of the future
2815:Antoinette, Duchess Alexander of WĂĽrttemberg
2655:Queen Victoria: Her Life and Times 1819–1861
2492:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2456:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2174:
918:Francis Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
3402:Princess Alexandra of Ysenburg and BĂĽdingen
2168:
2105:. Vol. 21, no. 1. pp. 3–19.
791:The Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum at Frogmore
3493:
3479:
3303:Duchess Caroline of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
3265:
3251:
3053:Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia
2890:
2876:
2728:
2714:
2698:
2684:
1909:. New York: St. Martin's Press, pp. 43–44
1901:
1899:
1700:Great Tales from English History, Volume 3
1462:"Victoire (genannt) - Deutsche Biographie"
445:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
318:, was a German princess and the mother of
172:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
42:
3323:Duchess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3318:Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
3005:Duchess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3000:Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
2543:
2476:
2449:
2062:
1785:
1555:
1495:
686:The Duchess of Kent by Winterhalter, 1857
326:, from 1814, she served as regent of the
308:Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
209:Feodora, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
67:Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
2948:Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
2932:Princess Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach
2919:for members of the British royal family.
2628:
2546:Queen Victoria: A Biographical Companion
2181:. Yale University Press. pp. 347–.
2151:"Royal Burials in the Chapel since 1805"
1940:
1797:
1761:
1749:
1653:
1280:George August, Count of Erbach-Schönberg
786:
681:
648:
551:
486:
3308:Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia
3091:Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife
2990:Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia
2911:, who formalised the use of the titles
2820:Grand Duchess Anna Feodorovna of Russia
2591:
2489:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2453:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2387:
2365:
2073:
2071:
2038:"An Interview with Dr. Helen Rappaport"
1896:
1821:
1773:
1665:
1605:
1524:
536:and the Duchess's prospective place as
443:, were prepared to marry. One of them,
322:of the United Kingdom. As the widow of
186: 1818; died 1820)
161: 1803; died 1814)
3549:
2854:* princess of Saxe-Saalfeld until 1699
2316:
2042:National Bleeding Disorders Foundation
2011:
1991:. London: HarperCollins. p. 270.
1922:. National Hemophilia Foundation. 2006
1809:
1702:, London: Little, Brown, and Company,
1491:
1489:
1487:
1459:
1259:
1139:
1135:
1125:
1017:
907:
903:
356:Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation
334:, until her second wedding in 1818 to
3500:
3474:
3397:Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark
3246:
3158:Baroness Marie-Christine von Reibnitz
3132:Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark
3063:Princess Helen of Waldeck and Pyrmont
2871:
2841:Princess Victoria, Duchess of Nemours
2709:
2566:. London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson,
2526:, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson,
2439:, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson,
2409:
2255:
2155:College of St George - Windsor Castle
2080:; Warren, Martin; Hunt, David (1998)
1986:
1966:. London: HarperCollins. p. 69.
1958:
1620:
1335:
1325:
1321:
1309:
1303:
1293:
1277:
1267:
1263:
1247:
1241:
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1147:
1143:
1119:
1109:
1093:
1083:
1079:
1067:
1061:
1051:
1035:
1025:
1021:
1005:
1002:Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
999:
989:
973:
963:
959:
947:
941:
931:
915:
911:
705:
653:The Duchess of Kent in a portrait by
278:Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
214:Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom
2548:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, Inc.
2524:The Life and Times of Queen Victoria
2346:
2325:
2230:Mary Kunz Goldman (21 August 2010).
2068:
1989:In the Blood: God, Genes and Destiny
1860:
1632:
1567:
1536:
1478:
1186:Heinrich XXIV, Count Reuss-Ebersdorf
1160:Heinrich XXIX, Count Reuss-Ebersdorf
3376:Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia
3313:Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
3105:Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia
3058:Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia
2995:Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
1484:
569:Together in a hostile environment,
372:Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
368:Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf
288:Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf
13:
3612:Princesses of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
2737:Princesses of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
2393:Queen Victoria: A Personal History
2371:Queen Victoria: A Personal History
1732:, p.152. Penguin Books, New York.
