2531:. Competition is the key tool by which markets overcome the individual firm's profit maximization incentive. The profit motive is a good of value to the economy. According to free market economic theory, it is needed to provide incentive to generate efficiency and innovation. However, over-remuneration of the profit motive creates profit inefficiency. With massive reductions in competition in many industries due to consolidation and mergers, the US economy has become profit inefficient, with record profits occurring in recent years. This creates a deadweight loss to the economy.
51:
987:
1814:
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911:
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rational, objectively demonstrated and validated code of moral principles which define and determine his actual self-interest. It is not a license “to do as he pleases” and it is not applicable to the altruists’ image of a “selfish” brute nor to any man motivated by irrational emotions, feelings, urges, wishes or whims.
2638:
uses supermarkets as an example to illustrate this point: "It has been estimated that a supermarket makes a clear profit of about a penny on a dollar of sales. If that sounds pretty skimpy, remember that it is collecting that penny on every dollar at several cash registers simultaneously and, in many
2569:
companies either because they have a fiduciary responsibility to make as much money as they can for their shareholders. Well, the way they make more money is to deny claims or to kick people off the rolls or to not even let people on the rolls because they have a pre-existing condition. You know, all
2526:
explains, “If there is no profit in making an article, it is a sign that the labor and capital devoted to its production are misdirected: the value of the resources that must be used up in making the article is greater than the value of the article itself." In other words, profits let companies know
2733:
In microeconomics courses, profit maximization is frequently given as the goal of the firm. In microeconomics, profit maximization functions largely as a theoretical goal, with economists using it to prove how firms behave rationally to increase profit. Unfortunately, it ignores many real-world
2677:
ethics holds that the actor must always be the beneficiary of his action and that man must act for his own rational self-interest. But his right to do so is derived from his nature as man and from the function of moral values in human life—and, therefore, is applicable only in the context of a
2794:
Ballasy, Nicholas. "Michael Moore: 'It's
Absolutely a Good Thing' for Government to Drive Private Health Insurance Out of Business." Michael Moore: 'It's Absolutely a Good Thing' for Government to Drive Private Health Insurance Out of Business. CNS News, 02 Oct. 2009. Web. 22 Apr.
2633:
economists argue that the profit motive, coupled with competition, often reduces the final price of an item for consumption, rather than raising it. They argue that businesses profit by selling a good at a lower price and at a greater volume than the competition. Economist
2656:, Friedman states, "The world runs on individuals pursuing their separate interests." He continues by arguing that only in capitalist countries, where individuals can pursue their own self-interest, people have been able to escape from "grinding poverty".
2527:
whether an item is worth producing. Theoretically in free and competitive markets, if an individual firm maximizes profits, it ensures that resources are not wasted. However, the market itself, should minimize profits as it is the cost to the
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is "to make money" - not in the sense of increasing the firm's stock of means of payment (which is usually kept to a necessary minimum because means of payment incur costs, i.e. interest or foregone yields), but in the sense of "increasing
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on its social teaching argues that "environmental protection cannot be assured solely on the basis of financial calculations of costs and benefits. The environment is one of those goods that cannot be adequately safeguarded or promoted by
2514:
Theoretically, when an economy is fully competitive (i.e. has no market imperfections like externalities, monopolies, information or power imbalances etc), the profit motive ensures that resources are being allocated
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Another common criticism of the profit motive is that it is believed to encourage selfishness and greed. Critics of the profit motive contend that companies disregard morals or
2565:
We should have no talk of profit when it comes to helping people who are sick. The profit motive should be nowhere involved in this. And you know what? It's not fair to the
2756:
Recorded during the 2008 Mises
University, Jeffrey Tucker interviews leading Austrian Economists on the topic of Henry Hazlitt's classic book Economics in One Lesson.
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Is it realistic to hope that those who are obsessed with maximizing profits will stop to reflect on the environmental damage which they will leave behind for
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841:
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tend to pursue what is in their own best interests. In accordance with this doctrine, businesses seek to benefit themselves and/or their
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Sowell, Thomas. "Profit Motive
Underrated By Intelligentsia." Sun-sentinel.com. Sun-Sentinel, 26 Dec. 2003. Web. 22 Apr. 2013.
