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67:
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40:
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Proteas are currently cultivated in over 20 countries. Cultivation is restricted to
Mediterranean and subtropical climates. Three categories of traits have to be considered before developing a new cultivar. The yield or production capacity of the cultivar must be considered. The ease of handling and
527:
species exhibit both self-pollination and cross-pollination as a method of reproduction. Cross-pollination is preferred, though, as a method of reproduction because it provides genetic diversity in the population. When cultivating proteas, breeders use hand pollination as a controlled method to
498:
Proteas are pollinated by birds, insects, and wind. All the florets open big enough for small and medium beetles to land and feed on their nectar before flying to other heads pollinating them in the process. Some protea flower species, like the
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in the flower's center is cream colored. The ovary is protected by the receptacle, and thus is not seen when looking at the flower, but the anthers are present at the top of the flower, which can then easily transfer the pollen to the vectors.
391:. The extraordinary richness and diversity of species characteristic of the Cape flora are thought to be caused in part by the diverse landscape, where populations can become isolated from each other and in time develop into separate species.
1881:
552:
are diploid organisms, thus they can freely hybridize with closely related species to form new cultivars. Unusually, not all the genera within the family
Proteaceae can hybridize freely; for example,
564:
results in pollinated flowers that yield either no fruit, or seedless fruit, as the resulting plant embryos, from the incompatible pollen and ovum, fail to develop.
470:, concentrated in Australia and South America and the other smaller segments of Gondwana that are now part of eastern Asia. Africa shares only one genus with
413:
which are very different from each other; he misunderstood them to be two different species, and he compared those forms to the ability of Greek god
474:, whereas South America and Australia share many common genera – this indicates they separated from Africa before they separated from each other.
1741:
Dettmann, Mary E.; Jarzen, David M. (April 1991). "Pollen evidence for Late
Cretaceous differentiation of Proteaceae in southern polar forests".
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plant is time-consuming, so good planning when developing the cross combinations and goals are of great importance of the breeding programme.
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in the 17th century. Many species were introduced to Europe in the 18th century, enjoying a unique popularity at the time amongst botanists.
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packaging of the cut stems and the last category is to consider the perceived market value of the cultivar. The cultivation of a
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who could change his form at will. Linnaeus's genus was formed by merging several genera previously published by
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Ben-Jaacov, Jaacov; Silber, Avner (2006). "Leucadendron: A Major
Proteaceous Crop". In Janick, Jules (ed.).
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692:(listed by section: a 'section' has a name in two parts, consisting of the genus name and an epithet).
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601:, they are a member of the subfamily Proteoideae, which has Southern African and Australian members.
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species because of the difference in their haploid chromosome number (13 and 12, respectively). This
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490:, each floret is reddish or pinkish in color and measures between 28.4 to 53.8 millimeters. The
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1693:. Vol. 32. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 169.
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462:, 75–80 million years ago. The Proteaceae are divided into two subfamilies: the
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421:, although precisely which of Boerhaave's genera were included in Linnaeus's
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2005:
1720:. Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa: Centaur Publishing. pp. 44–46.
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1874:: a project to map the distribution of South African plant species, using
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2012:
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1773:"Evidence for beetle pollination in the African grassland sugarbushes (
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when he was examining male and female plants of a species now known as
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454:. Evidence from pollen fossils suggests Proteaceae ancestors grew in
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127:
39:
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1818:. Stellenbosche, Western Cape, South Africa: Sun Media. p. 21.
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523:, and thus rely on cross-pollination for successive seed sets. Some
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Proteas usually flower during spring. Protea flowers have large
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This article is about the plant genus. For further uses, see
339:, South Africa. Most protea species are found south of the
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Proteas attracted the attention of botanists visiting the
1771:
Steenhuisen, Sandy-Lynn; Johnson, Steven D. (May 2012).
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1887:Photographs of flowers from many species of Protea
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331:, a narrow belt of mountainous coastal land from
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507:flowers. Other protea species, however, such as
466:, best represented in southern Africa, and the
1740:
1914:
1187:(oleander-leaf protea, narrow-leaf sugarbush)
528:transfer pollen from one flower to another.
425:varied with each of Linnaeus's publications.
1112:(common sugarbush, Honey flower, Sugarbush)
643:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
327:About 92% of the species occur only in the
1921:
1907:
1841:
38:
1816:Protea cultivation from concept to carton
663:Learn how and when to remove this message
1928:
810:
674:
486:made of small florets packed on a woody
432:
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450:species belong is an ancient one among
16:Genus of South African flowering plants
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353:enclaves across tropical Africa, from
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2736:08ee03b1-293f-4701-a59c-948edf566e34
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1620:participating institution membership
641:adding citations to reliable sources
608:
567:
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536:The common Proteaceae plants, e.g.