1393:Duchess of Kent's Annuity Act 1838
690:When the Queen's first child, the
499:The Duke of Kent died suddenly of
430:
118:St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
14:
3658:
3617:Hanoverian princesses by marriage
3274:Hanoverian princesses by marriage
2696:National Portrait Gallery, London
2668:
2332:. London: Old Street Publishing.
677:
665:government, which, following the
415:, born on 12 September 1804, and
394:
3392:Countess Monika zu Solms-Laubach
3344:Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg
3328:Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel
3127:Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott
3032:Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg
3010:Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel
2564:The Life and Times of William IV
2418:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
2211:. Knight Ridder. 21 October 2001
1944:(1965). "The Royal Hemophilia".
1244:Countess Augusta Reuss-Ebersdorf
766:in Empress Frederick's daughter
297:
24:Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
2540:. New York: St. Martin's Press
2303:
2275:
2256:Doran, Sarah (28 August 2016).
2249:
2223:
2195:
2143:
2134:
2125:
2094:
2030:
2005:
1980:
1952:
1934:
1912:
1875:
1866:
1845:
1836:
1827:
1722:
1713:
1689:
1680:
1671:
1638:
1573:
1414:
1405:
629:, before and during his reign.
405:Emich Carl, Prince of Leiningen
183:
158:
147:Emich Karl, Prince of Leiningen
3086:Princess Victoria Mary of Teck
2899:British princesses by marriage
2581:, London: Sinclair-Stevenson,
1500:
1453:
845:in the 2001 television serial
735:The supposed disappearance of
475:. An efficient organiser, Sir
316:Duchess of Kent and Strathearn
35:Duchess of Kent and Strathearn
16:Duchess of Kent and Strathearn
1:
3048:Princess Alexandra of Denmark
2985:Duchess Caroline of Brunswick
2351:. New York: Ballatine Books.
1427:
547:
417:Princess Feodora of Leiningen
345:
102:, Windsor, Berkshire, England
53:
3459:British princess by marriage
3148:Birgitte van Deurs Henriksen
2513:UK public library membership
2470:UK public library membership
1948:. Vol. 213. p. 91.
1730:A Treasure of Royal Scandals
822:
776:Prince William of Gloucester
712:Legitimacy of Queen Victoria
482:
389:
324:Charles, Prince of Leiningen
7:
3642:Mothers of British monarchs
3418:Princess Caroline of Monaco
2657:, London: Hamish Hamilton,
2317:Barrow, John Henry (1831).
2258:"Meet the cast of Victoria"
1386:
884:
798:Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum
730:the descendants of Victoria
437:Princess Charlotte of Wales
419:, born on 7 December 1807.
380:Princess Charlotte of Wales
125:Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum
10:
3663:
3592:19th-century women regents
3572:19th-century German people
3567:18th-century German people
2579:Queen Victoria: A Portrait
2536:Packard, Gerrold (1973).
1920:"Hemophilia B (Factor IX)"
1905:Packard, Jerrold (1973).
1728:Farquhar, Michael (2001).
1466:www.deutsche-biographie.de
1253:
1137:
1011:
905:
813:Royal Chapel of All Saints
709:
465:Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
422:
370:. One of her brothers was
3582:19th-century German women
3577:18th-century German women
3508:
3452:
3436:
3410:
3384:
3368:
3360:Princess Thyra of Denmark
3352:
3336:
3295:
3280:
3222:
3201:
3166:
3140:
3122:Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon
3114:
3078:
3069:Princess Thyra of Denmark
3040:
3024:
2977:
2956:
2940:
2924:
2905:
2850:
2833:
2802:
2781:
2758:
2743:
2600:. Yale University Press.
2544:Rappaport, Helen (2003).
2522:Marshall, Dorothy (1972)
2373:. London: HarperCollins.
2321:. London: William Clowes.