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1996:
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2714:. Issues in Business Ethics. Vol. 23. Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media (published 2007). p. 41.
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622:
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2483:". Stated differently, the reason for a business's existence is to turn a profit. The profit motive is a key tenet of
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The majority of criticisms against the profit motive center on the idea that profits should not supersede the
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2836:"'Occupy Wall Street' Protests Give Voice to Anger Over Greed, Corporate Culture"
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for its alleged emphasis on profits at the expense of patients. Moore explains:
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23:. "Maximization (economics)" redirects here. For utility maximization, see
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2769:"Corporate Profits Reached Record High of Nearly $ 3 Trillion in 2021"
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2785:"Press Room", Michaelmoore.com. Michael Moore. Web. 22 Apr. 2013.
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1991:
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defended selfishness on ethical grounds. Her nonfiction work,
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1921:
414:
364:
2811:, paragraph 470, published 29 June 2004, accessed 4 May 2024
2708:
Duska, Ronald F. (1997). "The Why's of
Business Revisited".
2909:(Ix. Print ed.). New York: Signet Book. Archived from
2824:, paragraph 190, published 24 May 2015, accessed 6 May 2024
2506:, the profit motive has been a major matter of contention.
2061:
740:
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318:
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2834:Baldor, Lolita C.; Press, Associated (2011-10-05).
19:For profit in economics and political economy, see
2903:The Virtue of Selfishness: A New Concept of Egoism
2650:are universal human traits. On a 1979 episode of
2931:
2870:"Milton Friedman Answers Phil Donahue's Charges"
2809:Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church
2435:
1838:
947:
16:Motivation for businesses to maximize profits
2867:
2746:Joseph T. Salerno,Jeffrey A. Tucker (2008).
2833:
2711:Contemporary Reflections on Business Ethics
2143:International Financial Reporting Standards
832:International Financial Reporting Standards
797:Separation of investment and retail banking
2442:
2428:
1845:
1831:
954:
940:
2805:Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace
2932:
2707:
2625:
2133:Generally-accepted auditing standards
2502:As it extends beyond economics into
2474:posits that the ultimate goal of a
2148:International Standards on Auditing
13:
871:Private equity and venture capital
782:Bank for International Settlements
14:
2991:
2205:Notes to the financial statements
916:Business and Economics portal
2153:Management Accounting Principles
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264:Collateralised debt obligation
174:Bull (stock market speculator)
1:
2694:
2545:protection of the environment
2534:
2128:Generally-accepted principles
610:Final consumption expenditure
2509:
7:
2682:
2622:in the pursuit of profits.
2557:, for example, attacks the
10:
2996:
2752:Ludwig Von Mises Institute
2646:has argued that greed and
2639:cases, around the clock."
842:Professional certification
440:Enterprise risk management
224:Offshore financial centres
18:
2748:"The Function of Profits"
2666:The Virtue of Selfishness
1997:Constant purchasing power
1894:Constant purchasing power
787:Financial Stability Board
2900:(1964). "Introduction".
2328:Accounting organizations
2316:People and organizations
1075:JEL classification codes
476:Mergers and acquisitions
2659:Author and philosopher
2076:Amortization (business)
1261:Industrial organization
1118:Computational economics
2868:Travis Pantin (2007).