13:
1648:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2023
14:
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1882:ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser
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592:
2775:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331879-2
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65:
1781:Plant Systematics and Evolution
1677:. Retrieved 27 September 2023].
556:species cannot be crossed with
446:The family Proteaceae to which
375:ranges from the Cape region to
1844:Breeding Technology for Protea
1807:
1734:
1717:The Proteas of Southern Africa
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1680:
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1592:
1589:. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
1222:(common shuttlecock sugarbush)
1002:(Hart's tongue-fern sugarbush)
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477:
1:
1846:. Fynbos Research. p. 1.
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394:
250:Adans. (1763), nom. superfl.
189:
47:The original South African "
7:
1626:Sunset Western Garden Book,
531:
428:
10:
2850:
1842:Littlejohn, G. M. (2002).
1743:Canadian Journal of Botany
1674:Plants of the World Online
1646:Plants of the World Online
1586:Plants of the World Online
1552:(sandpaper-leaf sugarbush)
685:
604:
18:
2527:
1937:
1801:10.1007/s00606-012-0589-5
1607:Oxford English Dictionary
1399:(mountain-rose sugarbush)
1281:(common ground sugarbush)
1160:Protea lepidocarpodendron
913:(dwarf savanna sugarbush)
870:(tall woodland sugarbush)
389:Mount Kenya National Park
203:
196:
187:
182:
62:Scientific classification
60:
46:
37:
30:
2834:Afrotropical realm flora
1714:Rourke, John P. (1982).
1560:(channel-leaf sugarbush)
999:Protea scolopendriifolia
1814:Malan, Gerhard (2012).
1612:Oxford University Press
1391:(groove-leaf sugarbush)
1305:(rolled-leaf sugarbush)
1297:(smooth-leaf sugarbush)
1195:(brown-beard sugarbush)
1163:(black-beard sugarbush)
805:(Chimanimani sugarbush)
766:(sickle-leaf sugarbush)
726:(Clanwilliam sugarbush)
718:(Drakensberg sugarbush)
597:Within the huge family
562:genetic incompatibility
210:Vaill. ex Meisn. (1856)
21:Protea (disambiguation)
1557:Protea scorzonerifolia
1528:(thong-leaf sugarbush)
1520:(tooth-leaf sugarbush)
1512:(rough-leaf sugarbush)
1450:(Kamiesberg sugarbush)
1289:(large-leaf sugarbush)
1171:(strap-leaf sugarbush)
1104:(Lance-leaf sugarbush)
1077:(stink-leaf sugarbush)
1037:(broad-leaf sugarbush)
1021:(Burchell's sugarbush)
846:(saddleback sugarbush)
820:
688:List of Protea species
683:
443:
410:Leucadendron argenteum
1690:Horticultural Reviews
1544:(reed-leaf sugarbush)
1442:(Marloth's sugarbush)
1420:Protea witzenbergiana
1412:Protea scolymocephala
1356:(tenacious sugarbush)
1348:(Swartberg sugarbush)
1313:(Kleinmond sugarbush)
1254:(waterlily sugarbush)
1230:(Hottentot sugarbush)
1155:(gray-leaf sugarbush)
1096:(Ladysmith sugarbush)
1053:(limestone sugarbush)
1045:(long-leaf sugarbush)
1029:(Bot River sugarbush)
940:(Wentzel's sugarbush)
878:(Transvaal sugarbush)
854:(Barberton sugarbush)
819:shedding mature fruit
814:
734:(large-nut sugarbush)
678:
436:
403:was named in 1735 by
329:Cape Floristic Region
1872:Protea Atlas Project
1868:at Wikimedia Commons
1541:Protea restionifolia
1383:(blackrim sugarbush)
1147:(saw-edge sugarbush)
838:(woodland sugarbush)
637:improve this section
226:L. (1753), nom. rej.
1793:2012PSyEv.298..857S
1610:(Online ed.).