1964:The Language of the Genes
1323:
1315:
1287:
1265:
1261:
1225:
1203:
1195:
1167:
1145:
1141:
1103:
1081:
1073:
1045:
1023:
1019:
983:
961:
953:
925:
909:
770:, and her granddaughter,
724:The sudden appearance of
354:on 17 August 1786 in the
293:
283:
273:
248:
231:
226:
222:
204:Carl, Prince of Leiningen
194:
135:
106:
89:
63:
41:
28:
23:
3647:Remarried royal consorts
3602:Wives of British princes
2326:Chambers, James (2007).
2111:10.1177/0957154X09102616
2084:, London: Bantam Press,
2012:Ruston, Alan R. (2008).
1398:
782:
774:. Röhl also claims that
762:, documents evidence of
655:Franz Xaver Winterhalter
3622:Princesses of Leiningen
2618:, London: John Murray,
2614:Waller, Maureen (2006)
2592:Vallone, Lynne (2001).
2577:St Aubyn, Giles (1991)
2562:Somerset, Anne (1980).
2518:(subscription required)
2410:Hough, Richard (1996).
2313:. London: Cresset Press
2309:Allen, W. Gore (1960).
491:The Duchess of Kent by
455:and on 11 July 1818 at
399:On 21 December 1803 at
374:, and another brother,
3428:Thyra von Westernhagen
2498:10.1093/ref:odnb/37309
2347:Gill, Gillian (2009).
1585:British History Online
1460:Biographie, Deutsche.
792:
687:
658:
644:
566:
496:
238:
2462:10.1093/ref:odnb/8526
2329:Charlotte and Leopold
2175:Jane Roberts (1997).
2103:History of Psychiatry
1987:Jones, Steve (1996).
790:
685:
652:
639:
555:
490:
360:Marie Louise Victoire
350:Victoria was born in
312:Princess of Leiningen
264:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
239:Marie Louise Victoire
127:, Frogmore, Berkshire
31:Princess of Leiningen
3587:19th-century regents
2680:UK National Archives
2651:Woodham-Smith, Cecil
2538:Victoria's Daughters
2389:Hibbert, Christopher
2367:Hibbert, Christopher
1907:Victoria's Daughters
1885:(Hutchinson, 2002).
610:King Charles Spaniel
542:King of the Belgians
258:Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
83:Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
3209:Catherine Middleton
2636:. Ballatine Books.
2478:Longford, Elizabeth
2433:Longford, Elizabeth
2414:Victoria and Albert
1946:Scientific American
1942:McKusick, Victor A.
1481:, pp. 164–167.
848:Victoria and Albert
597:Duchess of Clarence
85:, Holy Roman Empire
3637:Daughters of dukes
3597:People from Coburg
3444:Alessandra de Osma
3175:Lady Diana Spencer
1800:, pp. 218–20.
1656:, pp. 211–12.
863:Catherine Flemming
858:The Young Victoria
853:Miranda Richardson
838:Edward the Seventh
817:Windsor Great Park
793:
706:Rumours of affairs
688:
659:
632:Both the King and
622:Duke of Wellington
605:Victorian morality
589:Duke of Cumberland
567:
497:
3607:Duchesses of Kent
3544:
3543:
3502:Duchesses of Kent
3468:
3467:
3240:
3239:
3193:Sophie Rhys-Jones
3153:Katharine Worsley
3015:The Princess Mary
2865:
2864:
2860:
2643:978-0-345-46195-7
2607:978-0-300-08950-9
2596:Becoming Victoria
2572:978-0-297-83225-6
2555:978-1-85109-355-7
2511:(Subscription or
2468:(Subscription or
2425:978-0-312-30385-3
2402:978-0-306-81085-5
2395:. Da Capo Press.
2358:978-0-345-52001-2
2339:978-1-905847-23-5
2188:978-0-300-07079-8
2023:978-1-4251-6810-0
1863:, pp. 75–76.
1833:Somerset, p. 209.
1668:, pp. 27–28.