2616:
2572:
2485:rational choice theory
2468:maximize their profits
2466:that operate so as to
1113:Experimental economics
278:certificate of deposit
2653:The Phil Donahue Show
2608:
2563:
2487:, or the theory that
2462:is the motivation of
2200:Management discussion
229:Conduit and sink OFCs
2472:microeconomic theory
2167:Financial statements
2120:Accounting standards
1340:Social choice theory
455:Financial statements
435:Credit rating agency
360:Repurchase agreement
2604:rhetorical question
2559:healthcare industry
2393:Earnings management
2363:Positive accounting
2237:Double-entry system
2227:Bank reconciliation
2032:Revenue recognition
1807:Business portal
1128:Operations research
1108:National accounting
891:Accounting scandals
881:Stock market bubble
601:Government spending
558:Employment contract
510:Corporate tax haven
269:Credit default swap
2626:Counter-criticisms
2612:future generations
2521:Austrian economist
2368:Sarbanes–Oxley Act
2303:Sarbanes–Oxley Act
2232:Debits and credits
2067:Cost of goods sold
2022:Matching principle
1138:Industrial complex
1133:Middle income trap
886:Stock market crash
736:Investment banking
726:Fractional-reserve
691:Warrant of payment
640:Government revenue
563:Financial planning
481:Structured finance
21:Profit (economics)
2898:Nathaniel Branden
2595:encyclical letter
2570:of that is wrong.
2452:
2451:
2413:Two sets of books
2408:Off-balance-sheet
2050:Selected accounts
1987:Accounting period
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430:Corporate finance
425:Capital structure
420:Capital budgeting
355:Performance bonds
236:
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219:Financial centres
179:Financial planner
79:Asset (economics)
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2874:The New York Sun
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2775:. April 1, 2022.
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2519:. For instance,
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864:Economic history
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657:Deficit spending
631:Transfer payment
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525:Transfer pricing
471:Leveraged buyout
445:Enterprise value
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314:Letter of credit
299:Futures contract
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130:Over-the-counter
119:Foreign exchange
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2644:Milton Friedman
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2576:Catholic Church
2549:Michael Moore's
2541:needs of people
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2489:economic agents
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2002:Economic entity
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2593:, in his 2015
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1152:
1150:By application
1149:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1004:
999:
991:
990:
982:
981:
975:
974:
962:
961:
959:
958:
951:
944:
936:
933:
932:
931:
930:
918:
906:
898:
897:
894:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
867:
862:
861:
858:
857:
852:
851:
850:
849:
844:
839:
834:
824:
812:
811:
808:
807:
802:
801:
800:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
766:
765:
757:
756:
754:Lists of banks
749:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
712:
711:
706:
705:
702:
701:
696:
695:
694:
693:
688:
683:
681:
680:
675:
664:
662:
660:
659:
654:
648:
643:
642:
636:
635:
634:
633:
628:
626:
625:
623:Redistribution
620:
614:
612:
604:
603:
595:
590:
589:
586:
585:
582:
581:
579:
578:
573:
567:
565:
560:
555:
545:
540:
539:
536:
535:
530:
529:
528:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
498:
497:
491:
490:
489:
488:
483:
478:
473:
465:
464:
460:
459:
458:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
404:
403:
397:
392:
391:
388:
387:
383:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
350:
349:
343:
338:
328:
327:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
271:
266:
261:
256:
250:
249:
244:
243:
240:
239:
234:
233:
232:
231:
226:
221:
213:
212:
206:
205:
204:
203:
198:
193:
192:
191:
181:
176:
171:
169:Angel investor
163:
162:
156:
155:
154:
153:
148:
143:
138:
136:Private equity
133:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
73:
72:
64:
59:
58:
55:
54:
46:
45:
39:
38:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2992:
2981:
2980:Neoliberalism
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2916:on 2020-11-12
2912:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2875:
2871:
2864:
2855:
2841:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2817:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2791:
2782:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2734:complexities.
