850:
654:
Firstly, as the air enters the lungs, it is humidified by the upper airway and thus the partial pressure of water vapour (47 mmHg) reduces the oxygen partial pressure to about 150 mmHg.
785:
exists when the ratio of carbon dioxide production to alveolar ventilation increases above normal values â greater than 45mmHg. If pH is also less than 7.35 this is
847:
883:
705:
574:
1249:
876:
1320:
1175:
279:
20:
273:
1358:
869:
1239:
455:
197:
966:
1088:
1258:
1207:
1058:
366:
327:
315:
1212:
808:
836:
1120:
1051:
1032:
795:
exists when the same ratio decreases â less than 35mmHg. If the pH is also greater than 7.45 this is
309:
1196:
1063:
1027:
921:
90:
75:
347:
1098:
563:
499:
493:
291:
173:
81:
1046:
993:
983:
892:
391:
341:
335:
1234:
1170:
796:
776:
677:
449:
379:
156:
28:
1289:
1144:
1108:
943:
938:
786:
772:
417:
405:
370:
218:
8:
971:
768:
472:
411:
385:
53:
1299:
1294:
1274:
1132:
1008:
818:
813:
764:
509:
249:
224:
99:
848:
Leticia Godoy Dias
Sanderson. Gasometria arterial - Artigo de revisĂŁo. Fevereiro 2012.
1337:
1253:
1219:
1021:
976:
958:
463:
285:
1154:
1103:
1013:
928:
792:
643:
353:
264:
1332:
1180:
1149:
854:
782:
441:
423:
397:
321:
237:
17:
1278:
1268:
1125:
1083:
948:
676:
is not routinely measured but is calculated from blood gas measurements by the
123:
47:
1352:
1284:
1040:
953:
435:
1224:
1093:
1075:
933:
657:
The rest of the difference is due to the continual uptake of oxygen by the
41:
1263:
861:
661:
487:
481:
243:
108:
32:
533:
The rates of total body oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
1325:
1244:
1139:
916:
911:
300:
260:
760:
147:
1201:
658:
837:
Dugdale DC, Zieve D. GasometrĂa arterial. Medline Plus. 09/01/2012.
362:
212:
63:
906:
188:
138:
552:
1303:
1002:
694:
546:
530:
The partial pressures of inspired oxygen and carbon dioxide
517:
759:
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide, along with the
117:
683:
1350:
536:The rates of alveolar ventilation and perfusion
132:
877:
891:
884:
870:
508:The factors that determine the values for
553:Partial pressure of oxygen (at sea level)
668:out of the capillaries into the alveoli.
470:
360:
298:
258:
204:
154:
97:
26:
763:, can be used to differentiate between
1351:
865:
1250:oxygenâhemoglobin dissociation curve
540:
664:, and the continual diffusion of CO
650:partial pressure for two reasons.
13:
1176:hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
713:Outside air - dry air at sea level
684:Partial pressure of carbon dioxide
14:
1370:
646:is lower than the atmospheric O
841:
830:
1:
824:
754:
7:
1208:Ventilation/perfusion ratio
1059:pulmonary stretch receptors
802:
527:The pressure of outside air
10:
1375:
1240:alveolarâarterial gradient
809:Alveolar-arterial gradient
545:The partial pressures (in
1313:
1189:
1163:
1121:respiratory minute volume
1074:
1033:ventral respiratory group
992:
899:
58:
1028:dorsal respiratory group
922:obligate nasal breathing
1230:pulmonary gas pressures
549:) for a human at rest:
1359:Respiratory physiology
984:mechanical ventilation
893:Respiratory physiology
1235:alveolar gas equation
1171:pulmonary circulation
797:respiratory alkalosis
777:respiratory alkalosis
678:alveolar gas equation
1290:respiratory quotient
1145:body plethysmography
1064:HeringâBreuer reflex
939:pulmonary surfactant
787:respiratory acidosis
773:respiratory acidosis
642:The alveolar oxygen
633:Non-lung Capillaries
371:LIVER FUNCTION TESTS
1133:Lung function tests
967:hyperresponsiveness
769:metabolic alkalosis