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
855:in the 2009 film
756:Empress Frederick
580:Kensington System
518:Kensington Palace
493:Sir George Hayter
469:Kensington Palace
449:Schloss Ehrenburg
314:and subsequently
305:
304:
244:
243:
3654:
3627:House of Hanover
3495:
3488:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3244:
3243:
3229:in her own right
3227:British princess
2892:
2885:
2878:
2869:
2868:
2852:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2688:
2683:
2647:
2611:
2599:
2559:
2519:
2516:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2485:
2473:
2465:
2429:
2417:
2406:
2384:
2362:
2343:
2322:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2236:The Buffalo News
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2208:Telegraph Herald
2199:
2193:
2192:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2098:
2092:
2078:Röhl, John C. G.
2075:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1916:
1910:
1903:
1894:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1711:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1527:, pp. 9–10.
1522:
1516:
1515:
1504:
1498:
1493:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1457:
1451:
1440:
1421:
1418:
1412:
1409:
899:
898:
890:
889:
667:Regency Act 1830
593:Duke of Clarence
534:heir presumptive
338:, fourth son of
301:
236:
224:
223:
187:
185:
162:
160:
96:
75:
73:
58:
55:
46:
21:
20:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3632:Royal reburials
3547:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3504:
3499:
3469:
3464:
3448:
3432:
3406:
3380:
3364:
3348:
3332:
3291:
3284:king of Hanover
3276:
3271:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3218:
3202:11th generation
3197:
3167:10th generation
3162:
3136:
3110:
3074:
3036:
3020:
2973:
2952:
2936:
2920:
2901:
2896:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2846:
2829:
2798:
2777:
2754:
2739:
2734:
2674:
2671:
2644:
2608:
2556:
2517:
2510:
2502:
2500:
2467:
2426:
2403:
2381:
2359:
2340:
2311:King William IV
2306:
2301:
2291:
2289:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2254:
2250:
2240:
2238:
2228:
2224:
2214:
2212:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2173:
2169:
2159:
2157:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2099:
2095:
2076:
2069:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2044:. 29 March 2022
2036:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1985:
1981:
1974:
1957:
1953:
1939:
1935:
1925:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1904:
1897:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1820:
1816:
1808:
1804:
1796:
1792:
1784:
1780:
1772:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1664:
1660:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1612:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1566:
1562:
1554:
1543:
1535:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1494:
1485:
1477:
1473:
1458:
1454:
1441:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1389:
1384:
887:
878:Queen Charlotte
843:Penelope Wilton
825:
819:to her memory.
785:
714:
708:
696:Baroness Lehzen
680:
563:William Beechey
550:
485:
461:King William IV
441:King George III
433:
431:Second marriage
425:
409:Reuss-Ebersdorf
397:
392:
348:
269:
232:
218:
190:
189:
181:
177:
174:
164:
156:
152:
149:
131:
130:
123:
111:
98:
94:
77:
71:
69:
68:
59:
56:
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3660:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3528:
3522:
3516:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3498:
3497:
3490:
3483:
3475:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3437:7th generation
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3412:
3411:6th generation
3408:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3388:
3386:
3385:5th generation
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3372:
3370:
3369:4th generation
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3353:3rd generation
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3340:
3338:
3337:2nd generation
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3299:
3297:
3296:1st generation
3293:
3292:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3270:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3247:
3238:
3237:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3187:Sarah Ferguson
3183:
3178:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3141:9th generation
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3115:8th generation
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3080:
3079:7th generation
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3041:6th generation
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3028:
3026:
3025:5th generation
3022:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2978:4th generation
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2957:3rd generation
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2944:
2942:
2941:2nd generation
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2925:1st generation
2922:
2921:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2895:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2872:
2863:
2862:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2837:
2835:
2834:5th generation
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2803:4th generation
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2785:
2783:
2782:2nd generation
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2769:
2762:
2760:
2759:1st generation
2756:
2755:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2733:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2689:
2670:
2669:External links
2667:
2666:
2665:
2648:
2642:
2630:Williams, Kate
2626:
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2222:
2194:
2187:
2167:
2142:
2133:
2124:
2093:
2067:
2065:, p. 394.