2723:
2721:9781402049842
2717:
2713:
2712:
2703:
2699:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2648:self-interest
2645:
2640:
2637:
2636:Thomas Sowell
2632:
2623:
2621:
2620:public safety
2615:
2613:
2607:
2606:to this text:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2587:market forces
2583:
2582:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2530:
2525:
2524:Henry Hazlitt
2522:
2518:
2507:
2505:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2470:. Mainstream
2469:
2465:
2461:
2460:profit motive
2457:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2433:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2398:Error account
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2378:
2377:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2343:
2342:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2313:
2312:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2262:
2261:Trial balance
2259:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2242:FIFO and LIFO
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2180:Balance sheet
2178:
2176:
2175:Annual report
2173:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2162:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2047:
2046:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2012:Going concern
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1977:
1976:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1848:
1843:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1810:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
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1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1408:de Mandeville
1406:
1405:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1336:Public choice
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1311:Participation
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1271:Institutional
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1221:Expeditionary
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1211:Environmental
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1041:International
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1017:Branches and
1014:
1013:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
993:
992:
988:
984:
983:
980:
977:
976:
972:
968:
967:
957:
952:
950:
945:
943:
938:
937:
935:
934:
929:
919:
917:
912:
907:
905:
902:
901:
900:
899:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
865:
860:
859:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
829:
828:
827:
822:
821:Financial law
819:
815:
810:
809:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
777:Basel Accords
775:
773:
770:
769:
768:
767:
764:
761:
760:
755:
752:
751:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
713:
709:
704:
703:
692:
689:
687:
684:
679:
676:
673:
669:
666:
665:
663:
658:
655:
653:
650:
649:
647:
646:
645:
644:
641:
638:
637:
632:
629:
624:
621:
619:
616:
615:
613:
611:
608:
607:
606:
605:
602:
599:
598:
593:
588:
587:
577:
574:
572:
569:
568:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
550:
547:
546:
543:
538:
537:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
515:Tax inversion
513:
511:
508:
505:
502:
501:
500:
499:
496:
493:
492:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
468:
467:
466:
462:
461:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
407:
406:
405:
401:
400:
395:
390:
389:
381:
380:Synthetic CDO
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
333:
330:
329:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
279:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
251:
247:
242:
241:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
216:
215:
214:
211:
208:
207:
202:
199:
197:
194:
190:
189:institutional
187:
186:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
166:
165:
164:
161:
158:
157:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
131:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
94:Capital asset
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
76:
75:
74:
71:
68:
67:
62:
57:
56:
52:
48:
47:
44:
41:
40:
36:
32:
31:
26:
22:
2965:Conservatism
2918:. Retrieved
2911:the original
2902:
2888:
2877:. Retrieved
2873:
2863:
2854:
2843:. Retrieved
2840:PBS NewsHour
2839:
2829:
2816:
2800:
2790:
2781:
2773:truthout.org
2772:
2763:
2755:
2741:
2732:
2725:. Retrieved
2710:
2702:
2664:
2658:
2651:
2641:
2629:
2617:
2609:
2597:
2591:Pope Francis
2579:
2573:
2564:
2552:
2538:
2513:
2501:
2493:shareholders
2459:
2453:
2333:Luca Pacioli
2254: /
2074: /
2072:Depreciation
1980:Key concepts
1952:Governmental
1777:Publications
1742:
1365:Sociological
1338: /
1236:Geographical
1216:Evolutionary
1191:Digitization
1156:Agricultural
1060:Mathematical
1031:Econometrics
817:
746:Money supply
731:Full-reserve
716:Central bank
576:Student loan
551: /
463:Transactions
274:Time deposit
160:Participants
89:Asset growth
2975:Nationalism
2822:Laudato si'
2675:Objectivist
2631:Free-market
2599:Laudato si'
2529:value chain
2517:efficiently
2346:Development
2323:Accountants
2219:Bookkeeping
2138:Convergence
2096:Liabilities
2027:Materiality
1915:Major types
1613:von Neumann
1266:Information
1206:Engineering
1186:Development
1181:Demographic
1123:Game theory
1065:Methodology
284:Credit line
246:Instruments
141:Real estate
104:Derivatives
2970:Liberalism
2950:Accounting
2945:Motivation
2934:Categories
2920:2018-06-19
2879:2018-06-19
2845:2018-06-19
2695:References
2642:Economist
2581:Compendium
2535:Criticisms
2381:Misconduct
2007:Fair value
1957:Management
1899:Management
1870:Accounting
1772:Economists
1643:Schumacher
1548:Schumpeter
1518:von Wieser
1438:von ThĂĽnen
1399:economists
1375:Statistics
1370:Solidarity
1291:Managerial
1256:Humanistic
1251:Historical
1196:Ecological
1161:Behavioral
1055:Mainstream
814:Regulation
618:Operations
571:Retirement
410:Accounting
294:Derivative
201:Speculator
33:Part of a
2706:Compare:
2689:Incentive
2602:, adds a
2567:insurance
2510:Economics
2481:net worth
2456:economics
2403:Hollywood
2283:Financial
2185:Cash-flow
1942:Financial
1688:Greenspan
1653:Samuelson
1633:Galbraith
1603:Tinbergen
1543:von Mises
1538:Heckscher
1498:Edgeworth
1316:Personnel
1276:Knowledge
1241:Happiness
1231:Financial
1201:Education
1176:Democracy
1070:Political
1036:Heterodox
979:Economics
876:Recession
837:ISO 31000
520:Tax haven
394:Corporate
309:Insurance
304:Indemnity
210:Locations
99:Commodity
2894:Ayn Rand
2683:See also
2661:Ayn Rand
2504:ideology
2476:business
2388:Creative
2358:Research
2288:Internal
2275:Auditing
2091:Goodwill
2086:Expenses
1937:Forensic
1862:a series
1860:Part of
1781:journals
1767:Glossary
1718:Stiglitz
1683:Rothbard
1663:Buchanan
1648:Friedman
1638:Koopmans
1628:Leontief
1608:Robinson
1493:Marshall
1397:Notable
1345:Regional
1321:Planning
1296:Monetary
1226:Feminist
1171:Cultural
1166:Business
971:a series
969:Part of
652:Taxation
542:Personal
495:Taxation
370:Security
324:Mortgage
184:Investor
2955:Finance
2543:or the
2497:profits
2353:History
2247:Journal
2106:Revenue
1992:Accrual
1787:Schools
1779: (
1738:Piketty
1733:Krugman
1598:Kuznets
1588:Kalecki
1563:Polanyi
1453:Cournot
1448:Bastiat
1433:Ricardo
1423:Malthus
1413:Quesnay
1385:Welfare
1355:Service
1026:Applied
1002:Outline
997:History
904:Outline
708:Banking
672:balance
670: (
402:General
334: (
289:Deposit
109:Domains
61:Markets
43:Finance
25:Utility
2940:Profit
2727:8 July
2718:
2458:, the
2298:Report
2252:Ledger
2195:Income
2190:Equity
2101:Profit
2081:Equity
2057:Assets
1962:Social
1927:Budget
1723:Thaler
1703:Ostrom
1698:Becker
1693:Sowell
1673:Baumol
1578:Myrdal
1573:Sraffa
1568:Frisch
1558:Knight
1553:Keynes
1528:Fisher
1523:Veblen
1508:Pareto
1488:Menger
1483:George
1478:Jevons
1473:Walras
1463:Gossen
1331:Public
1326:Policy
1281:Labour
1246:Health
1103:Market
816:
668:Budget
592:Public
549:Credit
506:(BEPS)
341:exotic
332:Option
196:Retail
114:Equity
70:Assets
35:series
2914:(PDF)
2907:(PDF)
2795:2013.
2554:Sicko
2551:film
2464:firms
2293:Firms
1922:Audit
1760:Lists
1728:Hoppe
1713:Lucas
1678:Solow
1668:Arrow
1658:Simon
1623:Lange
1618:Hicks
1593:Röpke
1583:Hayek
1533:Pigou
1503:Clark
1418:Smith
1380:Urban
1360:Socio
1350:Rural
1050:Macro
1046:Micro
1007:Index
415:Audit
365:Stock
151:Stock
124:Money
2729:2019
2716:ISBN
2673:The
2574:The
2062:Cash
1947:Fund
1932:Cost
1744:more
1468:Marx
1458:Mill
1443:List
741:Loan
678:Debt
553:Debt
336:call
319:Loan
259:Cash
254:Bond
146:Spot
84:Bond
2589:."
2578:'s
2454:In
1967:Tax
1904:Tax
1708:Sen
1428:Say
1286:Law
346:put
2936::
2896:;
2872:.
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1864:on
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