1474:(sulphur sugarbush)
1415:(thistle sugarbush)
1388:Protea canaliculata
1061:(bashful sugarbush)
991:Protea scabriuscula
986:(frosted sugarbush)
932:(Inyanga sugarbush)
905:(African sugarbush)
715:Protea dracomontana
682:, the common protea
383:, including in the
1892:2020-08-15 at the
1536:(Visgat sugarbush)
1517:Protea denticulata
1493:(bishop sugarbush)
1466:(hidden sugarbush)
1340:(tufted sugarbush)
1238:(forest sugarbush)
1144:Protea holosericea
1069:(silver sugarbush)
1050:Protea obtusifolia
937:Protea wentzeliana
929:Protea asymmetrica
910:Protea welwitschii
886:(rocket sugarbush)
875:Protea rubropilosa
821:
774:(krantz sugarbush)
758:(dainty sugarbush)
684:
444:
177:(1771), nom. cons.
2829:Proteaceae genera
2811:
2810:
2744:Open Tree of Life
2521:Taxon identifiers
2512:
2511:
1864:Media related to
1825:978-0-620-55300-1
1700:978-0-471-73216-7
1618:(Subscription or
1490:Protea caespitosa
1407:(Ceres sugarbush)
1404:Protea pityphylla
1364:(Kouga sugarbush)
1332:(leafy sugarbush)
1262:(creeping beauty)
1251:Protea subvestita
1246:(water sugarbush)
1227:Protea lacticolor
1184:Protea neriifolia
1179:(queen sugarbush)
1152:Protea laurifolia
1136:Protea grandiceps
1131:(green sugarbush)
1101:Protea lanceolata
1066:Protea roupelliae
1042:Protea longifolia
1018:Protea burchellii
994:(hoary sugarbush)
956:Protea cynaroides
862:(Blyde sugarbush)
835:Protea angolensis
763:Protea petiolaris
750:(cloud sugarbush)
673:
672:
665:
574:Cape of Good Hope
568:Botanical history
521:self-incompatible
300:of South African
257:
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1471:Protea sulphurea
1463:Protea recondita
1458:(arid sugarbush)
1447:Protea namaquana
1423:(swan sugarbush)
1380:Protea acuminata
1310:Protea angustata
1203:(pink sugarbush)
1176:Protea magnifica
1168:Protea lorifolia
975:Protea cryophila
883:Protea rupestris
867:Protea madiensis
843:Protea comptonii
668:
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505:self-pollinating
460:Upper Cretaceous
419:Herman Boerhaave
346:Protea madiensis
302:flowering plants
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1894:Wayback Machine
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1361:Protea vogtsiae
1302:Protea revoluta
1243:Protea punctata
1192:Protea speciosa
1139:(red sugarbush)
1128:Protea coronata
1093:Protea aristata
1074:Protea susannae
1026:Protea compacta
983:Protea pruinosa
771:Protea rupicola
747:Protea nubigena
710:(common protea)
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2016:
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1985:Austromuellera
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1878:as a flagship.
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1854:External links
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1806:
1787:(5): 857–869.
1777:: Proteaceae)"
1760:
1749:(4): 901–906.
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1455:Protea pendula
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1345:Protea montana
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1337:Protea intonsa
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1329:Protea foliosa
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1306:
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1286:Protea convexa
1282:
1278:Protea acaulos
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1259:Protea venusta
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1200:Protea stokoei
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969:Paracynaroides
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902:Protea gaguedi
889:
888:
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859:Protea laetans
855:
851:Protea curvata
847:
839:
815:Dried head of
809:
808:
807:
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802:Protea enervis
789:
788:
787:
779:Protea simplex
775:
767:
759:
755:Protea parvula
751:
743:
735:
731:Protea inopina
727:
719:
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686:Main article:
671:
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653:September 2013
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603:
594:
593:Classification
591:
581:
578:
569:
566:
533:
530:
479:
476:
468:Grevilleoideae
430:
427:
396:
393:
304:, also called
255:
254:
253:
252:
244:
236:
234:Salisb. (1809)
228:
220:
218:Salisb. (1807)
212:
201:
200:
194:
193:
185:
184:
180:
179:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
108:
107:
102:
95:
94:
89:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
58:
57:
51:" (sugarbush)
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2846:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2517:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2465:
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2455:
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2449:
2448:
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2442:
2441:
2437:
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2434:
2430:
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2427:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2409:
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2406:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2314:Opisthiolepis
2311:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1845:
1838:
1836:
1827:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1776:
1767:
1765:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1729:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1710:
1702:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1683:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1669:
1663:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1634:
1627:
1621:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1575:
1571:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1549:Protea scabra
1546:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1509:Protea aspera
1506:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1439:Protea effusa
1436:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1294:Protea laevis
1291:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1235:Protea mundii
1232:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1109:Protea repens
1106:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1058:Protea pudens
1055:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1034:Protea eximia
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1001:
1000:
996:
993:
992:
988:
985:
984:
980:
978:(snow protea)
977:
976:
972:
971:
970:
966:
963:
959:(king protea)
958:
957:
953:
952:
951:
947:
944:
939:
938:
934:
931:
930:
926:
925:
924:
920:
917:
912:
911:
907:
904:
903:
899:
898:
897:
896:Lasiocephalae
893:
890:
885:
884:
880:
877:
876:
872:
869:
868:
864:
861:
860:
856:
853:
852:
848:
845:
844:
840:
837:
836:
832:
831:
830:
829:Patentiflorae
826:
823:
822:
818:
813:
804:
803:
799:
798:
797:
793:
790:
785:
781:
780:
776:
773:
772:
768:
765:
764:
760:
757:
756:
752:
749:
748:
744:
741:
740:
739:Protea nitida
736:
733:
732:
728:
725:
724:
723:Protea glabra
720:
717:
716:
712:
709:
708:
707:Protea caffra
704:
703:
702:
698:
695:
694:
693:
689:
681:
680:Protea caffra
677:
667:
664:
656:
646:
642:
638:
632:
631:
627:
622:This section
620:
616:
611:
610:
602:
600:
590:
588:
577:
575:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
550:
545:
544:
539:
529:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
496:
493:
489:
485:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
441:
440:
439:Protea eximia
435:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
411:
406:
405:Carl Linnaeus
402:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:
372:Protea caffra
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:
342:
341:Limpopo River
338:
334:
330:
325:
323:
319:
316:). It is the
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
293:
263:
262:
248:
245:
242:Kuntze (1891)
240:
237:
232:
229:
224:
221:
216:
213:
208:
207:Chrysodendron
205:
204:
202:
199:
195:
192:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
170:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
92:Tracheophytes
90:
87:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
68:
63:
59:
56:
55:
54:Protea repens
50:
45:
41:
36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
2528:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2405:Sorocephalus
2403:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2370:Placospermum
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2251:Leucospermum
2249:
2244:Leucadendron
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2195:Hicksbeachia
2193:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2047:
2039:
2034:Buckinghamia
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2006:Beaupreopsis
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1875:
1843:
1815:
1809:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1716:
1709:
1689:
1682:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1652:25 September
1650:. Retrieved
1645:
1640:
1633:
1628:1995:606–607
1625:
1605:
1594:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1555:
1547:
1539:
1531:
1525:Protea lorea
1523:
1515:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1461:
1453:
1445:
1437:
1433:Craterifolia
1432:
1428:
1418:
1410:
1402:
1394:
1386:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1353:Protea tenax
1351:
1343:
1335:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1300:
1292:
1284:
1276:
1272:Microgeantae
1271:
1267:
1257:
1249:
1241:
1233:
1225:
1219:Protea aurea
1217:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1190:
1182:
1174:
1166:
1158:
1150:
1142:
1134:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1107:
1099:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1072:
1064:
1056:
1048:
1040:
1032:
1024:
1016:
1011:
1007:
997:
989:
981:
973:
968:
964:
954:
949:
945:
935:
927:
922:
918:
908:
900:
895:
891:
881:
873:
865:
857:
849:
841:
833:
828:
824:
817:P. madiensis
816:
800:
795:
791:
777:
769:
761:
753:
745:
742:(wagon tree)
737:
729:
721:
713:
705:
701:Leiocephalae
700:
696:
691:
679:
659:
650:
635:Please help
623:
596:
586:
583:
571:
558:Leucospermum
557:
554:Leucadendron
553:
549:Leucadendron
547:
543:Leucospermum
541:
537:
535:
524:
516:
513:P. decurrens
512:
508:
503:flower, are
497:
481:
447:
445:
437:
422:
408:
400:
398:
370:
344:
326:
313:
305:
260:
259:
258:
246:
238:
230:
223:Leucadendron
222:
214:
206:
188:
168:
167:
111:
98:
85:
52:
49:suikerbossie
48:
31:
25:
2682:iNaturalist
2553:Wikispecies
2489:Vexatorella
2447:Symphionema
2426:Stenocarpus
2279:Megahertzia
2188:Heliciopsis
2146:Franklandia
2069:Conospermum
2062:Cenarrhenes
2055:Catalepidia
2048:Carnarvonia
1396:Protea nana
580:Cultivation
501:king protea
478:Description
464:Proteoideae
452:angiosperms
351:Afromontane
337:Grahamstown
333:Clanwilliam
306:sugarbushes
148:Proteoideae
144:Subfamily:
105:Angiosperms
2818:Categories
2433:Stirlingia
2363:Petrophile
2335:Orothamnus
2321:Oreocallis
2307:Nothorites
2216:Kermadecia
2202:Hollandaea
2104:Embothrium
2041:Cardwellia
2020:Bleasdalea
2013:Bellendena
1971:Athertonia
1957:Agastachys
1950:Adenanthos
1931:Proteaceae
1929:Genera of
1727:0908379102
1622:required.)