2063:Rappaport 2003
2055:
2029:
2022:
2004:
1997:
1979:
1972:
1951:
1933:
1911:
1895:
1883:The Victorians
1881:A. N. Wilson,
1874:
1872:Packard, p. 85
1865:
1853:
1844:
1835:
1826:
1814:
1812:, p. 242.
1802:
1790:
1788:, p. 101.
1786:Rappaport 2003
1778:
1766:
1764:, p. 227.
1754:
1752:, p. 226.
1742:
1721:
1712:
1688:
1679:
1670:
1658:
1646:
1637:
1625:
1610:
1598:
1572:
1570:, p. 164.
1560:
1556:Longford 2004b
1541:
1529:
1517:
1499:
1496:Longford 2004a
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1471:
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1034:
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1030:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1004:
998:
995:
994:
991:
990:
988:
985:
984:
982:
979:
978:
972:
969:
968:
965:
964:
962:
960:
958:
955:
954:
952:
949:
948:
946:
940:
937:
936:
933:
932:
930:
927:
926:
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921:
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914:
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910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
895:
894:
888:
886:
883:
829:Alison Leggatt
824:
821:
806:Windsor Castle
784:
781:
741:
740:
733:
707:
704:
692:Princess Royal
679:
678:Reconciliation
676:
634:Queen Adelaide
549:
546:
484:
481:
473:Queen Victoria
432:
429:
424:
421:
396:
395:First marriage
393:
391:
388:
384:King George IV
358:and was named
347:
344:
320:Queen Victoria
303:
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254:
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246:
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143:
142:
139:
137:
133:
132:
129:
128:
120:
113:
112:
108:
104:
103:
100:Frogmore House
97:(aged 74)
91:
87:
86:
76:17 August 1786
65:
61:
60:
47:
39:
38:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3659:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
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3620:
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3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
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3335:
3329:
3326:
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3289:
3285:
3279:
3275:
3268:
3263:
3261:
3256:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3245:
3234:
3230:
3228:
3221:
3215:
3214:Meghan Markle
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3181:Camilla Shand
3179:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3095:
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3066:
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3043:
3039:
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3029:
3027:
3023:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2969:Anne Luttrell
2967:
2965:
2964:Maria Walpole
2962:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2933:
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2927:
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2801:
2795:
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2787:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2751:Saxe-Saalfeld
2748:
2742:
2738:
2731:
2726:
2724:
2719:
2717:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2664:
2663:0-241-02200-2
2660:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2624:0-7195-6628-2
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2588:
2587:1-85619-086-2
2584:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2533:
2532:0-297-83166-6
2529:
2525:
2521:
2514:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2448:
2446:
2445:0-297-17001-5
2442:
2438:
2437:Victoria R.I.
2434:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2380:0-00-638843-4
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2237:
2233:
2226:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2190:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2171:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2137:
2128:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2091:
2090:0-593-04148-8
2087:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2072:
2064:
2059:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2000:
1998:0-00-255511-5
1994:
1990:
1983:
1975:
1973:0-00-255020-2
1969:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1921:
1915:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1892:
1891:0-09-179421-8
1888:
1884:
1878:
1869:
1862:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1824:, p. 72.
1823:
1818:
1811:
1806:
1799:
1798:Williams 2010
1794:
1787:
1782:
1776:, p. 33.
1775:
1770:
1763:
1762:Williams 2010
1758:
1751:
1750:Williams 2010
1746:
1739:
1738:0-7394-2025-9
1735:
1731:
1725:
1716:
1710:, pp. 133–136
1709:
1708:0-316-11459-6
1705:
1701:
1697:
1696:Lacey, Robert
1692:
1683:
1674:
1667:
1662:
1655:
1654:Williams 2010
1650:
1641:
1635:, p. 47.
1634:
1629:
1623:, p. 20.
1622:
1617:
1615:
1608:, p. 63.
1607:
1602:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1569:
1564:
1557:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1539:, p. 34.