23:
1300:diffusion capacity
1295:arterial blood gas
1275:carbonic anhydrase
1009:pneumotaxic center
853:2014-10-17 at the
819:Pulmonary alveolus
814:Diffusing capacity
765:metabolic acidosis
100:ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS
16:
1346:
1345:
1254:Oxygen saturation
1220:zones of the lung
959:airway resistance
752:
751:
640:
639:
541:Partial pressures
506:
505:
1366:
1155:nitrogen washout
1014:apneustic center
929:respiratory rate
886:
879:
872:
863:
862:
857:
845:
839:
834:
793:Hyperventilation
688:
687:
644:partial pressure
557:
556:
261:SERUM OSMOLARITY
70:
61:
24:
15:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1333:oxygen toxicity
1309:
1197:ventilation (V)
1185:
1181:pulmonary shunt
1159:
1150:peak flow meter
1070:
988:
895:
890:
860:
855:Wayback Machine
846:
842:
835:
831:
827:
805:
783:Hypoventilation
757:
729:Arteriole blood
703:
701:
686:
675:
672:The alveolar pO
667:
649:
619:
615:
602:
598:
572:
570:
555:
543:
521:
515:
228:
192:
187:
177:
172:
142:
137:
127:
122:
112:
85:
68:
67:
62:
59:
18:Pathophysiology
12:
11:
5:
1372:
1362:
1361:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1279:chloride shift
1272:
1269:Haldane effect
1266:
1261:
1256:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1199:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:FEV1/FVC ratio
1123:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1041:chemoreceptors
1037:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1011:
998:
996:
990:
989:
987:
986:
981:
980:
979:
974:
969:
961:
956:
951:
949:elastic recoil
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
925:
924:
919:
914:
903:
901:
897:
896:
889:
888:
881:
874:
866:
859:
858:
840:
828:
826:
823:
822:
821:
816:
811:
804:
801:
756:
753:
750:
749:
746:
742:
741:
738:
734:
733:
730:
726:
725:
722:
718:
717:
714:
710:
709:
699:
692:
685:
682:
673:
670:
669:
665:
655:
647:
638:
637:
634:
630:
629:
626:
622:
621:
617:
613:
610:
609:Arterial blood
606:
605:
600:
596:
591:
587:
586:
583:
579:
578:
568:
561:
554:
551:
542:
539:
538:
537:
534:
531:
528:
519:
513:
504:
503:
497:
491:
485:
478:
477:
468:
467:
461:
459:
453:
446:
445:
439:
433:
431:
428:
427:
421:
415:
409:
402:
401:
395:
389:
383:
376:
375:
358:
357:
351:
345:
339:
332:
331:
325:
319:
313:
306:
305:
296:
295:
289:
283:
277:
270:
269:
256:
255:
253:
247:
241:
234:
233:
231:
226:
222:
216:
209:
208:
202:
201:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
162:
161:
152:
151:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
104:
95:
94:
88:
83:
79:
72:
71:
57:
51:
45:
38:
37:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1371:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1321:high altitude
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:Insufficiency
1312:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1285:oxyhemoglobin
1283:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
991:
985:
982:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
962:
960:
957:
955:
954:hysteresivity
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
909:
908:
905:
904:
902:
898:
894:
887:
882:
880:
875:
873:
868:
867:
864:
856:
852:
849:
844:
838:
833:
829:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
806:
800:
798:
794:
790:
788:
784:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
747:
744:
743:
739:
736:
735:
731:
728:
727:
723:
720:
719:
715:
712:
711:
707:
702:
697:
693:
690:
689:
681:
679:
663:
660:
656:
653:
652:
651:
645:
635:
632:
631:
627:
624:
623:
611:
608:
607:
604:
592:
589:
588:
584:
581:
580:
576:
571:
566:
562:
559:
558:
550:
548:
535:
532:
529:
526:
525:
524:
522:
511:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
479:
476:
474:
469:
465:
462:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
447:
443:
440:
437:
434:
432:
430:
429:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
403:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
377:
374:
372:
368:
364:
359:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
333:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
307:
304:
302:
297:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
271:
268:
266:
262:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
235:
232:
229:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
210:
207:
203:
199:
196:
193:
184:
181:
178:
169:
166:
164:
163:
160:
158:
153:
149:
146:
143:
134:
131:
128:
119:
116:
113:
107:
106:
103:
101:
96:
92:
89:
86:
80:
77:
74:
73:
65:
55:
52:
49:
46:
43:
40:
39:
36:
34:
30:
25:
22:
21:sample values
19:
1229:
1225:gas exchange
1190:Interactions
1115:calculations
1076:Lung volumes
1039:
1020:
1001:
972:constriction
934:respirometer
843:
832:
791:
781:
758:
737:Venous blood
721:Alveolar air
706:Torr or mmHg
695:
671:
641:
625:Venous blood
594:
575:Torr or mmHg
564:
544:
507:
471:
361:
299:
259:
205:
182:
167:
157:ALVEOLAR GAS
155:
98:
33:ELECTROLYTES
27:
1264:Bohr effect
1164:Circulation
900:Respiration
662:capillaries
582:Ambient air
1326:death zone
1245:hemoglobin
1140:spirometry
1099:dead space
1052:peripheral
977:dilatation
963:bronchial
944:compliance
917:exhalation
912:inhalation
825:References
301:URINALYSIS
1202:Perfusion
755:Pathology
659:pulmonary
612:95-100 (P
500:CSF/S glu
494:CSF/S alb
1353:Category
1213:V/Q scan
851:Archived
803:See also
691:Location
560:Location
510:alveolar
246:= â0.36
1338:hypoxia
1259:2,3-BPG
1047:central
1022:medulla
994:Control
590:Alveoli
488:CSF glu
482:CSF alb
436:AST/ALT
363:PROTEIN
344:= 1.01
330:= 0.95
276:= 300
150:= 7.40
907:breath
775:, and
636:20-40
628:40-50
502:= 0.6
496:= 7.5
458:= 1.0
452:= 3.0
450:AF alb
444:= 0.2
438:= 0.6
426:= 0.5
414:= 4.0
400:= 0.7
388:= 7.6
382:= 100
356:= 800
318:= 100
292:BUN:Cr
282:= 295
221:= 2.0
215:= 9.5
206:OTHER:
194:= 105
93:= 1.0
50:= 100
44:= 140
745:Cells
523:are:
490:= 60
484:= 30
466:= 60
420:= 40
408:= 71
394:= 25
350:= 60
338:= 25
312:= 80
294:= 20
265:RENAL
252:= 16
240:= 55
200:= 10
198:A-a g
179:= 36
144:= 95
129:= 40
114:= 24
87:= 22
66:= 150
56:= 20
1304:DLCO
1204:(Q)
1003:pons
716:0.3
593:104
585:159
547:torr
516:and
456:SAAG
398:TBIL
328:FENa
324:= 5
288:= 5
230:= 1
78:= 4
1109:PEF
1089:FRC
748:50
740:50
732:40
724:35
518:pCO
473:CSF
464:SOG
418:ALT
412:Alb
406:ALP
392:AST
380:LDH
348:UCr
342:USG
322:UAG
316:UCl
310:UNa
286:POG
280:PCO
274:PMO
109:HCO
91:PCr
64:Glu
54:BUN
29:BMP
1355::
1104:CC
1094:Vt
1084:VC
799:.
789:.
779:.
771:,
767:,
761:pH
708:)
698:CO
680:.
620:)
603:)
595:(P
577:)
512:pO
442:BU
424:BC
386:TP
367:GI
354:UO
336:UK
250:AG
244:BE
238:CK
225:PO
219:Mg
213:Ca
174:CO
148:pH
124:CO
82:CO
48:Cl
42:Na
1306:)
1302:(
1281:)
1277:(
1271:)
1252:(
885:e
878:t
871:v
704:(
700:2
696:p
674:2
666:2
648:2
618:2
616:O
614:a
601:2
599:O
597:A
573:(
569:2
567:O
565:p
520:2
514:2
475::
373::
369:/
365:/
303::
267::
263:/
227:4
191:2
189:O
186:A
183:p
176:2
171:A
168:p
159::
141:2
139:O
136:a
133:p
126:2
121:a
118:p
111:3
102::
84:2
76:K
69:\
60:/
35::
31:/
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