1567:References
1503:Subacaules
1484:Obvallatae
1087:Melliferae
786:sugarbush)
599:Proteaceae
509:P. cordata
488:receptacle
472:Madagascar
399:The genus
363:Mozambique
322:Proteaceae
318:type genus
231:Pleuranthe
215:Erodendrum
138:Proteaceae
2643:FloraBase
2503:Xylomelum
2482:Turrillia
2419:Sphalmium
2356:Persoonia
2349:Paranomus
2293:Musgravea
2272:Malagasia
2265:Macadamia
2230:Lambertia
2167:Grevillea
2153:Garnieria
2083:Diastella
2076:Darlingia
1964:Alloxylon
1374:Pinifolia
1122:Speciosae
1012:Ligulatae
923:Cristatae
796:Paludosae
784:grassland
624:does not
517:P. scabra
458:, in the
395:Etymology
385:chaparral
349:grows in
314:suikerbos
310:Afrikaans
128:Proteales
75:Kingdom:
2788:40016570
2783:Tropicos
2538:Wikidata
2454:Synaphea
2440:Strangea
2412:Spatalla
2391:Serruria
2342:Panopsis
2300:Neorites
2223:Knightia
2209:Isopogon
2132:Finschia
2118:Euplassa
2111:Eucarpha
2097:Eidothea
2090:Dilobeia
2027:Brabejum
1999:Beauprea
1943:Acidonia
1890:Archived
1601:"Protea"
1323:Crinitae
1213:Exsertae
532:Genetics
456:Gondwana
429:Taxonomy
387:zone of
324:family.
247:Serraria
198:Synonyms
190:See text
183:Species
158:Proteeae
134:Family:
118:Eudicots
2700:32980-1
2661:5428464
2622:5512689
2544:Q227822
2496:Virotia
2475:Triunia
2468:Toronia
2461:Telopea
2384:Roupala
2286:Mimetes
2258:Lomatia
2181:Helicia
2160:Gevuina
2139:Floydia
1992:Banksia
1789:Bibcode
782:(dwarf
645:removed
630:sources
605:Species
587:Protea
442:flower.
415:Proteus
320:of the
296:) is a
164:Genus:
154:Tribe:
124:Order:
79:Plantae
2824:Protea
2757:PLANTS
2749:486222
2733:NZOR:
2713:894922
2687:129714
2596:179615
2583:111633
2570:194037
2567:APDB:
2559:Protea
2529:Protea
2377:Protea
2328:Orites
2237:Lasjia
2125:Faurea
1876:Protea
1866:Protea
1822:
1775:Protea
1724:
1697:
1641:Protea
1580:Protea
1501:sect.
1499:Protea
1482:sect.
1480:Protea
1431:sect.
1429:Protea
1372:sect.
1370:Protea
1321:sect.
1319:Protea
1270:sect.
1268:Protea
1211:sect.
1209:Protea
1120:sect.
1118:Protea
1085:sect.
1083:Protea
1010:sect.
1008:Protea
967:sect.
965:Protea
950:Protea
948:sect.
946:Protea
921:sect.
919:Protea
894:sect.
892:Protea
827:sect.
825:Protea
794:sect.
792:Protea
699:sect.
697:Protea
546:, and
538:Protea
525:Protea
515:, and
492:carpel
448:Protea
423:Protea
401:Protea
377:Uganda
367:Angola
365:, and
355:Guinea
261:Protea
169:Protea
32:Protea
2762:PROTE
2648:43302
2635:1PRWG
2609:63PHM
2174:Hakea
1978:Aulax
1670:Oliv.
1616:
484:heads
381:Kenya
359:Sudan
298:genus
112:Clade
99:Clade
86:Clade
2770:POWO
2726:4331
2721:NCBI
2708:ITIS
2695:IPNI
2674:9877
2669:GRIN
2656:GBIF
2630:EPPO
2591:BOLD
2578:APNI
1820:ISBN
1722:ISBN
1695:ISBN
1654:2023
1583:L.]
628:any
626:cite
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