1538:
1533:
1526:
1521:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1480:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1448:3-593-37763-2
1445:
1439:
1437:
1432:
1417:
1408:
1404:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1003:
997:
996:
993:
992:
987:
986:
981:
980:
977:
971:
970:
967:
966:
957:
956:
951:
950:
945:
939:
938:
935:
934:
929:
928:
923:
922:
919:
913:
901:
900:
897:
896:
892:
891:
882:
880:
879:
874:
873:
868:
864:
860:
859:
854:
850:
849:
844:
840:
839:
834:
830:
820:
818:
814:
809:
807:
803:
799:
789:
780:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
760:Purple Secret
757:
752:
750:
746:
738:
734:
731:
727:
723:
722:
721:
719:
713:
703:
701:
700:Prince Albert
697:
693:
684:
675:
672:
668:
664:
656:
651:
647:
643:
638:
635:
630:
628:
627:FitzClarences
623:
617:
615:
611:
606:
600:
598:
594:
590:
585:
581:
576:
572:
564:
560:
559:
554:
545:
543:
539:
535:
529:
527:
523:
519:
514:
512:
507:
502:
494:
489:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
435:The death of
428:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
343:
341:
337:
336:Prince Edward
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
300:
296:
292:
289:
286:
282:
279:
276:
272:
265:
262:
259:
256:
255:
253:
251:
247:
240:
235:
230:
225:
221:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
199:
197:
193:
173:
166:
165:
148:
141:
140:
138:
134:
126:
122:1 August 1861
121:
119:
116:Royal Vault,
115:
114:
110:25 March 1861
109:
105:
101:
93:16 March 1861
92:
88:
84:
80:
66:
62:
51:
45:
40:
37:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3535:
3530:
3518:
3456:
3317:
3232:
3224:
3185:
3173:
3103:
3096:
3067:
2999:
2916:
2912:
2857:
2853:
2824:
2654:
2633:
2615:
2595:
2578:
2563:
2545:
2537:
2523:
2501:. Retrieved
2487:
2451:
2436:
2413:
2392:
2370:
2348:
2328:
2318:
2310:
2304:Bibliography
2290:. Retrieved
2286:
2277:
2265:. Retrieved
2261:
2251:
2239:. Retrieved
2235:
2225:
2213:. Retrieved
2206:
2197:
2177:
2170:
2158:. Retrieved
2154:
2145:
2136:
2127:
2102:
2096:
2081:
2058:
2046:. Retrieved
2041:
2032:
2013:
2007:
1988:
1982:
1963:
1960:Jones, Steve
1954:
1945:
1936:
1924:. Retrieved
1914:
1906:
1882:
1877:
1868:
1856:
1847:
1842:Allen, p.225
1838:
1829:
1822:Vallone 2001
1817:
1805:
1793:
1781:
1774:Hibbert 2001
1769:
1757:
1745:
1729:
1724:
1715:
1699:
1691:
1682:
1673:
1666:Hibbert 2001
1661:
1649:
1640:
1628:
1606:Vallone 2001
1601:
1589:. Retrieved
1584:
1575:
1563:
1532:
1525:Hibbert 2000
1520:
1511:
1502:
1474:
1465:
1455:
1416:
1407:
1121:
877:
870:
865:in the 2016
856:
846:
836:
826:
810:
794:
759:
753:
745:haemophiliac
742:
718:A. N. Wilson
715:
689:
660:
645:
640:
631:
618:
601:
568:
556:
530:
515:
506:Duke of York
498:
434:
426:
398:
359:
349:
328:Principality
315:
311:
307:
306:
260:(until 1826)
95:(1861-03-16)
48:Portrait by
29:
18:
3562:1861 deaths
3557:1786 births
3527:(1934–1942)
3521:(1818–1820)
3515:(1710–1728)
2747:Saxe-Coburg
2287:Radio Times
2262:Radio Times
1810:Barrow 1831
1591:7 September
671:come of age
575:comptroller
571:John Conroy
477:John Conroy
413:Prince Carl
266:(from 1826)
57: 1818
50:George Dawe
3551:Categories
3288:George III
2515:required.)
2472:required.)
2241:13 January
1621:Hough 1996
1512:www.rct.uk
1428:References
726:hæmophilia
716:Historian
710:See also:
548:Royal feud
522:Civil List
511:Parliament
463:, married
346:Early life
340:George III
72:1786-08-17
3532:Katharine
2480:(2004b).
2267:29 August
1893:, page 25
1861:Gill 2009
1633:Gill 2009
1537:Gill 2009
823:Portrayal
768:Charlotte
764:porphyria
737:porphyria
501:pneumonia
483:Widowhood
390:Marriages
294:Signature
234:‹See Tfd›
3519:Victoria
3225:*also a
2917:princess
2909:George I
2632:(2010).
2503:23 March
2391:(2001).
2369:(2000).
2215:5 August
2119:21877427
2048:25 March
1962:(1993).
1568:Chambers
1479:Chambers
1450:, S. 20.
1387:See also
885:Ancestry
872:Victoria
802:Frogmore
749:X-linked
237:German:
3536:(1961–)
3457:also a
2753:in 1699
2694:at the
2653:(1972)
2435:(1964)
2160:5 March
1926:20 June
1698:(2006)
869:series
831:in the
772:Feodora
663:regency
526:Leopold
495:in 1835
423:Regency
376:Leopold
188:
180:
176:
163:
155:
151:
136:Spouses
3525:Marina
3513:Jemima
2913:prince
2661:
2640:
2622:
2604:
2585:
2570:
2552:
2530:
2509:
2466:
2443:
2422:
2399:
2377:
2355:
2336:
2292:1 June
2185:
2117:
2088:
2020:
1995:
1970:
1889:
1736:
1706:
1587:. HMSO
1446:
835:drama
657:, 1846
584:regent
565:, 1821
538:regent
453:Coburg
401:Coburg
366:, and
352:Coburg
284:Mother
274:Father
107:Burial
79:Coburg
1399:Notes
861:, by
851:, by
841:, by
783:Death
250:House
227:Names
196:Issue
182:(
178:
157:(
153:
2915:and
2749:and
2659:ISBN
2638:ISBN
2620:ISBN
2602:ISBN
2583:ISBN
2568:ISBN
2550:ISBN
2528:ISBN
2505:2012
2441:ISBN
2420:ISBN
2397:ISBN
2375:ISBN
2353:ISBN
2334:ISBN
2294:2023
2269:2016
2243:2012
2217:2012
2183:ISBN
2162:2023
2115:PMID
2086:ISBN
2050:2024
2018:ISBN
1993:ISBN
1968:ISBN
1928:2010
1887:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1704:ISBN
1593:2021
1444:ISBN
1336:15.
1278:14.
1216:13.
1158:12.
1094:11.
1036:10.
614:Dash
332:Karl
90:Died
64:Born
2494:doi
2458:doi
2107:doi
1304:7.
1242:3.
1184:6.
1120:1.
1062:5.
1000:2.
974:9.
942:4.
916:8.
867:ITV
833:ATV
815:in
800:at
728:in
561:by
457:Kew
3553::
3286:,
2843:**
2678:.
2486:.
2285:.
2260:.
2234:.
2205:.
2153:.
2113:.
2070:^
2040:.
1898:^
1613:^
1583:.
1544:^
1510:.
1486:^
1464:.
1435:^
881:.
808:.
616:.
612:,
451:,
342:.
184:m.
159:m.
81:,
54:c.
52:,
3494:e
3487:t
3480:v
3290:.
3266:e
3259:t
3252:v
3235:.
3093:*
3017:*
2891:e
2884:t
2877:v
2774:*
2768:*
2729:e
2722:t
2715:v
2682:.
2646:.
2610:.
2574:.
2558:.
2507:.
2496::
2464:.
2460::
2428:.
2405:.
2383:.
2361:.
2342:.
2296:.
2271:.
2245:.
2219:.
2191:.
2164:.
2121:.
2109::
2052:.
2026:.
2001:.
1976:.
1930:.
1740:.
1595:.
1558:.
1514:.
1468:.
74:)
70:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
